Million-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of synchrotron radiation technology and laser welding, and discloses a myriawatt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology, which comprises a laser connected with an incident optical fiber and used for generating laser; and the base comprises a horizontal displacement mechanism, a lifting table and a clamping mechanism, and the clamping mechanism is used for fixing a sample piece to be welded. A relatively closed space is created through the reaction cover, and smoke dust generated by laser welding is pumped away from the top through the dust removal equipment so as to meet the requirement for protecting the in-situ environment; the reaction cover is provided with the high-energy X-ray observation window, the dynamic evolution process of a molten pool and a small hole in the welding process can be recorded in real time through the high-energy X-ray observation system while laser welding is conducted, and therefore the myriawatt-level laser welding molten pool and the small hole can be observed more accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of synchrotron radiation technology and laser welding technology, and in particular relates to a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology. Background Art

[0002] The 10,000-watt high-power laser welding technology is a technology that uses laser energy to achieve rapid melting and solidification of the base material, which can achieve high-efficiency and low-deformation welding of medium-thick wall components. 10,000-watt high-power laser welding faces the problems of poor welding process stability and easy occurrence of defects such as pores / spatter. The dynamic behavior of the molten pool-keyhole is a crucial feature of laser welding stability, which determines the final macroscopic morphology of the weld and the existence of defects. Studying the evolution process of the molten pool-keyhole can establish the correlation between process parameters and macroscopic forming, which helps to clarify the defect formation mechanism and achieve good macroscopic forming of welded components by optimizing process parameters.

[0003] At present, the observation of laser welding molten pool / keyhole adopts the "sandwich" method, that is, metal materials are sandwiched between transparent glass and then photographed with high-speed camera. However, this method is difficult to observe the microstructural evolution of the molten pool keyhole wall. In addition, the physical process of transparent materials such as glass and laser deep penetration welding of metal materials is too different. The conclusion can only provide limited reference for the actual laser deep penetration welding mechanism and lacks true reliability.

[0004] At the same time, high-energy synchrotron radiation sources have advantages such as high brightness, high temporal and spatial resolution, and high penetration, which can provide key characterization means and methods to solve the above problems. However, the high radiation, immobility, and low-dust environment requirements of synchrotron radiation sources make it impossible to carry out research on traditional industrial-grade laser welding devices at their beamline stations.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0006] At present, the observation of laser welding molten pool / keyhole is done by connecting transparent glass with metal materials and then taking pictures with high-speed camera. This method is too different from the physical process of actual laser deep melting welding of metal materials using transparent materials such as glass, and it is difficult to observe the microstructure evolution of the molten pool keyhole wall. Therefore, its conclusion can only provide limited reference for the actual laser deep melting welding mechanism and lacks real reliability.

[0007] The control module of the existing laser welding device will fail due to the influence of the high-energy synchrotron radiation light source; and it is unable to handle the smoke and dust generated by laser welding, which affects the on-site environment. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology.

[0009] The present invention is implemented as follows: a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology comprises:

[0010] A laser, connected to the incident optical fiber, for generating laser light;

[0011] The base comprises a horizontal displacement mechanism, a lifting platform and a clamping structure, wherein the clamping mechanism fixes the sample to be welded, the lifting platform support plate is connected to the clamping mechanism to adjust the position of the sample to be welded in the Z direction, the two ends of the lifting platform are respectively connected to the support plate and the bottom plate, and the height of the support plate can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the lifting mechanism; the horizontal displacement mechanism is connected to the lifting mechanism support plate to adjust the position in the X direction or the Y direction;

[0012] A workpiece table, which is used to fix the base, the gantry and the laser welding head;

[0013] A reaction cover, which can be assembled with the workpiece table to enclose a closed space together, and the sample to be welded and the base are located in the closed space. The reaction cover is provided with a pipeline inlet, a laser welding observation window, a high-energy X-ray incident window and a high-energy X-ray observation window. The pipeline inlet is externally connected to a protective gas storage tank and a compressed air storage tank, and the laser optical fiber of the optical path system can pass through the pipeline inlet;

[0014] A high-energy X-ray observation system, comprising a high-energy X-ray generator, an imaging detector and an infrared temperature measuring device, wherein the high-energy X-ray generator can emit high-energy X-rays to the X-ray incident window, and the high-energy X-rays pass through the welding sample and then pass through the X-ray observation window to the imaging detector, wherein the imaging detector is used to dynamically image the high-energy X-rays, and the infrared temperature measuring device measures the temperature of the welding sample through the high-energy X-ray observation window;

[0015] The control system is characterized in that the lifting mechanism and the horizontal displacement system are electrically connected to and controlled by the control system.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser welding in-situ observation device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology also includes a cooling system.

[0017] Furthermore, the cooling system includes a water cooler, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, both ends of the water inlet pipe and both ends of the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the optical path box and the water chiller, the cooling water in the water chiller enters the optical path box through the water inlet pipe for heat exchange, and the heated cooling water enters the water chiller through the water outlet pipe for re-cooling.

[0019] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping seat, a first mounting member, a second mounting member and two clamping plates.

[0020] Furthermore, the first mounting member is fixedly connected to the lifting mechanism by bolts, and a U-shaped groove is provided in the first mounting member. The two clamping plates can be placed in the U-shaped groove after clamping the sample to be welded.

[0021] Furthermore, the second mounting member is fixedly connected to the first mounting member via bolts and can fix the sample to be welded in the groove.

[0022] Furthermore, the laser welding in-situ observation device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology also includes a horizontal displacement mechanism, which includes an X-direction slide rail assembly and a Y-direction slide rail assembly that are connected to each other, and the lifting mechanism is connected to the X-direction slide rail assembly or the Y-direction slide rail assembly; the X-direction slide rail assembly drives the lifting mechanism to move along the X direction, and the Y-direction slide rail assembly drives the lifting mechanism to move along the Y direction.

[0023] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism is specifically a hydraulic push rod, an electric push rod or a scissor lift mechanism.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology. The observation method comprises:

[0025] S1, fix the sample to be welded on the clamping mechanism;

[0026] S2, assembling the reaction cover and the workpiece table so that the sample to be welded is contained in a relatively closed space;

[0027] S3, pipeline entrance, adjust the horizontal displacement mechanism so that the sample to be welded faces the laser injection direction;

[0028] S4, adjusting the high-energy X-ray generator, the imaging detector and the infrared temperature measuring device so that the high-energy X-ray generator faces the X-ray incident window, the imaging detector faces the X-ray observation window, and the infrared temperature measuring device is aimed at the side surface of the sample;

[0029] S5, start the high-energy X-ray generator, imaging detector and infrared temperature measurement equipment, and start recording the detection data;

[0030] S6, start the protective gas, compressed air and dust removal equipment;

[0031] S7, start the 10,000-watt high-power laser, and the control system controls the horizontal displacement mechanism to move to achieve welding of the sample to be welded;

[0032] S8, the experiment ends, the 10,000-watt high-power laser is turned off, and the dynamic imaging measured by the imaging detector and the temperature data measured by the infrared temperature measurement device are analyzed.

[0033] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0034] First, the present application creates a relatively closed space through the reaction hood, and removes the floating smoke generated by laser welding from the top through the dust removal equipment to meet the requirements of protecting the in-situ environment;

[0035] This application prevents high-energy X-rays from affecting the control module inside the workpiece table by laying a 10mm thick lead plate shielding layer on the surface of the workpiece table;

[0036] The reaction hood of the present application is provided with a high-energy X-ray observation window, which can record the dynamic evolution of the molten pool and the keyhole during the welding process in real time through the high-energy X-ray observation system while laser welding is being performed, thereby enabling more accurate observation of the molten pool and keyhole of 10,000-watt laser welding.

[0037] The dimensions of the high-energy X-ray incident window and the observation window of the present application can both ensure the maximum X-ray size range and reduce the escape of smoke and dust generated by laser welding.

[0038] The present application maintains the position of the welding head unchanged during the laser welding process, and drives the workpiece to move by means of a slide rail, thereby enabling a wider range of observation of the 10,000-watt laser welding molten pool and small holes.

[0039] Second, the technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad:

[0040] The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology of the present invention realizes accurate monitoring and analysis of the dynamic behavior of the molten pool and keyhole in the laser welding process through real-time, high-resolution imaging, breaking through the technical limitation that the traditional method cannot truly observe the internal dynamics of the welding material in situ. The device fills the technical gap in the field of in-situ observation of deep-melting welding process at home and abroad, and will provide a new solution for exploring the formation mechanism of laser welding defects, welding quality control and process optimization.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention solves a technical problem that people have been eager to solve but have never succeeded in solving: the in-situ observation device of the present invention successfully solves the technical problem that has long plagued the industry, and realizes clear and real-time observation of the molten pool holes and their wall microstructures during laser welding. Traditional observation methods are difficult to obtain these key details, which limits the research on defect formation mechanism and process optimization. The present invention uses high-resolution synchrotron radiation imaging technology to accurately capture and analyze the dynamic changes in the details of the inside of the molten pool for the first time, filling this key technical gap.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention overcomes the technical bias: The technical solution of the present invention overcomes the technical bias existing in traditional observation methods, especially the bias that it is difficult to obtain the internal microstructure and dynamic changes of the molten pool / keyhole in real time in situ through real materials during laser welding. By adopting high-energy synchrotron radiation imaging technology, the device breaks through the past misunderstanding that the monitoring of the welding process is limited to surface or low-resolution observation, and realizes accurate and in-depth observation of the entire welding process. This technological innovation breaks the traditional view and significantly improves the mechanism research and application level of welding technology.

[0043] Third, the technical solution of the present invention solves several key technical problems existing in the prior art in industrial applications and has achieved significant technical progress, as follows:

[0044] 1. Realize in-situ dynamic on-site monitoring: Traditional laser welding technology is usually unable to monitor key parameters in the welding process in real time. The present invention integrates a high-energy X-ray observation system, so that key features such as the molten pool morphology and the morphology of the small hole wall surface during the welding process can be dynamically captured during the welding process. The infrared temperature measurement equipment used in conjunction with it can monitor the welding temperature in real time, and the reliability of the monitoring data is improved through multi-data fusion.

[0045] 2. Adapt to complex industrial environments: The application of existing technologies in complex industrial environments is often affected by factors such as external air and dust, resulting in unstable welding quality. The present invention designs a reaction hood 700, which can provide a closed welding environment for the sample 900 to be welded to prevent the influence of external air and dust. In addition, the dust hood 750 and dust removal equipment 1000 can timely remove the smoke and dust generated during the welding process, further ensuring the cleanliness of the welding environment.

[0046] 3. Intelligent control and precise positioning: The present invention realizes automatic positioning and precise movement of the sample 900 to be welded during the welding process through the linkage of the lifting platform 500 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600. At the same time, the integration of the control system and PLC enables each step of welding, including laser switch, welding speed, track movement, etc., to be set and remotely controlled through programs, reducing errors caused by manual intervention and improving the intelligent and automated level of operation.

[0047] 4. Efficient cooling system ensures laser stability: Traditional laser welding equipment often faces overheating problems when working at high power for a long time, affecting welding quality and equipment life. The present invention adopts a water cooling system 300 to effectively cool the 10,000-watt high-power laser 200, ensuring that it can still maintain a stable state under high-intensity working conditions, extending the service life of the equipment and improving the continuous working ability of the welding process.

[0048] 5. Multifunctional adaptability: The laser welding device of the present invention can adapt to various types of workpiece welding requirements through its modular design. It can not only weld metal materials, but also be used for welding complex precision parts. The combination of high-energy X-ray and infrared temperature measurement system makes the device have a wide range of application prospects in the fields of precision manufacturing and high-reliability welding.

[0049] In summary, the present invention has achieved remarkable technical progress in data reliability, environmental adaptability, intelligent operation and equipment stability, solved several key problems in the prior art, and significantly improved the welding level and production efficiency in industrial applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional diagram of a laser and a cooling water system in a laser welding device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of a clamping mechanism 400 in a laser welding device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of a lifting platform 500 in a laser welding device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 in the laser welding device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the reaction cover 700 in the laser welding device using the high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a physical picture of a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of an observation method of a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Fig. 9 The real-time images and data obtained by the high-energy synchrotron radiation imaging technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention, in particular, the renderings clearly showing the dynamic changes of the molten pool pores and their wall microstructures;

[0059] Fig.10 It is a rendering of a molten pool small hole at a certain time t0 obtained by high-energy synchrotron radiation imaging technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Fig.11 It is a small hole effect diagram of the molten pool at a certain time t0+2ms obtained by high-energy synchrotron radiation imaging technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] In the figure: 100, workpiece table; 110, gantry; 200, 10,000-watt high-power laser; 210-10,000-watt laser optical fiber; 300, cooling system; 310, water chiller; 320, water inlet pipe; 330, water outlet pipe; 400, clamping mechanism; 410, clamping seat; 420, first mounting member; 421, groove; 430, second mounting member; 440, clamping plate; 500, lifting platform; 510, support plate; 520, bottom plate; 530, lifting mechanism; 600, horizontal displacement mechanism; 610, X-direction slide rail assembly; 620, Y-direction slide rail assembly; 700, reaction cover; 710, pipeline inlet; 720; 730, high-energy X-ray observation window; 800, 10,000-watt laser welding head; 900, sample to be welded; 1000, dust removal equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0063] In the 10,000-watt laser welding technology, the fluctuation of the molten pool / keyhole is a crucial process. Studying the fluctuation behavior of the molten pool / keyhole establishes the correlation between process parameters and macroscopic forming, which helps to regulate the macroscopic forming of welded components by optimizing process parameters. However, since the evolution size range of the molten pool-keyhole is at the level of ten millimeters, its fluctuation frequency is above kilohertz, and its wall microstructure characteristic size is at the level of hundreds of microns, conventional characterization methods cannot provide reasonable spatiotemporal resolution and a large field of view. At the same time, synchrotron radiation light sources have the advantages of high brightness, high spatiotemporal resolution, and high penetration, which can provide key characterization means and methods for solving the above problems. However, the high radiation, immobility, and low-dust environment requirements of synchrotron radiation light sources make it impossible to carry out research on traditional industrial-grade laser welding devices at their line stations.

[0064] In this regard, the present application proposes a laser welding device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology, which creates a relatively closed space through a reaction hood 700 and a workpiece table 100, and extracts the smoke generated by laser welding into the closed space through dust removal equipment to meet the dust-free requirements of the in-situ environment; the reaction hood 700 is provided with a laser welding observation window 720 and a high-energy X-ray observation window 730, and while laser welding is being performed, the high-energy X-ray observation system can record in real time the side profile features of the molten pool / small hole when the sample to be welded is acted upon by the laser.

[0065] The 10,000-watt laser welding device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology achieves efficient and high-precision laser welding through the coordinated work of multiple components, and is particularly suitable for welding and monitoring of complex samples. Its working principle can be divided into four parts: laser welding, cooling, observation and control.

[0066] 1. Laser welding

[0067] A 10,000-watt high-power laser generates a laser beam, which is focused and irradiated onto the sample to be welded through a laser welding head to achieve local melting of the sample. The laser is transmitted into a closed welding environment through the reaction cover to ensure that the welding process is not affected by the external environment. During the welding process, the laser energy is concentrated on the surface of the sample to form a molten pool. The welding work is completed by controlling the laser power and the movement trajectory of the welding head.

[0068] 2. Cooling system

[0069] In order to ensure the stability of laser welding and the long-term operation of the equipment, the cooling system effectively cools the 10,000-watt high-power laser. The cooling system circulates cooling water through a water chiller. The cooling water is transported to the inside of the laser through the water inlet pipe, absorbs the heat generated by the laser during operation, and then returns to the water chiller through the water outlet pipe for re-cooling. This cooling method ensures that the laser can maintain a suitable temperature under high-power working conditions, thereby avoiding overheating damage.

[0070] 3. Observation and monitoring

[0071] The high-energy X-ray observation system integrated in the device monitors the welding process in real time. High-energy X-rays enter through the incident window of the reaction hood, penetrate the welding sample and are emitted from the observation window to the imaging detector. The detector dynamically records the changes in the morphology of the molten pool and keyholes in the welding area, providing detailed welding process data. At the same time, the infrared temperature measurement equipment monitors the temperature changes of the sample in real time and realizes multi-data fusion through temperature feedback. This synchronous observation technology can accurately and reliably monitor the morphological changes of the molten pool and keyholes during the welding process.

[0072] 4. Sample fixation and welding space control

[0073] The sample is fixed by the clamping mechanism, which firmly fixes the sample to be welded in the groove through the clamping plate to ensure that the position of the sample will not be deformed or moved due to heat during welding. The reaction hood provides a closed working environment for welding. The protective gas is introduced through the pipeline inlet to further reduce the impact of impurities such as oxygen in the air on the welding quality and avoid oxidation or other pollution. The design of the reaction hood ensures the cleanliness and gas protection of the welding area, thereby improving the accuracy and effect of welding.

[0074] 5. Adjustment and motion control

[0075] The lifting platform and horizontal displacement mechanism are used to adjust the relative position between the welding head and the sample to be welded. The lifting platform adjusts the height of the sample through lifting mechanisms such as hydraulic push rods, while the horizontal displacement mechanism adjusts the position of the sample on the plane through the slide rail components in the X and Y directions. This multi-dimensional adjustment function can accurately control the position of the welding head and ensure flexibility and operability during the welding process. In addition, the control system realizes automatic control of the welding process and precise setting of the motion trajectory through the interconnection of PLC with servo motors, host computers, etc.

[0076] 6. Control and Feedback

[0077] The control system is the core of the entire device, responsible for controlling the movement of the lifting platform and horizontal displacement mechanism and the switch of the laser. The system can automatically perform welding tasks and adjust welding parameters in real time according to feedback information by completing the preset welding position, welding speed and guide rail movement mode through the host computer. The real-time data provided by the high-energy X-ray observation system and infrared temperature measurement equipment is fed back to the welding process through the control system to optimize the laser power and welding speed to ensure the accuracy and stability of welding.

[0078] This device combines high-power laser, precise sample fixation, cooling system and synchronous observation technology to achieve efficient laser welding through fully automated control.

[0079] Reference Figure 1The 10,000-watt laser welding device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology in the embodiment of the present application includes a workpiece table 100, a 10,000-watt high-power laser 200, a cooling system 300, a clamping mechanism 400, a lifting platform 500, a horizontal displacement mechanism 600, a reaction cover 700, a high-energy X-ray observation system and a control system. The 10,000-watt high-power laser 200 is used to generate laser light and send it to the 10,000-watt high-power laser welding head 800, so that the laser irradiates the sample 900 to be welded clamped by the clamping mechanism 300 to complete the laser welding work. The reaction cover 700 is used to create a closed space so that the sample 900 to be welded is isolated from the outside air, and the high-energy X-ray observation system is used to observe and record the laser welding process. The base 500 is used to support the clamping mechanism 400. The control system is used to control the lifting platform 500 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600.

[0080] Reference Figure 2 The 10,000-watt laser welding device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology in the embodiment of the present application also includes a cooling system 300, which is used to cool the 10,000-watt high-power laser 200 to reduce the impact of high temperature. The cooling system 300 includes a water chiller 310, a water inlet pipe 320 and a water outlet pipe 330, and both ends of the water inlet pipe 320 and both ends of the water outlet pipe 330 are respectively connected to the 10,000-watt high-power laser 200 and the water chiller 310. After the water chiller 310 is started, the cooling water therein enters the 10,000-watt high-power laser 200 through the water inlet pipe 320 for heat exchange, and the heated cooling water enters the water chiller 310 through the water outlet pipe 330 for re-cooling.

[0081] Reference Figure 3 The clamping mechanism 400 includes a clamping seat 410, a first mounting member 420, a second mounting member 430 and two clamping plates 440. The first mounting member 420 is fixedly connected to the clamping seat 410 by bolts, and a groove 421 is provided in the first mounting member 420. The two clamping plates 440 can be placed in the groove 421 after clamping the sample 900 to be welded. The second mounting member 430 is fixedly connected to the first mounting member 420 by bolts and can clamp the sample 900 to be welded in the groove 421. After the clamping mechanism 400 fixes the sample 900 to be welded, the reaction cover 700 and the workpiece 100 are assembled to form a closed space that can accommodate the sample 900, thereby isolating the external air and achieving a dust-proof effect.

[0082] Reference Figure 4, the lifting platform 500 includes a support plate 510, a bottom plate 520 and a lifting mechanism 530. The support plate 510 is used to support the clamping mechanism 400 and the sample 900 to be welded. The two ends of the lifting mechanism 530 are respectively connected to the support plate 510 and the bottom plate 520. The height of the support plate 510 can be adjusted by telescoping the lifting mechanism 530, thereby adjusting the height of the lifting platform 500. The lifting mechanism 530 is specifically a hydraulic push rod, an electric push rod or a scissor lift mechanism, and other structures or devices capable of adjusting the height can also be used, which will not be repeated here.

[0083] The workpiece platform 100 is used to support the lifting platform 500 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600. The lifting platform 500 is movably connected with the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 to adjust the position of the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 in the X direction or the Y direction.

[0084] Reference Figure 5 , the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 includes an X-direction slide rail assembly 610 and a Y-direction slide rail assembly 620 that are interconnected. The lifting platform 500 is connected to the X-direction slide rail assembly 610 or the Y-direction slide rail assembly 620. The X-direction slide rail assembly 610 drives the lifting platform 500 to move along the X direction, and the Y-direction slide rail assembly 620 drives the lifting platform 500 to move along the Y direction, so that the position of the lifting platform 500 on the horizontal plane can be adjusted to change the laser welding speed and direction. PLC is used as the main controller to realize the interconnection communication between the servo controller (servo motor), the host computer (PC) and the robot. Before welding begins, the host computer is used to complete the settings of the welding position, welding speed, and guide rail movement mode. During the welding process, the program stored in the robot teaching pendant can be used to complete processing actions such as the robot moving to the specified position, switching the laser, and moving the guide rail.

[0085] The lifting mechanism 530 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 are both electrically connected to a control system (not shown in the figure), and the laser welding process is controlled by the control system.

[0086] Figure 6 The reaction hood 700 is provided with a pipeline inlet 710, a laser welding observation window 720, a high-energy X-ray incident window 730, an X-ray camera observation window 740, and a dust hood 750. The pipeline inlet 710 allows an external protective gas storage tank to be connected, so that the protective gas can be guided into the enclosed space in the reaction hood 700. The laser radiates onto the sample 900 to be welded to complete the laser welding, and the dust hood 750 allows the smoke generated by the laser welding to enter the dust removal device 1000. The high-energy X-ray incident window 730 and the high-energy X-ray observation window 740 can both be penetrated by high-energy X-rays and are located at the same horizontal position.

[0087] The high-energy X-ray observation system (not shown) includes a high-energy X-ray generator, an imaging detector and an infrared temperature measuring device. The high-energy X-ray generator can emit high-energy X-rays to the high-energy X-ray incident window 730, and the high-energy X-rays irradiate the side of the sample 900 to be welded, and are emitted from the high-energy X-ray observation window to the imaging detector. The imaging detector is used to dynamically image the high-energy X-rays, so that the molten pool / keyhole morphology of the sample 900 during the laser welding process can be observed. The infrared temperature measuring device measures the temperature of the sample 900 through the high-energy X-ray observation window 430, and records the temperature changes during laser welding in real time.

[0088] Figure 7 This is a physical picture of a 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] The 10,000-watt laser welding device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology in this application is mainly used for high-power laser welding. The device generates high-intensity laser through a 10,000-watt high-power laser 200, and transmits the laser to a laser welding head 800, thereby accurately welding the sample 900 to be welded in the clamping mechanism 400. In order to ensure that the sample 900 does not come into contact with the outside air during the welding process, the reaction cover 700 provides a closed environment for the welding sample 900, and uses high-energy X-rays for real-time observation and recording.

[0090] The cooling system 300 provides support for the stable operation of the laser 200. Specifically, cooling water enters the laser 200 through the water inlet pipe 320 for heat exchange, and the heated cooling water returns to the water chiller 310 through the water outlet pipe 330 for cooling, forming a circulation system, thereby ensuring that the laser 200 is maintained within a suitable temperature range under long-term, high-power operation.

[0091] The clamping mechanism 400 is used to fix the sample 900 to be welded. The sample 900 is mainly fixed in the groove 421 by two clamping plates 440, and the first mounting member 420 is fixed by bolts to ensure that it does not shift during the welding process. The mechanism 400 cooperates with the reaction cover 700 to form a closed space that is completely isolated from the outside air to prevent contamination or interference from the external environment during the welding process.

[0092] The lifting platform 500 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 are used to accurately control the height and position of the sample 900 during the welding process. The lifting platform 500 adjusts the height through a hydraulic push rod or an electric push rod 530, and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600 controls the movement of the sample 900 in the X and Y directions through an X-direction slide rail assembly 610 and a Y-direction slide rail assembly 620, ensuring that accurate speed and direction adjustments can be made during the welding process.

[0093] The high-energy X-ray observation system provides real-time dynamic monitoring for laser welding. The high-energy X-ray generator irradiates the sample 900, and the imaging detector dynamically captures the molten pool and keyhole morphology during the welding process, thereby achieving a comprehensive observation of the welding quality. At the same time, the infrared temperature measurement equipment monitors the temperature of the sample 900 to ensure that the temperature change is within a safe range.

[0094] Finally, the entire welding device is fully managed by the control system, which controls the movement of the lifting platform 500 and the horizontal displacement mechanism 600, as well as the operation of the high-energy X-ray system and the laser 200. PLC, as the core controller, realizes various actions in the welding process, including welding position setting, speed adjustment, guide rail movement, etc., to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of welding work.

[0095] like Figure 8 As shown, the observation method of the 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0096] S1, fix the sample to be welded on the clamping mechanism;

[0097] S2, assembling the reaction cover and the workpiece table so that the sample to be welded is contained in a closed space;

[0098] S3, adjusting the horizontal displacement mechanism so that the sample to be welded faces the laser radiation area of ​​the laser welding head of the reaction cover;

[0099] S4, adjust the high-energy X-ray generator, imaging detector and infrared temperature measuring device so that the high-energy X-ray generator faces the X-ray incident window, the imaging detector faces the X-ray observation window, and the infrared temperature measuring device faces the side surface of the sample.

[0100] S5, start the high-energy X-ray generator, imaging detector and infrared temperature measurement equipment, and start recording the detection data;

[0101] S6, start the protective gas, compressed air and dust removal equipment;

[0102] S7, start the 10,000-watt high-power laser, and the control system controls the horizontal displacement mechanism to move to achieve welding of the sample to be welded;

[0103] S8, the experiment ends, the 10,000-watt high-power laser is turned off, and the dynamic imaging measured by the imaging detector and the temperature data measured by the infrared temperature measurement device are analyzed.

[0104] The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology realizes real-time observation and temperature monitoring of samples during welding through the coordinated work of multiple devices. Its working principle mainly involves the following four parts:

[0105] 1. Sample fixation and formation of a closed environment: First, fix the sample to be welded on the clamping mechanism to ensure that the sample remains stable during the welding process. Then, by adjusting the splicing of the reaction hood and the workpiece table, the sample to be welded is completely enclosed in the closed space inside the reaction hood. This closed environment can not only protect the welding area from external contamination, but also provide conditions for the subsequent introduction of protective gas, ensuring environmental stability and high-precision operation during the welding process.

[0106] 2. Precise positioning and alignment of multiple devices: Before welding, adjust the position of the high-energy X-ray generator, imaging detector and infrared temperature measurement equipment to ensure that each device can be accurately aligned with the target. The X-rays emitted by the high-energy X-ray generator pass through the X-ray incident window of the reaction cover and penetrate the sample to be welded, while the imaging detector receives the X-rays that penetrate the sample through the X-ray observation window to obtain real-time imaging data of the welding area. At the same time, the infrared temperature measurement equipment is aligned with the surface of the sample to measure the real-time temperature changes in the welding area through infrared radiation. The precise alignment of these multiple devices is the key to achieving efficient in-situ observation.

[0107] 3. Synchronous welding and data recording: After the sample is fixed and the equipment is in place, start the high-energy X-ray generator, imaging detector and infrared temperature measurement equipment to start recording the X-ray imaging data and temperature data during the welding process. Then, introduce the protective gas into the reaction hood through the pipeline inlet to protect the area to be welded from oxidation and other harmful gases. Start the 10,000-watt high-power laser, control the horizontal displacement mechanism through the control system, and move the laser welding head accurately to the surface of the sample to be welded and perform welding.

[0108] 4. Experimental data analysis and processing: After the welding process is completed, the high-power laser is turned off, and the X-ray dynamic imaging data recorded by the imaging detector and the temperature change data measured by the infrared temperature measurement equipment are analyzed. X-ray imaging data can show the internal structural changes in the welding area, helping to observe the formation process of the weld and the internal stress distribution; infrared temperature measurement data provides real-time temperature field information during the welding process, helping to evaluate the thermal effects of the welding process. Through the comprehensive analysis of these data, the welding quality and sample performance can be accurately judged, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and optimization of the 10,000-watt laser welding process.

[0109] During the experiment, it is necessary to adjust the defocus amount of the laser to the sample surface; the lifting mechanism 530 can be adjusted through the control system to change the distance between the 10,000-watt laser welding head 800 and the sample 900 to be welded, thereby changing the defocus amount of laser welding.

[0110] The welding in-situ observation system based on high-energy synchrotron radiation of the present invention has the ability to observe the welding process in real time with high resolution, and is applicable to multiple high-demand technical fields and related products. Specific application fields and products include:

[0111] High-end manufacturing:

[0112] Aerospace field: In the welding process of manufacturing and repairing key components (such as aircraft engines, fuselage structures, etc.), the present invention can monitor the welding process in real time and improve the welding quality and reliability.

[0113] Automobile manufacturing: In the high-precision welding of body structures, engine components and exhaust systems, the present invention helps to optimize the laser welding process and reduce the defect rate.

[0114] Electronics and microelectronics industry:

[0115] High-precision micro-welding: In chip packaging and microelectronic device welding, the present invention can be used to observe temperature distribution and weld formation during the welding process to ensure welding accuracy.

[0116] Scientific research and materials research:

[0117] Welding process research and development: In universities, research institutes and industrial laboratories, the system can be used to study the laser welding behavior of complex materials (such as composites and dissimilar metals) and promote the development of new laser welding processes.

[0118] Material properties research: It can be used to analyze the dynamic evolution of materials during laser welding, helping researchers better understand the impact of lasers on material properties.

[0119] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the real-time images and data obtained by high-energy synchrotron radiation imaging technology clearly show the dynamic changes of the molten pool pores and their wall microstructures. Comparing the high-resolution images generated by the present invention with the images of traditional observation methods, it shows significant technical advantages.

[0120] The workpiece to be welded in the case test is stainless steel with a size of 200mm×20mm×50mm, the laser power is 20kW, and the welding speed is 1.2m / min. The effect of high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray observation is shown in the figure, showing the fluctuation process of the small hole in a collapse cycle, that is, the whole process from the expansion of the small hole root to the fluctuation of the wall surface of the small hole to the collapse of the middle of the small hole. Through this device, accurate data every 0.2ms is obtained, including the change time of the first stage lasting 40ms, the second stage lasting 24ms, and the third stage lasting 15ms. The upper part of the small hole (small hole depth 0-6mm) changes in the range of 1.8mm-2.4mm, the middle part (small hole depth 6-12mm), changes in the range of 1.4mm-2.3mm, and the lower part (small hole depth>12mm), changes in the range of 0.0mm-2.2mm. Compared with the traditional in-situ welding monitoring method, it has significant improvements in imaging clarity, time resolution and spatial resolution.

[0121] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology, characterized in that: Combining laser welding technology with high-energy X-ray synchrotron radiation technology, it can monitor and control the welding process in real time; the device includes: The laser is used to generate high-power laser for welding. The cooling system ensures that the laser continues to operate stably. The lifting platform and horizontal displacement mechanism are used to accurately adjust the spatial position of the samples to be welded. The reaction hood provides a closed environment for welding and introduces protective gas. The X-ray observation system monitors the state and temperature changes of the welding pool in real time through high-energy X-rays and imaging equipment. The control system coordinates the work of these modules as a whole to achieve welding and monitoring.

2. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: include: A laser, connected to the incident optical fiber, for generating laser light; The base comprises a horizontal displacement mechanism, a lifting platform and a clamping structure, wherein the clamping mechanism fixes the sample to be welded, the lifting platform support plate is connected to the clamping mechanism to adjust the position of the sample to be welded in the Z direction, the two ends of the lifting platform are respectively connected to the support plate and the bottom plate, and the height of the support plate can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the lifting mechanism; the horizontal displacement mechanism is connected to the lifting mechanism support plate to adjust the position in the X direction or the Y direction; A workpiece table, which is used to fix the base, the gantry and the laser welding head; A reaction hood, which can be assembled with the workpiece table to enclose a closed space together, the sample to be welded and the base are in the closed space, the reaction hood is provided with a pipeline inlet and a high-energy X-ray observation window, the pipeline inlet is externally connected to a protective gas storage tank, the laser emitted by the optical path system can pass through, the number of the high-energy X-ray observation windows is at least three and all can be passed through by high-energy X-rays, wherein the high-energy X-ray observation windows include a first observation window, a second observation window and a third observation window; A high-energy X-ray observation system, comprising a high-energy X-ray generator, an imaging detector, a diffraction detector and an infrared temperature measuring device, wherein the high-energy X-ray generator can emit high-energy X-rays to the X-ray incident window, and the high-energy X-rays pass through the welding sample and then pass through the X-ray observation window to the imaging detector, the imaging detector is used to perform dynamic imaging of the high-energy X-rays, and the infrared temperature measuring device measures the temperature of the welding sample through the high-energy X-ray observation window; The control system is characterized in that the lifting mechanism and the horizontal displacement system are electrically connected to and controlled by the control system.

3. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The laser welding in-situ observation device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology also includes a cooling system.

4. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling system comprises a water cooler, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe.

5. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the water inlet pipe and both ends of the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the optical path box and the water chiller. The cooling water in the water chiller enters the optical path box through the water inlet pipe for heat exchange, and the heated cooling water enters the water chiller through the water outlet pipe for re-cooling.

6. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a clamping seat, a first mounting member, a second mounting member and two clamping plates.

7. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The first mounting member is fixedly connected to the lifting mechanism by bolts, and a U-shaped groove is provided in the first mounting member. The two clamping plates can be placed in the U-shaped groove after clamping the sample to be welded.

8. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The second mounting member is fixedly connected to the first mounting member via bolts and can fix the sample to be welded in the groove.

9. The 10,000-watt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The laser welding in-situ observation device using high-energy synchrotron radiation technology also includes a horizontal displacement mechanism, which includes an X-direction slide rail assembly and a Y-direction slide rail assembly that are connected to each other, and the lifting mechanism is connected to the X-direction slide rail assembly or the Y-direction slide rail assembly; the X-direction slide rail assembly drives the lifting mechanism to move along the X direction, and the Y-direction slide rail assembly drives the lifting mechanism to move along the Y direction; the lifting mechanism is specifically a hydraulic push rod, an electric push rod or a scissor lift mechanism.

10. An observation method for a megawatt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology, which implements the megawatt laser welding in-situ observation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The observation method of the megawatt laser welding in-situ observation device based on high-energy synchrotron radiation technology includes: S1, fix the sample to be welded on the clamping mechanism; S2, assembling the reaction cover and the workpiece table so that the sample to be welded is contained in a closed space; S3, charging the protective gas through the pipeline inlet on the reaction hood so that the protective gas fills the enclosed space; S4, adjusting the horizontal displacement mechanism so that the sample to be welded faces the reaction cover; S5, adjusting the high-energy X-ray generator, the imaging detector and the infrared temperature measuring device so that the high-energy X-ray generator faces the X-ray incident window, the imaging detector faces the X-ray observation window, and the infrared temperature measuring device is aimed at the side surface of the sample; S6, start the protective gas, compressed air and dust removal equipment; S7, start the 10,000-watt high-power laser, and the control system controls the horizontal displacement mechanism to move to achieve welding of the sample to be welded; S8, the experiment ends, the 10,000-watt high-power laser is turned off, and the dynamic imaging measured by the imaging detector and the temperature data measured by the infrared temperature measurement device are analyzed.

Images