Method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium and Janus paper

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium and Janus paper, and belongs to the technical field of polymer compounds. The method comprises: step 1, inactivation of mycelium; step 2, brooming of mycelium; step 3, purification of solid fermentation mycelium; step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium; step 5, preparation of Janus paper. The invention prepares Janus paper from edible fungus mycelium, which can replace the traditional papermaking method with wood as the main raw material, does not need to add plastic and chemical coating agent, and has the advantages of environmental protection, low carbon and degradability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polymer compounds, and in particular to a method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium and the Janus paper. Background Art

[0002] With the implementation of plastic restrictions and bans in various countries, many manufacturers, retailers and catering industries have begun to use paper packaging instead of plastic packaging in actual production and sales. However, the extensive use of paper will lead to serious consumption of natural resources.

[0003] Silicone oil paper is a commonly used packaging paper in the food industry. It is mainly composed of a three-layer structure, namely base paper, coating and silicone oil. It has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oil resistance and moisture resistance. Therefore, it is widely used in the packaging of fried, baked, meat and other foods, and generally in direct contact with food. The component of silicone oil is cyclopolydimethylsiloxane. Although my country allows the addition of silicone oil to food packaging materials, silicone oil is soluble in oily environments. In particular, unqualified silicone oil paper may release chemicals that are harmful to the human body at high temperatures, threatening human health. In addition, the coating of silicone oil paper is to coat the plastic on the surface of the paper through a cast film machine. The coating is divided into food grade and industrial grade. The cost of food grade coated paper is relatively high.

[0004] In terms of the environment, the production of silicone oil paper consumes forest resources, and the waste after its use has become a difficult problem in today's environmental governance. Silicone oil paper contains ingredients such as plastic coating and silicone oil coating, which are difficult to degrade in the natural environment and accumulate over time, eventually hindering the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and even polluting groundwater. Silicone oil paper is not only difficult to degrade, but also very difficult to recycle. In the recycling process of silicone oil paper, different materials such as base paper, coating and silicone oil coating need to be separated first. However, the separation process of these materials is complicated and costly, while the recycling efficiency is low. Therefore, silicone oil paper is mainly used as disposable paper in many industrial fields. It cannot be recycled after being discarded and is difficult to degrade. The harm to the environment cannot be underestimated. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly, degradable, food-grade packaging paper made of natural biomaterials is of great significance to food safety, environmental protection and the health of consumers.

[0005] In nature, fungi, as waste decomposers, maintain ecological balance together with eukaryotic organisms such as plants and animals. Among fungi, there are about 2,000 species of edible fungi known to humans. Mycelium is the main body of edible fungi. Unlike fruiting bodies that grow on the ground, mycelium grows underground and is composed of long filamentous substances. In recent years, edible fungi have been widely used in food, medicine and industrial materials for their rich nutrition, significant efficacy and superior performance. However, the yield of wild edible fungi is small and difficult to obtain. The artificial cultivation cycle of edible fungi is very long. For example, the artificial cultivation cycle of Ganoderma lucidum, a precious edible fungus in my country, exceeds 6 months, which not only increases the cultivation cost of edible fungi, but also limits its application in industrial materials. As a perfect substitute for edible fungi, mycelium not only contains almost the same nutritional value as edible fungi, but also has good strength and toughness, and shows good application potential in the manufacture of various industrial products; compared with fruiting bodies, the cultivation cycle of mycelium is short, generally only about 10 days, so this greatly reduces the production cost and broadens the application prospects of mycelium as an industrial material. Applying the excellent material properties of mycelium to the manufacture of paper will greatly reduce the paper industry's consumption of forests and dependence on logs. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a method for preparing Janus paper by using mycelium and Janus paper, so as to solve the problems of waste of resources and serious pollution in related papermaking technology.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium is provided, wherein the mycelium is edible fungus mycelium, and the method comprises:

[0008] Step 1, inactivation of mycelium: placing the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium in a drying oven for drying respectively to obtain inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium, wherein the solid fermentation mycelium refers to solid fermentation edible fungus mycelium, the secondary fermentation mycelium refers to secondary fermentation edible fungus mycelium, the solid fermentation is a process of culturing edible fungus mycelium using a solid culture medium, the secondary fermentation is a process of decomposing edible fungus mycelium using another microorganism, and the edible fungus refers to edible mushrooms;

[0009] Step 2, pulverizing mycelium: the inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and the inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 1 are placed in a pulverizer and pulverized respectively; the pulverized mycelium are respectively adjusted into suspension A and suspension B with water, and the suspension A and suspension B are ground; the ground mycelium suspension A and suspension B are centrifuged using a centrifuge to separate the pulverized solid fermentation mycelium and the pulverized secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0010] Step 3, purification of solid fermentation mycelium: the broomed solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension C with water; the suspension C is centrifuged using a centrifuge to obtain a solid fermentation mycelium precipitate; the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate is placed in a sodium hydroxide solution, and the mixture of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and the sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath for stirring; water is added to the mixture and centrifugation is repeated to obtain a precipitate of purified solid fermentation mycelium;

[0011] Step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium: the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension D with water, and the suspension D is treated with a homogenizer to make it more uniform; the suspension D is placed in a constant temperature water bath, epigallocatechin gallate is added, and stirred; after stirring, the suspension D is centrifuged with a centrifuge to obtain a precipitate of gelated secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0012] Step 5, preparation of Janus paper: the purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 3 and the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 4 are respectively prepared into suspension E and suspension F with water, and the suspension E and suspension F are successively poured into a paper forming mold to form a mycelium filter cake, and the two overlapping mycelium filter cakes are pressed using a paper flattening machine, and a weight with uniform mass distribution is pressed on the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes, and the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes together with the weight is placed in an oven for drying treatment; after drying, the forming mold containing the two mycelia together with the weight is taken out and cooled at room temperature; after cooling, the weight and the mold are removed to obtain Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium.

[0013] Optionally, in step 3, the concentration range of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5 mol / L, and the concentration range of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitation in the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-50 g / 100 mL.

[0014] Optionally, in step 3, the mixed solution of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath for stirring; repeatedly adding water to the mixed solution and performing centrifugation operation to obtain a precipitate of purified solid fermentation mycelium includes: placing the mixed solution in a constant temperature water bath of 50-65°C, and using an electric stirrer to stir for 1.5-3.5 hours at a speed of 220-420 r / min; adding 2.5-3.5 times the volume of pure water to the mixed solution, centrifuging at a speed of 6500-8500 r / min for 15-20 minutes, taking the precipitate, and repeatedly adding water and centrifuging the precipitate 3-4 times to obtain a precipitate of purified solid fermentation mycelium.

[0015] Optionally, in step 4, the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to secondary fermentation mycelium is in the range of 1:50 to 1:6, and the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to total mycelium is in the range of 1:100 to 1:12, wherein the total weight of mycelium refers to the total weight of secondary fermentation mycelium and solid fermentation mycelium.

[0016] Optionally, step 4 comprises: preparing a suspension D with a concentration of 30 to 50 g / 100 mL with purified water for the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2, and treating it with a homogenizer at a speed of 16900 to 21900 r / min for 1 to 4 min; placing the suspension D in a constant temperature water bath at 75 to 95° C., adding epigallocatechin gallate to the suspension D, wherein the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate in the suspension D is 1 to 5 g / 100 mL, and stirring for 30 to 60 min with an electric stirrer at a speed of 200 to 400 r / min; and centrifuging the suspension D with a centrifuge, setting the speed to 6500 to 8500 r / min, and centrifuging for 15 to 20 min to obtain a precipitated gelatinized secondary fermentation mycelium.

[0017] Optionally, after step 2, the method further includes: using a laser particle size analyzer to screen the broomed solid fermentation mycelium and the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium, and the particle sizes thereof are both no more than 200 μm; using a fiber morphology analyzer to screen the broomed solid fermentation mycelium and the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium, and the brooming rates thereof are both no less than 50%.

[0018] Optionally, after step 3, the method further includes: using a pH meter to screen the pH value of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be 7.5±0.5; using a laser confocal fluorescence microscope to screen the average length of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be no more than 20 μm; using an oven to screen the heat resistance of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be no less than 180°C.

[0019] Optionally, after step 4, the method further comprises: using a scanning electron microscope to screen the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium to show a mesh structure; using a rheometer to screen the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium to show that the viscosity modulus is not less than 35 Pa and the elastic modulus is not less than 40 Pa; using a texture analyzer to screen the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium to show that the hardness is not less than 350 g / cm 2 .

[0020] Optionally, after step 5, the method further includes: screening solid fermentation mycelium paper with a relatively rough surface and a contact angle with the oil phase interface not exceeding 75°; screening secondary fermentation mycelium paper with a smooth surface and a contact angle with the oil phase interface between 90 and 180°; screening Janus paper with a compressive strength of not less than 3MPa, a transverse tear strength of not less than 1500mN, a longitudinal tear strength of not less than 1200mN, a transverse tensile strength of not less than 4.5kN / m, a longitudinal tensile strength of not less than 5.5kN / m, and an elongation at break of not less than 15%.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a Janus paper prepared by the method for preparing Janus paper using the mycelium.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The invention can replace the traditional method for making paper using wood, plastic coating, chemical coating and the like as main raw materials, does not require deforestation, does not rely on logs, and can protect forest resources; the edible fungus mycelium is used as the raw material to prepare the Janus paper, the raw material is natural, green, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon, and no chemical coating, plasticizer, adhesive, cross-linking agent, bleaching agent, fluorescent agent and other chemical raw materials are added, it is non-toxic to the human body, friendly to the environment, can directly contact food, reach food grade, and has a simple process and low cost; in terms of performance, the prepared Janus paper has different properties on two sides, that is, one side of the paper absorbs oil, and the other side does not leak oil, has good oil absorption, heat resistance, compressive strength, tensile strength and tearing strength, etc., is suitable for use as packaging paper, and has good application potential in industrial fields such as food and medicine, and in service fields such as express delivery and logistics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for preparing Janus paper using mycelium in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process in an implementation scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The microscopic morphology of the purified solid fermentation mycelium;

[0028] Figure 4 It is the microscopic morphology of the mesh structure of the gelatinized secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0029] Figure 5This is the molecular structure diagram of solid fermentation mycelium paper;

[0030] Figure 6 This is the molecular structure diagram of secondary fermentation mycelium paper;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the prepared Janus paper morphology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0034] In addition, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0035] Embodiment 1 of the present invention:

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium, which uses edible mushroom mycelium as the main raw material for preparing the paper.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1, inactivation of mycelium: placing the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium in a drying oven for drying respectively to obtain inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0039] The solid fermentation mycelium refers to the solid fermentation mycelium of edible fungi, and the secondary fermentation mycelium refers to the secondary fermentation mycelium of edible fungi. To avoid the prefix being too long, solid fermentation mycelium and secondary fermentation mycelium are used to refer to them respectively in the following.

[0040] Edible fungi refer to edible mushrooms, including mycelium, fruiting bodies and spores. Common edible fungi include: shiitake mushrooms, straw mushrooms, button mushrooms, black fungus, white fungus, hericium, bamboo fungus, matsutake, trichoderma, red mushroom, ganoderma, cordyceps, truffle, white mushroom and boletus, etc. Edible fungi mycelium is formed by the germination and reproduction of edible fungi spores.

[0041] The edible fungi and edible fungi hyphae used in the present invention are both available to the public through conventional channels and are not limited to a specific edible fungi hyphae.

[0042] Janus, that is, Janus, Janus paper refers to paper with different properties on both sides. In the present invention, Janus paper is mainly composed of two parts, namely, solid fermented edible fungus mycelium and secondary fermented edible fungus mycelium. Among them, solid fermentation refers to the process of using solid culture medium to cultivate edible fungus mycelium in the absence of or very little free water, so that it can undergo biological reaction and grow and reproduce. In other words, solid fermentation is the process of using solid culture medium to cultivate edible fungus mycelium. Solid culture medium often uses crops such as wheat, corn, soybeans and their processing by-products, such as bran, corn flour, soybean meal, etc. as main raw materials. These substances are rich in carbon sources, nitrogen sources and other nutrients, and can provide the required nutrition for mycelium growth. Secondary fermentation is to use edible fungus mycelium as raw material, and adopt Trichoderma fermentation. During the fermentation process, chitin in mycelium is separated from substances such as cellulose and protein, and then, after the fermentation liquid is centrifuged and washed with water, the final precipitate is a complex of chitin and glucan. In other words, secondary fermentation is the process of using another microorganism to decompose edible fungus mycelium.

[0043] In order to remove moisture from the mycelium and achieve the purpose of inactivation at the same time, this step dries the solid fermented edible fungus mycelium and the secondary fermented edible fungus mycelium respectively. The drying method can be high-temperature heating drying, vacuum drying, etc. The drying time can be adjusted according to actual conditions to achieve a good inactivation effect and retain the mycelium fiber characteristics.

[0044] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, electric blast is used to dry the mycelium, specifically: the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium are placed in an electric blast drying oven respectively, and treated at a temperature of 45 to 65° C. for 6 to 12 hours.

[0045] Step 2, pulverizing mycelium: the inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and the inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 1 are placed in a pulverizer and pulverized respectively; the pulverized mycelium is adjusted with water to form suspension A and suspension B respectively, wherein suspension A is a suspension composed of inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and water, and suspension B is a suspension composed of inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium and water, and the suspension A and suspension B are ground; the ground suspension A and suspension B are centrifuged using a centrifuge to separate the pulverized solid fermentation mycelium and the pulverized secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0046] Flossing refers to the phenomenon that the fiber cell wall produces fluff, tearing, and splitting after the pulp is beaten in the pulping and papermaking production. In the papermaking process, the fiber flossing is very important. When the fiber is flossing, its specific surface area will increase. The originally smooth fiber will be split and fluffed after being treated by beating, just like a branch becomes more fluffy. Such fibers can be better interwoven during papermaking, thereby improving the strength, uniformity and tightness of the paper. Paper made of unflossing fibers has poor performance and low tensile strength. Because the combination between the fibers is not tight enough, when stretched, the fibers are easy to slide against each other and cause the paper to break. The distribution of unflossing fibers in the paper is relatively messy, and it is easy to have local fiber accumulation or looseness, resulting in uneven texture of the paper. The fibers that have been flossing can better interweave and entangle with each other. When the paper is subjected to tensile force, these tightly interwoven fibers can jointly withstand external forces, so that the paper is not easy to break and improve the tensile strength of the paper. In addition, because the distribution of the fibers after flossing is more uniform, the texture of the paper in the thickness direction and plane direction can be made more uniform.

[0047] In this example, the pulp is mycelium pulp. By crushing and grinding the inactivated mycelium, the mycelium is further refined and broomed. The successfully broomed mycelium fibers will show obvious filamentation. For example, the originally smooth and complete fibers will be like brushes after brooming, with many tiny branches on the fiber surface. These filaments can increase the interweaving ability between the fibers. The fiber length remains basically unchanged, but the width may increase due to filamentation. This is because when the fiber is subjected to mechanical action (such as crushing and grinding), the internal fine fiber structure is opened and extends from the fiber body to the surrounding, making the fiber look "fat" as a whole. The broomed mycelium suspension is then centrifuged in a centrifuge to separate the broomed (i.e. more finely dispersed) solid fermentation mycelium and secondary fermentation mycelium.

[0048] In one embodiment, the specific steps of the mycelium brooming in step 2 are: placing the inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and the inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 1 in a pulverizer, respectively, and treating them at a power of 3000W for 1 to 4 minutes; then, the two crushed mycelia are respectively adjusted with pure water to form an inactivated solid fermentation mycelium suspension A and an inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium suspension B, so that the concentration of mycelium in suspension A and suspension B is 30 to 50g / 100mL; using a disc grinder to grind the suspension A and suspension B respectively, setting the rotation speed to 3000 to 10000r / min, and treating for 20 to 60min; then using a centrifuge to centrifuge the ground suspension A and suspension B respectively, the rotation speed is 6500 to 8500r / min, and centrifuging for 10 to 20min to obtain broomed solid fermentation mycelium and broomed secondary fermentation mycelium.

[0049] After step 2, the method further includes screening the obtained broomed solid fermentation mycelium and broomed secondary fermentation mycelium, and using a laser particle size analyzer to screen the broomed solid fermentation mycelium and the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium to find that the particle sizes are no more than 200 μm; and using a fiber morphology analyzer to screen the broomed solid fermentation mycelium and the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium to find that the brooming rates are no less than 50%.

[0050] Laser particle size analyzer can measure particle size distribution data. Fiber morphology analyzer can observe and analyze fiber morphology characteristics, such as length, width, fine fiber content, fiber curl and kink, etc. It can be used to identify the quality of fiber raw materials, guide pulping condition control, predict pulp coating, and identify the quality of pulping process.

[0051] The brooming rate is an indicator used to measure the degree of fiber brooming, such as fiber splitting and fluffing, after the fiber is subjected to mechanical or chemical action during the pulping process. It is mainly used in the papermaking industry. The determination of fiber brooming rate can be carried out in accordance with the national standard GB / T 22836-2008 "Determination of the brooming rate of pulp fibers", or by counting the number of broomed fibers and the total number of fibers, according to the formula: brooming rate = (number of broomed fibers / total number of fibers) × 100%.

[0052] It should be noted that some specific operating instruments (such as disc grinders), operating values ​​(such as processing for 1 to 4 minutes at a power of 3000W), screening thresholds (such as particle size not exceeding 200μm), etc. are provided in the embodiments of the present invention. These data are optimal settings determined based on experience and multiple experiments. It can be understood that those skilled in the art can flexibly select existing technologies according to specific circumstances in actual operations to achieve the same operating effect under the overall technical framework of this case, and can also flexibly adjust these values ​​to achieve the best operating conditions and screening conditions. For example, according to the scale of paper to be prepared and the actual situation of mycelium, select appropriate crushing and grinding methods and time, and select higher or lower screening conditions according to the standards to be achieved. The following operating steps are similar and will not be repeated.

[0053] Step 3, purification of solid fermentation mycelium: the broomed solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension C with water; the suspension C is centrifuged using a centrifuge to obtain a solid fermentation mycelium precipitate; the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate is placed in a sodium hydroxide solution, and the mixture of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and the sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath for stirring; water is added to the mixture and centrifugation is repeated to obtain a precipitate of purified solid fermentation mycelium;

[0054] The purpose of sodium hydroxide in this step is to remove protein and fat in the solid fermentation mycelium. Protein and fat will have an adverse effect on the papermaking process and paper properties. For example, protein and fat are not easy to be dispersed and dissolved in the pulping process, and are easy to form agglomerates, which interfere with the pulping process and cause the pulp uniformity to decrease; the strength of paper mainly comes from the hydrogen bonding between fibers, and protein and fat are non-fibrous components, which will interfere with the close contact and hydrogen bond formation between fibers, affecting the strength of paper; in addition, protein and fat are easy to deteriorate during the storage of paper, affecting the quality of paper.

[0055] In the papermaking process, by adjusting the concentration of sodium hydroxide and the treatment time, non-fiber components such as protein and fat in the mycelium can be effectively removed, thereby improving the uniformity of pulp and the performance of paper. The concentration of the NaOH solution can be adjusted according to the tolerance of the solid fermentation mycelium. Preferably, the concentration range of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5 mol / L, and the concentration range of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitation in the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-50 g / 100 mL.

[0056] The constant temperature water bath can keep the mixed solution at a certain temperature, promoting the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment.

[0057] Repeated water addition and centrifugation operations can remove impurities and NaOH solution residues in the solid fermentation mycelium, and the number of repetitions can be determined according to the cleaning effect.

[0058] In one embodiment, the purification of the solid fermentation mycelium in step 3 specifically includes: the solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension C with a concentration of 30 to 50 g / 100 mL with pure water, and the suspension is placed in a constant temperature water bath of 70 to 85 ° C, and an electric stirrer is used to stir for 30 to 60 min at a speed of 200 to 400 r / min; the suspension C is centrifuged in a centrifuge, the speed is set to 6500 to 8500 r / min, and the centrifugation is performed for 15 to 20 min; the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate obtained by centrifugation is placed in 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L hydrogen In the sodium oxide solution, the concentration of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate in the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-50 g / 100 mL, the mixed solution of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and the sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath of 50-65° C., and an electric stirrer is used to stir for 1.5-3.5 hours at a speed of 220-420 r / min; then, 2.5-3.5 times the volume of pure water is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is centrifuged at a speed of 6500-8500 r / min for 15-20 minutes, the precipitate is taken, and the water addition and centrifugation operations are repeated 3-4 times to obtain the precipitate as purified solid fermentation mycelium.

[0059] Through the above operations, the broomed solid fermentation mycelium can be purified to obtain solid fermentation mycelium with higher purity.

[0060] After step 3, the method also includes screening the purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained, specifically: using a pH meter to screen the pH value of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be 7.5±0.5; using a laser confocal fluorescence microscope to screen the average length of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be no more than 20 μm; using an oven to screen the heat resistance of the purified solid fermentation mycelium to be no less than 180°C.

[0061] pH meter, also known as acid-base tester, can measure the pH value of the object being tested.

[0062] Laser confocal fluorescence microscopy can observe and measure the length of hyphae. By recording the hyphae length data, hyphae that meet the length requirements can be screened out.

[0063] The heat resistance is measured by placing a certain amount of purified solid fermentation mycelium in an oven, setting the temperature to 180°C for a certain period of time, observing and recording the changes in the mycelium during the heating process, such as color, morphology, etc., and screening out the mycelium that can still maintain a good morphology after heating.

[0064] The quality of the purified solid fermentation mycelium can be further ensured by screening.

[0065] Step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium: the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension D with water, and the suspension D is treated with a homogenizer to make it more uniform; the suspension D is placed in a constant temperature water bath, epigallocatechin gallate is added, and stirred; after stirring, the suspension D is centrifuged with a centrifuge to obtain a precipitate of gelated secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0066] Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most effective active ingredient in tea polyphenols and has strong antioxidant properties. Adding epigallocatechin gallate to the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium can bridge the mycelium hydroxyl groups and help the secondary fermentation mycelium form a three-dimensional network gel structure. The amount of EGCG added can be adjusted according to specific needs and experimental conditions to achieve the best gelation effect and functional properties.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present embodiment, the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to secondary fermentation mycelium is in the range of 1:50 to 1:6, and the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to the total weight of mycelium (i.e., the total weight of secondary fermentation mycelium and solid fermentation mycelium) is in the range of 1:100 to 1:12.

[0068] In one embodiment, step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium includes: preparing a suspension D with a concentration of 30 to 50 g / 100 mL with purified water for the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2, and treating it with a homogenizer at a speed of 16900 to 21900 r / min for 1 to 4 min; placing the suspension D in a constant temperature water bath at 75 to 95° C., adding epigallocatechin gallate to the suspension D, wherein the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate in the suspension D is 1 to 5 g / 100 mL, and stirring for 30 to 60 min with an electric stirrer at a speed of 200 to 400 r / min; and centrifuging the suspension D with a centrifuge, setting the speed to 6500 to 8500 r / min, and centrifuging for 15 to 20 min to obtain a precipitate of gelled secondary fermentation mycelium.

[0069] Furthermore, after step 4, the method further comprises screening the obtained gelled secondary fermentation mycelium, specifically: using a scanning electron microscope to screen the gelled mycelium to show a mesh structure; using a rheometer to screen the gelled mycelium to show that the viscosity modulus is not less than 35 Pa and the elastic modulus is not less than 40 Pa; using a texture analyzer to screen the gelled mycelium to show that the hardness is not less than 350 g / cm 2 .

[0070] Step 5, preparation of Janus paper: the purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 3 and the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 4 are respectively prepared into suspension E and suspension F with water, wherein suspension E is a purified solid fermentation mycelium suspension and suspension F is a gelled secondary fermentation mycelium suspension, suspension E and suspension F are successively poured into a paper forming mold to form a mycelium filter cake, and the two overlapping mycelium filter cakes are pressed using a paper flattening machine, a weight with uniform mass distribution is pressed on the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes, and the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes is placed in an oven together with the weight for drying; after drying, the forming mold containing the two mycelia is taken out together with the weight and cooled at room temperature; after cooling, the weight and the mold are removed to obtain Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium.

[0071] The Janus paper in the present invention comprises two sides, one side is composed of solid fermentation mycelium, and the other side is composed of secondary fermentation mycelium. The two-layer paper is formed by stacking, and each layer has unique characteristics. Among them, the paper surface composed of purified solid fermentation mycelium is relatively rough, which makes it have a certain adsorption capacity for grease and has an oleophilic (oil-absorbing) characteristic; while the paper surface composed of gelled secondary fermentation mycelium has a smooth and dense surface after gelation treatment, has oleophobic ability, can prevent grease from penetrating, and has an oleophobic (oil-proof) characteristic.

[0072] First, the purified solid fermentation mycelium suspension is poured into the paper forming mold. After it forms a layer of filter cake, the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium suspension is poured into the mold to form a second layer of filter cake, forming a mycelium filter cake with a two-layer structure, each layer of which contains different mycelium types. Then, a paper flattening machine is used to preliminarily press the two overlapping mycelium filter cakes to remove excess water and make the filter cakes more compact. Then a weight is pressed on the mold to further increase the density and strength of the paper. The mold and the weight are placed in an oven for drying. The temperature and time of the oven can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the mycelium and the desired degree of drying of the paper. After drying, the weight is placed at room temperature to cool to prevent the paper from deforming or cracking due to temperature changes when it is taken out. Remove the weight and mold to obtain a complete Janus paper.

[0073] In one embodiment, step 5, the preparation of Janus paper specifically includes: the purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 3 and the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 4 are respectively prepared into suspensions E and F with a concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 g / 100 mL with purified water, and the suspensions E and F are successively poured into a rectangular mold with a width of 18 cm and a length of 29 cm to form a rectangular mycelium filter cake with a thickness of 90 to 240 g / m 2; Then, use a paper flattening machine to press the two overlapping rectangular mycelium filter cakes for 15 to 30 minutes; then, press a 5 kg weight with uniform mass distribution on the rectangular paper mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes, place the rectangular paper mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes together with the weight in an oven, set the temperature to 110 to 130° C., and dry it for 2 to 4 hours; then, take out the paper mold containing the two mycelia together with the weight, place it at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours, remove the weight and the mold, and obtain Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium.

[0074] Further, after step 5, the method further includes screening edible fungus mycelium Janus paper with a non-shrinking, non-deformed, uniform thickness, uniform and flat paper surface, and good symmetry between the solid fermentation mycelium paper surface and the secondary fermentation mycelium paper surface, specifically: screening solid fermentation mycelium paper surface is relatively rough and the contact angle with the oil phase interface is not more than 75°; screening secondary fermentation mycelium paper surface is smooth and the contact angle with the oil phase interface is 90-180°; screening compressive strength is not less than 3MPa, transverse tear strength is not less than 1500mN, longitudinal tear strength is not less than 1200mN, transverse tensile strength is not less than 4.5kN / m, longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 5.5kN / m, and elongation at break is not less than 15%. Among them, the oil phase interface contact angle can be measured by a contact angle meter, the compressive strength can be obtained by using a pressure testing machine, and the tear strength and tensile strength can be tested by a tensile testing machine.

[0075] The components of the Janus paper of the present invention include: solid fermentation mycelia and secondary fermentation mycelia obtained by solid fermentation and secondary fermentation of edible fungi mycelia respectively, and epigallocatechin gallate, the ratio of solid fermentation mycelia to secondary fermentation mycelia is generally 1:1, the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to secondary fermentation mycelia is 1:50-1:6, and the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to the total weight of mycelia is 1:100-1:12.

[0076] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a Janus paper, which is prepared by the method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium.

[0077] The Janus paper in the embodiment of the present invention comprises two sides, one side is a solid fermentation mycelium paper side, and the other side is a secondary fermentation mycelium paper side.

[0078] The mechanism of the present invention using edible fungus mycelium to prepare Janus paper is that Janus paper refers to paper with different properties on both sides, and the present invention is realized by means of the different characteristics of solid fermentation mycelium and secondary fermentation mycelium. In terms of chemical composition, the main components of solid fermentation mycelium and secondary fermentation mycelium are glucan, chitin and protein, etc., and purification treatment is used to remove components such as protein in mycelium, and chitin and glucan are retained; during the treatment process, chitin and glucan in mycelium form a composite structure, chitin plays a skeleton role, and glucan is used as a filler to fill the skeleton formed by chitin, thereby enhancing the toughness and strength of chitin, which gives mycelium the material properties of papermaking; moreover, through the preliminary grinding treatment, the brooming rate of mycelium is improved, the hydroxyl groups exposed by mycelium are increased, and the efficiency of mycelium hydrogen bonding through hydroxyl groups is improved, and these factors jointly promote the formation of paper and give the solid fermentation mycelium paper the flexibility, hydrophobicity and oil absorption. In addition, epigallocatechin gallate is a natural antioxidant derived from green tea, which has the function of bridging the hydroxyl groups of mycelium; epigallocatechin gallate interacts with the hydroxyl groups of mycelium through hydrogen bonds, consumes the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of mycelium, helps to reduce the hydrophilicity of mycelium and increase the lipophilicity of mycelium. At the same time, with the help of the bridging effect of epigallocatechin gallate, it helps the secondary fermentation mycelium to form a three-dimensional network gel structure, which can not only enhance the compressive strength, tensile strength and tear strength of mycelium paper, but also fix the oil in the mycelium gel network structure, and play the role of preventing oil leakage. Therefore, mycelium paper can simultaneously achieve multiple advantages such as paper safety, material properties, and double-sidedness.

[0079] Embodiment 2 of the present invention:

[0080] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0081] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a process in an implementation scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium in the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0082] Step 1, inactivation of mycelium:

[0083] The solid fermented edible fungus mycelium and the secondary fermented edible fungus mycelium were placed in an electric heated air drying oven, respectively, and treated at a temperature of 45° C. for 12 hours to obtain inactivated solid fermented mycelium and inactivated secondary fermented mycelium;

[0084] Step 2, mycelium brooming:

[0085] The inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and the inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 1 are placed in a pulverizer respectively, and treated at a power of 3000W for 3min; then, the two crushed mycelia are adjusted to an inactivated solid fermentation mycelium suspension and an inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium suspension with purified water, so that the concentration of mycelium is 33g / 100mL; the two mycelium suspensions are ground by a disc grinder, the speed is set to 9990r / min, and the treatment is carried out for 35min; the two mycelium suspensions after grinding are centrifuged by a centrifuge, the speed is 7500r / min, and the centrifugation is carried out for 15min, to obtain broomed solid fermentation mycelium and broomed secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0086] The particle sizes of the solid fermentation hyphae and the secondary fermentation hyphae screened by the laser particle size analyzer are both no more than 200 μm; the brooming rates of the solid fermentation hyphae and the secondary fermentation hyphae screened by the fiber morphology analyzer are both no less than 50%;

[0087] If the mycelium meets the screening conditions, the next step will be executed. Otherwise, the mycelium will be broomed again until the screening conditions are met or the mycelium is eliminated. The screening in the following steps is the same and will not be described in detail.

[0088] Step 3, purification of solid fermentation mycelium:

[0089] The solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 was prepared into a solid fermentation mycelium suspension with a concentration of 33g / 100mL with pure water, placed in a constant temperature water bath at 85°C, and stirred for 40min with an electric stirrer at a speed of 200r / min; the solid fermentation mycelium suspension was centrifuged with a centrifuge, the speed was set to 7500r / min, and centrifuged for 15min; the mycelium precipitate obtained by centrifugation was placed in a 1mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of the mycelium precipitate in the sodium hydroxide solution was 33g / 100mL, the mixed solution was placed in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C, and stirred for 3h with an electric stirrer at a speed of 300r / min; then, 3 times the volume of pure water was added to the mixed solution, and the mixture was centrifuged at a speed of 7500r / min for 15min, the precipitate was taken, and the water addition and centrifugation operations were repeated 3 times to obtain a solid fermentation mycelium with a purified precipitate; refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The microscopic morphology of the purified solid fermentation mycelium;

[0090] The pH value of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by a pH meter is 7.5±0.5; the average length of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by a laser confocal fluorescence microscope is no more than 20 μm; the heat resistance of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by an oven is no less than 180°C;

[0091] Step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium:

[0092] The broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a broomed secondary fermentation mycelium suspension with purified water at a concentration of 33g / 100mL, and treated with a homogenizer at a speed of 19990r / min for 3min; the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium suspension is placed in a 90°C constant temperature water bath, and epigallocatechin gallate is added to the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium suspension, wherein the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate in the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium suspension is 3g / 100mL, and an electric stirrer is used to stir for 45min at a speed of 240r / min; the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium suspension is centrifuged by a centrifuge, the speed is set to 7500r / min, and the centrifugation is performed for 15min to obtain a precipitated gelled secondary fermentation mycelium; refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is the microscopic morphology of the mesh structure of the gelatinized secondary fermentation mycelium;

[0093] The gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by scanning electron microscope showed a mesh structure; the viscosity modulus of the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by rheometer was not less than 35Pa, and the elastic modulus was not less than 40Pa; the hardness of the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by texture analyzer was not less than 350g / cm 2 ;

[0094] Step 5, Preparation of Janus Paper:

[0095] The purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 3 and the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 4 were respectively prepared into a purified solid fermentation mycelium suspension and a gelled secondary fermentation mycelium suspension with a concentration of 1 g / 100 mL with purified water, and the two mycelium suspensions were successively poured into a rectangular mold with a width of 18 cm and a length of 29 cm to form a rectangular mycelium filter cake with a thickness of 125 g / m 2 ; Then, use a paper flattening machine to press the two overlapping rectangular mycelium filter cakes for 30 minutes; then press a 5kg weight with uniform mass distribution on the rectangular paper mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes, place the rectangular paper mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes together with the weight in an oven, set the temperature to 115°C, and dry it for 3 hours; then, take out the paper mold containing the two mycelium together with the weight, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, remove the weight and the mold, and obtain Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium;

[0096] Screen Janus paper with no shrinkage, no deformation, uniform thickness, uniform, smooth and flat paper surface, and good symmetry between the solid fermentation mycelium paper surface and the secondary fermentation mycelium paper surface; screen the oil phase interface contact angle of the solid fermentation mycelium paper surface not exceeding 75°; screen the oil phase interface contact angle of the secondary fermentation mycelium paper surface between 90 and 180°; screen the Janus paper with compressive strength not less than 3MPa, transverse tear strength not less than 1500mN, longitudinal tear strength not less than 1200mN, transverse tensile strength not less than 4.5kN / m, longitudinal tensile strength not less than 5.5kN / m, and elongation at break not less than 15%.

[0097] After the above implementation steps, the Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium is processed, and the molecular structure of the solid fermentation mycelium paper surface is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the molecular structure of the secondary fermentation mycelium paper is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the prepared Janus paper morphology is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0098] The steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted in order, combined and deleted according to actual needs. In the scheme of the present invention, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For the part that is not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, refer to the relevant description of other embodiments. The various technical features of the technical solution of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, all possible combinations of the various technical features in the embodiment are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

[0099] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium, characterized in that: The mycelium is edible mushroom mycelium, and the method comprises: Step 1, inactivation of mycelium: placing the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium in a drying oven for drying respectively to obtain inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium, wherein the solid fermentation mycelium refers to solid fermentation edible fungus mycelium, the secondary fermentation mycelium refers to secondary fermentation edible fungus mycelium, the solid fermentation is a process of culturing edible fungus mycelium using a solid culture medium, the secondary fermentation is a process of decomposing edible fungus mycelium using another microorganism, and the edible fungus refers to edible mushrooms; Step 2, pulverizing mycelium: the inactivated solid fermentation mycelium and the inactivated secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 1 are placed in a pulverizer and pulverized respectively; the pulverized mycelium is adjusted into suspension A and suspension B respectively with water, and the suspension A and suspension B are ground; the ground suspension A and suspension B are centrifuged respectively using a centrifuge to separate the pulverized solid fermentation mycelium and the pulverized secondary fermentation mycelium; Step 3, purification of solid fermentation mycelium: the broomed solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension C with water; the suspension C is centrifuged using a centrifuge to obtain a solid fermentation mycelium precipitate; the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate is placed in a sodium hydroxide solution, and the mixture of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and the sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath for stirring; water is added to the mixture and centrifugation is repeated to obtain a precipitate of purified solid fermentation mycelium; Step 4, gelation of secondary fermentation mycelium: the broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension D with water, and the suspension D is treated with a homogenizer to make it more uniform; the suspension D is placed in a constant temperature water bath, epigallocatechin gallate is added, and stirred; after stirring, the suspension D is centrifuged with a centrifuge to obtain a precipitate of gelated secondary fermentation mycelium; Step 5, preparation of Janus paper: the purified solid fermentation mycelium obtained in step 3 and the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 4 are respectively prepared into suspension E and suspension F with water, and the suspension E and suspension F are successively poured into a paper forming mold to form a mycelium filter cake, and the two overlapping mycelium filter cakes are pressed using a paper flattening machine, and a weight with uniform mass distribution is pressed on the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes, and the forming mold containing the two mycelium filter cakes together with the weight is placed in an oven for drying treatment; after drying, the forming mold containing the two mycelia together with the weight is taken out and cooled at room temperature; after cooling, the weight and the mold are removed to obtain Janus paper prepared from edible fungus mycelium.

2. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the concentration range of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.5 mol / L, and the concentration range of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitation in the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-50 g / 100 mL.

3. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the mixture of the solid fermentation mycelium precipitate and sodium hydroxide is placed in a constant temperature water bath for stirring; water is added to the mixture and centrifugation is repeated to obtain a purified solid fermentation mycelium precipitate, which comprises: Place the mixture in a constant temperature water bath at 50-65°C and stir with an electric stirrer at a speed of 220-420 r / min for 1.5-3.5 h; Add 2.5 to 3.5 times the volume of pure water to the mixed solution, centrifuge for 15 to 20 minutes at a rotation speed of 6500 to 8500 r / min, take the precipitate, repeat the water addition and centrifugation operation 3 to 4 times to obtain the precipitate as purified solid fermentation mycelium.

4. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to secondary fermentation mycelium is in the range of 1:50 to 1:6, and the weight ratio of epigallocatechin gallate to total mycelium is in the range of 1:100 to 1:12, wherein the total mycelium weight refers to the total weight of secondary fermentation mycelium and solid fermentation mycelium.

5. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 comprises: The broomed secondary fermentation mycelium obtained in step 2 is prepared into a suspension D with a concentration of 30 to 50 g / 100 mL with purified water, and treated with a homogenizer at a speed of 16900 to 21900 r / min for 1 to 4 min; The suspension D is placed in a constant temperature water bath at 75-95°C, epigallocatechin gallate is added to the suspension D, the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate in the suspension D is 1-5 g / 100 mL, and an electric stirrer is used to stir at a speed of 200-400 r / min for 30-60 min; The suspension D is centrifuged in a centrifuge, the speed is set at 6500-8500 r / min, and the centrifugation is performed for 15-20 minutes to obtain a precipitate of gelatinized secondary fermentation mycelium.

6. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After step 2, the method further comprises: The particle sizes of the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium screened by a laser particle size analyzer are both no more than 200 μm; the brooming rates of the solid fermentation mycelium and the secondary fermentation mycelium screened by a fiber morphology analyzer are both no less than 50%.

7. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After step 3, the method further comprises: The pH value of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by a pH meter is 7.5±0.5; the average length of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by a laser confocal fluorescence microscope is no more than 20 μm; the heat resistance of the purified solid fermentation mycelium screened by an oven is not less than 180°C.

8. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After step 4, the method further comprises: The gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by scanning electron microscope showed a mesh structure; the viscosity modulus of the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by rheometer was not less than 35Pa, and the elastic modulus was not less than 40Pa; the hardness of the gelled secondary fermentation mycelium screened by texture analyzer was not less than 350g / cm 2 .

9. The method for preparing Janus paper using mycelium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After step 5, the method further comprises: The contact angle of the oil phase interface on the surface of the solid fermentation mycelium paper is not more than 75°; the contact angle of the oil phase interface on the surface of the secondary fermentation mycelium paper is between 90 and 180°; the compressive strength is not less than 3MPa, the transverse tear strength is not less than 1500mN, the longitudinal tear strength is not less than 1200mN, the transverse tensile strength is not less than 4.5kN / m, the longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 5.5kN / m, and the elongation at break is not less than 15%.

10. A Janus paper, characterized in that: The Janus paper is prepared by the method for preparing Janus paper from mycelium according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images