Ilex plant germination accelerating, sowing and seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention provides a Ilex plant germination accelerating, sowing and seedling raising method, and relates to the technical field of Ilex seedling raising. The Ilex plant germination accelerating, sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps of fruit collection, after-ripening treatment, natural stratification treatment, germination accelerating and soaking, seed germination and sowing seedling stage management. Through optimization measures in the aspects of after-ripening treatment, germination accelerating soaking, natural stratification treatment, sand storage and soil storage composite germination accelerating and germination combined with proper seedling stage management after planting and the like, the germination rate of ilex plant seeds and the growth quality of seedlings are remarkably improved, and meanwhile the method has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and recycling resources. The method is an efficient, economical and environment-friendly seedling raising method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of holly seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for accelerating germination, sowing and cultivating seedlings of holly plants. Background Art

[0002] Holly is an important genus in the Aquifoliaceae family, containing about 400 to 600 species, which are widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions around the world. Its representative characteristics include evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs, hard leaves, and brightly colored berries.

[0003] As an important part of garden greening plants and ecological protection forests, holly plants can prevent wind and stabilize soil, beautify the environment, and provide food and habitat for birds and other animals. The fruits or leaves of some holly plants can be used to extract tea, the wood can be used to make handicrafts, and the fruits also have ornamental value. In addition, some types of holly are rich in flavonoids, which have pharmacological effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0004] Ilex micrococca Maxim. is a large deciduous tree. It is not only an excellent fruit-viewing tree in winter, but also a furniture and construction material. It is not only a good pulp material, but its roots and leaves can also be used as medicine, with the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, reducing swelling and relieving pain. According to field observations, the germination rate of Ilex micrococca Maxim. seeds is low in the natural state, and it is difficult to complete natural regeneration in the natural habitat. It is also rare to see populations distributed in patches in various places.

[0005] Holly (Ilex chinensis Sims) is an evergreen tree that can reach a height of 13m. The bark is gray-black. The current year's twigs are light gray, cylindrical, and have fine edges. The biennial to perennial branches have inconspicuous small lenticels, and the leaf scars are crescent-shaped and convex. Holly seeds germinate slowly in the natural environment, and there is a characteristic of germination every other year or delayed germination.

[0006] Ileficoidea Hemsl. is evergreen all year round. In autumn, the branches are covered with spherical, bright red fruits that can be viewed for two months. It is a fruit-viewing tree with great potential, and is also an important resource of medicinal materials and wood. Ileficoidea Hemsl. does not germinate every other year, but the seeds rarely germinate in the first year, and mainly germinate in the second year.

[0007] Ilex Centrochinensis SYHu is an evergreen tree of the genus Ilex of the Aquifoliaceae family, also known as the Chinese holly. It is commonly found in mountain broad-leaved forests or forest edges at an altitude of 300 to 800 meters. It has excellent characteristics such as cold resistance, evergreen, strong adaptability, beautiful shape, bright fruit color, and high ornamental value. It is a landscape tree species with great development and utilization prospects. However, in terms of production, Ilex Centrochinensis has serious problems such as insufficient seedling sources and high prices. It is very difficult to raise seedlings from seeds, has the characteristic of germinating every other year, and has a low seed germination rate.

[0008] It can be seen that at present, both common holly varieties and holly varieties with great development prospects have many problems in seed germination. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants. The method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants of the present invention comprises the following steps: fruit collection, after-ripening treatment, natural stratification treatment, germination soaking, seed germination, and sowing seedling management. The present invention significantly improves the germination rate of ilex plant seeds and the growth quality of seedlings through optimization measures in terms of after-ripening treatment, germination soaking, natural stratification treatment, sand storage and soil storage combined with appropriate seedling management after planting, and also has the advantages of environmental protection and resource recycling, and is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly seedling raising method.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of holly plants, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Collect holly fruits in late October;

[0012] S2, washing the collected fruits with clean water and then performing a post-ripening treatment, after which the peel and seeds of the fruits are separated and dried;

[0013] S3, subjecting the dried seeds to natural stratification;

[0014] S4, soaking the seeds after natural stratification for germination and then germination;

[0015] S5. Sow the germinated seeds on the seedbed and carry out appropriate seedling management to complete the germination, sowing and seedling raising of holly plants.

[0016] Preferably, the fruit is subjected to a post-ripening treatment before the seeds are picked.

[0017] Preferably, the germination soaking is performed using a germination soaking treatment solution, the germination soaking treatment solution is composed of water and a water extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the proportion of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues in the germination soaking treatment solution is 20wt.% to 30wt.%.

[0018] Preferably, the germination soaking temperature is 35° C. to 40° C., and the germination soaking time is at least 24 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the germination and germination is a composite germination and germination of sand storage and soil storage, that is, the seeds are first stored in sand, and then the seeds and sand are mixed and put into a container, and the container is covered with a sunshade net and then covered with soil for soil storage.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention performs a post-ripening treatment on the fruit before the seeds are picked, which can improve the maturity of the seeds, enhance the vitality of the seeds, and thus improve the germination rate. The present invention uses a germination soaking treatment liquid containing a water extract of Chinese medicine residues to treat the seeds, further activate the germination ability of the seeds to avoid seed pollution, improve the germination rate and germination speed, and realize the resource utilization of waste. The present invention simulates the seed dormancy process in the natural environment through natural stratification treatment, breaks the dormancy state of the seeds, and improves the germination rate of the seeds and the growth potential of the seedlings. The present invention adopts a sand-storage and soil-storage composite germination germination method to provide a suitable temperature and humidity environment for the seeds to promote the germination of the seeds. The germination sowing and seedling raising method of the present invention significantly improves the germination rate of Ilex seeds and the growth quality of the seedlings, and also has the advantages of environmental protection and resource recycling. It is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly seedling raising method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Collect holly fruits in late October;

[0024] S2, washing the collected fruits with clean water and then performing a post-ripening treatment, after which the peel and seeds of the fruits are separated and dried;

[0025] S3, subjecting the dried seeds to natural stratification;

[0026] S4, soaking the seeds after natural stratification for germination and then germination;

[0027] S5. Sow the germinated seeds on the seedbed and carry out appropriate seedling management to complete the germination, sowing and seedling raising of holly plants.

[0028] The first step of the present invention is fruit collection, and the seeds are preferably collected from healthy mother trees with an age of 20 to 30 years. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the seed collection time is late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature, the drupes change from light red to red, and a small amount of drupes begin to fall off, which is suitable for the germination, sowing and seedling raising of the present invention. When collecting seeds, since the mother trees are relatively high, ladders or aerial work platforms, long-pole tools, climbing equipment, mechanical assistance and other methods can be used to overcome this. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, high-branch shears are used to cut off the fruit ears, and then the fruits are removed and packed into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags for transportation back.

[0029] The second step of the present invention is seed treatment, that is, before the fruit is collected, the picked fruit is preferably ripened in a cool room for at least 20 days until the fruit is softened and easy to separate the seeds.

[0030] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for separating seeds is to crush the fruit and then filter to obtain the seeds, and then wash the seeds to achieve seed separation.

[0031] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the fruit can be soaked in water for 2 to 3 days during the ripening process to further soften and ripen the peel and pulp, thereby facilitating separation.

[0032] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, after the seed separation is completed, the morphological parameters of the seeds are measured, and the seeds that do not meet the indicators are removed. The indicators include the length, width, height, thousand-grain weight and water content of the seeds, wherein the height is the maximum distance between the ventral line and the dorsal line of the seeds. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the seeds for morphological parameter detection are seeds randomly selected by the quartering method, the seed sampling amount is 4×100 seeds, and the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is measured by the hundred-grain method.

[0033] In the present invention, the seeds of Ilex micrococca Maxim. are half-moon-shaped, dark brown, with a length, width and height of 3.40 mm × 3.57 mm × 1.82 mm, a thousand-grain weight of 8 g, and a water content of 49.5 wt.%; the seeds of Ilex chinensis Sims are half-moon-shaped, off-white, with a length, width and height of 5.92 mm × 1.95 mm × 1.81 mm, a thousand-grain weight of 8 g, and a water content of 62.3 wt.%; the seeds of Ilex ficoidea Hemsl. are half-moon-shaped, pale white, with a length, width and height of 3.32 mm × 2.72 mm × 1.95 mm, a thousand-grain weight of 14.8 g, and a water content of 65.2 wt.%; the seeds of Ilex centrochinensis sims are half-moon-shaped, off-white, with a length, width and height of 3.32 mm × 2.72 mm × 1.95 mm, a thousand-grain weight of 14.8 g, and a water content of 65.2 wt.%; SYHu) 58.8wt.%; the above parameter standards fluctuate within the range of 10%.

[0034] The third step of the present invention is natural stratification treatment. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the natural stratification treatment method is as follows: the seeds are mixed with wet sand and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification treatment for 3 months. The volume ratio of the seeds to the wet sand is 1: (1-5), and the water content of the wet sand is 50wt.%. During the natural stratification treatment, the substrate is kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7 days, and the wet sand pile is sprayed with water. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the seeds to the wet sand is 1:3.

[0035] The fourth step of the present invention is germination soaking and seed germination. The germination soaking of the present invention is carried out by germination soaking treatment liquid, and the germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and Chinese medicine residue water extract, the proportion of the Chinese medicine residue water extract in the treatment liquid is 20-30wt.%, the soaking temperature is 35°C-40°C, and the soaking time is not less than 24h. The Chinese medicine residue of the present invention is the residue left after the Chinese medicine is decocted, and the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 30wt.%-50wt.% of astragalus residue, 30wt.%-50wt.% of licorice residue, 10wt.%-20wt.% of sour jujube kernel residue. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 50wt.% of astragalus residue, 40wt.% of licorice residue, 10wt.% of sour jujube kernel residue. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 40wt.% of astragalus residue, 40wt.% of licorice residue, 20wt.% of sour jujube kernel residue. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45 wt.% of astragalus residue, 45 wt.% of liquorice residue, and 10 wt.% of spiny jujube seed residue.

[0036] The Chinese medicine water extract of the present invention contains substances such as astragalus polysaccharide, astragalus saponin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, jujube seed saponin, jujube extract and alkaloids, and the synergistic effect of these substances can improve the germination rate of seeds. In addition, the present invention adopts Chinese medicine residues for extraction, and the content of the effective ingredients in the extract is maintained within a more reasonable concentration range, which can not only realize the resource utilization of waste, but also avoid the adverse effects such as seed death caused by high concentration of effective ingredients. In addition, the present invention can ensure that these plant extracts play the best effect in the process of promoting the germination of wintergreen seeds, avoid adverse reactions, and ensure the full dissolution and reasonable release of effective ingredients, so that seeds can be smoothly germinated under an optimal condition. The present invention especially needs to pay attention to the dosage of jujube seed residues not being too high, because the excessive jujube seed content will affect the content of jujube seed saponin, jujube extract and alkaloids in the Chinese medicine residue water extract, and then play a counter-effect.

[0037] In addition, in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, some commonly used Chinese medicinal materials have a large demand, so the amount of medicinal residues produced is relatively large, including astragalus and licorice used in the present invention. Among them, astragalus is a commonly used Qi-invigorating medicinal material, which is widely used in various Chinese medicine prescriptions, so its medicinal residue production is relatively large; licorice is a commonly used concoction medicine, which is used in almost all Chinese medicine prescriptions, so its medicinal residue production is very large. The present invention comprehensively considers cost and effect, and selects a composition of astragalus, licorice, and Chinese jujube seed medicinal residues to achieve a good seedling raising effect.

[0038] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the aqueous extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the steps of collecting the residues, washing, crushing, aqueous extraction, filtering, concentrating, cooling and storing, specifically:

[0039] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry them in the air and crush them into particles of 0.5-2 mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: (10-15) mL, extract with boiling water for 15-30 min, repeat 2-3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.0-1.12 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage.

[0040] In some other specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the aqueous extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the steps of collecting the residues, washing, crushing, enzymolysis, aqueous extraction, filtering, concentrating, cooling and storing, specifically:

[0041] The medicinal residues are collected and cleaned, dried and crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, enzymatically hydrolyzed with cellulase, mixed with water at a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: (10-15) mL, extracted with boiling water for 15-30 min, repeated 2-3 times, separated from the extract, and then concentrated to a relative density of 1.0-1.12 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cooled to room temperature, and then placed in a clean container for sealed storage; the amount of the cellulase used is 0.05 wt.%-0.2 wt.% of the medicinal residue, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 40°C-60°C, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 3-6 hours.

[0042] The germination and germination in the present invention is a composite germination and germination of sand storage and soil storage, and the specific method is: wash and dry the seeds after soaking, use sand with a humidity of 50wt.% for sand storage for 2 months, then put the mixture of seeds and sand into a ceramic pot, cover the ceramic pot with a sunshade net, put it into a soil pit, cover it with soil for 1 year, and complete the germination and germination; the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: (1-5), the sand storage time is preferably 10-12 months, the depth of the soil pit is (80±5) cm, and the length and width of the soil pit depend on the size of the ceramic pot. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: 3.

[0043] The fifth step of the present invention is germination, sowing and seedling raising, including seedbed land preparation, seedling bed sowing, seedling management, sunshade and moisture retention, appropriate fertilization and seedling cultivation, seedling out of the nursery and other steps, specifically:

[0044] (1) Select sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is free of large stones and grass roots and is fine and flat. Apply 40t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure or biogas slurry fertilizer. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests;

[0045] (2) Arrange the seedbed into a shape with a high middle and low sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 10-12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the seedbed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the seedbed surface with plastic film after spraying. Remove the plastic film and sow seeds 2 days later. Because the seeds of Ilex oleraceus are too small, when the seeds to be planted are Ilex oleraceus seeds, the seedbed surface needs to be slightly flattened with a wooden board.

[0046] (3) The sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and then lift the board to leave a 0.5 cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly spread the treated seeds into the groove and then cover with a thin layer of plant ash. The distance between the sowing grooves is 18 cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4 cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moist, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind blowing; the preferred sowing rate is 24 kg / hm 2 .

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the seeds are first sieved out of the soil before sowing, and then rinsed to remove floating and moldy seeds.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sowing method is row sowing, which is more convenient for managing tillage and weeding.

[0049] In the process of accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings, appropriate seedling management needs to be carried out, and the specific method is as follows:

[0050] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the straw covering them in the evening on a sunny day, set up a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the straw from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying;

[0051] No cultivation or fertilization is required for seedlings before June. Weeding, thinning and reseeding are only required.

[0052] The critical period for seedling cultivation is from June to August. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the loosening of the soil and weeding of the seedlings. The fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase. At this stage, the fertilization and watering of the seedlings should be strengthened. The fertilization and watering strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase depends on the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth needs of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, stop fertilizing and control the water supply. The specific measures should be based on the lignification of the seedlings.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the late growth stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves once every 7 to 15 days to promote lignification of the seedlings.

[0054] To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are described in detail. The raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, all experiments were repeated 3 times. SPSS 21.0 was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple comparison analysis, and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and P < 0.05 indicated significant differences.

[0055] The nursery ground used in the specific implementation manner of the present invention is selected from Xin'an Forestry Station in Qimen County, located at 117°16′ east longitude, 29°52′ north latitude, and about 600m above sea level. Each experimental field is divided into three equal parts as parallel plots.

[0056] Embodiment 1 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of Ilex microcarpa, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0058] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds that are half-moon-shaped, dark brown, with a length, width and height of (3.40±0.34) mm×(3.57±0.35) mm×(1.82±0.18) mm, a thousand-grain weight of (8±0.8) g, and a moisture content of (49.5±4.9) wt.%. The rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0059] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0060] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in 3 times the volume of sand with a humidity of 50wt.% for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered and germinated for 1 year.

[0061] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, the water extract of the Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 45wt.% of astragalus residues, 45wt.% of liquorice residues, and 10wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0062] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0063] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0064] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply 40t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film 2 days later for sowing. Because the seeds of Ilex microcarpa are too small, the bed surface needs to be slightly flattened with wooden boards. The sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and then lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly spread the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between the sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moisturize, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind. The sowing rate is 24kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0065] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase is determined according to the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the water supply is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the later stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of Ilex microcarpa.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The same as Example 1, except that: the preparation method of the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues is as follows:

[0068] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry them in the air and crush them into particles of (1±0.5) mm, add 0.10 wt.% cellulase (11000 U / g), perform enzymolysis at 45°C for 4 h, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain the aqueous extract of the Chinese medicinal residues. After cooling to room temperature, put them into a clean container and seal them for storage.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] Same as Example 1, except that: no water extract of Chinese medicinal residues was used.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] Same as Example 1, except that: the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 35wt.% of astragalus residue, 35wt.% of liquorice residue, and 30wt.% of spiny jujube kernel residue.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] Same as Example 1, except that: the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 47.5wt.% of astragalus residue, 47.5wt.% of liquorice residue, and 5wt.% of spiny jujube kernel residue.

[0075] Comparative Example 4

[0076] Same as Example 1, except that: the germination is soil storage germination, specifically:

[0077] After the natural stratification treatment, the seeds were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination, then washed, dried, mixed with 3 times the volume of sand with a humidity of 50wt.%, and placed in a ceramic pot. The ceramic pot was covered with a sunshade net and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The seeds were covered with soil for germination for 1 year.

[0078] The seed germination rates, average seedling heights, ground diameters, and seedling yields of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were statistically analyzed and calculated, and the results were as follows:

[0079] Table 1 Seed germination rate and average seedling height, ground diameter, and seedling yield statistics of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0080] project Germination rate / % Average seedling height / cm Ground diameter / mm <![CDATA[Seedling output / 10,000 plants / hm 2 > Example 1 84.37±0.35a 62.95±0.95a 7.06±0.05b 37.54±0.54a Example 2 86.54±0.21b 62.15±0.85a 7.17±0.03a 38.46±0.46a Comparative Example 1 63.28±0.47c 62.22±0.78a 7.01±0.08b 21.02±0.58e Comparative Example 2 56.53±0.51e 57.91±0.91c 6.42±0.07d 22.90±0.60d Comparative Example 3 62.43±0.58d 62.64±0.64a 7.11±0.05ab 28.16±0.56b Comparative Example 4 60.75±0.41f 59.80±0.80b 6.64±0.04c 25.15±0.45c

[0081] As shown in Table 1, the use of the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues in the present invention combined with the composite germination and germination method has a very significant effect on improving the germination rate of holly seeds and the growth quality of seedlings. At the same time, the raw material composition of the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues affects the effect. Therefore, when using it, it is necessary to strictly control the raw material composition of the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues to avoid adverse effects.

[0082] Embodiment 3 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of holly, comprising the following steps:

[0083] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0084] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds that are half-moon shaped, off-white, with a length, width and height of (5.92±0.59) mm×(1.95±0.19) mm×(1.81±0.18) mm, a thousand-grain weight of (8±0.8) g, and a moisture content of (62.3±6.2) wt.%. The rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0085] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0086] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 25 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in sand with a humidity of 50wt.% and a volume of 3 times the volume for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered for germination for 1 year, and the germination rate was measured.

[0087] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, the water extract of the Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 45wt.% of astragalus residues, 45wt.% of liquorice residues, and 10wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0088] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0089] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0090] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply 42t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film and sow after 2 days. Sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly sprinkle the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moisturize, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind blowing; sowing rate is 25kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0091] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase depends on the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the water supply is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the late stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of holly seedlings.

[0092] The results showed that the seed germination rate of Example 3 was increased by (32.55±0.56)% compared with that of the method without using the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues.

[0093] Embodiment 4 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of Ilex ficus-leaf, comprising the following steps:

[0094] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0095] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds that are half-moon-shaped, pale white, with a length, width and height of (3.32±0.33) mm×(2.72±0.27) mm×(1.95±0.19) mm, a thousand-grain weight of (14.8±1.4) g, and a moisture content of (65.2±6.5) wt.%. The rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0096] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0097] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in sand with a humidity of 50wt.% and a volume of 3 times the volume for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered for germination for 1 year, and the germination rate was measured.

[0098] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, the water extract of the Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 45wt.% of astragalus residues, 45wt.% of liquorice residues, and 10wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0099] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0100] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0101] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply biogas liquid fertilizer at 38t / hm2 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 10m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film 2 days later for sowing; Sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly sprinkle the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moist, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind blowing; The sowing rate is 22kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0102] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase is determined according to the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the supply of water is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedling growth enters the later stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of holly.

[0103] The results showed that the seed germination rate of Example 4 was increased by (26.19±0.28)% compared with that of the method without using the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues.

[0104] Embodiment 5 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of Ilex sphenanthera, comprising the following steps:

[0105] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0106] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds with a moisture content of (58.8±5.8)wt.%, and the rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0107] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0108] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in sand with a humidity of 50wt.% and a volume of 3 times the volume for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered for germination for 1 year, and the germination rate was measured.

[0109] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, the water extract of the Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 45wt.% of astragalus residues, 45wt.% of liquorice residues, and 10wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0110] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0111] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0112] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply 43t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film 2 days later for sowing; Sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly sprinkle the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moisturize, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind blowing; The sowing rate is 24kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0113] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase depends on the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the water supply is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the late stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of Ilex sphenanthera.

[0114] The results showed that the seed germination rate of Example 5 was increased by (36.08±0.61)% compared with that of the method without using the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues.

[0115] Embodiment 6 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of Ilex microcarpa, comprising the following steps:

[0116] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0117] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds that are half-moon-shaped, dark brown, with a length, width and height of (3.40±0.34) mm×(3.57±0.35) mm×(1.82±0.18) mm, a thousand-grain weight of (8±0.8) g, and a moisture content of (49.5±4.9) wt.%. The rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0118] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0119] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in 3 times the volume of sand with a humidity of 50wt.% for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered and germinated for 1 year.

[0120] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, wherein the water extract of Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, and the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 50wt.% of astragalus residues, 40wt.% of liquorice residues, and 10wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0121] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0122] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0123] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply 40t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film 2 days later for sowing. Because the seeds of Ilex microcarpa are too small, the bed surface needs to be slightly flattened with wooden boards. The sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and then lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly spread the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between the sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moisturize, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind. The sowing rate is 24kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0124] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase is determined according to the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the water supply is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the later stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of Ilex microcarpa.

[0125] The results showed that the seed germination rate of Example 6 was increased by (20.37±0.53)% compared with that of the method without using the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues.

[0126] Embodiment 7 A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of Ilex microcarpa, comprising the following steps:

[0127] S1. In late October, when the seeds are physiologically mature and the drupes change from light red to red and a small number of drupes begin to fall off, use high-branch shears to cut the fruit clusters of healthy mother trees (25±2) years old, then remove the fruits, put them into suitable containers such as snakeskin bags and transport them back;

[0128] S2, ripen the collected fruits in a cool room for 20 days, separate the seeds and pulp after the fruits soften and are easy to separate the seeds, wash the seeds and dry them, and keep the seeds that are half-moon-shaped, dark brown, with a length, width and height of (3.40±0.34) mm×(3.57±0.35) mm×(1.82±0.18) mm, a thousand-grain weight of (8±0.8) g, and a moisture content of (49.5±4.9) wt.%. The rest are unqualified seeds and are not used for subsequent processing;

[0129] S3, the dried seeds were mixed with wet sand with a water content of 50wt.% in a volume ratio of 1:3 and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification for 3 months. During the stratification process, the substrate was kept moist at all times, turned over once every 7d and the wet sand pile was sprayed with water;

[0130] S4. After the seeds were naturally stratified, they were soaked at 40°C for 24 hours for germination. After washing and drying, they were stored in 3 times the volume of sand with a humidity of 50wt.% for 2 months. Then, the mixture of seeds and sand was placed in a ceramic pot, covered with a sunshade net, and placed in a pit with a depth of 80cm±5cm and a length and width of 60cm×60cm. The soil was covered and germinated for 1 year.

[0131] The germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of Chinese medicinal residues, the water extract of the Chinese medicinal residues accounts for 30wt.% of the treatment liquid, the Chinese medicinal residues are the residues left after the Chinese medicinal materials are decocted, and the Chinese medicinal residues are composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 40wt.% of astragalus residues, 40wt.% of liquorice residues, and 20wt.% of spiny jujube seed residues;

[0132] The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue water extract is as follows:

[0133] Collect and wash the medicinal residues, dry the medicinal residues and crush them into a particle size of (1±0.5) mm, mix the medicinal residues with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, extract with boiling water for 25 min, repeat 3 times, separate the medicinal residues and the extract, and then concentrate the extract to a relative density of 1.08 to obtain a Chinese medicinal residue water extract, cool it to room temperature, and then put it into a clean container and seal it for storage;

[0134] S5. Choose sandy loam with convenient transportation, good drainage, sufficient water source, deep and fertile soil and sufficient sunlight as the nursery land. Make sure the soil is fine and flat without large stones and grass roots. Apply 40t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 As base fertilizer, deep plow the soil to 35cm, and spread trichlorfon 25kg / hm2 when necessary. 2 Eliminate underground pests; Arrange the seedbed into a shape with high in the middle and low on both sides. The seedbed is oriented north-south and has a size of 12m×1.2m×30cm. Spray and disinfect the bed surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing. Cover the bed surface with plastic film after spraying. Open the plastic film 2 days later for sowing. Because the seeds of Ilex microcarpa are too small, the bed surface needs to be slightly flattened with wooden boards. The sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing. On the seedbed to be sown, press the bed surface with the side of the wooden board and then lift the board to leave a 0.5cm deep sowing groove on the bed surface. Evenly spread the treated seeds into the groove, and then cover with a thin layer of wood ash. The distance between the sowing grooves is 18cm. After sowing each seedbed, cover it with 4cm thick dry straw in time to keep warm and moisturize, and press the straw with a wooden stick to prevent wind. The sowing rate is 24kg / hm 2 ; Before sowing, sift the seeds from the soil, rinse them clean, remove the floating and moldy seeds, and sow the seeds in strips;

[0135] After the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, lightly remove the covering straw in the evening of a sunny day, build a shade shed to maintain a light transmittance of about 30%, clean up the excess soil in the drainage ditch and the trail, and spray an appropriate amount of 0.2% carbendazim solution to disinfect the bed surface and seedlings; after removing the grass from the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist to prevent the seedlings from drying out and dying; before June, the seedlings do not need to be cultivated or fertilized, only timely weeding, thinning and seedling replacement are required; after the seedlings enter June-August, strengthen the loosening and weeding of the seedlings Grass, the fertilizer and water requirements of the seedlings at this stage increase, and the fertilization and water replenishment of the seedlings are strengthened at this stage. The fertilization and water replenishment strategy is: apply thin biogas slurry fertilizer once every 5 days, and the fertilizer amount is gradually increased from 3% to 12%. The specific increase is determined according to the growth of the seedlings. In case of continuous drought, the nursery can be flooded with water to ensure the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings enter September, fertilization is stopped and the water supply is controlled. The specific measures are based on the lignification of the seedlings. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the seedlings enter the later stage (late August), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7 days to promote the lignification of the seedlings and complete the germination and sowing of Ilex microcarpa.

[0136] The results showed that the seed germination rate of Example 7 was increased by (20.76±0.43)% compared with that of the method without using the aqueous extract of Chinese medicinal residues.

[0137] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect holly fruits in late October; S2, washing the collected fruits with clean water and then performing a post-ripening treatment, after which the peel and seeds of the fruits are separated and dried; S3, subjecting the dried seeds to natural stratification; S4, soaking the seeds after natural stratification for germination and then germination; S5. Sow the germinated seeds on the seedbed and carry out appropriate seedling management to complete the germination, sowing and seedling raising of holly plants.

2. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruits are subjected to after-ripening treatment before the seeds are picked.

3. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: The post-ripening treatment method is as follows: the picked fruits are placed in a cool room for at least 20 days until the fruits are softened.

4. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural stratification treatment method is as follows: the seeds are mixed with wet sand and placed in a cool place indoors for stratification treatment for 3 months. The volume ratio of the seeds to the wet sand is 1:(1-5), and the water content of the wet sand is 50wt.%.

5. The method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination soaking is carried out using a germination soaking treatment liquid, and the germination soaking treatment liquid is composed of water and a water extract of traditional Chinese medicine residues.

6. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine residue accounts for 20wt.% to 30wt.% in the germination soaking treatment solution.

7. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Chinese medicine residue is the residue left after the Chinese medicine is decocted, and the Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30wt.% to 50wt.% of astragalus residue, 30wt.% to 50wt.% of liquorice residue, and 10wt.% to 20wt.% of spinach seed residue.

8. A method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 7, characterized in that: The Chinese medicine residue is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45 wt.% of astragalus residue, 4 wt.% of liquorice residue, and 10-20 wt.% of spiny jujube kernel residue.

9. The method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination soaking temperature is 35° C. to 40° C., and the germination soaking time is at least 24 hours.

10. The method for accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings of ilex plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germination and germination is a composite germination and germination of sand storage and soil storage, that is, the seeds are firstly stored in sand, and then the seeds and sand are mixed and put into a container, and the container is covered with a sunshade net and then covered with soil for soil storage.