Feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing cholesterol content in goose meat and a preparation method of the feed, and belongs to the technical field of goose feeds. Comprising the following steps: mixing hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder and kelp powder, grinding into fine powder 1 for later use, mixing wheat, rapeseed meal, oat, corn, bean cake and sorghum straw, grinding into fine powder 2 for later use, mixing the fine powder 1, the fine powder 2, glycosylated phytosterol, cod-liver oil, edible salt and multivitamins in a mixing machine, and granulating to obtain a finished product. And adding water, heating and concentrating, and granulating by using a steam granulator to obtain the feed. Through scientific and reasonable formula design, comprehensive and balanced nutrients in the feed are ensured, and the growth and health requirements of geese are met. In addition, the glycosylated phytosterol is prepared, the bioavailability of the glycosylated phytosterol is improved, and the cholesterol content in the goose meat is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of goose feed, and particularly relates to a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the public's attention to food quality and safety has increased. In the field of meat consumption, health and nutrition have become one of the important considerations for consumers. Goose meat is widely favored for its unique flavor and rich nutritional value. It is rich in high-quality protein, B vitamins and various minerals, which makes it occupy an important position among many meats. However, under the traditional breeding method, the cholesterol content in goose meat is high, which limits its consumption on a larger scale.

[0003] Cholesterol is an essential lipid for the human body. It plays an indispensable role in cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. However, excessive intake may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Related studies have shown that a high-cholesterol diet is closely related to atherosclerosis, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, for those who are at risk of cardiovascular disease or want to maintain a low-cholesterol diet, choosing low-cholesterol foods is particularly important.

[0004] The cholesterol in goose meat mainly comes from the fat and protein components in its feed. Traditional poultry feed is usually based on corn, soybeans, etc. Although these raw materials provide rich energy and amino acids, they may also lead to high cholesterol content in the final product. Therefore, controlling the cholesterol in goose meat by improving the feed formula can not only improve market competitiveness, but also meet the growing demand of more and more consumers for healthy diets.

[0005] In recent years, some researchers have begun to explore the use of plant extracts, functional additives, and specially formulated feeds to reduce fat deposition in animals, thereby reducing cholesterol in the final product. For example, studies have shown that certain natural plants such as garlic and ginger have the potential to regulate fat metabolism and reduce serum total cholesterol levels. In addition, the introduction of new oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids as substitutes is also seen as an effective method. This will not only help improve the health of animals, but also improve product quality, so that consumers do not have to worry about excessive intake of unhealthy ingredients when enjoying delicious food.

[0006] Therefore, in modern poultry farming, developing new feed to reduce cholesterol in goose meat is an important direction to cope with changes in market demand. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention includes the following contents:

[0008] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder and kelp powder are mixed and ground into fine powder 1, wheat, rapeseed meal, oats, corn, soybean cake and sorghum straw are mixed and ground into fine powder 2, and the fine powder 1, fine powder 2, glycosylated plant sterols, cod liver oil, edible salt, complex vitamins and water are mixed and granulated to prepare the feed.

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps:

[0011] The phytosterol and GMA are dispersed in dichloromethane, triethylamine is added, and the mixture is stirred at 130-160° C. for 3-6 hours in an inert gas protection environment to obtain the phytosterol-GMA; the phytosterol-GMA and water-soluble carbohydrates are dispersed in dichloromethane, p-toluenesulfonic acid is added, the temperature is raised to 75-95° C., and the mixture is stirred at an inert gas protection environment for 5-10 hours to obtain the glycosylated phytosterol.

[0012] Preferably, the phytosterol comprises β-sitosterol, stigmasterol or campesterol.

[0013] Preferably, the water-soluble carbohydrate comprises glucose, sucrose, erythritol, xylitol or sorbitol.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the phytosterols, GMA and water-soluble carbohydrates is 1:1.1-1.3:1.2-1.5.

[0015] Preferably, the weight ratio of triethylamine to GMA is 1.5-2:1.

[0016] Preferably, the weight ratio of p-toluenesulfonic acid to GMA is 0.01-0.1:1.

[0017] Preferably, the inert gas comprises nitrogen or argon.

[0018] Preferably, the weight ratio of hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder, kelp powder, wheat, rapeseed meal, oats, corn, soybean cake, sorghum straw, glycosylated plant sterols, cod liver oil, edible salt, complex vitamins and water is 2-6: 3-5: 3-5: 2-4: 1-2: 20-30: 3-5: 3-5: 2-10: 2-3: 10-15: 0.05-0.1: 1-3: 1-3: 0.1-0.2: 10-20.

[0019] Preferably, the fine powder 1 is obtained by screening with a 100-mesh sieve.

[0020] Preferably, the fine powder 2 is obtained by screening with a 200-mesh sieve.

[0021] Preferably, the mixing speed is 40 to 60 rpm and the mixing time is 5 to 20 min.

[0022] Preferably, the steam pressure of the granulation is 3-5 bar and the steam temperature is 100-120°C.

[0023] Preferably, the invention relates to a feed prepared by a method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat.

[0024] Preferably, a feed prepared by a method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat is used in the field of goose feed.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The present invention ensures that the nutrients in the feed are comprehensive and balanced through scientific and reasonable formula design to meet the growth and health needs of geese. Glycosylated plant sterols help reduce the absorption and synthesis of cholesterol, effectively reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat. Ingredients such as wheat, rapeseed meal and oats provide rich carbohydrates and proteins to support the normal growth of geese. Natural plant ingredients such as hawthorn, carrot powder and kelp powder have lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects, further enhancing the overall functionality of the feed.

[0027] (2) Phytosterols react with the epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) through their hydroxyl groups as nucleophiles to form new ether bonds, connecting phytosterols and GMA to form phytosterol-GMA. Subsequently, phytosterol-GMA reacts with water-soluble carbohydrates to form glycosylated phytosterols. Since phytosterols and cholesterol are similar in structure, they can competitively inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. After glycosylation, the water solubility of phytosterols is significantly improved, making them easier to dissolve and disperse in the intestine, thereby improving their bioavailability. This improvement allows glycosylated phytosterols to compete with cholesterol more effectively, reduce the absorption of cholesterol, and reduce the cholesterol content in goose meat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below through the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.

[0030] Preparation Example 1:

[0031] The preparation method of glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps:

[0032] 1 part by weight of stigmasterol and 1.1 parts by weight of GMA are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 1.65 parts by weight of triethylamine are added, and the mixture is stirred at 130° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen protection environment, and then washed and filtered to obtain stigmasterol-GMA; the above-mentioned stigmasterol-GMA and 1.2 parts by weight of glucose are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 0.01 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, the mixture is heated to 75° C. and stirred for 5 hours in a nitrogen protection environment, and then washed, filtered and extracted to obtain glycosylated phytosterols.

[0033] Preparation Example 2:

[0034] The preparation method of glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps:

[0035] 1 part by weight of β-sitosterol and 1.2 parts by weight of GMA are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 2.04 parts by weight of triethylamine are added, and the mixture is stirred at 140° C. for 4 hours in an argon protection environment, and then washed and filtered to obtain β-sitosterol-GMA; the above β-sitosterol-GMA and 1.4 parts by weight of sucrose are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 0.05 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, the mixture is heated to 80° C. and stirred for 7 hours in a nitrogen protection environment, and then washed, filtered and extracted to obtain glycosylated phytosterols.

[0036] Preparation Example 3:

[0037] The preparation method of glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps:

[0038] 1 part by weight of campesterol and 1.3 parts by weight of GMA are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 2.6 parts by weight of triethylamine are added, and the mixture is stirred at 150° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen protection environment, followed by washing and filtration to obtain β-sitosterol-GMA; the above β-sitosterol-GMA and 1.5 parts by weight of erythritol are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 0.1 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, the mixture is heated to 90° C. and stirred for 8 hours in a nitrogen protection environment, followed by washing, filtration and extraction to obtain glycosylated phytosterols.

[0039] Preparation Example 4:

[0040] The preparation method of glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps:

[0041] 1 part by weight of stigmasterol and 1.3 parts by weight of GMA are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 2.6 parts by weight of triethylamine are added, and the mixture is stirred at 160° C. for 6 hours in an argon protection environment, and then washed and filtered to obtain β-sitosterol-GMA; the above-mentioned β-sitosterol-GMA and 1.5 parts by weight of sorbitol are dispersed in 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane, 0.05 parts by weight of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, the mixture is heated to 95° C. and stirred for 10 hours in an argon protection environment, and then washed, filtered and extracted to obtain glycosylated plant sterols.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0044] 2 parts by weight of hawthorn, 3 parts by weight of dried fish powder, 3 parts by weight of bone meal, 2 parts by weight of carrot powder and 1 part by weight of kelp powder are mixed, ground and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to form fine powder 1 for later use; 20 parts by weight of wheat, 3 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 3 parts by weight of oats, 2 parts by weight of corn, 2 parts by weight of bean cake and 10 parts by weight of sorghum straw are mixed, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to form fine powder 2 for later use; the above-mentioned fine powder 1, fine powder 2, 0.05 parts by weight of glycosylated plant sterols prepared in Preparation Example 1, 1 part by weight of cod liver oil, 1 part by weight of edible salt, 0.1 parts by weight of multivitamins and 10 parts by weight of water are placed in a mixer at 50 rpm and mixed for 5 minutes, and then granulated using a steam granulator at a steam pressure of 3 bar and a steam temperature of 100°C to prepare a feed.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0047] 4 parts by weight of hawthorn, 4 parts by weight of dried fish powder, 4 parts by weight of bone meal, 3 parts by weight of carrot powder and 1.5 parts by weight of kelp powder are mixed, ground and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to form fine powder 1 for later use; 25 parts by weight of wheat, 4 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 4 parts by weight of oats, 6 parts by weight of corn, 2.5 parts by weight of soybean cake and 12 parts by weight of sorghum straw are mixed, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to form fine powder 2 for later use; the above-mentioned fine powder 1, fine powder 2, 0.08 part by weight of glycosylated plant sterol prepared in Preparation Example 2, 2 parts by weight of cod liver oil, 2 parts by weight of edible salt, 0.15 part by weight of multivitamins and 15 parts by weight of water are placed in a mixer at 40 rpm and mixed for 15 minutes, and then granulated using a steam granulator at a steam pressure of 4 bar and a steam temperature of 110°C to prepare feed.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0050] 6 parts by weight of hawthorn, 5 parts by weight of dried fish powder, 5 parts by weight of bone meal, 4 parts by weight of carrot powder and 2 parts by weight of kelp powder are mixed, ground and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to form fine powder 1 for later use; 30 parts by weight of wheat, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 5 parts by weight of oats, 10 parts by weight of corn, 3 parts by weight of bean cake and 15 parts by weight of sorghum straw are mixed, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to form fine powder 2 for later use; the above-mentioned fine powder 1, fine powder 2, 0.1 part by weight of glycosylated plant sterol prepared in Preparation Example 3, 3 parts by weight of cod liver oil, 3 parts by weight of edible salt, 0.2 part by weight of multivitamins and 17 parts by weight of water are placed in a mixer at 50 rpm and mixed for 20 minutes, and then granulated using a steam granulator at a steam pressure of 5 bar and a steam temperature of 100°C to prepare a feed.

[0051] Embodiment 4:

[0052] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0053] 6 parts by weight of hawthorn, 4 parts by weight of dried fish powder, 3 parts by weight of bone meal, 4 parts by weight of carrot powder and 2 parts by weight of kelp powder are mixed, ground and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to form fine powder 1 for later use; 30 parts by weight of wheat, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 5 parts by weight of oats, 2 parts by weight of corn, 2 parts by weight of bean cake and 15 parts by weight of sorghum straw are mixed, ground and sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to form fine powder 2 for later use; the above-mentioned fine powder 1, fine powder 2, 0.1 part by weight of glycosylated plant sterol prepared in Preparation Example 4, 2 parts by weight of cod liver oil, 1 part by weight of edible salt, 0.2 part by weight of multivitamins and 20 parts by weight of water are placed in a mixer at 60 rpm and mixed for 10 minutes, and then granulated using a steam granulator at a steam pressure of 5 bar and a steam temperature of 120°C to prepare feed.

[0054] Comparative Example 1:

[0055] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0056] The glycosylated phytosterol in Example 4 was replaced with untreated stigmasterol, and other operations were consistent with Example 4.

[0057] Comparative Example 2:

[0058] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0059] Inulin-phytosterol was prepared by replacing sorbitol in Preparation Example 4 with inulin, and glycosylated phytosterol in Example 4 was replaced with the above-mentioned inulin-phytosterol. Other operations were consistent with Example 4.

[0060] Comparative Example 3:

[0061] A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat comprises the following steps:

[0062] The 2 parts by weight of corn in Example 4 are replaced by 30 parts by weight of corn, and the 30 parts by weight of wheat are replaced by 2 parts by weight of wheat. Other operations are consistent with Example 4.

[0063] Comparative Example 4:

[0064] The 2 parts by weight of bean cake in Example 4 were replaced by 30 parts by weight of bean cake, and the 30 parts by weight of wheat were replaced by 2 parts by weight of wheat. The other operations were the same as those in Example 4.

[0065] Comparative Example 5:

[0066] The hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder and kelp powder in Example 4 were removed, and the other operations were consistent with Example 4.

[0067] The feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were compared with the feeds used by traditional farmers. 50 test geese weighing 3±0.25 kg were divided into 10 groups, with 5 geese in each group. The 10 groups of test geese were fed with traditional feeds, feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4, and feeds prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, respectively. The average daily feed usage of the 50 test geese was 15 kg, and the test period was 40 days.

[0068] Test Example 1: Production Performance Measurement

[0069] The average weight gain and morbidity of the 10 groups of test geese after 40 days were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Average weight gain = average body weight of each group of experimental geese on day 40 - average body weight of each group of experimental geese on day 0.

[0071] Table 1. Test goose production performance determination

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen in Table 1, the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4 significantly improved the growth performance of the test geese compared with the traditional feeds. The feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4 not only significantly increased the average weight gain of the geese, but also effectively reduced their morbidity. In addition, the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4 are rich in vitamins and minerals, which help to enhance the ability of the test geese to resist external environmental pressure and disease invasion. Therefore, the feed prepared in the present invention can not only promote the rapid growth of the test geese, but also effectively reduce the morbidity, thereby improving the breeding efficiency.

[0075] Test Example 2: Comparison of nutritional components of goose meat

[0076] After the above 10 groups of experimental geese were slaughtered, the nutritional components of goose meat were compared. Ten geese were randomly selected from each group, and 0.5 kg of goose meat was taken from each goose for nutritional component analysis. The average nutritional content of each 100 g of goose meat in each group is shown in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2. Comparison of nutritional components of experimental goose meat

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] The test results are shown in Table 2. The cholesterol content of the meat of the geese fed with the feed prepared in Examples 1 to 4 is lower than that of the traditional feed. In addition, although the cholesterol content of the goose meat fed with the feed prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 is lower than that of the traditional feed, the overall effect is not as obvious as that of the Example Group. The fat content of the goose meat fed with the Example Group is lower than that of the traditional feed, while the protein content is significantly higher than that of the traditional feed. The most significant difference between Comparative Example 2 and the Example Group is that the phytosterols are glycosylated using inulin with a more complex spatial structure. It can be observed from Table 2 that the nutritional components of the goose fed with the feed prepared in Comparative Example 2 are lower than those of the geese fed with the feed prepared in Examples 1 to 4. This is because the spatial structure of inulin is more complex than that of the water-soluble carbohydrates used in the present invention, resulting in an increase in its steric hindrance, thereby limiting the reactivity of the hydroxyl group, making it difficult to undergo an effective ester exchange reaction with phytosterol-GMA, thereby affecting the bioavailability of inulin-phytosterol in the goose. The results show that the feed prepared in Examples 1 to 4 not only effectively reduces the cholesterol and fat content in goose meat, but also increases the protein content, which indicates that the feed prepared in the present invention has a positive effect on improving the nutritional value of goose meat.

[0081] The above-described embodiments provide a detailed description of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder and kelp powder are mixed and ground into fine powder 1, wheat, rapeseed meal, oats, corn, soybean cake and sorghum straw are mixed and ground into fine powder 2, and the fine powder 1, fine powder 2, glycosylated plant sterols, cod liver oil, edible salt, complex vitamins and water are mixed and granulated to prepare the feed.

2. The method for preparing a feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the glycosylated phytosterols comprises the following steps: The phytosterol and GMA are dispersed in dichloromethane, triethylamine is added, and the mixture is stirred at 130-160° C. for 3-6 hours in an inert gas protection environment to obtain the phytosterol-GMA; the phytosterol-GMA and water-soluble carbohydrates are dispersed in dichloromethane, p-toluenesulfonic acid is added, the temperature is raised to 75-95° C., and the mixture is stirred at an inert gas protection environment for 5-10 hours to obtain the glycosylated phytosterol.

3. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The phytosterols include β-sitosterol, stigmasterol or campesterol.

4. The method for preparing a feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-soluble carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, erythritol, xylitol or sorbitol.

5. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the plant sterols, GMA and water-soluble carbohydrates is 1: 1.1～1.3：1.2～1.5。 6. The method for preparing a feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of hawthorn, dried fish powder, bone meal, carrot powder, kelp powder, wheat, rapeseed meal, oats, corn, bean cake, sorghum straw, glycosylated plant sterols, cod liver oil, edible salt, complex vitamins and water is 2-6: 3-5: 3-5: 2-4: 1-2: 20-30: 3-5: 3-5: 2-10: 2-3: 10-15: 0.05-0.1: 1-3: 1-3: 0.1-0.2: 10-20.

7. The method for preparing a feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine powder 1 is obtained by screening through a 100-mesh sieve.

8. The method for preparing a feed for reducing cholesterol content in goose meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine powder 2 is obtained by screening with a 200-mesh sieve.

9. A feed prepared by the method for preparing a feed for reducing the cholesterol content in goose meat according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the feed according to claim 9 in the field of goose feed.

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