Method and system for evaluating photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate regions

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and discloses a method and system for evaluating different types of roof photovoltaic installation potentials in different climate regions, and the method comprises the steps: shooting different types of aerial images, including orthographic top views and horizontal side views, of buildings with installed roof photovoltaic in different climate regions by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and combining a roof / photovoltaic identification model to identify the installation potential of different types of roof photovoltaic in different climate regions; and the roof area and the photovoltaic area of each building in the image are counted, and the quotient of the photovoltaic area and the roof area is a roof available coefficient, so that the roof available coefficients of different types of buildings in different climate regions are summarized. The coefficient is closer to an actual value and is more comprehensive and practical compared with 100% utilization or 3D shadow analysis, and in an existing simple coefficient multiplication method, the value of the coefficient is not perfect and scientific. Recognizing the building roof area in the region by combining a roof recognition model; and determining functional attributes of the house building according to the POI data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular relates to a method and a system for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate zones. Background Art

[0002] Climate change poses a global challenge. With the rapid increase in carbon dioxide emissions around the world, greenhouse gases have increased dramatically, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem. Adjusting the energy system is a core measure to promote carbon neutrality. Key steps include reducing dependence on fossil fuels and increasing the development of new and renewable energy. Wind power and solar photovoltaics are widely adopted renewable energy technologies around the world. Photovoltaic power generation technology can be divided into two modes: centralized and distributed. The application of centralized photovoltaics in China is relatively mature. Despite this, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems are still in the early stages of development, and the potential energy on many building roofs has not been fully utilized.

[0003] There are many factors that affect the potential of rooftop photovoltaic installation, such as roof type, building type, climate zone, photovoltaic installation tilt angle, etc. Therefore, when studying rooftop photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to distinguish between roofs of different climate zones and different types of buildings.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0005] Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems are still in the early stages of development, and the energy potential of many building roofs has not yet been fully utilized. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on different types of rooftops in different climate zones comprises:

[0008] Step 1: Use drones to take aerial images of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types of buildings;

[0009] Step 2: Combine the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and types;

[0010] Step 3, combining the roof recognition model to identify the roof area of ​​the building in the area to be requested; determining the functional attributes of the building according to the POI information, thereby determining the type of the building; when identifying the roof area of ​​the building, using a large number of sample sets or identifying whether the building has a ridge line to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof;

[0011] Step 4, calculating the actual area of ​​the area to be requested for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof availability coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas;

[0012] Step 5: Calculate the installed capacity of rooftops in the area to be determined and evaluate the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation.

[0013] Further: In step 1, it is necessary to collect orthographic top view and horizontal side view, which requires the drone to fly at different altitudes and angles to obtain the required images; the flight route and time need to be planned according to different climate zones and building types to ensure that all types of buildings can be covered and data can be obtained under different weather conditions;

[0014] Further: in step 2, aerial images and POI data of buildings with installed rooftop photovoltaics are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the target area belongs, the building use type of each of the individual buildings in the target area is determined, and the roof information of each individual building in the aerial image of the target area is identified; based on the roof information of each of the individual buildings, the roof area and photovoltaic area of ​​each of the individual buildings are determined, and the roof availability coefficients of buildings of different climate zones and types are summarized;

[0015] Further: in step 3, the aerial image and POI data of the area to be requested are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the area to be requested belongs, the roof information of each of the individual buildings in the aerial image of the area to be requested is input into a pre-trained multi-scale depth recognition model, and each of the individual buildings in the area to be requested is identified by the multi-scale depth recognition model, and the roof type and roof construction area of ​​each of the individual buildings are analyzed;

[0016] The roof types include flat roofs and pitched roofs, and the building types include residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings, and industrial buildings. The total available area of ​​the target area is calculated based on the roof area of ​​each of the individual buildings and the building use type, including:

[0017] For each of the building use types, respectively, the roof areas of the individual buildings of the same building type among the individual buildings belonging to the building use type are accumulated to obtain the total area corresponding to the roofs of the building use type;

[0018] Sum the total photovoltaic areas corresponding to the roof types under the building use type to obtain the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type;

[0019] Divide the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type by the total area corresponding to each of the roofs under the building use type to obtain the building roof availability coefficient corresponding to the building use type;

[0020] When identifying the roof area of ​​a building, a large number of sample sets are used or the presence of a ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 5, when determining the optimal installation inclination angle of the flat roof, the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels at each latitude is fitted as a quadratic function with a fitting degree of 0.993; the formula is as follows:

[0022] β=-0.0049Ф2+1.0888Ф

[0023] Where β represents the optimal tilt angle; Ф represents the latitude of the study area.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 5, the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined is calculated. According to different roof types and areas, the utilization coefficients of different types of building roofs summarized in step 2, and the climate zone in which they are located, the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined is calculated based on the optimal installation inclination angle of flat roofs and the angle of sloping roofs.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for evaluating the potential of photovoltaic installations on rooftops of different types in different climate zones, comprising:

[0026] A shooting module is used to use drones to take aerial images of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types of buildings;

[0027] The statistical module is used to combine the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; and summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and types;

[0028] The recognition module is used to identify the roof area of ​​the building in the required area by combining with the roof recognition model; determine the functional attributes of the building according to the POI information, so as to determine the type of the building; when identifying the roof area of ​​the building, a large number of sample sets are used or the ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof;

[0029] A calculation module, used for calculating the actual area of ​​the required area for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof utilization coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas;

[0030] The evaluation module is used to calculate the rooftop installed capacity in the area to be requested and then evaluate the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations of different types of roofs in different climate zones.

[0032] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to perform the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on different types of rooftops in different climate zones.

[0033] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the system for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones.

[0034] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0035] First, the present invention discloses a method for evaluating the installation potential of rooftop photovoltaics of different types in different climate zones by using aerial images. The method uses aerial images of buildings with installed rooftop photovoltaics taken by drones, combined with a roof recognition model, and comprehensively considers factors such as different climate zones and different types of buildings. The utilization coefficients of roofs of buildings in different climate zones and different types are summarized, forming a complete process for calculating the installation potential of rooftop photovoltaics. This overcomes the problem of deviation in the analysis of the installation potential of rooftop photovoltaics caused by simply considering 100% utilization of the roof or 3D shadow analysis in the past, and is helpful to comprehensively and accurately calculate the installation potential of rooftop photovoltaics in the area to be determined, and expand the application of drone aerial photography in low-carbon city construction and other fields.

[0036] This patent proposes a method for evaluating the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installations of different types in different climate zones using aerial images. This method uses drones to take aerial images (including orthographic top views and horizontal side views) of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed of different types in different climate zones, and counts the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof availability coefficient (the quotient of the two), and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image, thereby summarizing the roof availability coefficients of buildings of different climate zones and types. Combined with roof recognition models such as u-net, deeplabv3+, etc., the roof area of ​​buildings in the area is identified; combined with POI information, the category of the building is determined. According to different roof types and areas, roof availability coefficients, building types, and climate zones, based on the optimal installation inclination angle of flat roofs and the angle of sloping roofs, the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installations in the area to be determined is calculated.

[0037] Second, the expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of the present invention after transformation are: the present invention can efficiently evaluate the potential of rooftop photovoltaic installation, reduce the cost of manual survey, improve the accuracy of photovoltaic system design, and help enterprises optimize resource allocation. Commercially, this means reducing investment risks, improving the economic benefits and market competitiveness of photovoltaic projects, and promoting the development of green energy. The technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad: At present, the evaluation methods for photovoltaic installation potential in different climate zones and roof types are mostly empirical or limited to specific areas. The present invention combines drone aerial photography, image recognition and climate data to provide a comprehensive and systematic evaluation solution, filling the gap in the field of comprehensive evaluation of different climates and roof types in the existing technology. The technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problems that people have been eager to solve but have never succeeded: traditional photovoltaic installation evaluation usually relies on manual surveys or simplified models, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as climate and roof type. The present invention uses drone images and advanced recognition technology to accurately calculate the potential of rooftop photovoltaic installation, solving the problem that traditional methods cannot comprehensively consider multiple variables.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention overcomes technical bias: Many existing technologies are biased in assessing the potential of photovoltaic installations, and usually ignore the impact of climate and roof diversity on photovoltaic efficiency. The present invention overcomes this limitation by combining actual climate data and detailed roof characteristics, providing a more scientific assessment method.

[0039] Third, the technical solution of the present invention solves several key problems in the prior art in industrial applications and has achieved significant technical progress, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0040] 1. Solved the problem of inaccurate assessment of rooftop photovoltaic installation potential

[0041] In the prior art, there is a lack of unified standards for the evaluation of rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in different climate zones and different types of buildings. It often relies on manual measurement or estimation of a single climate condition, resulting in insufficient accuracy. The present invention automatically collects rooftop data by combining drone aerial photography technology and image recognition algorithms, and uses rooftop recognition models and photovoltaic recognition models for high-precision analysis to ensure that the evaluation results are more comprehensive and accurate. This technological advancement greatly reduces the errors caused by manual operations and improves evaluation efficiency.

[0042] 2. Improved the adaptability of different building types

[0043] Traditional photovoltaic installation assessment methods are difficult to fully apply to different types of buildings, especially complex sloping roofs or irregular roofs. The present invention introduces a roof recognition model based on a large number of sample training, which can effectively identify various types of buildings such as flat roofs and sloping roofs, and accurately calculate the roof availability coefficient and photovoltaic installation area. This technological advancement greatly enhances the adaptability of the system under different building types and complex roof structures, making photovoltaic installation assessment more widely covered.

[0044] 3. Automated evaluation improves efficiency and accuracy

[0045] The present invention significantly improves the efficiency of data collection and analysis through drone aerial photography and automated data processing technology. Traditional methods usually rely on manual measurement and estimation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and has limited accuracy. The drone and image recognition technology used in the present invention not only quickly obtains a large amount of building roof information, but also automatically identifies building functions and classifications in combination with POI information, and generates accurate photovoltaic installation potential assessment results through calculation models. This automated process not only reduces labor costs, but also significantly improves the speed and accuracy of the assessment.

[0046] 4. Consider PV installation optimization in multiple climate zones

[0047] The existing technology often ignores the impact of different lighting conditions in different climate zones on the potential of photovoltaic installations, resulting in unreasonable installation planning. The present invention combines the building types and lighting conditions in different climate zones to specifically calculate the roof availability coefficient and photovoltaic panel installation angle to ensure the maximum efficiency of the photovoltaic system. This technological advancement optimizes photovoltaic installation planning, making the design of photovoltaic systems in different climate zones more scientific and reasonable, and improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0048] The present invention solves the technical problems of low accuracy, low efficiency and insufficient adaptability to building types in traditional photovoltaic installation potential assessment through advanced drone technology, image recognition algorithms and automated data processing, achieving significant technological progress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the system structure for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 The present invention provides a flowchart for calculating the roof availability coefficient.

[0052] Figure 4It is a flow chart for calculating the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0055] S101, using drones to capture aerial images of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types;

[0056] S102, combining the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model, calculating the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; summarizing the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and different types;

[0057] S103, combining the roof recognition model, identifying the roof area of ​​the building in the area to be requested; determining the functional attributes of the building according to the POI information, thereby determining the type of the building; when identifying the roof area of ​​the building, using a large number of sample sets or identifying whether the building has a ridge line to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof;

[0058] S104, calculating the actual area of ​​the required area for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof availability coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas;

[0059] S105, calculating the rooftop installed capacity in the area to be determined and then evaluating the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential.

[0060] The method for evaluating the potential of different types of rooftop photovoltaic installations in different climate zones provided by the embodiment of the present invention involves multiple signal data processing links. The following is the detailed signal data processing process of each step in the method:

[0061] 1.S101: Data processing of drone images

[0062] First of all, the aerial image data taken by the drone flight system is the basis of the system. The drone uses a high-resolution camera to obtain roof images of different types of buildings in different climate zones. The image data is transmitted to the ground data center via wireless signals, and the data is stored in the form of high-resolution images or videos at the receiving end. The images collected by the drone will contain detailed roof structure and surrounding environment data of various buildings, providing a basis for subsequent image processing.

[0063] 2.S102: Data processing of roof identification model and photovoltaic identification model

[0064] The acquired aerial images are analyzed by image recognition technology, and the system combines the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to process each building in the image. The image processing algorithm identifies the roof area, photovoltaic installation area, roof utilization coefficient and photovoltaic panel installation inclination angle of the building through feature extraction and classification. Signal data processing involves analyzing a large number of image feature points, such as color, texture, edge, etc. The roof recognition model automatically segments and annotates the roof shape and area in the image through an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), while the photovoltaic recognition model extracts the corresponding area by matching the photovoltaic panel features and calculates the photovoltaic area and installation angle. These data will be stored in the database to form statistical information, which is used to summarize the roof utilization coefficients of different climate zones and building types.

[0065] 3.S103: Data processing for identification and classification of roof areas of buildings in the area to be determined

[0066] In this step, the system needs to process the building image data of the area to be requested, and combine the POI (Point of Interest) information to identify the functional attributes of the building (such as residential, commercial building, etc.), so as to determine the building category. The roof recognition model is applied to the images of this area. The processing process relies on a large number of sample sets for training, and can accurately identify the edge and area of ​​the roof. At the same time, the algorithm for identifying whether there is a ridge line on the building is used to determine whether the building has a sloping roof. Through the precise analysis of image data by signal processing, the system can distinguish the structural information of different types of roofs and generate accurate data on the roof area.

[0067] 4.S104: Data processing for calculation of actual installable photovoltaic panel area

[0068] Based on the roof utilization coefficients of different types of buildings obtained in S102 and the building roof area identified in S103, the system further calculates the actual area available for installing photovoltaic panels in the area to be determined. The signal processing in this step involves calling the attribute data of the relevant buildings from the database, and calculating the actual installable area of ​​photovoltaic panels in combination with the installation requirements of photovoltaic panels (such as slope and area restrictions). The algorithm will comprehensively consider factors such as the orientation, slope, and shadow effects of the building to further optimize the calculation of the photovoltaic installation area.

[0069] 5.S105: Data processing for evaluating the potential of rooftop photovoltaic installations

[0070] Finally, the system uses signal processing technology to calculate the rooftop installed capacity in the area based on the calculated actual installation area of ​​the photovoltaic panels. This process derives the overall photovoltaic installation potential based on factors such as the regional lighting conditions and climate zone divisions, combined with the power characteristics of the photovoltaic panels. By processing and analyzing these data, an assessment report on the photovoltaic installed capacity in the area to be determined is finally generated.

[0071] Through the above detailed data processing process, the system can efficiently and accurately evaluate the photovoltaic installation potential of rooftops of different types of buildings in different climate zones and provide optimization suggestions.

[0072] In S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to collect an orthographic top view and a horizontal side view, which requires the drone to fly at different altitudes and angles to obtain the required images; it is necessary to plan the flight route and time according to different climate zones and building types to ensure that various types of buildings can be covered and data can be obtained under different weather conditions;

[0073] In S102, the embodiment of the present invention provides that aerial images and POI data of buildings with installed rooftop photovoltaics are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the target area belongs, the building use type of each of the individual buildings in the target area is determined, and the roof information of each of the individual buildings in the aerial image of the target area is identified; based on the roof information of each of the individual buildings, the roof area and photovoltaic area of ​​each of the individual buildings are determined, and the roof availability coefficients of buildings of different climate zones and types are summarized;

[0074] In S103, an aerial image and POI data of the area to be requested are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the area to be requested belongs, the roof information of each of the individual buildings in the aerial image of the area to be requested is input into a pre-trained multi-scale depth recognition model, and each of the individual buildings in the area to be requested is identified by the multi-scale depth recognition model, and the roof type and roof construction area of ​​each of the individual buildings are analyzed;

[0075] The roof types include flat roofs and pitched roofs, and the building types include residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings, and industrial buildings. The total available area of ​​the target area is calculated based on the roof area of ​​each of the individual buildings and the building use type, including:

[0076] For each of the building use types, respectively, the roof areas of the individual buildings of the same building type among the individual buildings belonging to the building use type are accumulated to obtain the total area corresponding to the roofs of the building use type;

[0077] Sum the total photovoltaic areas corresponding to the roof types under the building use type to obtain the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type;

[0078] Divide the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type by the total area corresponding to each of the roofs under the building use type to obtain the building roof availability coefficient corresponding to the building use type;

[0079] When identifying the roof area of ​​a building, a large number of sample sets are used or the presence of a ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof.

[0080] In S105, when determining the optimal installation inclination angle of the flat roof, the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels at each latitude is fitted as a quadratic function, and the fitting degree is 0.993; the formula is as follows:

[0081] β=-0.0049Ф2+1.0888Ф

[0082] Where β represents the optimal tilt angle; Ф represents the latitude of the study area.

[0083] In S105, the embodiment of the present invention provides for calculating the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined. According to different roof types and areas, the utilization coefficients of different types of building roofs summarized in S102, and the climate zone in which they are located, the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined is calculated based on the optimal installation inclination angle of flat roofs and the angle of sloping roofs.

[0084] like Figure 2 As shown, a system for evaluating the potential of photovoltaic installations on rooftops of different types in different climate zones provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0085] A shooting module is used to use drones to take aerial images of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types of buildings;

[0086] The statistical module is used to combine the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; and summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and types;

[0087] The recognition module is used to identify the roof area of ​​the building in the required area by combining with the roof recognition model; determine the functional attributes of the building according to the POI information, so as to determine the type of the building; when identifying the roof area of ​​the building, a large number of sample sets are used or the ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof;

[0088] A calculation module, used for calculating the actual area of ​​the required area for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof utilization coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas;

[0089] The evaluation module is used to calculate the rooftop installed capacity in the area to be requested and then evaluate the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation.

[0090] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations of different types of roofs in different climate zones.

[0091] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to perform the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on rooftops of different types in different climate zones.

[0092] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the system for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones.

[0093] The present invention is specifically implemented:

[0094] A method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on rooftops of different types in different climate zones using aerial images includes the following steps:

[0095] Use drones to take aerial images (including orthographic top view and horizontal side view) of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different types of climate zones. Combined with roof recognition models such as u-net, deeplabv3+, etc., identify and count the roof area and photovoltaic area of ​​each building in the image, and then determine the roof utilization coefficient.

[0096] There are three main methods for evaluating the availability factor (Ra) of building roofs. The first method is to set Ra according to the policies and standard requirements of the study city. The second method is to directly use the α research results of cities similar to the study city, or to make some corrections after considering the urban and architectural characteristics of the study area. Compared with method one, method two is more targeted, but the selection criteria for similar cities (in principle, no two cities are exactly the same) need further exploration, and there are no existing research results for the selected similar cities. Therefore, a more commonly used and more targeted method is to use aerial images of different types of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics based on building classification and statistical calculation methods, including: ① Classify the buildings in the study area, ② Statistically calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image, ③ Statistically calculate Ra for the roof of each type of building, and ④ Summarize the availability factor α of the roofs of buildings in different climate zones and different types.

[0097] When classifying by building type, the functional attributes of the building are determined according to the point of interest information (POI), and a regional distributed photovoltaic construction resource analysis model based on the building area and type is constructed to determine the potential of regional distributed photovoltaic building resources. The specific steps include the following:

[0098] The POI (Point of interest) data of the area is obtained and classified according to the name keywords, which are divided into residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings.

[0099] The acquired POI point data is expanded 20 meters outward from the center point to form a surface pattern of residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings.

[0100] The independent buildings and housing construction areas are overlaid and analyzed with the five types of patches in the order of residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings. The functional attributes of the independent buildings and housing construction areas intersecting with the residential building surface patches are determined as residential buildings, the functional attributes of the independent buildings and housing construction areas intersecting with the commercial building surface patches are determined as commercial buildings, the functional attributes of the independent buildings and housing construction areas intersecting with the cultural building surface patches are determined as cultural buildings, the functional attributes of the independent buildings and housing construction areas intersecting with the office building surface patches are determined as office buildings, and the functional attributes of the independent buildings and housing construction areas intersecting with the industrial building surface patches are determined as industrial buildings: the functional attributes determined in the later order override the results determined in the earlier order.

[0101] The number of pixels of residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings in the map are calculated respectively, and the probabilities of the five types of buildings are obtained as F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 respectively.

[0102] The number of photovoltaic pixels in residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings in the map were calculated respectively, and the photovoltaic probabilities of the five types of buildings were obtained as F6, F7, F8, F9 and F10 respectively.

[0103] When classifying according to the roof, a large number of sample sets are used to identify the features of the building roofs, and the identified roof areas Stf of all buildings and the photovoltaic areas Stp of all buildings are calculated based on the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model.

[0104] The roof area of ​​each type of building is the product of the roof area of ​​all buildings and the corresponding building probability.

[0105] The photovoltaic area of ​​each type of building is the product of the photovoltaic area of ​​all buildings and the corresponding photovoltaic probability.

[0106] When performing roof recognition, if there is a ridge line, the roof is a pitched roof, otherwise, the roof is a flat roof.

[0107] Combined with the flat roof and pitched roof area ratio and the modeling of all building roof areas, the photovoltaic areas of the flat roof areas and the photovoltaic areas of the pitched roof areas of the identified buildings are classified and calculated. The specific steps include:

[0108] (1) Obtaining the roof outline of the building based on the identified building roof dataset;

[0109] (2) Sampling the building roof dataset to construct a building roof sample dataset;

[0110] (3) Calculate the number of flat roof pixels and sloping roof pixels in the building sample data set respectively to obtain the flat roof area probability (Ff) and sloping roof area probability (Fg), the flat roof area probability (Ffp) and sloping roof area probability (Fgp);

[0111] (4) Extracting the overall pixel count of the building roof based on the building roof outline;

[0112] (5) Using the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model, calculate the identified roof area of ​​all buildings (Sf) and the photovoltaic area of ​​all buildings (Sfp);

[0113] (6) Combine the flat roof to pitched roof area ratio and the photovoltaic area modeling of the total building roof area, and classify and calculate the identified building flat roof area (Srf) and pitched roof area (Srg), building flat roof photovoltaic area (Srfp) and pitched roof photovoltaic area (Srgp):

[0114] Srf=Sf×Ff,Srg=Sf×Fg

[0115] Srfp=Sfp×Ffp, Srgp=Sfp×Fgp

[0116] According to the determined functional attribute categories and roof types of independent buildings and housing construction areas, the roof utilization coefficients of buildings with different functional attributes are determined, expressed as Ra = Spv / Sroof, where Spv represents the photovoltaic installation area of ​​the building, Sroof represents the total roof area of ​​the building, and Ra represents the roof utilization coefficient of the building.

[0117] When evaluating the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation in a potential area, the roof area of ​​the potential area is identified based on the roof identification model.

[0118] The roof type classification method classifies building roofs according to the above-mentioned building type classification method used in calculating the roof utilization coefficient of the installed photovoltaic area.

[0119] Calculation steps for installed capacity of rooftop photovoltaics:

[0120] Combined with the module parameters, local longitude and latitude, photovoltaic installation inclination angle, flat roof and sloping roof area, roof utilization coefficient and other parameters, the roof photovoltaic exploitable capacity is calculated respectively. β represents the optimal inclination angle, l1 represents the width of the photovoltaic panel, l2 represents the length of the photovoltaic panel, and Ppanel represents the power of each photovoltaic module. The specific model is as follows:

[0121] Flat roof single panel projection width:

[0122] d==l1×cosβ

[0123] Single board footprint:

[0124] S1=d×l2

[0125] Number of photovoltaic modules that can be installed on a flat roof:

[0126] N1=Srfp / S1

[0127] The calculation formula for the exploitable capacity P1 of flat roof photovoltaic power generation is as follows:

[0128] P1=N1×Ppanel /

[0129] The sloping roof can be directly installed with photovoltaic arrays, so the number of photovoltaic arrays that can be installed is:

[0130] N2=Srgp / (l1×l2)

[0131] The calculation formula for the exploitable capacity P2 of sloping roof photovoltaic power generation is as follows:

[0132] P1=N2×Ppanel

[0133] Total rooftop photovoltaic capacity that can be used for photovoltaic development: P = P1 + P2

[0134] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0135] 1. Use drones to take aerial images (including orthographic top view and horizontal side view) of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types of buildings, and count the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image, so as to summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and different types.

[0136] Classify building types: Determine the functional attributes of buildings based on point of interest (POI) information and classify buildings into residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings and industrial buildings.

[0137] POI data (Point of interest) includes data on points of interest such as scenic spots, catering services, and transportation facilities in an area. Therefore, the use type of each building can be determined based on the POI data.

[0138] Roof classification: Use a large number of sample sets or identify whether the building has a ridge line to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof.

[0139] Determination of the building roof utilization coefficient: Based on the roof photovoltaic identification model, the roof area and photovoltaic area of ​​each building in the image are statistically calculated. The roof utilization coefficient is the quotient of the photovoltaic area and the roof area.

[0140] The utilization coefficients of roofs of buildings in different climate zones and types are summarized. This coefficient is closer to the actual value and is more comprehensive and practical than 100% utilization or 3D shadow analysis. However, the current method of simply multiplying the coefficient does not provide a perfect and scientific value.

[0141] 2. According to different roof types and areas, roof utilization coefficients, building types, and climate zones, the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined is calculated based on the optimal installation inclination angle of flat roofs and the angle of sloping roofs.

[0142] Sloping roof angle: Based on the highest point of the roof and the lowest point of the eaves in the horizontal side view taken by the drone aerial image, the horizontal distance between these two points (i.e. the projected length of the roof) is measured in the orthographic map. The inclination angle can be calculated by calculating the ratio of the vertical height difference between the two points (roof height) to the horizontal distance (projected length), and then using the inverse tangent function (arctan) to convert this ratio into an angle.

[0143] Optimal installation angle for flat roofs: The optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels at each latitude is fitted as a quadratic function with a fitting degree of 0.993.

[0144] Formula: β=-0.0049Ф2+1.0888Ф

[0145] Where β represents the optimal tilt angle; Ф represents the latitude of the study area.

[0146] Rooftop PV installation potential in the unclaimed area: includes the actual area and total installed capacity of PV panels in the unclaimed area.

[0147] It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the calculation process of evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones.

[0148] 1. Specific application fields or related products of the present invention.

[0149] 1. Photovoltaic industry: This invention is mainly used in the photovoltaic industry to evaluate and optimize the installation potential of photovoltaic systems. Through accurate rooftop photovoltaic potential assessment, photovoltaic companies can more effectively formulate installation plans and improve the economic benefits and power generation efficiency of the system.

[0150] 2. Drone services: The technology of the present invention involves drone photography and image processing, which is suitable for drone surveying and mapping companies or companies that provide aerial photography services, helping them to provide accurate data support in photovoltaic evaluation, urban planning and other aspects.

[0151] 3. Building planning and management: Architects, urban planners and property management companies can use this technology to evaluate the rooftop photovoltaic potential of buildings, optimize building design and facility management, and improve the energy efficiency of buildings.

[0152] 4. Climate research and environmental monitoring: This technology can assess the potential for photovoltaic installations in different climate zones, support climate research and environmental monitoring, and help understand energy demand and the performance of photovoltaic systems under different climate conditions.

[0153] 5. Government and policy making: Government departments and policy makers can use this technology to assess the photovoltaic potential of various regions, provide a scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of green energy policies, and promote the development of renewable energy.

[0154] 2. Relevant evidence of the technical effects obtained by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0155] 1. Technical effect data: Through drone aerial photography and image recognition technology, data such as roof area, photovoltaic area and roof utilization coefficient can be accurately obtained. These data can be used to compare the results of traditional manual surveys to verify their accuracy and efficiency. Compared with traditional methods, this invention significantly shortens the time for data acquisition and analysis and improves efficiency through automated image processing and recognition.

[0156] 2. Experimentation and validation: Apply the technology in pilot projects in different climate zones and building types to assess PV potential. Verify the accuracy and reliability of the prediction results with data from actual installations and operations. Compare the method with existing PV assessment technologies to demonstrate its superiority in different climate conditions and roof types. Include statistical data, charts and comparative analysis reports that can serve as evidence of the technology's effectiveness.

[0157] 3. Technical papers and patent documents: Relevant academic papers and patent documents can provide theoretical basis and experimental data to support the innovation and technical effect of the technical solution in the field of rooftop photovoltaic evaluation.

[0158] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware part can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software part can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware. It can be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be implemented using computer executable instructions and / or contained in a processor control code, such as a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. Such code is provided on the carrier medium. The device and its modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, and can also be implemented by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware.

[0159] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on different types of rooftops in different climate zones, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Use drones to take aerial images of buildings with rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones and different types of buildings; Step 2: Combine the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and types; Step 3, combining the roof recognition model to identify the roof area of ​​the building in the area to be determined; Determine the functional attributes of the building based on the POI information, thereby determining the category of the building; When identifying the roof area of ​​a building, a large number of sample sets are used or the presence of a ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof; Step 4, calculating the actual area of ​​the area to be requested for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof availability coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas; Step 5: Calculate the installed capacity of rooftops in the area to be determined and evaluate the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation.

2. The method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, it is necessary to collect orthographic overhead views and horizontal side views, which requires the drone to fly at different altitudes and angles to obtain the required images; the flight route and time need to be planned according to different climate zones and building types to ensure that all types of buildings can be covered and data can be obtained under different weather conditions.

3. The method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, aerial images and POI data of buildings with installed rooftop photovoltaics are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the target area belongs, the building use type of each of the individual buildings in the target area is determined, and the roof information of each individual building in the aerial image of the target area is identified; based on the roof information of each of the individual buildings, the roof area and photovoltaic area of ​​each of the individual buildings are determined, and the roof utilization coefficients of buildings of different climate zones and types are summarized.

4. The method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the aerial image and POI data of the area to be requested are collected, and based on the characteristic information of the region to which the area to be requested belongs, the roof information of each of the individual buildings in the aerial image of the area to be requested is input into a pre-trained multi-scale depth recognition model, and each of the individual buildings in the area to be requested is identified by the multi-scale depth recognition model, and the roof type and roof construction area of ​​each of the individual buildings are analyzed; The roof types include flat roofs and pitched roofs, and the building types include residential buildings, commercial buildings, cultural buildings, office buildings, and industrial buildings. The total available area of ​​the target area is calculated based on the roof area of ​​each of the individual buildings and the building use type, including: For each of the building use types, respectively, the roof areas of the individual buildings of the same building type among the individual buildings belonging to the building use type are accumulated to obtain the total area corresponding to the roofs of the building use type; Sum the total photovoltaic areas corresponding to the roof types under the building use type to obtain the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type; Divide the total photovoltaic area corresponding to the building use type by the total area corresponding to each of the roofs under the building use type to obtain the building roof availability coefficient corresponding to the building use type; When identifying the roof area of ​​a building, a large number of sample sets are used or the presence of a ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof.

5. The method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, when determining the optimal installation angle of the flat roof, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels at each latitude is fitted as a quadratic function with a fitting degree of 0.993; the formula is as follows: β=-0.0049Ф2+1.0888Ф Where β represents the optimal tilt angle; Ф represents the latitude of the study area.

6. The method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of roofs in different climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the rooftop photovoltaic installation potential in the area to be determined is calculated based on the different roof types and areas, the utilization coefficients of different types of building roofs summarized in step 2, and the climate zone in which they are located, and based on the optimal installation inclination angle of flat roofs and the angle of sloping roofs.

7. A system for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones by implementing the method for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The system for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations on different types of rooftops in different climate zones includes: A shooting module is used to use drones to take aerial images of buildings with different types of rooftop photovoltaics installed in different climate zones; The statistical module is used to combine the roof recognition model and the photovoltaic recognition model to calculate the roof area, photovoltaic area, roof utilization coefficient, and photovoltaic installation inclination angle of each building in the image; and summarize the roof utilization coefficients of buildings in different climate zones and types; The recognition module is used to identify the roof area of ​​the building in the required area by combining with the roof recognition model; determine the functional attributes of the building according to the POI information, so as to determine the type of the building; when identifying the roof area of ​​the building, a large number of sample sets are used or the ridge line of the building is identified to determine whether the roof is a pitched roof; A calculation module, used for calculating the actual area of ​​the required area for installing photovoltaic panels according to the roof utilization coefficients of different types of buildings and the corresponding roof areas; The evaluation module is used to calculate the rooftop installed capacity in the area to be requested and then evaluate the potential for rooftop photovoltaic installation.

8. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations of different types of rooftops in different climate zones as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic installations of different types of rooftops in different climate zones according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. An information data processing terminal, characterized in that: The information data processing terminal is used to implement the system for evaluating the photovoltaic installation potential of different types of rooftops in different climate zones as described in claim 7.

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