Unattended parking lot management system and method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses an unattended parking lot management system and method based on the Internet of Things, and the method comprises the steps: S1, monitoring the occupation state of each parking space in real time through camera equipment installed in a parking lot; s2, the monitored parking space occupation information is updated to a central management system database in real time through the Internet of Things communication technology; s3, analyzing and processing the parking space occupation data through the central management system; s4, identifying the vehicles by using the RFID technology, and automatically identifying the vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot; s5, automatically calculating the parking fee according to the parking time of the vehicle in the parking lot; s6, after the vehicle pays the parking fee, a gate at an exit is controlled to be automatically opened; and S7, a remote management interface is provided for a parking lot manager, and the operation state of the parking lot is monitored and adjusted in real time through the Internet. The system has the advantages of real-time monitoring and management, automatic and efficient passing, convenient remote operation, data-driven optimization decision, high safety and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of parking lot management, and in particular to an unmanned parking lot management system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid growth of car ownership, parking has become a major challenge in urban transportation. Especially in commercial centers, residential areas, and public facilities, finding available parking spaces is often time-consuming and laborious, not only affecting drivers' travel efficiency but also exacerbating traffic congestion within parking lots and reducing operational efficiency. Furthermore, traditional parking lot management relies heavily on manual monitoring and management, which is not only costly and inefficient, but also fails to meet the demand for intelligent and efficient parking services in modern cities.

[0003] In the existing technology, the traditional parking lot management system has the following main defects:

[0004] 1. Lack of real-time monitoring: Traditional parking lots often lack an effective real-time parking space monitoring system, making it difficult for drivers to quickly understand the availability of parking spaces in the parking lot, resulting in long parking space search times and low efficiency.

[0005] 2. High labor management costs: Parking lots that rely on manual charging and management not only have high labor costs, but are also prone to congestion and management chaos during peak hours.

[0006] 3. Inconvenience in parking payment: Drivers often have to wait in line to pay parking fees in parking lots, and the payment method is single, which brings inconvenience to users.

[0007] 4. Insufficient data utilization: Traditional parking lot management systems often fail to effectively collect and utilize operational data and lack the ability to analyze and optimize data for parking lot operations.

[0008] 5. Security and reliability issues: Due to the lack of effective security protection measures, traditional parking systems are vulnerable to illegal intrusion and data leakage.

[0009] Therefore, how to provide an unmanned parking lot management system and method based on the Internet of Things is a problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0010] One objective of this invention is to provide an unmanned parking lot management system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Leveraging IoT technologies, image recognition, automated control, and data analysis, this invention describes in detail methods for intelligently monitoring and managing parking space occupancy, automating vehicle entry and exit processes, providing remote management and operation, and conducting data analysis and operational optimization. This system offers advantages such as real-time monitoring and management, automated and efficient access, convenient remote operation, data-driven optimization, and high security.

[0011] An unattended parking lot management system and method based on the Internet of Things according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Use cameras installed in the parking lot to monitor the occupancy status of each parking space in real time;

[0013] S2. Update the monitored parking space occupancy information to the central management system database in real time through the Internet of Things communication technology;

[0014] S3. The central management system analyzes and processes parking space occupancy data and provides real-time feedback of available parking space information to the user interface, allowing users to view and select available parking spaces in real time.

[0015] S4. Use RFID technology to identify vehicles, automatically identify vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot, and record the vehicle entry and exit times;

[0016] S5. Automatically calculating parking fees based on the time the vehicle stays in the parking lot, and providing an option to pay the parking fee through the user interface;

[0017] S6. After the vehicle has paid the parking fee, the gate at the controlled exit automatically opens, allowing the vehicle to leave the parking lot;

[0018] S7. Provide parking lot managers with a remote management interface to monitor and adjust the parking lot's operational status in real time via the Internet, including parking space occupancy, vehicle flow, and revenue.

[0019] Optionally, the S1 specifically includes:

[0020] S11. Install at least one camera device near each parking space to capture image information of the parking space;

[0021] S12, using an image recognition algorithm to process the captured image information, wherein the image recognition algorithm includes a vehicle detection module for identifying whether there is a vehicle in the image, and the vehicle detection module calculates the vehicle feature vector V in the image and compares it with a known vehicle feature vector library V libThe similarity S between the two determines whether the parking space is occupied. The calculation of the vehicle feature vector V is based on the vehicle's outline, size and color features:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, V represents the vehicle feature vector extracted from the current image, V lib represents the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and S is the cosine similarity between the two vectors;

[0024] S13. Define the condition for the existence of a vehicle as the similarity S exceeding a preset threshold T:

[0025] S ≥ T;

[0026] Where S is the cosine similarity between the vehicle feature vector extracted from the image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and T is the similarity threshold used to determine whether the parking space is occupied. When the similarity S is greater than or equal to the threshold T, the parking space is considered occupied, otherwise it is considered vacant.

[0027] S14. The specific feature V is calculated based on the geometric shape, size, and color features of the vehicle in the image and converted into a feature vector using a feature extraction algorithm. The similarity threshold T is determined by analyzing the similarity distribution between vehicle images in the historical dataset and images of known vacant parking spaces to ensure that vacant and occupied parking spaces can be effectively distinguished:

[0028] V = f(geometry, size, color);

[0029]

[0030] Where f represents the feature extraction function, which converts the vehicle's geometry, size, and color into a feature vector V, N represents the total number of historical vehicle images considered when determining the threshold, and S i is the similarity between the i-th historical vehicle image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library. α is an adjustment coefficient that adjusts the looseness and strictness of the threshold according to actual detection needs. σ(S) represents the standard deviation of the similarity S, which represents the variability of the similarity distribution.

[0031] Optionally, the S2 specifically includes:

[0032] S21, encode the parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data captured by the camera equipment and RFID technology into data packets, where each data packet contains the parking space identification ID, parking space status S status , timestamp T and vehicle identification V ID , where the parking space ID uniquely corresponds to each parking space, and the parking space status S statusIndicates whether the parking space is free or occupied, the timestamp T records the specific time when the information is captured, and the vehicle identifier V ID A unique number to identify the vehicle;

[0033] S22. Using IoT communication technology, the encoded data packets are transmitted to the central management system database in real time, enabling instant updates of parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data;

[0034] S23. The central management system database updates parking space status information and vehicle entry and exit records based on the received data packets, including data insertion, update, and query, to support the provision of real-time parking space information and analysis of historical data;

[0035] S24. The central management system uses the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model to perform time series analysis on parking space status changes and vehicle flow data. Based on the timestamp T of parking space status and vehicle entry and exit data, it provides accurate predictions of parking space occupancy trends and vehicle flow:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, C t represents the number of occupied parking spaces and vehicle flow at time point t, α is the constant term of the model, representing the baseline parking space occupancy and vehicle flow, p and q represent the order of the autoregressive part AR and the moving average part MA, respectively, β i is the coefficient of the autoregressive part, indicating the impact of the number of parking spaces occupied and traffic flow at the past i time points on the current time point t, γ j is the coefficient of the moving average part, which represents the adjustment of the prediction error of the past j time points to the current time point t, ∈ t is a random error term, reflecting the unpredicted changes in parking space occupancy and traffic volume at the current time point.

[0038] Optionally, the S3 specifically includes:

[0039] S31, the central management system analyzes and processes the received parking space status data packets, and uses data aggregation and filtering algorithms to classify parking spaces into two categories: "free" and "occupied". The data aggregation algorithm integrates multiple status records of the same parking space according to the parking space ID and timestamp T, and the filtering algorithm classifies the parking space status S according to the parking space status S. status Filter out currently available parking spaces;

[0040] S32. Apply real-time data stream processing technology. The central management system receives and processes parking space status data packets in real time. It uses a sliding window algorithm to count parking space occupancy within a specific time period and calculate the total number of currently available parking spaces N. available and the total number of occupied parking spaces N occupied :

[0041] N available (t) = N total -N occupied (t);

[0042]

[0043] Among them, N total Represents the total number of parking spaces in the parking lot, N availble (t) and N occupied (t) represent the number of free and occupied parking spaces at time point t, S status,i (t) is the status of the i-th parking space at time t, with a value of 1 for occupied and 0 for free. W is the sliding window size, which represents the number of parking space status packets within the time window considered when calculating the number of currently occupied parking spaces.

[0044] S33, updating the vacant parking space information in real time on the user interface in the form of a graphical interface, including a map, a list, and an icon representation, so that the user can intuitively identify and select the vacant parking space;

[0045] S34, in order to improve the user experience, the central management system will also use the geographical location information L of the parking space and the user's current location P user Calculate the recommended free parking spaces based on the distance priority principle, that is, minimize the distance D from the user to the free parking space min :

[0046]

[0047] Among them, L x and L y Represent the geographical coordinates of the parking space, P user,x and P user,y Respectively represent the coordinates of the user's current location;

[0048] S35. The central management system sends the calculated recommended parking space information to the user interface, providing detailed information including distance, estimated arrival time, and navigation route, so that the user can easily find and go to the recommended vacant parking space.

[0049] Optionally, the S4 specifically includes:

[0050] S41. Automatically identify the RFID tags of vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot through RFID readers installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot, where each vehicle's RFID tag stores unique vehicle identification information V ID ;

[0051] S42: When a vehicle enters the parking lot, the RFID reader captures the vehicle's RFID tag information and stores the information together with the entry timestamp T in Sent together to the central management system, where the entry timestamp T in Record the exact time a vehicle enters the parking lot;

[0052] S43: When the vehicle is about to leave the parking lot, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag information of the vehicle again and sets the departure timestamp T out Sent to the central management system, where the departure timestamp is T out Record the exact time a vehicle leaves the parking lot;

[0053] S44, the central management system calculates the vehicle's entry time stamp T in and exit timestamp T out Calculate the total time ΔT that the vehicle stays in the parking lot:

[0054] ΔT=T out -T in .

[0055] Optionally, the S5 specifically includes:

[0056] S51. When a vehicle passes through an exit RFID reader, the central management system automatically receives a signal indicating that the vehicle has left the parking lot and triggers a parking fee calculation process based on the signal.

[0057] S52: Based on the total stay time (ΔT) of the vehicle in the parking lot, the time is calculated by calculating the time stamps T of the vehicle entering and leaving the parking lot. in and T out Difference obtained;

[0058] S53, according to the hourly parking rate C set by the parking lot rate , calculate the total parking cost F:

[0059] F=ΔT×C rate ;

[0060] Where ΔT is in hours;

[0061] S54. After the parking fee calculation is completed, the central management system pushes the fee details and payment options to the car owner's mobile terminal and parking lot payment terminal in real time, supporting various electronic payment methods. After the payment is completed, the system automatically records the payment details, including the payment amount, payment time and payment method.

[0062] Optionally, the S6 specifically includes:

[0063] S61. After receiving the confirmation information that the vehicle has completed payment, the central management system automatically sends an opening instruction to the exit gate control system to allow the vehicle to leave;

[0064] S62: After receiving the opening instruction, the gate control system immediately executes the gate opening operation and records the gate opening timestamp T. open ;

[0065] S63: To ensure the smooth exit of the vehicle, the gate remains open until the vehicle passes through the exit. After the geomagnetic and photoelectric sensors at the exit detect the vehicle leaving, a vehicle exit signal is sent. exit to the central management system;

[0066] S64, the central management system receives the vehicle has left the signal Signal exit After that, the gate control system is instructed to close the gate and the gate closing timestamp T is recorded. close ;

[0067] S65. To enhance parking lot safety management, the system records the process of vehicles leaving the parking lot as an event log, including the vehicle identification V ID , gate opening timestamp T open , and the gate closing timestamp T close .

[0068] Optionally, the S7 specifically includes:

[0069] S71. Provide a remote management interface for parking lot managers. This interface displays the parking lot's operational status in real time via a secure network connection, including current parking space occupancy, vehicle flow statistics, revenue status, and system alarm information.

[0070] S72. Parking lot managers can adjust parking lot operation strategies through the remote management interface, including modifying charging standards. rate , set charging strategies for special events and update parking lot opening hours;

[0071] S73, the remote management interface allows managers to view and export operational data reports in real time. The reports include statistical analysis of key operational indicators (KPIs), including daily average traffic volume (V) daily , average parking time T avg , and the total revenue total ;

[0072] S74. The system provides real-time alarm function. When an abnormal situation occurs in the parking lot, the system will automatically send an alarm message to the manager. The alarm information includes the alarm type, time stamp T alert and a brief description.

[0073] An unmanned parking lot management system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that the system includes:

[0074] Cameras and RFID readers are installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot to monitor and identify the status of vehicles entering and leaving the lot, as well as their RFID tags, in real time. The cameras capture images of parking spaces to monitor occupancy, while the RFID readers automatically identify vehicles entering and leaving the lot.

[0075] The IoT communication module connects the camera devices and RFID readers, collects monitoring data and identification information, and transmits this data to the central management system in real time via the wireless network;

[0076] The central management system receives and processes data from the IoT communication module, performs core functions such as parking space status updates, vehicle entry and exit management, parking fee calculation, and payment processing. The system includes a data processing unit, a database, a payment processing module, and a gate control unit.

[0077] The user interface is provided to parking lot managers and car owners. It displays parking space information and charging information in real time through a secure network connection and provides a payment interface. The manager interface also allows for parking lot management and configuration settings.

[0078] Geomagnetic or photoelectric sensors are installed at each parking space and exit to detect whether the parking space is occupied and whether the vehicle has left the parking lot, further improving the accuracy and response speed of the system;

[0079] A remote management interface is provided for parking lot managers, including operation status display, operation strategy adjustment, operation data report viewing, real-time alarm function, and IoT device configuration and maintenance functions;

[0080] The security module is responsible for processing the encryption of all data and the verification of user identities to ensure the security of data transmission and the authorization of system access.

[0081] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0082] (1) The present invention realizes real-time monitoring and management of parking spaces in parking lots through the comprehensive application of Internet of Things technology, image recognition, automatic control and data analysis technology, enabling drivers to find vacant parking spaces quickly and accurately, significantly improving the efficiency of finding parking spaces, thereby reducing traffic congestion in parking lots and the time users spend looking for their cars.

[0083] (2) This invention significantly reduces parking lot labor costs and improves parking lot efficiency by automating the vehicle entry and exit process, including vehicle identification, automatic billing, and gate control. This automation not only reduces human error but also improves the user's parking experience.

[0084] (3) The present invention supports remote management and operation of parking lots, allowing parking lot managers to monitor and adjust the operation status of parking lots in real time without location restrictions, including adjusting charging standards, setting charging strategies for special events, etc., thereby enhancing the operational flexibility and responsiveness of parking lots.

[0085] (4) By analyzing collected parking lot operation data, this invention provides data support for parking lot management decisions, helps optimize parking lot layout and operation strategies, and improves parking lot operational efficiency and profitability. This data-driven operational optimization enables parking lots to better meet user needs while improving the overall service quality of parking lots.

[0086] (5) This invention integrates multiple security and privacy protection technologies to effectively protect users’ personal information and transaction security, and build user trust in the parking system. This includes data encryption, access control, and anti-tampering technologies, ensuring the security of parking transactions and the confidentiality of parking data, reducing the risk of data leakage and unauthorized access. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0088] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of an unmanned parking lot management system based on the Internet of Things proposed by the present invention;

[0089] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the layout of camera equipment and RFID readers at the entrance and exit of the parking lot in the present invention;

[0090] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the central management system processing process in the present invention, including parking space monitoring, vehicle identification, automatic billing and gate control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic diagrams that illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner.

[0092] refer to Figure 1-Figure 3, an unmanned parking lot management system and method based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:

[0093] S1. Use cameras installed in the parking lot to monitor the occupancy status of each parking space in real time;

[0094] In this embodiment, S1 specifically includes:

[0095] S11. Install at least one camera device near each parking space to capture image information of the parking space;

[0096] S12, using an image recognition algorithm to process the captured image information, wherein the image recognition algorithm includes a vehicle detection module for identifying whether there is a vehicle in the image, and the vehicle detection module calculates the vehicle feature vector V in the image and compares it with a known vehicle feature vector library V lib The similarity S between the two determines whether the parking space is occupied. The calculation of the vehicle feature vector V is based on the vehicle's outline, size and color features:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, V represents the vehicle feature vector extracted from the current image, V lib represents the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and S is the cosine similarity between the two vectors;

[0099] S13. Define the condition for the existence of a vehicle as the similarity S exceeding a preset threshold T:

[0100] S ≥ T;

[0101] Where S is the cosine similarity between the vehicle feature vector extracted from the image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and T is the similarity threshold used to determine whether the parking space is occupied. When the similarity S is greater than or equal to the threshold T, the parking space is considered occupied, otherwise it is considered vacant.

[0102] S14. The specific feature V is calculated based on the geometric shape, size, and color features of the vehicle in the image and converted into a feature vector using a feature extraction algorithm. The similarity threshold T is determined by analyzing the similarity distribution between vehicle images in the historical dataset and images of known vacant parking spaces to ensure that vacant and occupied parking spaces can be effectively distinguished:

[0103] V = f(geometry, size, color);

[0104]

[0105] Where f represents the feature extraction function, which converts the vehicle's geometry, size, and color into a feature vector V, N represents the total number of historical vehicle images considered when determining the threshold, and S i is the similarity between the i-th historical vehicle image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library. α is an adjustment coefficient that adjusts the looseness and strictness of the threshold according to actual detection needs. σ(S) represents the standard deviation of the similarity S, which represents the variability of the similarity distribution.

[0106] S2. Update the monitored parking space occupancy information to the central management system database in real time through the Internet of Things communication technology;

[0107] In this embodiment, S2 specifically includes:

[0108] S21, encode the parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data captured by the camera equipment and RFID technology into data packets, where each data packet contains the parking space identification ID, parking space status S status , timestamp T and vehicle identification V ID , where the parking space ID uniquely corresponds to each parking space, and the parking space status S status Indicates whether the parking space is free or occupied, the timestamp T records the specific time when the information is captured, and the vehicle identifier V ID A unique number to identify the vehicle;

[0109] S22. Using IoT communication technology, the encoded data packets are transmitted to the central management system database in real time, enabling instant updates of parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data;

[0110] S23. The central management system database updates parking space status information and vehicle entry and exit records based on the received data packets, including data insertion, update, and query, to support the provision of real-time parking space information and analysis of historical data;

[0111] S24. The central management system uses the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model to perform time series analysis on parking space status changes and vehicle flow data. Based on the timestamp T of parking space status and vehicle entry and exit data, it provides accurate predictions of parking space occupancy trends and vehicle flow:

[0112]

[0113] Among them, C t represents the number of occupied parking spaces and vehicle flow at time point t, α is the constant term of the model, representing the baseline parking space occupancy and vehicle flow, p and q represent the order of the autoregressive part AR and the moving average part MA, respectively, β i is the coefficient of the autoregressive part, indicating the impact of the number of parking spaces occupied and traffic flow at the past i time points on the current time point t, γj is the coefficient of the moving average part, which represents the adjustment of the prediction error of the past j time points to the current time point t, ∈ t is a random error term, reflecting the unpredicted changes in parking space occupancy and traffic volume at the current time point.

[0114] S3. The central management system analyzes and processes parking space occupancy data and provides real-time feedback of available parking space information to the user interface, allowing users to view and select available parking spaces in real time.

[0115] In this embodiment, S3 specifically includes:

[0116] S31, the central management system analyzes and processes the received parking space status data packets, and uses data aggregation and filtering algorithms to classify parking spaces into two categories: "free" and "occupied". The data aggregation algorithm integrates multiple status records of the same parking space according to the parking space ID and timestamp T, and the filtering algorithm classifies the parking space status S according to the parking space status S. status Filter out currently available parking spaces;

[0117] S32. Apply real-time data stream processing technology. The central management system receives and processes parking space status data packets in real time. It uses a sliding window algorithm to count parking space occupancy within a specific time period and calculate the total number of currently available parking spaces N. available and the total number of occupied parking spaces N occupied :

[0118] N available (t) = N total -N occupied (t);

[0119]

[0120] Among them, N total Represents the total number of parking spaces in the parking lot, N available and N occupied (t) represent the number of free and occupied parking spaces at time point t, S status,i (t) is the status of the i-th parking space at time t, with a value of 1 for occupied and 0 for free. W is the sliding window size, which represents the number of parking space status packets within the time window considered when calculating the number of currently occupied parking spaces.

[0121] S33, updating the vacant parking space information in real time on the user interface in the form of a graphical interface, including a map, a list, and an icon representation, so that the user can intuitively identify and select the vacant parking space;

[0122] S34, in order to improve the user experience, the central management system will also use the geographical location information L of the parking space and the user's current location P userCalculate the recommended free parking spaces based on the distance priority principle, that is, minimize the distance D from the user to the free parking space min :

[0123]

[0124] Among them, L x and L y Represent the geographical coordinates of the parking space, P user,x and P user,y Respectively represent the coordinates of the user's current location;

[0125] S35. The central management system sends the calculated recommended parking space information to the user interface, providing detailed information including distance, estimated arrival time, and navigation route, so that the user can easily find and go to the recommended vacant parking space.

[0126] S4. Use RFID technology to identify vehicles, automatically identify vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot, and record the vehicle entry and exit times;

[0127] In this embodiment, S4 specifically includes:

[0128] S41. Automatically identify the RFID tags of vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot through RFID readers installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot, where each vehicle's RFID tag stores unique vehicle identification information V ID ;

[0129] S42: When a vehicle enters the parking lot, the RFID reader captures the vehicle's RFID tag information and stores the information together with the entry timestamp T in Sent together to the central management system, where the entry timestamp T in Record the exact time a vehicle enters the parking lot;

[0130] S43: When the vehicle is about to leave the parking lot, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag information of the vehicle again and sets the departure timestamp T out Sent to the central management system, where the departure timestamp is T out Record the exact time a vehicle leaves the parking lot;

[0131] S44, the central management system calculates the vehicle's entry time stamp T in and exit timestamp T out Calculate the total time ΔT that the vehicle stays in the parking lot:

[0132] ΔT=T out -T in .

[0133] S5. Automatically calculating parking fees based on the time the vehicle stays in the parking lot, and providing an option to pay the parking fee through the user interface;

[0134] In this embodiment, S5 specifically includes:

[0135] S51. When a vehicle passes through an exit RFID reader, the central management system automatically receives a signal indicating that the vehicle has left the parking lot and triggers a parking fee calculation process based on the signal.

[0136] S52: Based on the total stay time (ΔT) of the vehicle in the parking lot, the time is calculated by calculating the time stamps T of the vehicle entering and leaving the parking lot. in and T out Difference obtained;

[0137] S53, according to the hourly parking rate C set by the parking lot rate , calculate the total parking cost F:

[0138] F=ΔT×C rate ;

[0139] Where ΔT is in hours;

[0140] S54. After the parking fee calculation is completed, the central management system pushes the fee details and payment options to the car owner's mobile terminal and parking lot payment terminal in real time, supporting various electronic payment methods. After the payment is completed, the system automatically records the payment details, including the payment amount, payment time and payment method.

[0141] S6. After the vehicle has paid the parking fee, the gate at the controlled exit automatically opens, allowing the vehicle to leave the parking lot;

[0142] In this embodiment, S6 specifically includes:

[0143] S61. After receiving the confirmation information that the vehicle has completed payment, the central management system automatically sends an opening instruction to the exit gate control system to allow the vehicle to leave;

[0144] S62: After receiving the opening instruction, the gate control system immediately executes the gate opening operation and records the gate opening timestamp T. open ;

[0145] S63: To ensure the smooth exit of the vehicle, the gate remains open until the vehicle passes through the exit. After the geomagnetic and photoelectric sensors at the exit detect the vehicle leaving, a vehicle exit signal is sent. exit to the central management system;

[0146] S64, the central management system receives the vehicle has left the signal Signal exitAfter that, the gate control system is instructed to close the gate and the gate closing timestamp T is recorded. close ;

[0147] S65. To enhance parking lot safety management, the system records the process of vehicles leaving the parking lot as an event log, including the vehicle identification V ID , gate opening timestamp T open , and the gate closing timestamp T close .

[0148] S7. Provide parking lot managers with a remote management interface to monitor and adjust the parking lot's operational status in real time via the Internet, including parking space occupancy, vehicle flow, and revenue.

[0149] In this embodiment, S7 specifically includes:

[0150] S71. Provide a remote management interface for parking lot managers. This interface displays the parking lot's operational status in real time via a secure network connection, including current parking space occupancy, vehicle flow statistics, revenue status, and system alarm information.

[0151] S72. Parking lot managers can adjust parking lot operation strategies through the remote management interface, including modifying charging standards. rate , set charging strategies for special events and update parking lot opening hours;

[0152] S73, the remote management interface allows managers to view and export operational data reports in real time. The reports include statistical analysis of key operational indicators (KPIs), including daily average traffic volume (V) daily , average parking time T avg , and the total revenue total ;

[0153] S74. The system provides real-time alarm function. When an abnormal situation occurs in the parking lot, the system will automatically send an alarm message to the manager. The alarm information includes the alarm type, time stamp T alert and a brief description.

[0154] An unmanned parking lot management system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that the system includes:

[0155] Cameras and RFID readers are installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot to monitor and identify the status of vehicles entering and leaving the lot, as well as their RFID tags, in real time. The cameras capture images of parking spaces to monitor occupancy, while the RFID readers automatically identify vehicles entering and leaving the lot.

[0156] The IoT communication module connects the camera devices and RFID readers, collects monitoring data and identification information, and transmits this data to the central management system in real time via the wireless network;

[0157] The central management system receives and processes data from the IoT communication module, performs core functions such as parking space status updates, vehicle entry and exit management, parking fee calculation, and payment processing. The system includes a data processing unit, a database, a payment processing module, and a gate control unit.

[0158] The user interface is provided to parking lot managers and car owners. It displays parking space information and charging information in real time through a secure network connection and provides a payment interface. The manager interface also allows for parking lot management and configuration settings.

[0159] Geomagnetic or photoelectric sensors are installed at each parking space and exit to detect whether the parking space is occupied and whether the vehicle has left the parking lot, further improving the accuracy and response speed of the system;

[0160] A remote management interface is provided for parking lot managers, including operation status display, operation strategy adjustment, operation data report viewing, real-time alarm function, and IoT device configuration and maintenance functions;

[0161] The security module is responsible for processing the encryption of all data and the verification of user identities to ensure the security of data transmission and the authorization of system access.

[0162] Example 1:

[0163] To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this invention, it was applied to the parking lot of a large shopping mall located in the city's commercial center. Due to its prime location, the mall attracts a large number of customers and visitors daily. However, due to inefficient parking lot management, severe traffic congestion and parking difficulties frequently occur, especially on weekends and holidays. The parking lot management team urgently needed an intelligent solution to improve operational efficiency and enhance the customer parking experience.

[0164] In this scenario, the present invention installs cameras and RFID readers at parking lot entrances and exits, as well as above each parking space, to monitor parking space occupancy and vehicle entry and exit status in real time. An IoT communication module collects data from these devices and transmits it to a central management system in real time. Based on this data, the central management system automatically updates parking space occupancy information and displays current parking vacancies to customers through a user interface. The system also automatically handles vehicle entry and exit processes, including vehicle identification, automatic billing, and gate control, enabling unmanned parking lot management.

[0165] To quantify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the shopping center's parking management team collected and analyzed actual operational data for three months before and after the implementation of the present invention. The specific data is shown in Table 1 below:

[0166] Table 1: Comparison of parking lot operation data before and after deployment of the present invention

[0167]

[0168] As can be seen in Table 1 above, the present invention, in its embodiments, successfully addresses the issues of inefficient parking lot management and poor customer parking experience. Real-time parking space monitoring and automated vehicle management processes significantly improve parking lot utilization and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, remote management and data analysis capabilities make parking lot operations more flexible and efficient, while enhanced security and privacy protections foster greater trust in parking lots and customers. In summary, the present invention provides an intelligent, efficient, secure, and stable solution for parking lot management in modern cities.

[0169] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Monitor the occupancy status of each parking space in real time through the camera equipment installed in the parking lot; S2, updating the monitored parking space occupancy information to the central management system database in real time through the Internet of Things communication technology; S3. Analyze and process parking space occupancy data through the central management system, and feed back the free parking space information to the user interface in real time, so that users can view and select free parking spaces in real time; S4. Use RFID technology to identify vehicles, automatically identify vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot, and record the vehicle entry and exit time; S5. Automatically calculate the parking fee according to the time the vehicle stays in the parking lot, and provide an option to pay the parking fee through the user interface; S6. After the vehicle has paid the parking fee, the gate at the controlled exit automatically opens, allowing the vehicle to leave the parking lot; S7. Provide a remote management interface for parking lot managers to monitor and adjust the operation status of the parking lot in real time through the Internet, including parking space occupancy, vehicle flow and revenue.

2. According to the method for managing an unattended parking lot based on the Internet of Things in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: S11, installing at least one camera device near each parking space to capture image information of the parking space; S12, using an image recognition algorithm to process the captured image information, wherein the image recognition algorithm includes a vehicle detection module for identifying whether there is a vehicle in the image, and the vehicle detection module calculates the vehicle feature vector V in the image and compares it with a known vehicle feature vector library V lib The similarity S between the two determines whether the parking space is occupied. The calculation of the vehicle feature vector V is based on the contour, size and color features of the vehicle: Among them, V represents the vehicle feature vector extracted from the current image, V lib represents the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and S is the cosine similarity between the two vectors; S13. Define the condition for the existence of a vehicle as the similarity S exceeding a preset threshold T: S ≥ T; Among them, S is the cosine similarity between the vehicle feature vector extracted from the image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library, and T is the similarity threshold used to determine whether the parking space is occupied. When the similarity S is greater than or equal to the threshold T, the parking space is considered to be occupied, otherwise the parking space is considered to be vacant; S14. The calculation of the specific feature V is based on the geometric shape, size and color features of the vehicle in the image, which are converted into a feature vector using a feature extraction algorithm. The similarity threshold T is determined by analyzing the similarity distribution between the vehicle images in the historical data set and the known vacant parking space images to ensure that the vacant and occupied parking spaces can be effectively distinguished: V = f(geometry, size, color); Where f represents the feature extraction function, which converts the vehicle's geometry, size, and color into a feature vector V, N represents the total number of historical vehicle images considered when determining the threshold, and S i is the similarity between the i-th historical vehicle image and the vector in the vehicle feature vector library. α is an adjustment coefficient, which adjusts the looseness and strictness of the threshold according to the actual detection needs. σ(S) represents the standard deviation of the similarity S, which represents the variability of the similarity distribution.

3. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21, encode the parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data captured by the camera equipment and RFID technology into data packets, where each data packet contains the parking space identification ID, the parking space status S status , timestamp T and vehicle identification V ID , where the parking space ID uniquely corresponds to each parking space, and the parking space status S status Indicates whether the parking space is free or occupied, the timestamp T records the specific time when the information is captured, and the vehicle identifier V ID A unique number to identify the vehicle; S22. Through the Internet of Things communication technology, the encoded data packets are transmitted to the central management system database in real time, so that the parking space occupancy information and vehicle entry and exit data are updated instantly; S23, the central management system database updates the parking space status information and vehicle entry and exit records according to the received data packets, including data insertion, update and query, to support the provision of real-time parking space information and analysis of historical data; S24. The central management system uses the autoregressive moving average ARMA model to perform time series analysis on parking space status changes and vehicle flow data. Based on the timestamp T of parking space status and vehicle entry and exit data, it provides accurate predictions of parking space occupancy trends and vehicle flow: Among them, C t represents the number of occupied parking spaces and vehicle flow at time point t, α is the constant term of the model, representing the baseline parking space occupancy and vehicle flow, p and q represent the order of the autoregressive part AR and the moving average part MA, respectively, β i is the coefficient of the autoregressive part, indicating the impact of the number of parking spaces occupied and traffic flow at the past i time points on the current time point t, γ j is the coefficient of the moving average part, which represents the adjustment of the prediction error of the past j time points to the current time point t, ∈ t is a random error term, reflecting the unpredicted changes in parking space occupancy and vehicle flow at the current time point.

4. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31, the central management system analyzes and processes the received parking space status data packets, and uses data aggregation and filtering algorithms to classify parking spaces into two categories: "free" and "occupied". The data aggregation algorithm integrates multiple status records of the same parking space according to the parking space ID and timestamp T, and the filtering algorithm classifies the parking space status S according to the parking space status S. status Filter out currently available parking spaces; S32. Apply real-time data stream processing technology. The central management system receives and processes parking space status data packets in real time, uses a sliding window algorithm to count the parking space occupancy within a specific time period, and calculates the total number of currently available parking spaces N. available and the total number of occupied parking spaces N occupied : N available (t)=N total -N occupied (t); Among them, N total Represents the total number of parking spaces in the parking lot, N available (t) and N occupied (t) represent the number of free and occupied parking spaces at time point t, S status,i (t) is the status of the i-th parking space at time point t, with a value of 1 for occupied and 0 for free. W is the sliding window size, which indicates the number of parking space status packets within the time window considered when calculating the number of currently occupied parking spaces. S33, updating the free parking space information in real time on the user interface in the form of a graphical interface, including a map, a list, and an icon representation, so that the user can intuitively identify and select the free parking space; S34. To improve the user experience, the central management system will also use the geographical location information L of the parking space and the user's current location P user Calculate the recommended free parking spaces based on the distance priority principle, that is, minimize the distance D from the user to the free parking space min : Among them, L x and L y Represent the geographical coordinates of the parking space, P user,x and P user,y Respectively represent the coordinates of the user's current location; S35. The central management system sends the calculated recommended parking space information to the user interface, providing detailed information including distance, estimated arrival time, and navigation route, so that the user can easily find and go to the recommended vacant parking space.

5. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: S41, automatically identifying the RFID tags of vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot through RFID readers installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot, wherein the RFID tag of each vehicle stores unique vehicle identification information V ID ; S42: When a vehicle enters the parking lot, the RFID reader captures the vehicle's RFID tag information and sends the information together with the entry timestamp T in sent to the central management system together, with the entry timestamp T in Record the exact time a vehicle enters a parking lot; S43: When the vehicle is about to leave the parking lot, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag information of the vehicle again and sets the departure timestamp T out Sent to the central management system, with the departure timestamp T out Record the exact time the vehicle leaves the parking lot; S44, the central management system calculates the vehicle's entry time stamp T in and exit timestamp T out Calculate the total time ΔT that the vehicle stays in the parking lot: ΔT=T out -T in 。 6. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: S51, when the vehicle passes through the exit RFID reader, the central management system automatically receives a signal indicating that the vehicle has left the parking lot, and triggers a parking fee calculation process based on the signal; S52, based on the total stay time (ΔT) of the vehicle in the parking lot, the time is calculated by calculating the time stamps T of the vehicle entering and leaving the parking lot in and T out Difference obtained; S53, according to the hourly parking rate C set by the parking lot rate , calculate the total parking cost F: F=ΔT×C rate ; Where ΔT is in hours; S54. After the parking fee calculation is completed, the central management system will push the fee details and payment options to the car owner's mobile terminal and parking lot payment terminal in real time, supporting various electronic payment methods. After the payment is completed, the system will automatically record the payment details, including the payment amount, payment time and payment method.

7. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S6 specifically includes: S61. After receiving the confirmation information that the vehicle has completed payment, the central management system automatically sends an opening instruction to the exit gate control system to allow the vehicle to leave; S62: After receiving the opening command, the gate control system immediately executes the gate opening operation and records the gate opening timestamp T. open ; S63: To ensure the vehicle leaves smoothly, the gate remains open until the vehicle passes through the exit. After the geomagnetic and photoelectric sensors at the exit detect that the vehicle has left, a vehicle exit signal is sent. exit to the central management system; S64, the central management system receives the vehicle has left the signal exit After that, the gate control system is instructed to close the gate and the gate closing timestamp T is recorded. close ; S65. To enhance parking lot safety management, the system records the process of vehicle departure as an event log, including the vehicle identification V ID , gate opening timestamp T open , and the gate closing timestamp T close .

8. The unattended parking lot management method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S7 specifically includes: S71. Provide a remote management interface for parking lot managers, which displays the operation status of the parking lot in real time through a secure network connection, including current parking space occupancy, vehicle flow statistics, income status, and system alarm information; S72. Parking lot managers can adjust the parking lot operation strategy through the remote management interface, including modifying the charging standards C rate , set charging strategies for special events and update parking lot opening hours; S73, the remote management interface allows managers to view and export operational data reports in real time. The reports contain statistical analysis of key operational indicators KPIs, including daily average vehicle flow V daily , average parking time T avg , and the total revenue total ; S74. The system provides real-time alarm function. When an abnormal situation occurs in the parking lot, the system will automatically send an alarm message to the manager. The alarm information includes the alarm type, timestamp T alert and a brief description.

9. An unattended parking lot management system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The system includes: Camera equipment and RFID readers are installed at the entrance and exit of the parking lot to monitor and identify the status of vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot and the RFID tag information of the vehicles in real time. The camera equipment is responsible for capturing parking space image information to monitor the parking space occupancy status, and the RFID reader is used to automatically identify the entry and exit of vehicles; The IoT communication module connects the camera devices and RFID readers, collects monitoring data and identification information, and transmits this data to the central management system in real time via the wireless network; The central management system receives and processes data from the IoT communication module, performs parking space status update, vehicle entry and exit management, parking fee calculation and payment processing core functions, and includes a data processing unit, a database, a payment processing module and a gate control unit; User interface, provided to parking lot managers and car owners, which displays parking space information and charging information in real time through a secure network connection and provides a payment interface. The manager interface also allows parking lot management and configuration settings; Geomagnetic or photoelectric sensors, installed at each parking space and exit, are used to detect whether the parking space is occupied and whether the vehicle has left the parking lot, further improving the accuracy and response speed of the system; Remote management interface, provided for parking lot managers, including operation status display, operation strategy adjustment, operation data report viewing, real-time alarm function and IoT device configuration and maintenance function; The security module is responsible for processing the encryption of all data and the verification of user identities, ensuring the security of data transmission and the authorization of system access.

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