Yarn and velvet triboelectric fabric preparation method and triboelectric nanometer generator

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of yarn and velvet triboelectric fabric and a friction nanometer generator, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent textile materials. The friction nanometer generator comprises a positive friction unit and a negative friction unit; at least one of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit comprises the velvet friction electric fabric. According to the invention, more technical possibilities can be provided for the development of flexible and diversified friction nano-generators, and the application prospects of the friction nano-generators in the fields of clothing, wearable equipment and the like are greatly expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent textile materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of yarn and velvet triboelectric fabrics and a triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Art

[0002] In the existing field of friction nanogenerators, friction nanogenerators are power generation devices that use the principles of friction electrification and electrostatic induction to collect tiny mechanical energy and convert it into electrical energy. Figure 1 As shown, the friction nanogenerator generally includes a friction layer 4, an electrode layer 5 and an external wire 6. The friction layer 4 can be a positive friction layer or a negative friction layer, the electrode layer 5 can be a positive electrode layer or a negative electrode layer, the positive friction layer and the positive electrode layer are connected to form a positive friction unit, the negative friction layer and the negative electrode layer are connected to form a negative friction unit, and the external wire 6 connects the positive electrode layer of the positive friction unit and the negative electrode layer of the negative friction unit. The friction nanogenerator generally has four working modes: vertical contact separation, horizontal sliding friction, independent layer and single electrode.

[0003] At present, the combination of friction nanogenerator and textile technology is a new way of energy collection. The smart textile materials formed by the combination can collect the tiny mechanical energy generated by the human body's constant movement and convert it into electrical energy, so as to provide energy for smart wearable devices, get rid of the trouble of endurance and frequent charging caused by traditional battery power supply, and thus bring new technological breakthroughs to the field of wearable devices. Velvet fabrics usually include a large specific surface area, which can increase the actual friction contact area of ​​the friction nanogenerator during operation, and increase the voltage, current, charge and other electrical outputs of the friction nanogenerator. Velvet fabrics are gradually becoming the preferred material for the friction layer of the friction nanogenerator. There are many ways to obtain velvet fabrics, but velvet fabrics are mostly formed at the fabric level using machine weaving, or the fabric is formed by finishing such as brushing, grinding, flocking, needle punching, etc. The process is complicated, and as a friction layer of the friction nanogenerator alone, it is separated from the electrode layer, which is not conducive to the flexibility and integration of the friction nanogenerator and its application in clothing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a method for preparing yarn and velvet triboelectric fabrics and a triboelectric nanogenerator, aiming to partially or completely solve the technical problems in the prior art of preparing velvet fabrics, the separation of the friction layer and the electrode layer is not conducive to the flexibility and integration of the triboelectric nanogenerator and its application in clothing. The present invention can prepare velvet triboelectric fabrics, which can realize the combination of the friction layer and the electrode layer, improve the flexibility and integration of the triboelectric nanogenerator, reduce the structural redundancy of the triboelectric nanogenerator, and facilitate the combination of the triboelectric nanogenerator with textiles. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step S100: obtaining a core yarn and a decorative yarn, wherein the core yarn is a conductive yarn;

[0007] Step S200: at least on a crochet machine, the core yarn is warp-chained to form a warp-chained structure, and at least on a crochet machine, the warp-chained structure is weft-laid with decorative yarn to obtain a conductive woven structure;

[0008] Step S300: dividing the decorative yarn of the conductive woven fabric to prepare yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric.

[0009] Optionally, in step S200, the core yarn is a warp yarn, and the warp yarn is chain-knitted on a crochet machine to form a warp yarn chain structure; the decorative yarn is a weft yarn, and is clamped by the coils of the warp yarn chain structure.

[0010] Optionally, in step S100, the conductive yarn includes a conductive medium layer and a yarn layer.

[0011] Optionally, in step S100, the decorative yarn comes from one or more of natural fiber yarn and chemical fiber yarn.

[0012] In the second aspect, a velvet-like triboelectric fabric is a yarn for velvet-like triboelectric fabric prepared by any method for preparing a yarn for velvet-like triboelectric fabric as described in the first aspect above, comprising the following steps: weaving the yarn for velvet-like triboelectric fabric on a computer flat knitting machine to obtain the velvet-like triboelectric fabric.

[0013] In the third aspect, a friction nanogenerator is provided, wherein the velvet-type friction electric fabric is prepared by the method for preparing the velvet-type friction electric fabric described in the second aspect, and comprises: a positive electrode friction unit and a negative electrode friction unit; at least one of the positive electrode friction unit and the negative electrode friction unit comprises the velvet-type friction electric fabric.

[0014] Optionally, the positive friction unit is connected to the negative friction unit; or, part of the velvet-like friction electric fabric is connected to an external sensor or external electronic device or grounded with yarn or connects the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) In the present invention, the conductive yarn is used as the core yarn, so that the final yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric has a conductive function, and a triboelectric fabric with the required conductive performance parameters can be formed; the core yarn is warp-chained and the decorative yarn is weft-laid by a crochet machine, so as to give full play to the weaving advantages of the crochet machine and effectively integrate the two weaving methods to obtain a conductive woven structure; the weft yarn (i.e., the decorative yarn) of the conductive woven structure is divided, so that the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric can be prepared, and the existing woven fabric does not need to be subjected to post-finishing steps (such as brushing, grinding, flocking, and needle-punching). After the weft yarn is divided, the texture of the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric is more fluffy, and the contact points and friction opportunities of the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric are increased, which can be used to improve the effect of the triboelectric effect.

[0017] (2) In the present invention application, the velvet triboelectric fabric is prepared to combine the friction layer, the electrode layer and the wire in the friction nanogenerator, which can greatly simplify the structure of the existing friction nanogenerator, reduce the material usage and assembly process steps of the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the velvet triboelectric fabric as an integrated material avoids the problem of poor interlayer bonding that may occur in the traditional multilayer structure, reduces the influence of factors such as interlayer displacement and contact resistance change on the power conversion efficiency during the power generation process, can reliably and stably output electrical energy to power wearable devices, improve the performance stability of the friction nanogenerator, and is conducive to large-scale production and promotion and application;

[0018] (3) In the present invention application, the technical advantage of the convenient weaving of velvet-like triboelectric fabrics is utilized to flexibly design the shape, size and texture of the triboelectric fabrics. The voltage, current, charge and other electrical outputs of the triboelectric nanogenerator can be adjusted to meet different application scenarios and needs, which provides more technical possibilities for the development of flexible and diversified triboelectric nanogenerators and greatly expands the application prospects of triboelectric nanogenerators in clothing, wearable devices and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working principle of a friction nanogenerator in the prior art;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabrics according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the principle of preparing a yarn for a velvet triboelectric fabric applied for by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a yarn sample for velvet triboelectric fabrics according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a velvet triboelectric fabric sample applied for in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the friction nanogenerator applied for in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the voltage, current and charge output by the triboelectric nanogenerator applied for in the present invention;

[0027] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation methods of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0030] First, as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, a method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step S100: obtaining a core yarn and a decorative yarn, wherein the core yarn is a conductive yarn;

[0032] Step S200: at least on a crochet machine, the core yarn is warp-chained to form a warp-chained structure 1, and at least on a crochet machine, the warp-chained structure is weft-laid using a decorative yarn 2 to obtain a conductive woven structure;

[0033] In some embodiments, warp chaining the core yarn to form a warp chain structure includes: on a crochet machine, after the core yarn is drawn out from the warp beam, feeding the core yarn into the crochet hook in a certain order, when the crochet hook rises, the core yarn is padded in the hook of the crochet hook, and then the crochet hook descends, bringing the core yarn through the old coil to form a new coil, and in this cycle, each core yarn forms a warp chain structure formed by numerous coils in sequence;

[0034] In some embodiments, using decorative yarns to perform weft inlay on the warp chain structure includes: using decorative yarns to perform weft inlay operation of weft knitting process on a crochet machine, inserting one or several decorative yarns into certain coil rows of the warp chain structure, these decorative yarns do not participate in loop formation, and can be sandwiched between the front coil and the back coil of the warp chain structure in a curved or straight shape, thereby forming a weft knitted fabric structure.

[0035] Step S300: dividing the decorative yarn of the conductive woven fabric to prepare yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric.

[0036] In the present invention application, firstly, the conductive yarn is used as the core yarn so that the final yarn for velvet-type triboelectric fabric has the conductive function, and the triboelectric fabric with the required conductive performance parameters can be formed; in addition, the core yarn is warp-chained and the decorative yarn is weft-interlaced by a crochet machine, so as to give full play to the weaving advantages of the crochet machine and effectively integrate the two weaving methods to obtain a conductive woven structure; in addition, the weft yarn (i.e., the decorative yarn) of the conductive woven structure is divided, so that the yarn for velvet-type triboelectric fabric can be prepared, and the existing woven fabric does not need to go through the post-finishing process (such as brushing, grinding, flocking, and needle-punching). After the weft yarn is divided, the yarn for velvet-type triboelectric fabric has a fluffier texture, and the contact points and friction opportunities of the yarn for velvet-type triboelectric fabric are increased, which can be used to improve the triboelectric effect.

[0037] Optionally, in step S200, the core yarn is the warp yarn, and the warp yarn is chain-knitted on a crochet machine to form a warp yarn chain-knitted structure, and the decorative yarn is the weft yarn, which is clamped by the warp yarn chain-knitted structure.

[0038] In the present application, a crochet machine is used for operation, and the decorative yarn is clamped as the weft yarn, forming an effective combination of warp yarn chain and weft yarn clamping, reducing complex steps, and the production process is relatively simple and efficient; at the same time, the warp yarn and the weft yarn are cleverly combined tightly, improving the integrity of the conductive woven structure, reducing the possibility of loosening or displacement of the weft yarn, and properly maintaining the overall dimensional stability of the conductive woven structure.

[0039] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, a yarn sample for a velvet triboelectric fabric is prepared, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step S10: obtaining silver-plated nylon yarn as core yarn and polyester yarn as decorative yarn;

[0041] Step S20: at least on a crochet machine, the core yarn is warp-chained to form a warp-chained structure, and at least on a crochet machine, the warp-chained structure is weft-laid with decorative yarn to obtain a conductive woven structure;

[0042] Step S30: dividing the decorative yarn of the obtained conductive woven fabric, illustratively, by using a cutting knife 3, so as to prepare yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric.

[0043] Optionally, the conductive yarn comprises a conductive medium layer and a yarn layer.

[0044] In some embodiments, the conductive medium layer includes silver-plated nylon and silver-plated polyester conductive substances, and the yarn layer includes yarn, and the silver-plated nylon and silver-plated polyester conductive substances are coated on the surface of the yarn.

[0045] In some embodiments, the conductive medium layer includes metal particles and metal wire conductive substances, and the yarn layer includes yarns, and the metal particles and metal wire conductive substances are formed on the surface of the yarns.

[0046] In some embodiments, the conductive medium layer includes conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole, and the yarn layer includes yarns, and conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole are polymerized on the surface of the yarns.

[0047] Optionally, the decorative yarn comes from one or more of natural fiber yarn and chemical fiber yarn.

[0048] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the natural fiber yarn include one or more of cotton, linen, silk, and wool. Natural fiber yarns such as cotton, linen, silk, and wool generally have good hygroscopicity, air permeability, and comfort, and are soft, skin-friendly, elastic, and extensible, making the fabrics comfortable to wear. Natural fibers are environmentally friendly and easy to decompose and recycle.

[0049] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the chemical fiber yarn include one or more of polyester, nylon, acrylic, and chlorofiber. Chemical fiber yarns such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, and chlorofiber generally have the advantages of high strength, thermoplasticity, good shrinkage resistance, and economical price. For example, nylon has high strength and good wear resistance, polyester has good wrinkle resistance and is easy to maintain its shape after washing, acrylic is warm and light-resistant, chlorofiber is flame-retardant and acid- and alkali-resistant, etc. The raw materials of chemical fiber yarns are widely available and low in cost, which is very conducive to large-scale production.

[0050] It is worth mentioning that natural fiber yarn and chemical fiber yarn have their own characteristics, and have unique advantages and good use effects in different application fields. In actual production, they are often blended to give full play to their respective advantages and meet people's needs for different performance and functions.

[0051] In the second aspect, a method for preparing velvet triboelectric fabric, the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric is prepared by any method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric as described in the first aspect above, comprising the following steps: weaving the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric on a computer flat knitting machine to obtain velvet triboelectric fabric.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, using Figure 4 The yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric prepared in the above method for preparing velvet triboelectric fabric is used to weave a velvet triboelectric fabric sample on a computer flat knitting machine, and the structure of the velvet triboelectric fabric sample is 1+1 ribbing. 1+1 ribbing is a weft knitted fabric composed of longitudinal rows of front coils and longitudinal rows of back coils arranged alternately in a certain combination. In a complete structure, longitudinal rows of front coils and longitudinal rows of back coils appear alternately, and the ratio of longitudinal rows of front coils to longitudinal rows of back coils is 1:1, that is, each time a front coil is woven, a back coil is woven next, and the velvet triboelectric fabric has a clear, regular, simple and neat aesthetic feeling of stripes, the surface of the fabric is relatively flat, without obvious bumps and depressions, and has excellent elasticity and resiliency. It can fit the curve of the human body closely, and there is no sense of tightness or restraint when worn, giving people a comfortable wearing experience.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, in the third aspect, a friction nanogenerator, a velvet-like friction electric fabric prepared by or without the velvet-like friction electric fabric preparation method described in the second aspect, comprises: a positive electrode friction unit, a negative electrode friction unit; at least one of the positive electrode friction unit and the negative electrode friction unit comprises the velvet-like friction electric fabric.

[0054] In the present application, the velvet-type triboelectric fabric 7 woven from yarn can replace the friction layer 4 and the electrode layer 5 of the existing friction nanogenerator, and at least one of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit includes the velvet-type triboelectric fabric, and a potential difference can be formed between the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit, which means: 1) The positive friction unit includes the velvet-type triboelectric fabric, or the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can be directly used as the positive friction unit, the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can have both the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the negative friction unit can still be the friction layer 4 and the electrode layer 5, so that the friction power generation effect of the friction nanogenerator can be achieved; 2) The negative friction unit The unit includes velvet-type triboelectric fabric, or the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can be directly used as the negative friction unit, the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can have both the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the positive friction unit can still be the friction layer 4 and the electrode layer 5, so that the triboelectric effect of the friction nanogenerator can be realized; 3) The positive friction unit includes velvet-type triboelectric fabric, or the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can be directly used as the positive friction unit, the negative friction unit includes velvet-type triboelectric fabric, or the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can be directly used as the negative friction unit, so that the velvet-type triboelectric fabric can have both the friction layer and the electrode layer, which can further realize and improve the triboelectric effect of the friction nanogenerator.

[0055] Therefore, the friction nanogenerator applied for in the present invention can greatly simplify the structure of the existing friction nanogenerator, reduce the material usage and assembly process steps of the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the velvet friction electric fabric, as an integrated material, avoids the problem of poor interlayer bonding that may occur in the traditional multi-layer structure, reduces the influence of factors such as interlayer displacement and contact resistance change on the energy conversion efficiency during the power generation process, and can reliably and stably output electrical energy to power wearable devices, improve the performance stability of the friction nanogenerator, and is conducive to large-scale production and popularization and application; at the same time, by utilizing the technical advantage of the convenient weaving of velvet friction electric fabrics, the shape, size and texture of the friction electric fabrics can be flexibly designed to meet different application scenarios and needs, which will provide more technical possibilities for the development of diversified friction nanogenerators and will greatly expand its application prospects in clothing, wearable devices and other fields.

[0056] Optionally, the positive friction unit is connected to the negative friction unit; or, part of the velvet-like triboelectric fabric is connected to an external sensor or external electronic device or grounded with yarn or connects the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit.

[0057] In the present application, first, when at least one of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit includes the velvet-like triboelectric fabric, part of the yarn for the velvet-like triboelectric fabric can be drawn out from the velvet-like triboelectric fabric, and part of the yarn for the velvet-like triboelectric fabric can be used as the conductor 8. In this way, the yarns led out of the velvet-like triboelectric fabric itself can be used as conductors to make the entire friction nanogenerator structure more compact and integrated, without the need for separate conductor materials and complex connection processes, thereby reducing the material cost and manufacturing cost of the friction nanogenerator, which is particularly advantageous for application scenarios such as wearable devices or small sensors with limited space. In addition, when at least one of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit includes the velvet-like triboelectric fabric, some of the yarns used in the velvet-like triboelectric fabric can be individually connected to external sensors (such as capacitive sensors, etc.) or external electronic devices (such as mobile phones, ipods, etc.) or grounded, and some of the yarns used in the velvet-like triboelectric fabric can also connect the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit, so that a complete triboelectric effect system can be formed inside the fabric, which provides possibilities for related equipment such as mobile phones and reduces dependence on external power sources. In addition, the risk of failure caused by poor connection points of traditional wires is also reduced, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the operation of the friction nanogenerator and extending its service life. The design of using velvet-like triboelectric yarns as conductors can more conveniently adjust the spatial layout of the friction nanogenerator according to actual needs, which is convenient for subsequent technical upgrades and functional expansions.

[0058] use Figure 5 The velvet triboelectric fabric prepared in the method is used to construct a single-electrode vertical contact-separation friction nanogenerator by combining the velvet triboelectric fabric with a PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, abbreviated as PTFE, Chinese polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the voltage output by the friction nanogenerator under the conditions of temperature of 22°C, humidity of 38%, contact separation distance of 20mm, contact force of 5N, and contact frequency of 2HZ ( Figure 7 (a)), current ( Figure 7 (b)), charge ( Figure 7 In the schematic diagram of (c), the voltage reaches 12.3V, the current reaches 65.5nA, and the charge reaches 5.1nC.

[0060] from Figure 7 It can be seen that the friction nanogenerator applied for in the present invention shows good power generation performance, has stable and reliable electrical performance working ability under corresponding environment and working parameters, and can stably power sensors and small electronic devices, which makes it have great technical potential and market scenarios in the fields of clothing, wearable devices, etc.

[0061] The above describes the present invention and its implementation methods, which are not restrictive. The drawings show only one implementation method of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S100: obtaining a core yarn and a decorative yarn, wherein the core yarn is a conductive yarn; Step S200: at least on a crochet machine, the core yarn is warp-chained to form a warp-chained structure, and at least on a crochet machine, the warp-chained structure is weft-laid with decorative yarn to obtain a conductive woven structure; Step S300: dividing the decorative yarn of the conductive woven fabric to prepare yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric.

2. The method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S200, the core yarn is the warp yarn, which is chain-knitted on a crochet machine to form a warp chain structure; the decorative yarn is the weft yarn, which is clamped by the coils of the warp chain structure.

3. The method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S100 , the conductive yarn includes a conductive medium layer and a yarn layer.

4. The method for preparing yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S100, the decorative yarn comes from one or more of natural fiber yarn and chemical fiber yarn.

5. A method for preparing a velvet triboelectric fabric, wherein the yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric is prepared by the method for preparing a velvet triboelectric fabric yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The yarn for velvet triboelectric fabric is woven on a computer flat knitting machine to obtain velvet triboelectric fabric.

6. A friction nanogenerator, comprising a fleece-like friction electric fabric prepared by the method for preparing fleece-like friction electric fabric as described in claim 5, characterized in that: include: A positive friction unit and a negative friction unit; at least one of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit comprises the velvet-like triboelectric fabric.

7. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positive friction unit is connected to the negative friction unit; or, part of the velvet-like friction electric fabric is connected to an external sensor or an external electronic device or grounded with yarn or connects the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit.

Images