Multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the field of wire-based additive manufacturing. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device comprises a first wire feeding guide mechanism and a second wire feeding guide mechanism which move synchronously; the laser emitting assembly emits at least two laser beams; the guide axis of the first wire is perpendicular to the surface of the platform; the guide axis of the second wire is inclined to the surface of the platform; the two groups of laser beams are respectively distributed around the guide axes of the two first wires and irradiate on the platform to form two groups of multiple light spots around the guide axes of the first wires, and each group of light spots has parts which are overlapped at the same time in the group and fall onto the tail ends of the first wires; each group of light spots has a portion that does not overlap in the group and overlaps with the outer group and falls onto the end of the second wire. The printing quality is mainly guaranteed through coaxial wire feeding, paraxial wire feeding is selectively carried out according to the thickness of a printing part of a component, the forming quality is improved by using coaxial double wire feeding at a thin wall, and the forming efficiency is effectively improved by adding paraxial single wire feeding at a thick wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of silk-based additive manufacturing, and in particular to an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding. Background Art

[0002] Directed energy deposition additive manufacturing methods have revolutionized the manufacturing concept of metal parts due to their ability to speed up production and minimize material waste in various industries, including aerospace, automotive and biomedicine. The directed energy deposition process uses powder or wire as the raw material, and various heat sources can be used for melting during the deposition process, including laser, electron beam, arc and plasma. Each type of directed energy deposition process has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it more suitable for different application scenarios. Among them, laser additive manufacturing technology is a method that uses laser as a heat source. Due to the high energy density of the laser, the heating area can be precisely controlled. Therefore, laser additive manufacturing is suitable for the manufacture of refractory metals and complex, precise and mechanically demanding parts. In order to further highlight the advantages of laser directed energy deposition over traditional manufacturing processes, the efficiency of directed energy deposition must be improved. This can be achieved by using wire as the raw material in the process, because wire has the advantages of higher material utilization and lower material cost compared to powder raw materials.

[0003] However, a major obstacle to the current laser wire feeding directed energy deposition is that since the wire is directly fed into the bottom of the molten pool, if the wire diameter is too large, it is difficult for the wire to fully melt in a short time, affecting the deposition effect of the melt channel; if the wire diameter is too small, the amount of wire fed per unit time is too small; if the wire feeding speed is too fast, the wire will impact the bottom of the molten pool, thereby affecting the deposition morphology of the melt channel, and then affecting the mechanical properties of the deposited component through defects such as pores, cracks and unfused components; if the wire feeding speed is too slow, the deposition efficiency of additive manufacturing will be seriously reduced, and the advantage of efficient forming will be lost. The above problems limit the amount of wire fed per unit time of laser wire feeding additive manufacturing technology, greatly reducing the efficiency of additive manufacturing. Chinese patent CN114273768A proposes an electron beam multi-wire collaborative additive manufacturing device and method, which adopts a mechanical structure of three side-axis wire feeding, but side-axis wire feeding is prone to poor heat source-wire angle coupling problems, and there are also printing directionality problems, so it is still impossible to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency and high-precision additive manufacturing. Chinese patent CN112584962A discloses a coaxial wire-feed multi-laser metal deposition device, which feeds the wire at a perpendicular angle to the working surface through a coaxial system, and divides the laser beam into three equal lower-energy laser beams through a laser optical device, which are arranged around the wire and irradiate the wire at the same time, solving the problem of poor heat source-wire angle coupling and simplifying the coordination requirements, but its printing efficiency is still relatively low.

[0004] Based on the coaxial wire feeding system, the researchers thought that two or more metal wires could be set in parallel for simultaneous wire feeding, and each metal wire was melted by the surrounding laser beam at the same time, which greatly improved the printing efficiency. However, another problem arose: if two metal wire feeding heads were set in parallel and the distance between the metal wires was large, two relatively independent molten pools would actually be formed, and it would be difficult to ensure the fusion effect of the two molten pools; and if the distance between the metal wires was small, it would increase the difficulty of designing the laser coaxial system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, which are used to solve the problem that when dual coaxial parallel wire feeding is used for printing, when the distance between the two metal wires is large, it is difficult to ensure the fusion effect of the two molten pools, and when the distance between the two metal wires is small, it will increase the difficulty of designing the laser coaxial system.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: the present invention provides a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device, including a platform, a first wire feeding guide mechanism, a second wire feeding guide mechanism and a laser emission assembly; two first wire feeding guide mechanisms are arranged in parallel above the platform and move synchronously in a parallel direction along the platform surface, the first wire feeding guide mechanism is used to convey the first wire and define the guide axis of the first wire, and the guide axes of the two first wires are perpendicular to the platform surface; the second wire feeding guide mechanism is arranged above the platform and moves synchronously with the first wire feeding guide mechanism, the second wire feeding guide mechanism is used to convey the second wire and define the guide axis of the second wire, and the guide axis of the second wire is inclined to the platform surface; the laser emission assembly is arranged above the platform and emits at least two laser beams, each laser beam is divided into two groups, the two groups of laser beams are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires respectively and irradiated on the platform to form two groups of several light spots around the guide axis of the first wire, each group of light spots has a portion that overlaps simultaneously within the group and falls on the end of the first wire, and each group of light spots has a portion that does not overlap within the group and overlaps with the outer group and falls on the end of the second wire.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the end of the second wire is located between the two first wire ends; the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second wire end along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism; or the ends of the two first wires are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism.

[0008] More preferably, the molten pool formed by the first wire and the second wire being fused under the irradiation of the light spot forms a printing track along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism after solidification, and the width of the printing track of the part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part before additive manufacturing; when the width requirement of the printing track is greater than the width of a single light spot and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots, the ends of the two first wires are arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire; when the width requirement of the printing track is greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots and less than the sum of the widths of four light spots, the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire.

[0009] More preferably, when the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire, taking the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires are located in front of the end of the second wire.

[0010] More preferably, the distance between the ends of the two first wires is not greater than the width of the end of the second wire.

[0011] More preferably, it also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism; the first wire and the second wire are irradiated by a plurality of light spots and a molten pool is formed on the platform; the shaping laser emitting mechanism is arranged above the platform and moves along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism, the shaping laser emitting mechanism emits a shaped light beam and shapes the molten pool, the shaping laser emitting mechanism irradiates on the platform to form a shaping spot, and the shaping spot is located behind the end of the first wire along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism.

[0012] More preferably, the width of the shaping spot is not less than the width of the printing track.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the laser emitting assembly includes an emitter, a beam splitter and a reflective galvanometer; the emitter emits a main light beam; the beam splitter divides the main light beam into several laser beams; several reflective galvanometers reflect each laser beam and divide each laser beam into two groups, the two groups of laser beams are respectively arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires, and each group of laser beams simultaneously intersects at a common point on the guide axes of each first wire.

[0014] More preferably, the common point where the two groups of laser beams intersect is at the same vertical distance from the platform.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an additive manufacturing method with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, which uses the above-mentioned additive manufacturing device with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, including the following steps: step 1, before starting printing, determine whether the printing part is a thin-walled part or a thick-walled part according to the component to be formed, and determine the width requirement of the printing track according to the design requirements of the printing part; step 2, adjust the setting method of the ends of the first wire and the second wire according to the width requirement of the printing track; when the width requirement of the printing track is small, set the ends of the two first wires to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire; when the width requirement of the printing track is large, set the ends of the two first wires to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire; step 3, when printing on the thin-walled part, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms simultaneously transport the two first wires into the molten pool; when printing on the thick-walled part, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms and the second wire feeding guide mechanism simultaneously transport the two first wires and the second wire into the molten pool.

[0016] The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] (1) The present invention adopts coaxial and side-axis coordinated wire feeding, and the printing quality is guaranteed mainly by coaxial wire feeding. Side-axis wire feeding is selectively performed according to the thickness of the printed part of the component. Coaxial double wire feeding is used in thin-walled areas to improve the forming quality, and side-axis single wire feeding is added in thick-walled areas, that is, a multi-axis co-feeding technology with a total of three wires, which effectively improves the forming efficiency. Through multi-axis wire co-feeding and light wire posture and orientation control, a flat, continuous, pore-free, and crack-free sample can be obtained. At the same time, by changing the raw material of the wire, the alloy composition of the sample can be flexibly adjusted to obtain a macro-microstructure with a gradient organization. In short, the device and method can provide a novel solution for efficient laser additive manufacturing, and can also promote the further development of laser wire feeding additive manufacturing technology with potential application value in space manufacturing.

[0018] (2) The present invention uses a pulsed shaping laser following behind in the moving direction to suppress problems that are prone to cause defects such as irregular molten pool morphology and small aspect ratio caused by excessive heat input, effectively improve the forming quality, and ultimately achieve efficient and high-quality deposition of metal wire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an additive manufacturing device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a light spot of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light spot of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light spot of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser emitting assembly of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. platform; 2. first wire feeding guide mechanism; 21. first wire material; 3. second wire feeding guide mechanism; 31. second wire material; 4. laser emitting assembly; 41. laser beam; 42. emitter; 43. beam splitter; 44. reflective galvanometer; 401. light spot; 5. shaped laser emitting mechanism; 51. shaped light beam; 501. shaped spot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, combined Figure 2 and Figure 5 A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device of the present invention includes a platform 1, a first wire feeding guide mechanism 2, a second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 and a laser emitting component 4.

[0028] The platform 1 is a horizontal substrate for molding components.

[0029] Two first wire feeding guide mechanisms 2 are arranged in parallel above the platform 1 and move synchronously in a direction parallel to the surface of the platform 1. The first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is used to convey the first wire 21 and define the guiding axis of the first wire 21. The guiding axes of the two first wires 21 are perpendicular to the surface of the platform 1. Therefore, the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is coaxial wire feeding.

[0030] The second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 is arranged above the platform 1 and moves synchronously with the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. The second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 is used to convey the second wire 31 and define the guiding axis of the second wire 31. The guiding axis of the second wire 31 is inclined to the surface of the platform 1, so the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 is a side-axis wire feeding. The wire feeding guide mechanism can adopt a laser soldering high-efficiency wire feeding device disclosed in Chinese patent CN114473266A to realize the rapid conveying of the wire; the guiding axis of the wire can be adjusted and positioned by adjusting the installation angle of the wire feeding guide mechanism.

[0031] The laser emitting assembly 4 is arranged above the platform 1 and emits at least two laser beams 41, usually an even number of laser beams 41. Each laser beam 41 is divided into two groups, and the two groups of laser beams 41 are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires 21 and irradiated on the platform 1 to form two groups of light spots 401 around the guide axes of the first wires 21, each group of light spots 401 has a portion that overlaps simultaneously within the group and falls on the end of the first wire 21, and each group of light spots 401 has a portion that does not overlap within the group and overlaps with the outer group and falls on the end of the second wire 31.

[0032] The design idea of ​​the present invention starts from the scenario that "the thickness of different parts of the printed component requires different wire feeding amounts". Considering that if the wire feeding amount per unit time is adjusted by controlling the speed of the wire feeding, the wire will impact the bottom of the molten pool and affect the deposition morphology of the melt path. Adjusting the wire feeding amount by controlling the wire diameter is not only difficult to control but also difficult to ensure the melting effect of the wire. Therefore, the inventor thought of combining coaxial wire feeding with side-axis wire feeding for coordinated wire feeding. On the basis of using coaxial wire feeding to ensure the molding quality, side-axis wire feeding is selected according to the wall thickness of the printing part to increase the wire feeding amount during printing.

[0033] However, in the process of combining the conventional coaxial wire feeding equipment with the side-axis wire feeding equipment, the inventor found that if the side-axis wire feeding still needs to be melted by an independent laser, not only will there still be problems with poor heat source-wire angle coupling and printing directionality, but the design of the equipment structure and component layout is extremely difficult, and it is difficult to ensure that the independent laser can accurately irradiate the side-axis wire and fully fuse the molten pool of the side-axis wire with the molten pool of the coaxial wire. Based on the above problems, the inventor thought of setting two or more coaxial wires in parallel to feed wires at the same time to increase the wire feeding amount per unit time without adjusting the wire feeding speed or wire diameter.

[0034] However, this brings about two problems: first, as the number of coaxial wires increases, the laser optical path design required to melt multiple coaxial wires at the same time while ensuring good angle coupling between the heat source and the wire is more complicated; second, since there is actually a small gap between the two molten pools formed in parallel by the two first wires 21, the edge of each molten pool has a lower temperature than the center of the molten pool and condenses faster, which makes it impossible for the two molten pools to be fully fused.

[0035] As for the first question, there are currently related patents that use multiple laser beams to surround coaxial wires and melt the coaxial wires at the same time. Therefore, by adjusting the direction of the laser galvanometer, the multiple laser beams can be divided into two groups and surround two coaxial wires for irradiation. However, since this application does not involve the relevant content of the laser optical path, the specific components and mechanical structure of the laser emitting assembly 4 are not described in detail here.

[0036] As for the second question, the inventors of the present invention thought that the paraxial wire feeding can be used as a supplement to the coaxial wire feeding, so the wire diameter of the paraxial wire can be thinner than that of the coaxial wire, and thus the laser power required to melt the paraxial wire is correspondingly lower. Then, multiple laser beams can be designed to surround the coaxial wire and heat and melt the coaxial wire at the same time. In this process, the center of the spot of the multiple laser beams in each group and the edge overlapping part of each laser have extremely high energy, which can effectively melt the thicker coaxial wire in a short time. The edge of the spot formed by any laser beam in the same group will also have a part that does not overlap with other laser spots, and its spot edge has lower energy. Then, when the two adjacent laser spots in the two groups overlap at the edge, it is enough to effectively melt the thinner paraxial wire in a short time. This not only has excellent printing effects, but also does not require the setting of an independent laser to melt the paraxial wire. At the same time, since the coaxial wire is melted simultaneously by multiple laser beams, a single laser beam can use a lower power, and when the spots of multiple laser beams overlap, they can also provide sufficient energy to melt the coaxial wire.

[0037] like Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown in the figure, the end of the second wire 31 is located between the ends of the two first wires 21, so that the molten pool formed by the second wire 31 is transitionally fused between the molten pools formed by the two first wires; however, when designing the printing path for different components, the molten pools formed have different widths according to the design requirements of their printing parts. The molten pool with a large width has a larger molding area after solidification, which helps to improve the printing efficiency, but the corresponding molding quality is poor or the thickness of the molding part is thinner; on the contrary, the molten pool with a small width has a smaller molding area after solidification, and the thickness of its molding part is thicker and the quality is improved because the molten pool is more concentrated. Therefore, according to different printing requirements, such as Figure 2As shown, the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31 along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. This method is suitable for a printing area with a small width; or as Figure 3 or Figure 4 As shown, the ends of the two first wires 21 are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire 31 along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. This method is suitable for a printing area with a large width.

[0038] like Figure 1 A preferred embodiment is shown. During the printing process, the molten pool formed after the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 are irradiated and fused by the light spot 401 forms a printing track 101 along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 after solidification. The width of the printing track 101 of the printing part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part before additive manufacturing. The reason is as described above; therefore, when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is greater than the width of a single light spot 401 and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots 401, the ends of the two first wires 21 are arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire 31; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots 401 and less than the sum of the widths of the four light spots 401, the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31. In summary, since the molten pool will gradually flow and diffuse outward during the solidification process, the width of the printing track 101 formed after the molten pool finally solidifies will be greater than the sum of the initial widths of the three molten pools of the two first wires 21 and the second wire 31, but its width during solidification should still be smaller than the width of the overall illumination area composed of the light spots 401.

[0039] like Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment shown in the figure, when the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31, with the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism 2 as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires 21 are located in front of the end of the second wire 31. In this case, the layout of each molten pool is more concentrated, and the width of the overall molten pool formed by their fusion is narrower than the width of the molten pool formed when the two first wires 21 and the second wire 31 are located in the same straight line.

[0040] like Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment shown, the distance between the ends of the two first wires 21 is not greater than the width of the end of the second wire 31, so that the layout of each molten pool is more concentrated, which helps to improve the fusion degree of each molten pool.

[0041] like Figure 1A preferred embodiment shown in the figure, when the coaxial wire feeding and the side-axis wire feeding are printed in coordination, essentially the molten pool formed by the side-axis wire is added into the molten pool formed by the coaxial wire and the two molten pools are fused. However, not only the original state of the molten pool is changed, resulting in an increase in the width and thickness of the molten pool, but also obvious defects such as ridges are formed after the molten pool is cooled and solidified. Therefore, it is necessary to perform laser shaping on the printed part, specifically, it also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism 5.

[0042] The first wire 21 and the second wire 31 are irradiated by a plurality of light spots 401 and form a molten pool on the platform 1 .

[0043] The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 is a laser. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 is arranged above the platform 1 and moves along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 emits a shaping light beam 51 and shapes the molten pool. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 irradiates the platform 1 to form a shaping spot 501. The shaping spot 501 is located behind the end of the first wire 21 along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. The shaping spot 501 follows the light spot 401 to shape the molten pool. Its function is to "thin" the molten pool as much as possible and improve its aspect ratio to achieve the purpose of shaping. Generally speaking, the width of the shaping spot 501 along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is not less than the width of the molten pool, so that the irradiation range of the shaping spot 501 can cover the entire molten pool and the state of the molten pool after "thinning" to ensure the effect of laser shaping.

[0044] In addition, the power of the shaped beam 51 is less than the power of the laser beam 41. Specifically, according to different materials, the type of the laser beam 41 emitted by the laser emitting component 4 can be blue laser, green laser and infrared laser, with a power range of 500W-5000W; the shaped laser emitting mechanism 5 can use a pulsed laser to emit the shaped beam 51, and the type of the shaped beam 51 can also be blue laser, green laser and infrared laser, with a power range of 300W-600W. In addition, the wire diameter of the first wire 21 is greater than the wire diameter of the second wire 31. Specifically, the first wire 21 of coaxial wire feeding can be made of the same or different metal materials such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel and copper alloy suitable for laser additive manufacturing, with a wire diameter range of 1-2.5mm; the second wire 31 of side-axis wire feeding can also be made of metal materials such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel and copper alloy suitable for laser additive manufacturing, with a wire diameter range of 0.6-1.2mm. At the same time, the wire diameter of the second wire 31 is smaller than the spot diameter of the light spot 401, so that the second wire 31 can be fully irradiated by the single laser beam 41 and receive enough energy to melt in a short time. At the same time, the distance between the ends of the second wire 31 and the first wire 21 needs to be very narrow, so that the ends of the two wires are as close as possible to ensure that the second wire 31 is fully melted.

[0045] It should also be noted that the wire feeding speed of the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 is lower than that of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. Specifically, according to the selected power, the moving speed and wire feeding speed of the matched coaxial wire feeding are 4-6mm / s and 8-12mm / s respectively; the moving speed and wire feeding speed of the side-axis wire feeding are 4-6mm / s and 7-10mm / s respectively.

[0046] like Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment shown, the laser emitting assembly 4 includes a transmitter 42 , a beam splitter 43 and a reflective galvanometer 44 .

[0047] The emitter 42 emits a main light beam, and the emitter 42 may be a pulsed laser.

[0048] The beam splitter 43 splits the main beam into a plurality of laser beams 41. The beam splitter 43 may be a standard device for laser beam splitting.

[0049] By adjusting the angle of the reflective galvanometer 44 , a plurality of reflective galvanometers 44 reflect each laser beam 41 , and each laser beam 41 is divided into two groups. The two groups of laser beams 41 are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires 21 respectively, and each group of laser beams 41 intersects at a common point on the guide axis of each first wire 21 at the same time.

[0050] like Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment shown, the common point where the two groups of laser beams 41 intersect is at the same vertical distance from the platform 1, so that the molten pools formed by the two first wires 21 can be located at the same horizontal height.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, combined Figure 2 and Figure 5 A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing method of the present invention adopts the multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device of any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Before starting printing, determine whether the printing part is a thin-walled part or a thick-walled part according to the desired formed component, so as to determine the wire feeding method and the moving path of the laser beam 41 for different wall thickness parts; at the same time, determine the appropriate wire composition and ratio, wire type and diameter size according to the gradient structure or heterogeneous structure requirements of the metal formed component. In addition, it is also necessary to determine the width requirement of the printing track 101 according to the design requirements of the printing part.

[0053] Step 2: Adjust the arrangement of the ends of the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 according to the width requirement of the printing track 101; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is small, set the ends of the two first wires 21 to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire 31; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is large, set the ends of the two first wires 21 to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire 31.

[0054] Step three, when printing thin-walled parts, since the required unit wire feeding amount is small, only the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is required to convey the first wire 21 into the molten pool, and there is no need to convey the second wire 31 into the molten pool through the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3. When printing thick-walled parts, since the required unit wire feeding amount increases, the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 and the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 simultaneously convey the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 into the molten pool. During the printing process, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the processing efficiency and the forming quality, adjust the printing process parameters of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing, and use the shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 to adjust the molten pool morphology for shaping. The laser beam 41 performs laser additive manufacturing of coaxial paraxial system wire feeding according to the set path until the preparation of the expected metal material component is completed.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: It comprises a platform (1), a first wire feeding guide mechanism (2), a second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) and a laser emitting assembly (4); Two of the first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) are arranged in parallel above the platform (1) and move synchronously in a direction parallel to the surface of the platform (1); the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2) is used to convey the first wire (21) and define a guide axis of the first wire (21); the guide axes of the two first wires (21) are both perpendicular to the surface of the platform (1); The second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) is arranged above the platform (1) and moves synchronously with the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2), the second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) is used to convey the second wire (31) and define a guide axis of the second wire (31), and the guide axis of the second wire (31) is inclined to the surface of the platform (1); The laser emitting assembly (4) is arranged above the platform (1) and emits at least two laser beams (41), each of the laser beams (41) being divided into two groups. The two groups of laser beams (41) are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires (21) respectively and irradiate the platform (1) to form two groups of a plurality of light spots (401) around the guide axes of the first wires (21), each group of the light spots (401) having a portion that overlaps simultaneously within the group and falls on the end of the first wire (21), and each group of the light spots (401) having a portion that does not overlap within the group and overlaps with an outer group and falls on the end of the second wire (31).

2. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the second wire (31) is located between the ends of the two first wires (21); The ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2); or the ends of the two first wires (21) are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire (31) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2).

3. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molten pool formed by the first wire (21) and the second wire (31) being fused by being irradiated by the light spot (401) forms a printing track (101) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2) after solidification, and the width of the printing track (101) of the printing part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part before additive manufacturing; When the width requirement of the printing track (101) is greater than the width of a single light spot (401) and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots (401), the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged in front of and behind the end of the second wire (31); When the width of the printing track (101) is required to be greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots (401) and less than the sum of the widths of the four light spots (401), the ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31).

4. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31), taking the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2) as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires (21) are located in front of the end of the second wire (31).

5. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the ends of the two first wires (21) is no greater than the width of the end of the second wire (31).

6. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism (5); The first wire (21) and the second wire (31) are irradiated by a plurality of light spots (401) and form a molten pool on the platform (1); The shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) is arranged above the platform (1) and moves along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2), the shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) emits a shaping light beam (51) and shapes the molten pool, the shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) irradiates the platform (1) to form a shaping spot (501), and the shaping spot (501) is located behind the end of the first wire material (21) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2).

7. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the shaping spot (501) is not less than the width of the printing track (101).

8. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser emitting assembly (4) comprises an emitter (42), a beam splitter (43) and a reflective galvanometer (44); The emitter (42) emits a main light beam; The beam splitter (43) splits the main beam into a plurality of laser beams (41); The plurality of reflective galvanometers (44) reflect each laser beam (41) and divide each laser beam (41) into two groups. The two groups of laser beams (41) are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires (21) respectively. Each group of laser beams (41) simultaneously intersects a common point on the guide axes of each first wire (21).

9. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The common point where the two groups of laser beams (41) intersect is at the same vertical distance from the platform (1).

10. A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Step 1, before starting printing, determine whether the printing part is a thin-walled part or a thick-walled part according to the desired formed component, and determine the width requirement of the printing track (101) according to the design requirements of the printing part; Step 2: adjusting the arrangement of the ends of the first wire (21) and the second wire (31) according to the width requirement of the printing track (101); when the width requirement of the printing track (101) is small, the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire (31); when the width requirement of the printing track (101) is large, the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire (31); Step three, when printing on a thin-walled portion, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) simultaneously transport the two first wire materials (21) into the molten pool; when printing on a thick-walled portion, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) and the second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) simultaneously transport the two first wire materials (21) and the second wire material (31) into the molten pool.

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