Water and fertilizer retention soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion and application of water and fertilizer retention soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water-retention and fertilizer-retention soil conditioners, and discloses a water-retention and fertilizer-retention soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion and application of the water-retention and fertilizer-retention soil conditioner. The soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of chitosan, 5-20 parts of ammonium lauryl ethoxy sulfate, 3-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of a bacillus agent, 1-3 parts of a water-retaining agent, 0.5-3 parts of a trichoderma harzianum agent and 0.5-5 parts of carotenoid. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention can be used for repairing soil polluted by heavy metals, changing physicochemical properties in the soil, reducing the convertible state of the metal in the soil environment, reducing the absorption of the heavy metals by plants and reducing the harm of the heavy metals to the ecological environment and human health. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention can be used for repairing saline-alkali soil and reducing the pH value and the salt content of the soil. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention can promote the decomposition of organic matters in soil, increase the content of available nutrients in the soil, and play roles in improving the structure of the soil and preserving moisture and fertility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioners, and in particular to a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for promoting root growth by loosening the soil without tillage, and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Salinization can lead to low yields or even failure of crop growth. Most of my country's saline-alkali land is distributed in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas. These areas are located in the fragile zone of China's natural ecological environment, where both unfavorable and favorable agricultural production conditions exist. Most areas have rich climate resources, deep soil layers, flat terrain, certain water resource development potential, and relatively large agricultural ecological potential due to the small population and large land area. Once the dominant constraint of land salinization is eliminated, the huge potential of the agricultural ecosystem will be brought into play. The control and prevention of land salinization has very important practical significance for the prevention and control of agricultural ecosystem degradation, ecological environmental protection and future food security. At present, many studies are devoted to improving salinized soil.

[0003] At present, the cultivated land area polluted by heavy metals such as Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Hg in my country is 26.67 million hm2, accounting for about 1 / 5 of the total cultivated land area in China. Among them, Cd pollutes 11.33 million hm2 of cultivated land, involving 25 regions in 11 provinces. Heavy metal pollutants are persistent pollutants, and the harm to the environment and human body is difficult to eliminate. Heavy metals have the characteristics of strong chemical activity, large migration, and persistent toxicity. They are difficult to degrade in the environment. Their accumulation and migration in the soil not only cause changes in the composition, structure, and function of the soil, but also inhibit the root function and photosynthesis of crops, resulting in reduced or even total crop yields. More importantly, heavy metals migrate into the human body through the food chain and slowly accumulate in the human body, causing chronic heavy metal poisoning in the human body, leading to damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, reproductive organs, immune system, and cardiovascular system, causing great harm to human health.

[0004] The soil conditioner of the present invention is applied to salinized and heavy metal-contaminated soil to change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce the mobility and bioavailability of metals in the soil environment, reduce the absorption of heavy metals by plants, and reduce the harm of heavy metals to the ecological environment and human health; for salinized soil, its salt content can be reduced. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion and its application, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage loosening and root growth promotion is provided, which is composed of the following components by weight: 15-30 parts of chitosan, 5-20 parts of lauryl ethoxyammonium sulfate, 3-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of Bacillus agent, 1-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 0.5-3 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent, and 0.5-5 parts of carotenoids.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent is 2.0×10-2.5×10 cfu / g.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Bacillus content in the Bacillus agent is 2.5×10-3.0×10 cfu / g.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the water retaining agent is one or two of sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the soil conditioner further includes auxiliary materials.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary material includes an antifreeze agent and a thickener, and the mixing weight ratio of the antifreeze agent and the thickener is 1:1;

[0012] The antifreeze agent is one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate;

[0013] The thickener is one of bentonite and diatomaceous earth.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above-mentioned water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for loosening soil and promoting root growth in no-tillage, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Evenly mix chitosan, ammonium lauryl ethoxysulfate, humic acid, bacillus agent, water retaining agent, Trichoderma harzianum agent and carotenoid;

[0016] The mixture is sent to a drying oven for drying to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0017] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for loosening the soil by no-tillage and promoting root growth for use in the field of soil remediation.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the application method is:

[0019] Mix the soil conditioner and water at a weight ratio of 1:2500-3000 to make a mixed solution;

[0020] Apply the mixture evenly to the soil to be repaired.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heavy metals in the soil to be remediated are one or two of Cu, Pb and Cd;

[0022] The soil to be repaired has a salt content of ≥0.1% and a pH of ≥8.5.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can be used to repair soil contaminated by heavy metals, change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce the transformable state of metals in the soil environment, reduce the absorption of heavy metals by plants, and reduce the harm of heavy metals to the ecological environment and human health.

[0025] 2. The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can be used to repair salinized soil and reduce soil pH and soil salt content.

[0026] 3. The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can promote the decomposition of soil organic matter, increase the content of soil available nutrients, and improve soil structure and retain water and fertilizer.

[0027] 4. The soil conditioner of the present invention has simple components and a simple preparation method, which is conducive to large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of lauryl ethoxyammonium sulfate, 8 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of bacillus agent, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent, and 3 parts of carotenoids.

[0031] The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g, and the content of Bacillus in the Bacillus agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g.

[0032] The application method of the soil conditioner of this embodiment in the field of soil remediation is: the soil conditioner and water are applied to the soil to be remediated at a weight ratio of 1:2500.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion is composed of the following components by weight: 20 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of lauryl ethoxyammonium sulfate, 8 parts of humic acid, 2.3 parts of bacillus agent, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent, and 3 parts of carotenoids.

[0035] The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g, and the content of Bacillus in the Bacillus agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g.

[0036] The application method of the soil conditioner of this embodiment in the field of soil remediation is: the soil conditioner and water are applied to the soil to be remediated at a weight ratio of 1:2500.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion is composed of the following components by weight: 25 parts of chitosan, 15 parts of lauryl ethoxyammonium sulfate, 8 parts of humic acid, 2.5 parts of bacillus agent, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent, and 3 parts of carotenoids.

[0039] The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g, and the content of Bacillus in the Bacillus agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g.

[0040] The application method of the soil conditioner of this embodiment in the field of soil remediation is: the soil conditioner and water are applied to the soil to be remediated at a weight ratio of 1:2500.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion is composed of the following components by weight: 30 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of lauryl ethoxyammonium sulfate, 8 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of bacillus agent, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent, and 3 parts of carotenoids.

[0043] The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g, and the content of Bacillus in the Bacillus agent was 2.5×10 cfu / g.

[0044] The application method of the soil conditioner of this embodiment in the field of soil remediation is: the soil conditioner and water are applied to the soil to be remediated at a weight ratio of 1:2500.

[0045] Experimental Example 1

[0046] Experimental setting: 4 treatment groups (Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4) and a control group (soil without soil conditioner application).

[0047] Experimental steps:

[0048] 1. Prepare 5 groups of soils contaminated with heavy metal Cd under the same conditions, with 5 pots in each group, and the heavy metal Cd content is 7.83 mg / kg.

[0049] 2. Add corresponding soil conditioners to each group of samples or leave them alone (control group).

[0050] 3. Cultivate for 30 days under the set experimental conditions (temperature 25°C, humidity 55%).

[0051] Sampling was performed regularly to determine the changes in the contents of the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, iron-manganese-bound, organic- and sulfide-bound, and residual forms of heavy metal Cd in the soil. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1 Changes in Cd content in different forms in soil under different conditions

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 1, the heavy metal Cd in the contaminated soil was repaired by the conditioners in Examples 1-4. The content of exchangeable Cd in the soil before repair was 43.58%. After repair, the exchangeable Cd in the soil was converted into carbonate-bound, iron-manganese-bound, organic- and sulfide-bound, and residual states, so that the content of exchangeable Cd in the soil decreased. Among them, the exchangeable Cd content in the soil decreased by 5.85% by treating the soil with the conditioner in Example 1, the exchangeable Cd content in the soil decreased by 8.91% by treating the soil with the conditioner in Example 2, the exchangeable Cd content in the soil decreased by 12.44% by treating the soil with the conditioner in Example 3, and the exchangeable Cd content in the soil decreased by 11.4% by treating the soil with the conditioner in Example 4. For the repair effect of Cd, Example 3>Example 4>Example 2>Example 1.

[0055] In summary, it can be seen that the conditioner provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively repair soil contaminated by heavy metals.

[0056] Experimental Example 2

[0057] Experimental setting: 4 treatment groups (Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4) and a control group (soil without soil conditioner application).

[0058] Experimental steps:

[0059] 1. Prepare 5 groups of saline-alkali soils with the same conditions, with 5 pots in each group.

[0060] 2. Add corresponding soil conditioners to each group of samples or leave them alone (control group).

[0061] 3. Cultivate for 30 days under the set experimental conditions (temperature 25°C, humidity 55%).

[0062] Sampling was performed regularly to measure the changes in soil pH and soil salinity. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2 Changes of soil pH and soil salinity under different examples

[0064] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Control group Soil pH 8.74 8.73 8.72 8.72 8.77 Soil oxygen content% 0.197 0.190 0.184 0.184 0.236

[0065] As can be seen from Table 2, the salinized soil was repaired by the conditioners in Examples 1-4. Before the repair, the pH of the soil was 8.77 and the salt content was 0.236%. By adding the conditioners, the pH and salt content of the soil were reduced. In terms of the repair effect on the salinized soil, Example 3 = Example 4 > Example 2 > Example 1.

[0066] In summary, it can be seen that the conditioner provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively repair salinized soil.

[0067] Experimental Example 3

[0068] Experimental setting: 4 treatment groups (Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4) and a control group (soil without soil conditioner application).

[0069] Experimental steps:

[0070] 1. Prepare 5 groups of saline-alkali soils with the same conditions, with 5 pots in each group.

[0071] 2. Add corresponding soil conditioners to each group of samples or leave them alone (control group).

[0072] 3. Cultivate for 30 days under the set experimental conditions (temperature 25°C, humidity 55%).

[0073] 4. Take samples regularly to measure the changes in soil fertilizer efficiency. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0074] Table 3 Changes in soil nutrient content under different examples

[0075]

[0076] It can be seen from Table 3 that the salinized soil was repaired by the conditioners in Examples 1-4. After adding the conditioners, the contents of total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium in the soil all increased. In terms of improving soil fertility, Example 4 ≈ Example 3 > Example 2 > Example 1.

[0077] In summary, it can be seen that the conditioner provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively improve the fertility of the soil.

[0078] In summary, based on the results of the embodiments, different contents of chitosan, ammonium lauryl ethoxy sulfate and Bacillus agent have quite different effects on soil remediation. The present invention aims to improve the soil remediation effect and finally determines that the effective ingredients of the soil conditioner are chitosan, ammonium lauryl ethoxy sulfate, humic acid, Bacillus agent, water retaining agent, Trichoderma harzianum agent and carotenoids in a weight ratio of 25:15:8:2.5:2:2:3.

[0079] Chitosan can promote the decomposition of soil organic matter, especially in poor soil, chitosan can significantly increase the decomposition rate of soil organic matter, increase soil fertility, and improve fertilizer utilization; chitosan can adsorb or precipitate heavy metals, thereby repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil, increasing the adsorption rate of heavy metals in the soil, and reducing the migration of heavy metals in the soil; chitosan can increase the water content and water retention capacity of the soil, improve the soil structure, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and increase soil fertility; chitosan can also induce plants to produce a variety of resistance substances, which have an inhibitory effect on diseases caused by pathogenic organisms such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, and improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops. These effects jointly promote the healthy growth of plants and increase the yield and quality of crops.

[0080] Ammonium lauryl ethoxylate sulfate is an amphoteric surfactant, which is composed of a non-polar lipophilic (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon chain and a polar hydrophilic (oleophobic) group, and the two parts are located at both ends, presenting an asymmetric structure. It takes advantage of its charge to adopt a unique directional arrangement relative to the water medium and form a certain structure. The adsorption on the surface of the solution and the formation of micelles inside the solution have a certain effect in preventing soil from caking. Its high content of anions and cations regulates and improves the pH and salinity of the soil through ion bridge exchange, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhances soil permeability, and deepens the tillage layer.

[0081] Bacillus provides a protective film for the soil to prevent the loss of fertilizer and water. Bacillus has a strong ability to decompose organic matter and releases highly active enzymes to decompose difficult-to-decompose macromolecules into usable small molecules, producing rich metabolites and synthesizing a variety of organic acids, enzymes, physiological activities, and other nutrients that are easily utilized. Bacillus has the ability to inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms such as harmful bacteria and pathogens, and can decompose organic matter, organic sulfides, organic nitrogen, etc. that produce odorous gases, greatly improving the environment of the site.

[0082] Trichoderma harzianum is mainly used to prevent plant diseases caused by pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Columnar spore mold, Pythium, Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium, and Sclerotium uniformis, and to prevent and control leaf fungal diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold, leaf mold, and leaf spot of flowers, fruit trees, vegetables and other crops in the field and greenhouse.

[0083] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for water and fertilizer conservation by no-tillage loosening and root growth promotion, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components by weight: 15-30 parts of chitosan, 5-20 parts of lauryl ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 3-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of bacillus agent, 1-3 parts of water retaining agent, 0.5-3 parts of Trichoderma harzianum agent and 0.5-5 parts of carotenoid.

2. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the Trichoderma harzianum agent is 2.0×10-2.5×10 cfu / g.

3. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of Bacillus in the Bacillus agent is 2.5×10-3.0× 10cfu / g.

4. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water retaining agent is one or two of sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide.

5. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil conditioner also includes auxiliary materials.

6. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials include antifreeze and thickener, and the mixing weight ratio of the antifreeze and thickener is 1:1; The antifreeze agent is one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate; The thickener is one of bentonite and diatomaceous earth.

7. A method for preparing a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Evenly mix chitosan, ammonium lauryl ethoxysulfate, humic acid, bacillus agent, water retaining agent, Trichoderma harzianum agent and carotenoid; The mixture is sent to a drying oven for drying to obtain a soil conditioner.

8. Use of the water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the field of soil remediation.

9. The use of a water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 8 in the field of soil remediation, characterized in that: The application method is: Mix the soil conditioner and water at a weight ratio of 1:2500-3000 to make a mixed solution; Apply the mixture evenly to the soil to be repaired.

10. The water- and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner for no-tillage soil loosening and root growth promotion according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heavy metals in the soil to be repaired are one or two of Cu, Pb and Cd; The soil to be repaired has a salt content of ≥0.1% and a pH of ≥8.5.

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