Smelting electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome through hot blending

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ferrochrome smelting, in particular to a smelting electric arc furnace for producing low-carbon ferrochrome through hot blending, which comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is mounted on an operation platform through a furnace tilting device, a low smoke hood is mounted on the furnace body, and a hot blending system is arranged on the operation platform on one side of the furnace body; an anti-boiling mechanism is arranged on the operation platform, and locking mechanisms are arranged at the opening of the furnace body and on the low smoke hood. The locking mechanism is driven through the anti-boiling mechanism and the linkage assembly, it is ensured that the low smoke hood and the furnace body are tightly closed, and smoke dust, waste gas and heat generated in the smelting process are effectively prevented from overflowing from gaps. The environment is protected, pollution is reduced, the heat efficiency in the furnace can be improved, and energy consumption is reduced. The closely-closed low smoke hood can reduce air flow in the furnace, so that the phenomenon of large boiling of molten steel caused by air convection is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ferrochrome smelting, in particular to an electric arc furnace for smelting low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloys produced by hot exchange. Background Art

[0002] Stainless steel refers to alloy steel with a chromium content of not less than 12%, and some also contain nickel, titanium and other elements. The addition of these elements can enhance its corrosion resistance and other physical properties. When stainless steel is smelted, a low-carbon ferrochromium alloy smelting electric arc furnace is usually used for smelting. The low-carbon ferrochromium alloy smelting electric arc furnace is a smelting equipment that uses the principle of electric arc heating. It is mainly used to produce low-carbon ferrochromium alloys with a chromium content of less than 10%. This alloy has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other characteristics, and is widely used in stainless steel, alloy steel, foundry and other fields. The working principle of the electric arc furnace is to use the high temperature of the electric arc to melt the raw materials in the furnace and react chemically to obtain the required alloy composition. During the smelting process, the electrode transfers electrical energy to the furnace and triggers arc heating, so that the raw materials in the furnace gradually melt. At the same time, by adjusting parameters such as the height of the electrode and the current intensity, the length and heating intensity of the arc can be controlled, thereby achieving precise control of the smelting process. After the smelting is completed, the tilting device tilts the furnace body at a certain angle, pours out the smelted alloy liquid and performs subsequent treatment.

[0003] During the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, since each liquid has its specific boiling point, this is the temperature point at which the liquid begins to vaporize violently. When the temperature of the liquid reaches the boiling point, the molecules inside the liquid will obtain enough energy to overcome the surface tension and the attraction of the surrounding molecules, and will break away from the liquid to form bubbles, which may cause a large boiling phenomenon. When the molten steel has a large boiling phenomenon, it will cause a sharp drop in the temperature of the molten steel, a sharp decrease in the C content, and a decrease in the amount of molten steel in the furnace, which seriously affects the quality and cost of the molten steel. During the large boiling, the molten steel in the molten pool will surge violently and even spray out of the furnace body. This surge will not only affect the stability of production, but also cause damage to equipment and machines, while wasting a lot of raw materials. The surging melt may carry a lot of heat and metal particles, posing a safety threat to the surrounding environment and personnel. Large boiling is often accompanied by a significant drop in the temperature of the molten steel. This is because during the boiling process, the release of a large amount of gas and steam will take away the heat in the melt, causing the temperature of the molten steel to drop rapidly. In order to restore the temperature of the molten steel, it is necessary to re-send electricity for heating, which not only prolongs the smelting time, but also increases energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above problems existing in the prior art, the problem to be solved by the present application is that during a large boiling, the molten steel in the molten pool will surge violently and even spray out of the furnace body, posing a safety threat to the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is: a heat exchange production of low-micro carbon ferrochrome alloy smelting electric arc furnace, comprising: a furnace body, an operating platform is arranged around the furnace body, the furnace body is installed on the operating platform through a furnace tilting device, a low smoke hood is installed on the furnace body, and a heat exchange system is arranged on the operating platform on one side of the furnace body; The operating platform is provided with an anti-boiling mechanism, which includes a fixed frame arranged above the furnace body, a movable block movably connected in the fixed frame, a plurality of electrodes fixedly arranged on the movable block, and a synchronously moving linkage component is arranged on the anti-boiling mechanism; A locking mechanism is arranged at the opening of the furnace body and on the low smoke hood, and the locking mechanism includes a fixing ring 1 fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body and a fixing ring 2 fixedly arranged below the low smoke hood. A through groove is penetrated through the fixing ring 2, and the through grooves are arranged in a circle with the center of the low smoke hood as the origin. A block that is mutually engaged and locked with the fixing ring 1 is slidably arranged in the through groove.

[0006] Preferably, the furnace body is provided with a furnace door that can move up and down, the furnace tilting device at the bottom of the furnace body includes a bracket arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and a furnace tilting cylinder arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, the low smoke hood is provided with a plurality of insertion holes that are compatible with the electrodes, a short net system is provided on one side of the operating platform, and a smoke exhaust pipe is penetrated and connected to the low smoke hood.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-boiling mechanism further comprises a rotating platform rotatably arranged on the operating platform, the rotating platform is externally connected to an external drive, a fixing column is movably connected to the rotating platform, and a fixing block is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the fixing column close to the furnace body.

[0008] Preferably, the fixed block is fixedly provided with a fixed frame close to one side of the furnace body, and the limiting rods are symmetrically fixed in the fixed frame. A ball screw is rotatably arranged between the limiting rods, and the outer surfaces of the ball screw and the limiting column are movably connected to the movable block, wherein the ball screw is threadedly connected to the movable block.

[0009] Preferably, the linkage assembly on the anti-boiling mechanism includes a stop block fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixed block, and the linkage assembly also includes a driving cylinder arranged in the mounting platform, and a limit ring is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting piece is slidably provided at the end of the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder, the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the low smoke hood, and an elastic piece 1 is provided between the connecting piece and the limiting ring via the output shaft sleeve of the driving cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises a movable ring movably sleeved on the furnace body, a fixed ring three is further fixedly arranged on the furnace body, and the movable ring is located between the fixed ring three and the fixed ring one.

[0012] Preferably, two side walls of the movable ring close to the fixed ring three and the fixed ring one are inclined surfaces, and one side of the fixed ring three and the fixed ring one close to the movable ring are both arranged as inclined surfaces.

[0013] Preferably, the through groove is set to two sections, which are a cylindrical section and a square section respectively. A connecting rod is slidably connected in the cylindrical section of the through groove. A limiting ring is fixedly set at the end of the connecting rod close to the second fixing ring, and the end of the connecting rod away from the limiting ring is fixedly connected to the block.

[0014] Preferably, one side of the clamping block close to the fixing ring three is set as an inclined surface, the outer surface of the clamping block slides in the square section of the through groove, and an elastic member 2 is provided between the clamping block and the bottom of the through groove through a connecting rod sleeve.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are: The present application provides an electric arc furnace for smelting low-micro-carbon ferrochromium alloy by hot exchange. The program of the external drive motor is set to rotate clockwise until the electrode is inserted into the molten steel in the furnace body and counterclockwise until the electrode is separated from the molten steel as one working cycle, and it repeats this process. Accurately controlling the degree and time of electrode penetration into the molten steel can effectively prevent the molten steel from boiling due to improper electrode operation. This helps to maintain the stable state of the molten steel and improve the smelting quality. According to the changes in the liquid level of the molten steel, the length of the electrode extension can be flexibly adjusted. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to the smelting needs under different liquid level conditions and ensures that the electrode always works within the appropriate depth range. By adjusting the movable block and the electrode position thereon, the heating area and intensity of the arc can be changed, thereby effectively controlling the boiling of the molten metal.

[0016] The present application provides a hot exchange low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy smelting electric arc furnace, which pops out from the through slot through a card block and locks the short smoke hood on a fixing ring to ensure the tight closure between the short smoke hood and the furnace body, effectively preventing smoke, exhaust gas and heat generated during the smelting process from escaping from the gap. This not only helps to protect the environment and reduce pollution, but also improves the thermal efficiency of the furnace and reduces energy consumption. The tightly closed short smoke hood can reduce the air flow in the furnace, thereby reducing the large boiling of molten steel caused by air convection.

[0017] The present application provides an electric arc furnace for hot exchange production of low-carbon ferrochromium alloy smelting. The locking mechanism is driven by an anti-boiling mechanism and a linkage assembly. When the fixed column continues to descend, the block will lose the restriction of the inclined surface at the top of the movable ring. The deformation of the elastic member two causes the block to pop out and causes the block to be located between the movable ring and the fixed ring three. At this time, the fixed column rises under the action of the driving system, and the block drives the movable ring to slide on the outer surface of the furnace body until the block is separated from the fixed ring one. The locking mechanism is unlocked, and locking and unlocking are achieved through a mechanical structure, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the short smoke hood during the smelting process.

[0018] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present application has other purposes, features and advantages. The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the anti-boiling mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall present invention from another perspective; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front cutaway structure of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at C in the middle; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the locking mechanism of the present invention after explosion.

[0020] Description of the figure number: 1. Furnace body; 2. Operating platform; 3. Furnace door; 4. Heat exchange system; 5. Tilting cylinder; 6. Low smoke hood; 7. Insertion hole; 8. Short net system; 9. Smoke exhaust duct; 10. Anti-boiling mechanism; 11. Rotating platform; 12. Fixed column; 13. Fixed block; 14. Fixed frame; 15. Limit rod; 16. Ball screw; 17. Movable block; 18. Electrode; 19. Linkage assembly; 20. Block; 21. Driving cylinder; 22. Limit ring; 23. Connecting piece; 24. Elastic piece 1; 25. Locking mechanism; 26. Fixed ring 1; 27. Fixed ring 2; 28. Movable ring; 29. ​​Fixed ring 3; 30. Through groove; 31. Connecting rod; 32. Limit ring; 33. Block; 34. Elastic piece 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Reference Figures 1 to 8 , a hot exchange electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochromium alloy smelting, comprising: a furnace body 1, which is the main part of the electric arc furnace, used to accommodate raw materials and melts in the smelting process, and is usually made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, such as refractory bricks or special alloy steels. An operating platform 2 is arranged around the furnace body 1, and the furnace body 1 is installed on the operating platform 2 through a furnace tilting device. The furnace tilting device is used to adjust the inclination angle of the furnace body 1 so as to pour out the smelted alloy liquid. A short smoke hood 6 is installed on the furnace body 1. The short smoke hood 6 is a spherical structure, and an aluminum silicate fiber blanket, a zirconium-containing fiber module and its anchor are laid inside. A hot exchange system 4 is arranged on the operating platform 2 on one side of the furnace body 1. The hot exchange system 4 is a key part of the electric arc furnace, which is used to quickly mix the high-temperature melt with another substance (such as a reducing agent, an alloy additive, etc.) to achieve the desired alloy composition and properties; It should be noted that the basic principle of the heat exchange method is to use silicon thermal reduction reaction to reduce chromium oxide in chromium ore into ferrochrome. In this process, silicon, as a reducing agent, reacts with chromium oxide at high temperature to produce ferrochrome and silicon dioxide. At the same time, lime, as a flux, can lower the melting point of the melt, promote the reaction, and absorb impurities produced by the reaction.

[0024] The process of hot exchange method mainly includes the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: Prepare appropriate amounts of chromium ore, lime and silicon-chromium alloy as raw materials. The chromium ore should contain a high content of chromium oxide, lime as flux, and silicon-chromium alloy as reducing agent.

[0025] (2) Smelting chromium ore lime melt: After mixing chromium ore and lime in a certain proportion, add them into an electric furnace for smelting. The high temperature of the electric furnace melts the raw materials to form a high Cr2O3-CaO melt. During this process, the smelting temperature and the composition of the melt need to be controlled to ensure the smooth progress of subsequent reactions.

[0026] (3) Melting silicon-chromium alloy: In another electric furnace, the silicon-chromium alloy is melted. The melting temperature of the silicon-chromium alloy also needs to be controlled within a certain range to ensure that it has good fluidity and reducibility.

[0027] (4) Heat exchange reaction: The pre-melted chrome ore lime melt is mixed with the liquid silicon-chromium alloy in a reactor outside the furnace. In this process, the sensible heat of the charge and the reaction heat jointly maintain the high temperature required for smelting. At high temperatures, the silicon in the silicon-chromium alloy reacts with the chromium oxide in the chrome ore lime melt to produce low-carbon ferrochrome and silicon dioxide. A large amount of heat is released during the reaction, causing the melt temperature to rise sharply and produce intense boiling.

[0028] (5) Casting and cooling: After the reaction is completed, the obtained low-carbon ferrochrome melt is cast into an ingot mold and cooled. After cooling, the finished low-carbon ferrochrome can be obtained.

[0029] The heat exchange system 4 required for the heat exchange method mainly includes an electric arc furnace (i.e., furnace body 1), an external reactor, a casting device, and a cooling device, etc. Among them, the electric furnace is used to smelt chromite lime melt and silicon-chromium alloy; the external reactor is used for heat exchange reaction; the casting device is used to cast the melt after reaction into ingots; and the cooling device is used to cool the cast ingots.

[0030] Specific reference Figures 1 to 8 , a hot exchange production of low-micro carbon ferrochromium alloy smelting electric arc furnace, also includes an operating platform 2 provided with an anti-boiling mechanism 10, the anti-boiling mechanism 10 includes a fixed frame 14 arranged above the furnace body 1, a movable block 17 is movably connected in the fixed frame 14, a plurality of electrodes 18 are fixedly arranged on the movable block 17, and a synchronously moving linkage component 19 is arranged on the anti-boiling mechanism 10, the fixed frame 14 is installed above the furnace body 1, and plays the role of supporting and guiding the movable block 17, and the fixed frame 14 is set to a material that is resistant to high temperature, corrosion-resistant and has sufficient mechanical strength. A plurality of electrodes 18 are fixedly arranged on the movable block 17, and these electrodes 18 are used to transfer electric energy to the molten metal in the furnace to induce arc heating. The movable block 17 is movably connected in the fixed frame 14, and its position can be adjusted according to the smelting needs. During the smelting process, the molten metal may boil violently due to high temperature and chemical reactions. By adjusting the position of the movable block 17 and the electrodes 18 thereon, the heating area and intensity of the arc can be changed, thereby effectively controlling the boiling phenomenon of the molten metal; Please refer to Figures 1 to 8, a hot exchange low-micro carbon ferrochrome alloy smelting electric arc furnace, also includes a locking mechanism 25 arranged at the opening of the furnace body 1 and the short smoke hood 6, the locking mechanism 25 includes a fixing ring 1 26 fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body 1 and a fixing ring 2 27 fixedly arranged below the short smoke hood 6, and the fixing ring 1 26 plays a fixed supporting role. A through groove 30 is opened through the fixing ring 27, and the through groove 30 is arranged in a circle with the center of the short smoke hood 6 as the origin. A block 33 that is mutually locked with the fixing ring 1 26 is slidably arranged in the through groove 30. When the short smoke hood 6 needs to be closed, the anti-boiling mechanism 10 moves down synchronously, and the locking mechanism 25 is squeezed by the linkage component 19, so that the block 33 arranged on the short smoke hood 6 is inserted into the bottom of the fixing ring 1 26 and is limited by the fixing ring 1 26. When the electric arc furnace is in working state, the molten metal in the furnace body 1 will generate a large amount of heat and smoke. In order to prevent the heat and smoke from escaping from the opening of the furnace body 1, it is necessary to ensure the tight connection between the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1. The sealing between the furnace body 1 and the short smoke hood 6 is ensured by the locking mechanism 25, thereby effectively preventing the heat and smoke from escaping. This not only protects the safety of the operator, but also reduces environmental pollution. Through the design of the locking mechanism 25, the electric arc furnace can maintain a more stable state during the smelting process. This helps to improve the smelting efficiency and quality.

[0031] For details, please refer to Figures 1 to 4The furnace body 1 is provided with a furnace door 3 that moves up and down. The main function of the furnace door 3 is to control the opening and closing of the furnace body 1 so as to perform operations such as charging, discharging and observing the smelting conditions in the furnace. The furnace door 3 is usually moved up and down by an electric or manual device. During the smelting process, the furnace door 3 needs to remain closed to prevent the overflow of heat and smoke. When charging or discharging is required, the furnace door 3 can be opened. The furnace tilting device at the bottom of the furnace body 1 includes a bracket arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 and a furnace tilting cylinder 5 arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The main function of the furnace tilting device is to tilt the furnace body 1 at a certain angle after the smelting is completed so as to pour out the smelted alloy liquid. The furnace tilting cylinder 5 realizes the tilting and resetting of the furnace body 1 through telescopic movement. A plurality of insertion holes 7 that are mutually compatible with the electrode 18 are provided on the short smoke hood 6. The short smoke hood 6 is located above the furnace body 1. Its main function is to collect smoke and exhaust gas generated during the smelting process. The design of the short smoke hood 6 helps to reduce the overflow of smoke and exhaust gas and protect the environment. The insertion hole 7 is used for inserting the electrode 18 into the furnace body 1 so as to transfer electric energy to the furnace for smelting. The size and position of the insertion hole 7 need to match the electrode 18 to ensure that the electrode 18 can be stably inserted and work normally. A short-grid system 8 is provided on one side of the operating platform 2, and various control buttons and instruments are provided for monitoring and controlling the operating status of the electric arc furnace. A smoke exhaust duct 9 is connected through the low smoke hood 6. The short-grid system 8 includes components such as the electrode 18, a conductive arm, and a copper busbar, which are used to transfer electric energy from the transformer to the electrode 18, and then to the furnace for smelting. The design of the short-grid system 8 needs to ensure the stable transmission and efficient utilization of electric energy.

[0032] For further information, please refer to Figure 3 to Figure 4 The anti-boiling mechanism 10 also includes a rotating platform 11 rotatably arranged on the operating platform 2, the rotating platform 11 is externally connected to an external drive, and a fixed column 12 is movably connected to the rotating platform 11. During use, the rotating platform 11 can rotate and lift the fixed column 12 up and down, so as to insert the electrode 18 into the insertion hole 7 of the low smoke hood 6. A fixed block 13 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the fixed column 12 close to the furnace body 1. When the fixed column 12 rotates and lifts up and down, the fixed block 13 moves synchronously. A fixed frame 14 is fixedly arranged on the fixed block 13 close to the furnace body 1. The fixed frame 14 has symmetrically fixed limit rods 15. A ball screw 16 is rotatably arranged between the limit rods 15. The outer surface of the ball screw 16 and the limit column is movably connected to the movable block 17, wherein the ball screw 16 is threadedly connected to the movable block 17. The ball screw 16 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor. The driving motor is a servo motor, which can drive the ball screw 16 to rotate continuously clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0033] In the initial state, the short smoke hood 6 is located above the furnace body 1. After starting the driving cylinder 21, the output shaft of the driving cylinder 21 drives the short smoke hood 6 to move toward the opening of the furnace body 1 through the connecting piece 23 until the short smoke hood 6 is located directly above the furnace body 1 and initially fits with the opening of the furnace body 1, and the axis of the furnace body 1 is coaxial with the axis of the short smoke hood 6. At this time, the furnace body 1 and the short smoke hood 6 are initially closed. At this time, the external drive motor of the ball screw 16 is started again, wherein the program of the external drive motor is set to rotate clockwise until the electrode 18 extends into the molten steel of the furnace body 1 and rotate counterclockwise until the electrode 18 is separated from the molten steel as a working cycle, and reciprocate in this way. Accurately controlling the degree and time of the electrode 18 penetrating into the molten steel can effectively prevent the molten steel from boiling due to improper operation of the electrode 18. This helps to maintain the stable state of the molten steel and improve the smelting quality. According to the change of the liquid level of the molten steel, the extension length of the electrode 18 is flexibly adjusted. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to the smelting needs under different liquid level conditions and ensures that the electrode 18 always works within the appropriate depth range.

[0034] Reference Figures 4 to 8 The linkage assembly 19 on the anti-boiling mechanism 10 includes a stop block 20 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixed block 13, and the linkage assembly 19 also includes a driving cylinder 21 arranged in the mounting platform, and a limit ring 22 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder 21. A connecting piece 23 is slidably arranged at the end of the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder 21, and the connecting piece 23 is fixedly connected to the low smoke hood 6. An elastic piece 24 is arranged between the connecting piece 23 and the limit ring 22 through the output shaft sleeve of the driving cylinder 21.

[0035] When it is necessary to close the short smoke hood 6 on the furnace body 1, the stop block 20 of the anti-boiling mechanism 10 is synchronously lowered and pressed against the locking mechanism 25, so that the locking mechanism 25 closes the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1 tightly again. The stop block 20 of the anti-boiling mechanism 10 presses against the locking mechanism 25, so that the tight closure between the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1 can be ensured, and the smoke, exhaust gas and heat generated during the smelting process can be effectively prevented from overflowing from the gap. This not only helps to protect the environment and reduce pollution, but also improves the thermal efficiency in the furnace and reduces energy consumption. The tightly closed short smoke hood 6 can reduce the air flow in the furnace, thereby reducing the large boiling of molten steel caused by air convection. The large boiling of molten steel not only affects the smelting quality, but also may cause safety hazards. Therefore, the tightly closed short smoke hood 6 is of great significance for ensuring the stability and safety of the smelting process. The tight closure between the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1 helps to maintain the high temperature environment in the furnace, making the smelting process more efficient. At the same time, the tightly closed low smoke hood 6 can also reduce heat loss, reduce energy consumption, and further improve smelting efficiency.

[0036] Specifically, refer to Figures 6 to 8Furthermore, the locking mechanism 25 also includes a movable ring 28 movably sleeved on the furnace body 1, and a fixed ring 3 29 is also fixedly arranged on the furnace body 1, and the movable ring 28 is located between the fixed ring 3 29 and the fixed ring 1 26. The two side walls of the movable ring 28 close to the fixed ring 3 29 and the fixed ring 1 26 are both inclined surfaces, and the fixed ring 3 29 and the fixed ring 1 26 are both arranged on the side close to the movable ring 28. The through groove 30 is arranged in two sections, which are respectively a cylindrical section and a square section. A connecting rod 31 is slidably connected in the cylindrical section of the through groove 30, and a limit ring 32 is fixedly arranged at the end of the connecting rod 31 close to the fixed ring 27, and one end of the connecting rod 31 away from the limit ring 32 is fixedly connected to a clamping block 33. The side of the clamping block 33 close to the fixed ring 3 29 is arranged as an inclined surface, and the outer surface of the clamping block 33 slides in the square section of the through groove 30, and an elastic member 2 34 is sleeved between the clamping block 33 and the bottom of the through groove 30 through the connecting rod 31.

[0037] When the stopper 20 descends synchronously with the fixed block 13, it will gradually approach and fit the connecting piece 23. During the continuous downward pressure, the elastic piece 1 24 is gradually compressed by the extrusion force under the restriction of the limit ring 22. At the same time, the inclined surface of the block 33 is squeezed by the fixed ring 1 26, and the elastic piece 2 34 is squeezed and gradually compressed by the connection rod 31 retracted into the through groove 30. When the downward pressure is continued, the block 33 will gradually move away from the outer surface of the fixed ring 1 26 until it completely loses the restriction of the fixed ring 1 26. At this time, the pressure of the elastic piece 2 34 is released, prompting the block 33 to pop out from the through groove 30 and lock the short smoke hood 6 on the fixed ring 1 26, ensuring the tight closure between the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1, effectively preventing the smoke, exhaust gas and heat generated during the smelting process from overflowing from the gap. This not only helps to protect the environment and reduce pollution, but also improves the thermal efficiency in the furnace and reduces energy consumption. The tightly closed low smoke hood 6 can reduce the air flow in the furnace, thereby reducing the boiling phenomenon of molten steel caused by air convection; when the smelting is completed, the fixed column 12 of the rotating platform 11 drops a certain height again, at this time, the block 33 gradually approaches and slides on the inclined surface of the movable circle 28 under the limiting effect of the fixed ring three 29, prompting the connecting rod 31 to drive the block 33 to retract into the through groove 30 again, and the elastic member 2 34 is compressed again. When the fixed column 12 continues to descend, the block 33 will lose the limitation of the top inclined surface of the movable circle 28, and the deformation of the elastic member 2 34 prompts the block 33 to pop out and prompt the block 33 to be located between the movable circle 28 and the fixed circle three 29. At this time, the fixed column 12 rises under the action of the driving system, and the block 33 drives the movable circle 28 to slide on the outer surface of the furnace body 1 until the block 33 is separated from the fixed circle one 26, and the locking mechanism 25 is unlocked. The locking and unlocking are achieved through the mechanical structure, ensuring the stability and safety of the low smoke hood 6 during the smelting process. At the same time, the unlocking process requires multiple steps and conditions to be met simultaneously, reducing the risk of misoperation.

[0038] Through all the above embodiments, the working principle of the present invention is as follows: In the initial state, the short smoke hood 6 is located above the furnace body 1. After starting the driving cylinder 21, the output shaft of the driving cylinder 21 drives the short smoke hood 6 to move toward the opening of the furnace body 1 through the connecting piece 23 until the short smoke hood 6 is located directly above the furnace body 1 and initially fits with the opening of the furnace body 1, and the axis of the furnace body 1 is coaxial with the axis of the short smoke hood 6. At this time, the furnace body 1 and the short smoke hood 6 are initially closed. At this time, the external drive motor of the ball screw 16 is started again, wherein the program of the external drive motor is set to rotate clockwise until the electrode 18 extends into the molten steel of the furnace body 1 and rotate counterclockwise until the electrode 18 is separated from the molten steel as a working cycle, and reciprocate in this way. By accurately controlling the degree and time of the electrode 18 penetrating into the molten steel, the large boiling phenomenon of the molten steel caused by improper operation of the electrode 18 can be effectively prevented. This helps to maintain the stable state of the molten steel and improve the smelting quality. According to the change of the liquid level of the molten steel, the extension length of the electrode 18 can be flexibly adjusted. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to the smelting needs under different liquid level conditions and ensure that the electrode 18 always works within the appropriate depth range; When the stopper 20 descends synchronously with the fixed block 13, it will gradually approach and fit the connecting piece 23. During the continuous downward pressure, the elastic piece 1 24 is gradually compressed by the extrusion force under the restriction of the limit ring 22. At the same time, the inclined surface of the block 33 is squeezed by the fixed ring 1 26, and the elastic piece 2 34 is squeezed and gradually compressed by the connection rod 31 retracted into the through groove 30. When the downward pressure is continued, the block 33 will gradually move away from the outer surface of the fixed ring 1 26 until it completely loses the restriction of the fixed ring 1 26. At this time, the pressure of the elastic piece 2 34 is released, prompting the block 33 to pop out from the through groove 30 and lock the short smoke hood 6 on the fixed ring 1 26, ensuring the tight closure between the short smoke hood 6 and the furnace body 1, effectively preventing the smoke, exhaust gas and heat generated during the smelting process from overflowing from the gap. This not only helps to protect the environment and reduce pollution, but also improves the thermal efficiency in the furnace and reduces energy consumption. The tightly closed low smoke hood 6 can reduce the air flow in the furnace, thereby reducing the boiling phenomenon of molten steel caused by air convection; when the smelting is completed, the fixed column 12 of the rotating platform 11 drops a certain height again, at this time, the block 33 gradually approaches and slides on the inclined surface of the movable circle 28 under the limiting effect of the fixed ring three 29, prompting the connecting rod 31 to drive the block 33 to retract into the through groove 30 again, and the elastic member 2 34 is compressed again. When the fixed column 12 continues to descend, the block 33 will lose the limitation of the top inclined surface of the movable circle 28, and the deformation of the elastic member 2 34 prompts the block 33 to pop out and prompt the block 33 to be located between the movable circle 28 and the fixed circle three 29. At this time, the fixed column 12 rises under the action of the driving system, and the block 33 drives the movable circle 28 to slide on the outer surface of the furnace body 1 until the block 33 is separated from the fixed circle one 26, and the locking mechanism 25 is unlocked. The locking and unlocking are achieved through the mechanical structure, ensuring the stability and safety of the low smoke hood 6 during the smelting process.

[0039] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary, and within the spirit of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the present invention as above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0040] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric arc furnace for producing low-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange, comprising a furnace body (1), characterized in that: An operating platform (2) is arranged around the furnace body (1); the furnace body (1) is installed on the operating platform (2) via a furnace tilting device; a low smoke hood (6) is installed on the furnace body (1); and a heat exchange system (4) is arranged on the operating platform (2) on one side of the furnace body (1); The operating platform (2) is provided with an anti-boiling mechanism (10), the anti-boiling mechanism (10) comprising a fixed frame (14) arranged above the furnace body (1), a movable block (17) movably connected inside the fixed frame (14), a plurality of electrodes (18) fixedly arranged on the movable block (17), and a synchronously moving linkage component (19) being provided on the anti-boiling mechanism (10); A locking mechanism (25) is provided at the opening of the furnace body (1) and on the low smoke hood (6), the locking mechanism (25) comprising a fixing ring 1 (26) fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body (1) and a fixing ring 2 (27) fixedly arranged below the low smoke hood (6), a through groove (30) penetrating through the fixing ring 2 (27), the through grooves (30) being arranged in a circle with the center of the low smoke hood (6) as the origin, and a clamping block (33) which is slidably arranged in the through groove (30) and is mutually engaged and locked with the fixing ring 1 (26).

2. The electric arc furnace for producing low-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is provided with a furnace door (3) that moves up and down, the furnace tilting device at the bottom of the furnace body (1) comprises a bracket arranged at the bottom of the furnace body (1) and a furnace tilting cylinder (5) arranged at the bottom of the furnace body (1), the low smoke hood (6) is provided with a plurality of insertion holes (7) that are mutually compatible with the electrodes (18), a short net system (8) is provided on one side of the operating platform (2), and a smoke exhaust pipe (9) is penetrated and connected to the low smoke hood (6).

3. The electric arc furnace for producing low-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-boiling mechanism (10) further comprises a rotating platform (11) rotatably arranged on the operating platform (2), the rotating platform (11) being externally connected to an external drive, a fixed column (12) being movably connected to the rotating platform (11), and a fixed block (13) being fixedly arranged on a side wall of the fixed column (12) close to the furnace body (1).

4. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fixing frame (14) is fixedly arranged on one side of the fixing block (13) close to the furnace body (1), and limiting rods (15) are symmetrically fixed in the fixing frame (14). A ball screw (16) is rotatably arranged between the limiting rods (15), and the outer surfaces of the ball screw (16) and the limiting rods are movably connected to the movable block (17), wherein the ball screw (16) and the movable block (17) are threadedly connected.

5. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage assembly (19) on the anti-boiling mechanism (10) comprises a stop block (20) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixed block (13), and the linkage assembly (19) further comprises a driving cylinder (21) arranged in the mounting platform, and a limit ring (22) is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder (21).

6. The electric arc furnace for producing low-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 5, characterized in that: A connecting piece (23) is slidably provided at the end of the outer surface of the output shaft of the driving cylinder (21); the connecting piece (23) is fixedly connected to the short smoke hood (6); and an elastic piece (24) is provided between the connecting piece (23) and the limiting ring (22) via the output shaft sleeve of the driving cylinder (21).

7. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (25) further comprises a movable ring (28) movably sleeved on the furnace body (1), a fixed ring three (29) is also fixedly arranged on the furnace body (1), and the movable ring (28) is located between the fixed ring three (29) and the fixed ring one (26).

8. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two side walls of the movable ring (28) close to the fixed ring three (29) and the fixed ring one (26) are both inclined surfaces, and the sides of the fixed ring three (29) and the fixed ring one (26) close to the movable ring (28) are both arranged as inclined surfaces.

9. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through groove (30) is provided with two sections, which are a cylindrical section and a square section respectively. A connecting rod (31) is slidably connected in the cylindrical section of the through groove (30). A limiting ring (32) is fixedly provided at the end of the connecting rod (31) close to the second fixing ring (27). The end of the connecting rod (31) away from the limiting ring (32) is fixedly connected to a clamping block (33).

10. The electric arc furnace for producing low-micro-carbon ferrochrome alloy by hot exchange according to claim 9, characterized in that: A side of the clamping block (33) close to the fixing ring three (29) is arranged as an inclined surface, and an outer surface of the clamping block (33) slides in the square section of the through groove (30). An elastic member two (34) is sleeved between the clamping block (33) and the groove bottom of the through groove (30) via a connecting rod (31).

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