Redundant communication implementation device and method of battery management system

Abstract

The invention discloses a redundant communication implementation device and method of a battery management system. The device comprises a master control unit, a master control unit and a slave control unit, the slave control unit is used for monitoring the battery module and sending monitoring data to the master control unit; the main control unit and the general control unit are connected to form a redundant communication ring network; the master control unit is used for responding to a control instruction or a query instruction of the master control unit, collecting monitoring data of the slave control units and feeding back the monitoring data to the master control unit; the main control unit is used for issuing a battery management control instruction or a query instruction to the main control unit and receiving feedback data of the main control unit; each main control unit comprises a main control board and a Bypass relay, the main control board is connected with the Bypass relay, and the Bypass relay is used for bypassing the main control board when the main control board fails and loses power. According to the device and the method, communication interruption caused by line signal interference can be avoided, and system communication faults caused by damage of the main control board can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and in particular to a redundant communication implementation device and method for a battery management system. Background Art

[0002] The energy storage battery management system is mainly responsible for monitoring the key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of each single cell in the battery pack. Based on the collected data, it estimates the battery status, predicts the remaining capacity, health status (SOH, State of Health) and future performance of the battery, and helps the system make timely charging and discharging decisions. At the same time, in order to prevent abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, and excessive or low temperatures, the battery management system will implement protection measures, such as cutting off the charging circuit and adjusting the charging and discharging strategy to ensure battery safety and avoid damage. The battery management system monitors and adjusts the battery temperature, and maintains the battery within the optimal operating temperature range through the cooling or heating system to protect the battery and improve performance. Through the comprehensive use of all the above mechanisms, the battery management system can significantly extend the battery life, reduce replacement costs, and improve economy and environmental sustainability.

[0003] The prior art has a three-level architecture for energy storage battery management systems, which is used to efficiently manage and control battery packs in large energy storage systems. The battery management unit (BMU, Battery Monitor Unit) is located at the bottom layer, and each battery module or plug-in box is usually equipped with a BMU. Its main responsibility is to directly monitor and manage key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of a single battery or a small range of battery packs. The BMU is responsible for performing battery balancing operations to ensure the consistency of each battery in the battery pack. The second level is the battery cluster control management unit. At the battery cluster level, a cluster is usually composed of multiple battery modules or plug-ins. The management unit at this level is responsible for summarizing and analyzing data from all BMUs. It executes higher-level control strategies, such as overall charge and discharge control of the battery cluster, thermal management, and triggering of protection mechanisms. The third-level system-level control unit (master control) is the highest level, and the system-level control unit is responsible for the comprehensive management of the entire energy storage system. It receives and integrates data from all battery cluster management units and executes high-level system strategies, such as overall energy scheduling, fault diagnosis and alarm, remote monitoring interface, and communication with external systems. In the three-level energy storage battery management system, the slave control unit is generally connected to the second-level device through the CAN bus, daisy chain or other communication methods to upload the collected data. The master control unit is generally connected to the PCS (Power Conversion System) unit through CAN and RS485, and connected to the main control unit through CAN and Ethernet to send cluster operation data.

[0004] However, in the prior art, CAN bus and daisy chain communication are used for BMS (Battery Management System) systems. However, CAN bus and daisy chain communication have a large number of problems including line breakage, short circuit, signal interference, or physical damage, loose connectors, pin withdrawal, corrosion, or poor contact, damage to the main control board, etc., which may lead to data transmission interruption or errors. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and propose a redundant communication implementation device and method for a battery management system. The device and method can not only avoid communication interruption caused by line signal interference, but also prevent system communication failure caused by damage to the main control board.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a redundant communication implementation device for a battery management system, the device comprising:

[0007] General control unit, master control unit and slave control unit;

[0008] The slave control unit is connected to the master control unit and is used to monitor the battery module and send the monitoring data to the master control unit;

[0009] The master control unit is connected to the master control unit to form a redundant communication ring network; the master control unit is used to respond to the control instructions or query instructions of the master control unit, and is also used to collect monitoring data of the slave control unit and feed the monitoring data back to the master control unit;

[0010] The master control unit is connected to the battery management system for sending battery management control instructions or query instructions to the main control unit, and for receiving feedback data from the main control unit;

[0011] The number of the main control units is N, and each of the main control units includes a main control board and a bypass relay. The main control board is connected to the bypass relay, and the bypass relay is used to bypass the main control board when the main control board fails and loses power.

[0012] The number of the slave control units is M; each of the master control units is connected to one or more slave control units, and N and M are both natural numbers greater than 1.

[0013] Further, the master control unit includes a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface;

[0014] The main control unit includes a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface;

[0015] Among them, the general control unit establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first general control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface,... and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2 main control communication interface and the 2N-1 main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the general control unit through the 2N main control communication interface and the second general control communication interface.

[0016] Furthermore, the main control board includes a main control chip, a PHY chip, and a switching chip;

[0017] The master control chip is used to receive and process data from the slave control unit and perform logical judgment and control;

[0018] The PHY chip is connected to the main control chip and is used to convert the digital signal generated by the main control chip into a physical signal for network transmission to form a data packet;

[0019] The switching chip is connected to the PHY chip and is used to forward received data packets to the corresponding communication interface;

[0020] Wherein, the switching chip includes two communication interfaces, and the connection or disconnection between the two communication interfaces is controlled by a Bypass relay.

[0021] Furthermore, the communication connection is an Ethernet connection, and each communication interface is an Ethernet interface.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system, wherein the method adopts the device for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system described in the first aspect;

[0023] The method comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step S1: The master control unit and the main control unit form a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol;

[0025] Wherein, the redundant communication ring network includes a main communication network and a backup communication network;

[0026] Step S2: Based on the redundant communication ring network, the main control unit obtains the control instruction or query instruction of the master control unit;

[0027] Step S3: The master control unit determines whether the main control unit can normally respond to the control instruction or query instruction:

[0028] If the main control unit returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit can respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally; if the main control unit does not return the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally, then the main control unit with a fault and power failure is bypassed, or the main control unit that cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the backup communication network;

[0029] Step S4: The master control unit receives the query result to implement redundant communication of the battery management system.

[0030] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Step S11: designing a network topology connection of a redundant communication ring network;

[0032] The master control unit is provided to include a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface;

[0033] The main control unit is set to include a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface;

[0034] Wherein, the master control unit establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first master control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface, ..., and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2th main control communication interface and the 2N-1th main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the master control unit through the 2Nth main control communication interface and the second master control communication interface;

[0035] Step S12: Execute RSTP configuration commands on both the master control unit and the main control unit to obtain a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol;

[0036] Among them, the network connected to the first master control communication interface is the main communication network, and the network connected to the second master control communication interface is the backup communication network.

[0037] Furthermore, bypassing the main control unit that has a fault and loses power specifically includes the following steps:

[0038] The master control unit determines whether the main control board in the main control unit has a fault and loses power:

[0039] If a main control board in the main control unit fails and loses power, two communication interfaces in the main control board are directly connected through a Bypass relay, thereby bypassing the main control unit that fails and loses power.

[0040] Further, controlling the main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction to return the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] Step A1: The master control unit determines whether the main control unit can normally respond to the query instruction sent by the master control unit:

[0042] If the number of times that the i-th main control unit fails to respond to the query instruction within the preset time reaches a preset threshold, the i-th main control unit is determined to be a main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction;

[0043] Where i∈[1,N];

[0044] Step A2: The main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction returns the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network.

[0045] Furthermore, the data exchange between the master control unit and the main control unit is implemented using the UDP protocol.

[0046] Furthermore, the redundant communication ring network is a redundant communication ring network established through Ethernet.

[0047] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0048] 1. The present invention forms a redundant communication ring network by connecting the master control unit and the main control unit, which can avoid communication interruption caused by line signal interference; at the same time, the main control unit with fault and power failure is bypassed by the Bypass relay, which can prevent system communication failure caused by damage to the main control board.

[0049] 2. The present invention can achieve rapid fault recovery through the design of bypass fault units and the rapid redundant switching capability of the RSTP protocol.

[0050] 3. The present invention has good flexibility and scalability, and supports dynamic adjustment of the number of master control units and slave control units according to actual application requirements.

[0051] 4. The present invention can reduce the time required for fault recovery due to manual intervention through an automated fault detection and switching mechanism.

[0052] 5. The present invention has an efficient communication and fault handling mechanism, which can provide more stable and accurate data support for battery status analysis and decision-making, thereby optimizing the battery charging and discharging strategy and extending the battery life.

[0053] 6. The present invention can reduce the system's reliance on manual intervention through redundant design and automatic bypass function, achieve self-recovery from faults, and reduce the overall cost of maintenance and operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall communication architecture of a battery management system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 is a communication schematic diagram with three main controllers in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Ethernet redundancy design principle of the main control unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 is a redundant communication flow chart in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Among them, the figure numbers are: 10, general control unit; 102, main control unit; 103, slave control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] It should be understood that the specific embodiments and drawings described herein are only used to explain the present invention rather than to limit the present invention.

[0061] It can be understood that, in the absence of conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0062] It can be understood that, for the convenience of description, the drawings of the present invention only show the parts related to the present invention, while the parts irrelevant to the present invention are not shown in the drawings.

[0063] It can be understood that each unit and module involved in the embodiments of the present invention may correspond to only one physical structure, or may be composed of multiple physical structures, or multiple units and modules may be integrated into one physical structure.

[0064] It can be understood that, without conflict, the functions and steps marked in the flowcharts and block diagrams of the present invention may occur in an order different from that marked in the drawings.

[0065] It is understood that the flowcharts and block diagrams of the present invention illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of the systems, devices, equipment, and methods according to the various embodiments of the present invention. Each box in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a unit, module, program segment, or code, which contains executable instructions for implementing the specified functions. Moreover, each box or combination of boxes in the block diagram and flowchart may be implemented by a hardware-based system that implements the specified functions, or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and computer instructions.

[0066] It can be understood that the units and modules involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by software or hardware. For example, the units and modules can be located in a processor.

[0067] Embodiment 1:

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a redundant communication implementation device for a battery management system, the device comprising:

[0069] The main control unit 102 is connected to the battery management system 101 for communication; it is used to send battery management control instructions or query instructions to the main control unit 103, and to receive feedback data from the main control unit 103;

[0070] The main control unit 103 is connected with the master control unit 102 to form a redundant communication ring network;

[0071] The number of the main control units 103 is N, and each main control unit 103 includes a main control board and a bypass relay. The main control board is connected to the bypass relay, and the bypass relay is used to bypass the main control board when the main control board fails and loses power.

[0072] The master control unit 103 is used to respond to control instructions or query instructions of the master control unit 102, and is also used to collect monitoring data of the slave control unit 104 and feed the monitoring data back to the master control unit 102;

[0073] The slave control unit 104 is connected to the master control unit 103 and is used to monitor the battery module and send the monitoring data to the master control unit 103;

[0074] The number of slave control units 103 is M; each of the master control units is connected to one or more slave control units, and N and M are both natural numbers greater than 1.

[0075] As a specific implementation, there is only one master control unit 102, but the master control unit 102 includes a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface;

[0076] There are N main control units 103, including a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface;

[0077] Among them, the master control unit 102 establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first master control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface,... and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2 main control communication interface and the 2N-1 main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the master control unit through the 2N main control communication interface and the second master control communication interface.

[0078] A Bypass relay is an electrical switch device used to control the connection and disconnection of a circuit. In a battery management system, when a main control board fails, a Bypass relay can be used to bypass the board, thereby maintaining normal operation of the system. Bypassing the main control board through a Bypass relay is mainly to ensure that the system can continue to operate without being affected when the main control board fails or loses power.

[0079] When designing the circuit, the connection mode of the bypass relay must be arranged reasonably. In this embodiment, the bypass relay is configured in parallel with the power supply and signal path of the main control board, so that it can bypass the main control board by switching the control switch when necessary.

[0080] Normal working state: The relay remains in the normally closed state, and the signal and power flow normally through the main control board.

[0081] Fault state: The relay switches to the normally open state, and the power supply and signal bypass the main control board.

[0082] After discovering the main control board fault, perform the following steps to control the Bypass relay:

[0083] (1) Fault signal generation:

[0084] Once a main control board fault is detected, a fault signal is generated, which may be a high level or a low level in this embodiment.

[0085] (2) Control signal transmission:

[0086] The fault signal is usually passed to the control circuit of the bypass relay to indicate its switching state.

[0087] (3) Relay switching:

[0088] After receiving the fault signal, the control circuit drives the Bypass relay to switch from the normally closed state to the normally open state, disconnecting the main control board from the network.

[0089] (4) Signal and power bypass:

[0090] When the relay is switched, the power and data flow will flow directly to other components or the main control unit through the Bypass relay.

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, EMS (Energy Management System, energy management system, equivalent to Figure 1 The battery management system in the battery management system is connected to the master controller (or control unit) via Ethernet, the master controller (or control unit) is connected to the main controller (or control unit) via an Ethernet ring network, and the main controller (or control unit) is connected to the slave controller (or control unit) via a CAN bus.

[0092] When multiple main control units are cascaded, the head end main controller (or control unit) is connected to Ethernet 1 derived from the switch of the master controller (or control unit) through Ethernet 1, the head end main controller (or control unit) Ethernet 2 is connected to Ethernet 1 of the second main controller (or control unit), and Ethernet 2 of the second main controller (or control unit) is connected to Ethernet 1 of the third main controller (or control unit). In this way, multiple main controllers (or control units) are cascaded hand in hand through the two Ethernets on the main control board, and Ethernet 2 of the tail end main controller (or control unit) is connected to Ethernet 2 derived from the switch of the master controller (or control unit) to form a ring network. When working normally, the Bypass relay on the main controller (or control unit) is disconnected, and the two Ethernet ports are independent of each other.

[0093] When one or more main control boards in the cascade fail and lose power, the Bypass relay is closed by default, the two Ethernet ports on the main controller (or control unit) are directly connected, the faulty main controller (or control unit) is bypassed, and the remaining main controllers (or control units) can communicate normally with the master controller (or control unit).

[0094] As a specific implementation method, Figure 3 As shown, the main control board includes a main control chip, a PHY chip, and a switching chip; the main control chip is used to receive and process data from the slave control unit, and perform logical judgment and control; the PHY chip is connected to the main control chip, and is used to convert the digital signal generated by the main control chip into a physical signal for network transmission to form a data packet; the switching chip is connected to the PHY chip, and is used to forward the received data packet to the corresponding communication interface; the switching chip includes two communication interfaces, and the connection or disconnection between the two communication interfaces is controlled by a Bypass relay.

[0095] Specifically, each main control unit 102 includes a main control chip, a PHY chip, a switching chip, and a Bypass relay. The main control chip is responsible for the logic control and data processing of the entire main control board. The main control chip usually supports various communication protocols and can process data from battery cells, sensors and other components. The PHY chip, that is, the physical layer interface chip, is used to convert digital signals into signals suitable for transmission. The PHY chip provides connection capabilities with the switching chip, so that the main control chip can exchange data with them through the physical interface; the switching chip is a chip used to manage data streams and implement multi-channel communication functions. The switching chip needs to have high-performance data forwarding capabilities to ensure the rapid transmission and exchange of data in the system. The switching chip includes two communication interfaces, which can flexibly implement different communication paths; the Bypass relay is used to control the connection or disconnection between the two communication interfaces. The Bypass relay can realize the redundant design of the communication link. If the main control board is bypassed, the main control board is directly skipped.

[0096] As a specific implementation manner, the communication connection is an Ethernet connection, and each communication interface is an Ethernet interface.

[0097] In fact, in addition to Ethernet, the battery management system (BMS) can also communicate in the following ways:

[0098] 1. Serial communication (such as RS-232, RS-485)

[0099] RS-232: Suitable for communication between devices over short distances (usually no more than 15 meters), usually used for single-point connections, such as between computers and devices.

[0100] RS-485: Supports long-distance (up to 1200 meters) and multi-point (can connect up to 32 devices) communications and is commonly used in industrial environments and building automation.

[0101] 2.CAN bus

[0102] CAN (Controller Area Network): is a multi-host, message-priority serial communication protocol widely used in automotive and industrial automation. It has strong anti-interference ability and high reliability, and is suitable for real-time data exchange.

[0103] 3. Wireless communication (such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LoRa)

[0104] Wi-Fi: Suitable for applications with high bandwidth requirements, but limited by distance and environment.

[0105] Zigbee: Suitable for low power consumption and short-distance transmission, commonly used in sensor networks and home automation.

[0106] LoRa: For long-distance, low-power communications, suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

[0107] 4. Fiber Optic Communications

[0108] Data transmission via optical fiber is suitable for scenarios that require high-speed and long-distance transmission, and has the advantages of anti-interference ability and high security.

[0109] 5. Bus system (such as Modbus, Profibus)

[0110] Modbus: An open communications protocol widely used in industrial environments that allows devices to communicate directly.

[0111] Profibus: used for data exchange between automation and control systems, with high efficiency and reliability.

[0112] However, Ethernet is used in this embodiment because: Ethernet provides a relatively high transmission rate (usually 100Mbps, 1Gbps or even higher), which is suitable for applications that require large amounts of data transmission, especially in real-time monitoring and data analysis; Ethernet is a mature communication standard with rich equipment and network components, easy integration and compatibility, and reduced costs and development complexity; Ethernet supports a variety of topologies (such as star and ring), especially the redundant communication ring network in this embodiment, which is more applicable; Ethernet has good compatibility, and various modern devices (such as computers, monitoring equipment, controllers, etc.) generally support Ethernet interfaces, which facilitates integration with other systems; finally, Ethernet can support a variety of communication protocols such as TCP / IP, which enhances the flexibility of the system and facilitates data interaction and sharing.

[0113] Embodiment 2:

[0114] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system, and the method adopts the redundant communication implementation device of the battery management system described in Example 1;

[0115] The method comprises the following steps:

[0116] Step S1: The master control unit 102 and the main control unit 103 form a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol; the redundant communication ring network includes a main communication network and a backup communication network.

[0117] In the battery management system, building a redundant communication ring network based on RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) can effectively improve the reliability and availability of the system.

[0118] RSTP is a protocol of the IEEE 802.1w standard, which is used to achieve fast topology convergence in computer networks. Compared with the traditional spanning tree protocol, RSTP can detect network failures, loops, and changes more quickly, thereby quickly adjusting the network topology and avoiding packet loss and network outages.

[0119] The steps to configure the RSTP protocol are as follows:

[0120] (1) Access the device configuration interface:

[0121] Log in to the management interface of the master control unit and main control unit, usually through SSH, Telnet or console.

[0122] (2) Enable RSTP protocol:

[0123] shell

[0124] enable

[0125] configure terminal

[0126] spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

[0127] (3) Setting the root bridge (i.e., master control unit):

[0128] Set the bridge priority of the master control unit to ensure that it becomes the root bridge of the entire network.

[0129] shell

[0130] spanning-tree vlan 1priority 4096

[0131] (4)Configure ports:

[0132] Enable the "PortFast" option for all connection ports to reduce network convergence time.

[0133] shell

[0134] interface gigabitethernet 0 / 1

[0135] spanning-tree portfast

[0136] (5)Configure BPDU protection:

[0137] Enable BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) protection to prevent accidental loops.

[0138] shell

[0139] spanning-tree bpduguard enable

[0140] (6) Save the configuration:

[0141] Make sure all settings are saved so they are persisted after the device is restarted.

[0142] RSTP has the following advantages:

[0143] (1) High availability:

[0144] A high-availability network structure is achieved through a redundant ring network. Even if a device or link fails, the system can continue to work through other paths.

[0145] (2) Fast convergence:

[0146] RSTP's fast convergence capability ensures that the network quickly returns to normal when a failure occurs, thus improving system stability.

[0147] (3) Load balancing:

[0148] Load balancing can be achieved among multiple main control units to improve the overall processing capability of the system.

[0149] (4) Easy to manage and maintain:

[0150] The use of standard network protocols facilitates configuration, management, and troubleshooting, reducing the workload of system administrators.

[0151] (5) Scalability:

[0152] New equipment can be easily integrated into existing networks without requiring major reconstruction.

[0153] As a specific implementation, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0154] Step S11: designing a network topology connection of a redundant communication ring network;

[0155] The master control unit is provided to include a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface;

[0156] The main control unit is set to include a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface;

[0157] Wherein, the master control unit establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first master control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface, ..., and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2th main control communication interface and the 2N-1th main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the master control unit through the 2Nth main control communication interface and the second master control communication interface;

[0158] Step S12: Execute the RSTP configuration command on both the master control unit and the main control unit to obtain a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol;

[0159] Among them, the network connected to the first master control communication interface is the main communication network, and the network connected to the second master control communication interface is the backup communication network.

[0160] Step S2: Based on the redundant communication ring network, the main control unit 103 obtains the control instruction or query instruction of the general control unit 102.

[0161] Step S3: The master control unit 102 determines whether the main control unit 103 can normally respond to the control instruction or query instruction:

[0162] If the main control unit returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit can respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally; if the main control unit does not return the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally, then the main control unit with a fault and power failure is bypassed, or the main control unit that cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the backup communication network;

[0163] As a specific implementation manner, bypassing the main control unit that has a fault and loses power specifically includes the following steps:

[0164] The main control unit 102 determines whether the main control board in the main control unit has a fault and loses power:

[0165] If a main control board in the main control unit fails and loses power, two communication interfaces in the main control board are directly connected through a Bypass relay, thereby bypassing the main control unit that fails and loses power.

[0166] As a specific implementation manner, controlling the main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction to return the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network specifically includes the following steps:

[0167] Step A1: The master control unit 102 determines whether the main control unit can normally respond to the query instruction sent by the master control unit:

[0168] If the number of times that the i-th main control unit fails to respond to the query instruction within the preset time reaches a preset threshold, the i-th main control unit is determined to be a main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction;

[0169] Where i∈[1,N];

[0170] Step A2: The main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction returns the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network.

[0171] Step S4: The master control unit receives the query result to implement redundant communication of the battery management system.

[0172] As a specific implementation manner, the data exchange between the master control unit and the main control unit is implemented using the UDP protocol.

[0173] When the master control unit and the main control unit exchange data, in addition to the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocol, the following communication protocols can also be used:

[0174] (1) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

[0175] Features: TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data transmission and guarantees the integrity of data packets through a retransmission mechanism. It is suitable for scenarios that require high data transmission reliability.

[0176] Applicable scenarios: Applications that need to ensure data integrity and prevent data loss, such as file transfer, remote login, etc.

[0177] (2)MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol)

[0178] Features: A lightweight message publish / subscribe protocol suitable for use in networks with limited bandwidth and power consumption. Hosts exchange data by publishing and subscribing to topics.

[0179] Applicable scenarios: IoT devices, remote monitoring systems, and other applications that require support for low bandwidth and low power consumption.

[0180] (3) CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)

[0181] Features: A web transmission protocol designed for small devices, similar to HTTP but more lightweight. Transmitted via UDP to reduce overhead.

[0182] Applicable scenarios: Applications that require simple device-to-device communication in an IoT environment.

[0183] (4) HTTP / HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

[0184] Features: A protocol based on a request / response model, suitable for transferring documents and synchronizing data, but usually cumbersome and not suitable for real-time applications.

[0185] Applicable scenarios: Web services and API calls, etc., which require stable connections.

[0186] However, this embodiment selects the UDP protocol as the data transmission method between the master control unit and the main control unit because the UDP protocol has the following advantages:

[0187] (1) Low latency:

[0188] The UDP protocol uses a connectionless mode, avoiding the delay of connection establishment and disconnection, and is suitable for applications with high real-time requirements, such as real-time message transmission.

[0189] (2) Simple and efficient:

[0190] The UDP protocol has a small header overhead and a simple data packet structure, which is suitable for effectively transmitting data under limited bandwidth and improves data transmission speed.

[0191] (3) No retransmission mechanism:

[0192] UDP itself does not provide a data retransmission mechanism, so the application layer can design its own retransmission strategy according to demand, avoiding additional delays caused by retransmission. It is suitable for applications that are not sensitive to packet loss.

[0193] (4) Broadcast and multicast support:

[0194] UDP supports broadcast and multicast transmission, and is suitable for scenarios where data needs to be transmitted to multiple recipients simultaneously, such as status updates and command issuance.

[0195] (5) Flexibility:

[0196] It is suitable for applications that require high throughput, such as audio and video streaming, online games, etc., and can handle a large number of concurrent connections with low latency.

[0197] As a specific implementation, the redundant communication ring network is a redundant communication ring network established through Ethernet. Embodiment 1 has already elaborated on the advantages of Ethernet in detail, and this embodiment will not be repeated.

[0198] In order to further explain the redundant communication implementation method of the battery management system in this embodiment. Figure 4 As shown, this method specifically includes the following steps:

[0199] First, the master control unit uses the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) to determine the communication connection path to ensure the efficiency and stability of the network topology. Through this protocol, the master control unit can quickly determine the best data transmission path between each main control unit.

[0200] After determining the communication path, the master control unit sends a data query instruction or a control instruction to the i-th master control unit. The purpose of this instruction is to request the return of specific data or to instruct the master control unit to perform a certain operation.

[0201] Next, the master control unit monitors the response from the ith master control unit and checks whether it has exceeded the preset response time range. At this time, it determines whether a timeout has occurred.

[0202] If the response times out, the master control unit needs to calculate the number of timeouts that have occurred. When determining the number of timeouts, if the number of timeouts exceeds the set threshold K, the master control unit will re-use the RSTP protocol to re-determine the communication connection path. This operation is intended to resolve possible network problems or communication failures, thereby restoring normal data transmission.

[0203] If the number of timeouts does not exceed K, the master control unit will resend the data query instruction or control instruction to the i-th master control unit on the current path. In this case, the master control unit continues to try to establish effective communication with the master control unit.

[0204] If the response from the i-th master control unit is received within the preset time, it means that the communication is normal, and the master control unit will successfully receive the data from the i-th master control unit for subsequent processing. This process ensures that the system can take appropriate countermeasures to maintain good communication performance and data accuracy in the face of network delays and communication failures.

[0205] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A redundant communication implementation device for a battery management system, characterized in that: The device comprises: General control unit, master control unit and slave control unit; The slave control unit is connected to the master control unit and is used to monitor the battery module and send the monitoring data to the master control unit; The master control unit is connected to the master control unit to form a redundant communication ring network; the master control unit is used to respond to the control instructions or query instructions of the master control unit, and is also used to collect monitoring data of the slave control unit and feed the monitoring data back to the master control unit; The master control unit is connected to the battery management system for sending battery management control instructions or query instructions to the main control unit, and for receiving feedback data from the main control unit; The number of the main control units is N, and each of the main control units includes a main control board and a bypass relay. The main control board is connected to the bypass relay, and the bypass relay is used to bypass the main control board when the main control board fails and loses power. The number of the slave control units is M; each of the master control units is connected to one or more slave control units, and N and M are both natural numbers greater than 1.

2. The redundant communication implementation device of the battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The master control unit includes a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface; The main control unit includes a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface; Among them, the general control unit establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first general control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface,... and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2 main control communication interface and the 2N-1 main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the general control unit through the 2N main control communication interface and the second general control communication interface.

3. The redundant communication implementation device of the battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control board includes a main control chip, a PHY chip, and a switching chip; The master control chip is used to receive and process data from the slave control unit and perform logical judgment and control; The PHY chip is connected to the main control chip and is used to convert the digital signal generated by the main control chip into a physical signal for network transmission to form a data packet; The switching chip is connected to the PHY chip and is used to forward received data packets to the corresponding communication interface; Wherein, the switching chip includes two communication interfaces, and the connection or disconnection between the two communication interfaces is controlled by a Bypass relay.

4. The redundant communication implementation device for a battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The communication connection is an Ethernet connection, and each communication interface is an Ethernet interface.

5. A method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system, characterized in that: The method adopts the redundant communication implementation device of the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4; The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: The master control unit and the main control unit form a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol; Wherein, the redundant communication ring network includes a main communication network and a backup communication network; Step S2: Based on the redundant communication ring network, the main control unit obtains the control instruction or query instruction of the master control unit; Step S3: The master control unit determines whether the main control unit can normally respond to the control instruction or query instruction: If the main control unit returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit can respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally; if the main control unit does not return the control result or query result to the master control unit through the main communication network, it is judged that the main control unit cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally, then the main control unit with a fault and power failure is bypassed, or the main control unit that cannot respond to the control instruction or query instruction normally returns the control result or query result to the master control unit through the backup communication network; Step S4: The master control unit receives the query result to implement redundant communication of the battery management system.

6. The method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: designing a network topology connection of a redundant communication ring network; The master control unit is provided to include a first master control communication interface and a second master control communication interface; The main control unit is set to include a first main control unit, a second main control unit, ..., an Nth main control unit; the first main control unit includes a first main control communication interface and a second main control interface, the second main control unit includes a third main control communication interface and a fourth main control interface, ..., the Nth main control unit includes a 2N-1th main control communication interface and a 2Nth main control interface; Wherein, the master control unit establishes a communication connection with the first main control unit through the first master control communication interface and the first main control communication interface; the first main control unit establishes a communication connection with the second main control unit through the second main control communication interface and the third main control communication interface, ..., and so on, the N-1th main control unit establishes a communication connection with the Nth main control unit through the 2N-2th main control communication interface and the 2N-1th main control communication interface; the Nth main control unit establishes a communication connection with the master control unit through the 2Nth main control communication interface and the second master control communication interface; Step S12: Execute RSTP configuration commands on both the master control unit and the main control unit to obtain a redundant communication ring network based on the RSTP protocol; Among them, the network connected to the first master control communication interface is the main communication network, and the network connected to the second master control communication interface is the backup communication network.

7. The method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bypassing of the main control unit that has a fault and loses power specifically includes the following steps: The master control unit determines whether the main control board in the main control unit has a fault and loses power: If a main control board in the main control unit fails and loses power, two communication interfaces in the main control board are directly connected through a Bypass relay, thereby bypassing the main control unit that fails and loses power.

8. The method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Controlling the main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction to return the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network specifically includes the following steps: Step A1: The master control unit determines whether the main control unit can normally respond to the query instruction sent by the master control unit: If the number of times that the i-th main control unit fails to respond to the query instruction within the preset time reaches a preset threshold, the i-th main control unit is determined to be a main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction; Where i∈[1,N]; Step A2: The main control unit that cannot normally respond to the query instruction returns the query result to the main control unit through the backup communication network.

9. The method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data exchange between the master control unit and the main control unit is implemented by using the UDP protocol.

10. The method for implementing redundant communication of a battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The redundant communication ring network is a redundant communication ring network established through Ethernet.

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