Cultivation method for integrally regulating and controlling panax notoginseng root rot through micro-spray irrigation of water, fertilizer and pesticide on slope cropland

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for micro-spray irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated regulation and control of panax notoginseng root rot in slope cropland, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting. Soil turning is conducted on the gentle slope land with the shady and cool back face where pseudo-ginseng is not planted in the earlier stage; disinfection, wherein pentachloronitrobenzene is added into the turned soil for disinfection, and then ditching, ridging and shed building are carried out; planting disease-free seedlings; the irrigation amount and the fertilization amount are adjusted in time according to the water requirement rule of each growth stage of the panax notoginseng, and the panax notoginseng is irrigated and fertilized in a micro-spray irrigation mode; field management and pesticide spraying: spraying an acetaldehyde solution in a flowering stage and a fruiting stage for 1-3 times according to requirements per week, and controlling panax notoginseng root rot for cultivation. According to the method, through scientific management measures, disinfection and efficient pesticide, the morbidity rate of common panax notoginseng root rot is reduced to 4.5% from 20%, and the morbidity rate of panax notoginseng root rot is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cultivation method for regulating Panax notoginseng diseases by integrating micro-sprinkling irrigation with water, fertilizer and medicine on sloping cultivated land, and belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting. Background Art

[0002] In order to seek high yield per unit area, traditional farmland planting of Panax notoginseng involves excessive irrigation, fertilizer and plant growth hormone, which leads to high incidence of Panax notoginseng diseases, reduced yield and quality, and even serious agricultural non-point source pollution. The Yunnan Province Forest Understory Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Three-Year Action Plan targets the problems of low medicinal quality, high pesticide residues and heavy metal content of artificially planted Chinese medicinal materials on farmland. With the practical starting point of saving farmland resources and preventing farmland from "non-agriculturalization", it promotes the ecological model of "using medicine to support forestry" and industrial development, making the area of ​​farmland suitable for Panax notoginseng planting less and less. There are serious obstacles to continuous cropping in Panax notoginseng planting. Continuous cropping can lead to weak growth of crops, outbreaks of diseases, reduced quality, reduced yields and even total crop failure; even a replanting interval of 15-30 years cannot completely eliminate replanting failures. In order to solve this problem, farmers must find arable land that has never been planted with Panax notoginseng for planting, which is an unsustainable process and also limits the sustainable development of the Panax notoginseng industry. Choosing to plant on sloping farmland can not only effectively alleviate the problem of limited planting of Panax notoginseng in farmland, but also effectively alleviate the shortage of land resources and open up a new model for planting Panax notoginseng on sloping farmland.

[0003] Panax notoginseng root rot is an important disease in the growth process of Panax notoginseng. It not only affects the yield of Panax notoginseng, but also affects its quality. When Panax notoginseng is infected with Panax notoginseng root rot, the roots of Panax notoginseng will rot, and the Panax notoginseng on the ground will wither or wilt. When Panax notoginseng is infected with root rot, it will lose about 20% per year, and the most serious will reach 70%, accounting for 70%-85% of the common diseases of Panax notoginseng. However, since the discovery of Panax notoginseng root rot, there are no effective prevention and control measures and methods in the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems and shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for regulating Panax notoginseng diseases by integrating micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland. The present invention reduces the prevalence of Panax notoginseng root rot from 20% to a minimum of 4.5% through scientific management measures, disinfection and efficient pesticides, effectively reducing the prevalence of Panax notoginseng root rot. The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions.

[0005] A cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and medicine on sloping cultivated land, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Select the site: Turn the soil of the shady and gently sloping land on the back side where Panax notoginseng has not been planted in the early stage;

[0007] Step 2, disinfection: the soil after tillage is disinfected by adding pentachloronitrobenzene, and then furrows are opened, ridges are formed and sheds are built;

[0008] Step 3, planting disease-free seedlings: sterilize the seedlings with a fungicide mixed with Antasheng (1:500), Polyan (1:1000), Metol (1:500), Iprodione (1:2000), and Alum (1:500) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:0.25:1, and then plant them;

[0009] Step 4: Reasonable irrigation and fertilization: timely adjust the amount of irrigation and fertilization according to the water demand of Panax notoginseng at each growth stage, and use micro-sprinkler irrigation to irrigate and fertilize Panax notoginseng;

[0010] Step 5. Field management and pesticide spraying: Use acetaldehyde solution for spraying during the flowering and fruiting stages, spray 1 to 3 times a week according to needs, to control Panax notoginseng root rot during cultivation.

[0011] In step 1, the gentle slope has a slope of 5-10°, is sandy loam, and is slightly acidic; the soil moisture content of the gentle slope is 25wt% to 30wt%, and the altitude is 1500 to 1800m.

[0012] In step 2, pentachloronitrobenzene is added with water to adjust the concentration to 10%-30%, and the added amount is 1 kg per mu of gentle slope land.

[0013] In step 2, the shed is built by laying 2 to 3 layers of shade nets on the top 2 meters above the ground, and 2 layers of dense grid shade nets are built around to ensure that the light transmittance is 12% to 24%. The light transmittance of one-year-old Panax notoginseng is 8% to 12%, the light transmittance of two-year-old Panax notoginseng is 12% to 15%, and the light transmittance of three-year-old Panax notoginseng is 15% to 24%.

[0014] The seedlings in step 3 are one-year-old Panax notoginseng seed strips.

[0015] The spraying structure of the micro-sprinkler irrigation in step 4 includes a water reservoir 1, a water valve 2, a flow meter 3, a pressure gauge 4, a filter 5, a main pipe 6, a branch pipe 7, a nozzle 8, a proportional fertilizer applicator 9 and a fertilizer bucket 10. A horizontal main pipe 6 is laid, and a branch pipe 7 is connected to the end of the main pipe 6 and each ridge top is provided. The inside of the main pipe 6 is connected to the proportional fertilizer applicator 9 through the filter 5, the pressure gauge 4, the flow meter 3, and the water valve 2 in turn. The proportional fertilizer applicator 9 is connected to the water reservoir 1 and the fertilizer bucket 10 in turn, and nozzles are evenly arranged at the lower end of each branch pipe 7.

[0016] The irrigation in step 4 is as follows: the irrigation cycle in the flowering period is 5 days, and the number of irrigations is 11-12 times; the irrigation cycle in the fruiting period is 10 days, and the number of irrigations is 5-6 times; the irrigation cycle in the ripening period is 10 days, and the number of irrigations is 4-5 times; the rated irrigation amount is 6.67m per mu 3, irrigation level is 80~85%·θ FC .

[0017] In step 4, fertilization is performed as follows: the number of fertilizations is 7 to 11 times, and the amount of each fertilization is 2 kg N per mu, and P 2 O 5 is 2kg, K 2 O is 4kg.

[0018] In step 5, the concentration of the acetaldehyde solution is 10% to 30%, and the spraying amount of the acetaldehyde solution is 0.5 to 1.2 kg per mu.

[0019] In step 5, the planting row spacing is: 10cm-12cm×10cm-12cm.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) Micro-sprinkler irrigation can use small amounts of water more frequently, improve irrigation uniformity, and increase water use efficiency.

[0022] (2) According to the different growth periods and years of Panax notoginseng, the number of shade net layers should be adjusted in time to change the light transmittance to meet the light intensity required during the growth period, reduce the humidity in the shade shed, and reduce the incidence of Panax notoginseng.

[0023] (3) Adjust the irrigation and fertilization times according to different growth stages to provide the water and nutrient requirements at different growth stages.

[0024] (4) The method of the present invention only sprays foliar fertilizer once during the seedling stage to promote leaf growth and improve disease resistance; Citi sprays pymetrozine and imidacloprid on the attachment sites of plant pests, which greatly reduces the amount of pesticides used and avoids the traditional large-scale spraying of pesticides to prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0025] (5) Planting on sloping land can effectively remove excess water during concentrated rainfall periods with the help of the natural terrain slope, thus avoiding water accumulation in the root system, growth stunting, and the high incidence of root rot.

[0026] (6) Compared with traditional planting methods, the integrated cultivation method of micro-spraying irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland provided by this method is easy to operate, does not occupy farmland resources, saves costs, and naturally regulates water with the help of the slope, reduces root rot diseases, and improves the quality of Panax notoginseng. It provides a scientific and reasonable irrigation strategy for controlling water, reducing fertilizer, improving quality and reducing pesticides in Panax notoginseng cultivation on sloping farmland, and is suitable for large-scale promotion of green cultivation of Panax notoginseng on sloping farmland.

[0027] (7) The present invention reduces the incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot from 20% to a minimum of 4.5% through scientific management measures, disinfection and high-efficiency pesticides, effectively reducing the incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the micro-sprinkler irrigation structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of Panax notoginseng yield according to the experimental results in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1-water reservoir, 2-water valve, 3-flow meter, 4-pressure gauge, 5-filter, 6-main pipe, 7-branch pipe, 8-sprinkler, 9-proportional fertilizer applicator, 10-fertilizer barrel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The cultivation method of sloping farmland micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and medicine integrated regulation of Panax notoginseng root rot disease comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, site selection: start turning the soil of the gently sloping land with a cool back side that has not been planted with Panax notoginseng in the early stage between October and November of the lunar calendar; the gently sloping land has a slope of 6.38°, sandy loam, and is slightly acidic; the soil moisture content of the gently sloping land is 25wt% to 30wt%, and the altitude is 1500 to 1800m;

[0035] Step 2, disinfection: the soil after tillage is disinfected by adding pentachloronitrobenzene, and then digging furrows, ridges and building sheds; pentachloronitrobenzene is added with water to adjust the concentration to 10%, and the addition amount is 1 kg per mu of gentle slope; the top of the shed is 2m above the ground, 2 to 3 layers of shade nets are laid, and 2 layers of dense grid shade nets are built around to ensure that the light transmittance is 15% to 24%;

[0036] Step 3, planting disease-free seedlings: the seedlings are disinfected and sterilized with a fungicide mixed with Antaisheng (1:500), Baolian (1:1000), Jiatuo (1:500), Ibuprofen (1:2000), and Sanitizer (1:500) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:0.25:1, and then planted; the seedlings are one-year-old Yunnan Panax notoginseng seed strips, and the stems and leaves are manually cut off before disinfection;

[0037] Step 4, reasonable irrigation and fertilization: timely adjust the irrigation and fertilization amount according to the water demand law of Panax notoginseng at each growth stage, and use micro-sprinkler irrigation to irrigate and fertilize Panax notoginseng; the irrigation and fertilization amounts in this embodiment are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, and the irrigation level is 80-85%·θ FC ;

[0038] Table 1 Reference table of irrigation system for Panax notoginseng during the whole growth period

[0039]

[0040] Table 2 Reference table of fertilization system for Panax notoginseng during the whole growth period

[0041]

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the spraying structure of the micro-sprinkler irrigation includes a water reservoir 1, a water valve 2, a flow meter 3, a pressure gauge 4, a filter 5, a main pipe 6, a branch pipe 7, a nozzle 8, a proportional fertilizer applicator 9 and a fertilizer barrel 10. A horizontal main pipe 6 is laid, and a branch pipe 7 is connected to the end of the main pipe 6 and each ridge top is provided. The inside of the main pipe 6 is connected to the proportional fertilizer applicator 9 through the filter 5, the pressure gauge 4, the flow meter 3, and the water valve 2 in turn. The proportional fertilizer applicator 9 is connected to the water reservoir 1 and the fertilizer barrel 10 in turn, and nozzles are evenly arranged at the lower end of each branch pipe 7.

[0043] The fertilization adopts the 1:3:2 mode, that is, water is applied separately for the first 1 / 6 of the time, the fertilizer applicator is used to apply fertilizer in the middle 1 / 2 of the time, and water is applied separately for the last 1 / 3 of the time to wash away the fertilizer liquid remaining on the leaves.

[0044] Step 5, field management and spraying of pesticides: acetaldehyde solution is used for spraying during the flowering and fruiting stages (the concentration of acetaldehyde solution is 30%, and the spraying amount of acetaldehyde solution is 0.5 kg per mu), spray 1 to 3 times a week according to needs, and cultivate Panax notoginseng root rot, with the cultivation row spacing of 10 cm×10 cm.

[0045] The one-year-old Yunnan Panax notoginseng seed strips in this embodiment were planted for three years (from 2018 to 2020) to obtain three-year-old Panax notoginseng. The incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot in the three-year-old Panax notoginseng each year is shown in Table 3.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The cultivation method of sloping farmland micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and medicine integrated regulation of Panax notoginseng root rot disease comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1, site selection: start turning the soil of the gently sloping land with a cool back side that has not been planted with Panax notoginseng in the early stage between October and November of the lunar calendar; the gently sloping land has a slope of 8.38°, sandy loam, and is slightly acidic; the soil moisture content of the gently sloping land is 25wt% to 30wt%, and the altitude is 1500 to 1800m;

[0049] Step 2, disinfection: the soil after tillage is disinfected by adding pentachloronitrobenzene, and then digging furrows, ridges and building sheds; pentachloronitrobenzene is added with water to adjust the concentration to 30%, and the addition amount is 1 kg per mu of gently sloping land; the top of the shed is 2m above the ground, 2 to 3 layers of shade nets are laid, and 2 layers of dense grid shade nets are built around it to ensure that the light transmittance is 15% to 24%;

[0050] Step 3, planting disease-free seedlings: the seedlings are disinfected and sterilized with a fungicide mixed with Antaisheng (1:500), Baolian (1:1000), Jiatuo (1:500), Ibuprofen (1:2000), and Sanitizer (1:500) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:0.25:1, and then planted; the seedlings are one-year-old Yunnan Panax notoginseng seed strips, and the stems and leaves are manually cut off before disinfection;

[0051] Step 4, reasonable irrigation and fertilization: timely adjust the irrigation and fertilization amounts according to the water demand rules of Panax notoginseng at different growth stages, and use micro-sprinkler irrigation to irrigate and fertilize Panax notoginseng; the irrigation and fertilization amounts in this embodiment are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0052] Table 1 Reference table of irrigation system for Panax notoginseng during the whole growth period

[0053]

[0054] Table 2 Reference table of fertilization system for Panax notoginseng during the whole growth period

[0055]

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the spraying structure of the micro-sprinkler irrigation includes a water reservoir 1, a water valve 2, a flow meter 3, a pressure gauge 4, a filter 5, a main pipe 6, a branch pipe 7, a nozzle 8, a proportional fertilizer applicator 9 and a fertilizer barrel 10. A horizontal main pipe 6 is laid, and a branch pipe 7 is connected to the end of the main pipe 6 and each ridge top is provided. The inside of the main pipe 6 is connected to the proportional fertilizer applicator 9 through the filter 5, the pressure gauge 4, the flow meter 3, and the water valve 2 in turn. The proportional fertilizer applicator 9 is connected to the water reservoir 1 and the fertilizer barrel 10 in turn, and nozzles are evenly arranged at the lower end of each branch pipe 7.

[0057] The fertilization adopts the 1:3:2 mode, that is, water is applied separately for the first 1 / 6 of the time, the fertilizer applicator is used to apply fertilizer in the middle 1 / 2 of the time, and water is applied separately for the last 1 / 3 of the time to wash away the fertilizer liquid remaining on the leaves.

[0058] Step 5, field management and spraying of pesticides: acetaldehyde solution is used for spraying during the flowering and fruiting stages (the concentration of acetaldehyde solution is 10%, and the spraying amount of acetaldehyde solution is 1.0 kg per mu), spray 1 to 3 times a week according to needs, and cultivate Panax notoginseng root rot, with the cultivation row spacing of 10 cm×10 cm.

[0059] The one-year-old Yunnan Panax notoginseng seed strips in this embodiment were planted for three years (from 2018 to 2020) to obtain three-year-old Panax notoginseng. The incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot in the three-year-old Panax notoginseng each year is shown in Table 3.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The same one-year-old Yunnan Panax notoginseng seed strips of the present invention are planted using existing planting methods and existing pesticides and disinfection methods. The annual incidence of Panax notoginseng root rot of three-year-old Panax notoginseng is shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3 Panax notoginseng root rot disease

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 3, using the method of the present invention, when the root rot of two-year-old Panax notoginseng in 2019 reached 20.5%, the root rot of the present invention was as low as 4.59%. The root rot of three-year-old Panax notoginseng was only 12.57%, which is much lower than the existing 25.48%.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] Three irrigation levels were set. 1 : 70-75%θ FC (110mm), I 2 : 75-80%θ FC (220mm) and I 3 : 80-85%θ FC (330mm) and 3 slope levels S 1 (2.43°), S 2 (6.38°) and S 3 (16.38°), and other parameter conditions were exactly the same as those in Example 1. A total of 9 treatments were made to respond to the yield of Panax notoginseng by coupling different irrigation amounts and slopes. The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, from Figure 2 It can be seen that the height and leaf size of Panax notoginseng plants increase with the increase of irrigation amount, increase first and then decrease with the increase of slope, and I 3 S 2 That is to say, in the present invention, the slope is between 5-10° and the irrigation level is 80-85%·θ FC , the yield of Panax notoginseng planting is the largest and best, that is, when the slope of the present invention is between 5-10° and the irrigation level is 80-85%·θ FC , Panax notoginseng has the least root rot, so the yield is the best.

[0067] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementation modes, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrating micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and medicine on sloping farmland, characterized by the following steps include: Step 1: Select the site: Turn the soil of the shady and gently sloping land on the back side where Panax notoginseng has not been planted in the early stage; Step 2, disinfection: the soil after tillage is disinfected by adding pentachloronitrobenzene, and then furrows are opened, ridges are formed and sheds are built; Step 3, planting disease-free seedlings: the seedlings are disinfected and sterilized with a fungicide prepared by mixing antason, polian, metoprolol, ipromide, and chlorpyrifos in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:0.25:1, and then planted; Step 4: Reasonable irrigation and fertilization: timely adjust the amount of irrigation and fertilization according to the water demand of Panax notoginseng at each growth stage, and use micro-sprinkler irrigation to irrigate and fertilize Panax notoginseng; Step 5. Field management and pesticide spraying: Use acetaldehyde solution for spraying during the flowering and fruiting stages, spray 1 to 3 times a week according to needs, to control Panax notoginseng root rot during cultivation.

2. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the gentle slope has a slope of 5-10°, is sandy loam, and is slightly acidic; the soil moisture content of the gentle slope is 25wt% to 30wt%, and the altitude is 1500 to 1800m.

3. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, pentachloronitrobenzene is added with water to adjust the concentration to 10%-30%, and the added amount is 1 kg per mu of gentle slope land.

4. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the shed is built by laying 2 to 3 layers of shade nets on the top 2 m above the ground, and building 2 layers of dense grid shade nets around it to ensure that the light transmittance is 12% to 24%.

5. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrating micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedlings in step 3 are one-year-old Panax notoginseng seed strips.

6. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying structure of the micro-sprinkler irrigation in step 4 comprises a water reservoir (1), a water valve (2), a flow meter (3), a pressure gauge (4), a filter (5), a main pipe (6), a branch pipe (7), a nozzle (8), a proportional fertilizer applicator (9) and a fertilizer bucket (10). A horizontal main pipe (6) is laid, and a branch pipe (7) is connected to the end of the main pipe (6) and each ridge top is provided with a branch pipe (7). The inside of the main pipe (6) is connected to the proportional fertilizer applicator (9) through the filter (5), the pressure gauge (4), the flow meter (3) and the water valve (2) in sequence. The proportional fertilizer applicator (9) is connected to the water reservoir (1) and the fertilizer bucket (10) in sequence, and nozzles are evenly arranged at the lower end of each branch pipe (7).

7. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation in step 4 is as follows: the irrigation cycle in the flowering period is 5 days, and the number of irrigations is 11-12 times; the irrigation cycle in the fruiting period is 10 days, and the number of irrigations is 5-6 times; the irrigation cycle in the ripening period is 10 days, and the number of irrigations is 4-5 times; the rated irrigation amount is 6.67m per mu 3 , irrigation level is 80~85%·θ FC .

8. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization in step 4 is as follows: the number of fertilizations is 7 to 11 times, and the amount of each fertilization is 2 kg N, 2 kg P2O5, and 4 kg K2O per mu.

9. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the concentration of the acetaldehyde solution is 10% to 30%, and the spraying amount of the acetaldehyde solution is 0.5 to 1.2 kg per mu.

10. The cultivation method for controlling Panax notoginseng root rot by integrated micro-sprinkling irrigation, water, fertilizer and pesticide on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the planting row spacing is: 10cm-12cm×10cm-12cm.

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