Special environment-friendly compound feed for improving body color of pelteobagrus fulvidraco for reservoir net cage and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a special environment-friendly compound feed for improving the body color of pelteobagrus fulvidraco for a reservoir net cage and a preparation method thereof. The invention discloses a special environment-friendly compound feed for improving body color of pelteobagrus fulvidraco for reservoir net cages. Comprising the following preparation raw materials: 28-35 parts of fish meal, 12-16 parts of krill meal, 20-22 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 4-7 parts of fish oil, 8-11 parts of a plant extract, 10-15 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 4-6 parts of algal polysaccharides, 2-3 parts of a mineral premix, 3-5 parts of a vitamin premix, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-0.8 part of probiotics and 3-4 parts of organic acid. The special environment-friendly compound feed for improving the body color of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco for the reservoir net cage not only can meet the nutrition and health requirements of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, but also can improve the culture efficiency and the economic benefit and reduce the environmental pollution, and has important practical value and popularization significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular to an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Yellow catfish is widely distributed in the main water systems of my country. It is a small native economic fish that has been widely farmed in my country in recent years. Under natural conditions, the body color characteristics of yellow catfish are mostly golden, earthy yellow, brownish yellow and other different degrees of yellow. However, in artificial breeding environments, the body color of yellow catfish fed with artificial feed is generally gray and black, which seriously affects its commodity value and consumer market recognition. The problem of yellow catfish body discoloration has now become a focal issue in the feed nutrition industry. Studies have shown that the formation of yellow body color of yellow catfish depends on the content and distribution of pigments such as carotenoids and lutein in the skin, but yellow catfish cannot synthesize carotenoids and lutein by itself, and must rely on absorption and deposition from feed or food. Therefore, under artificial breeding conditions, only by selecting suitable and appropriate pigment sources and providing them to yellow catfish through feed can its normal body color be guaranteed.

[0003] Currently, in the aquaculture industry, yellow catfish is popular in the market because of its delicious meat and high nutritional value. However, under traditional breeding methods, the body color of yellow catfish is easily degraded due to factors such as water quality and feed ingredients, resulting in a decrease in commodity value. Although there are some feed additives on the market designed to improve the body color of fish, most of them contain chemical synthetic pigments or other potentially harmful substances. Long-term use not only increases breeding costs, but may also cause environmental problems. Traditional feed formulas lack nutrients that can specifically adjust the body color of yellow catfish, and over-reliance on artificial pigments causes environmental pollution and food safety hazards. In recent years, with the growth of consumer demand for healthy food and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, the development of feed that can effectively improve the body color of yellow catfish and ensure the health of the ecological environment has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages and a preparation method thereof. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages prepared by the present application can be used to feed yellow catfish, thereby improving the body color of the fish, making the body color bright and natural, improving growth performance, and reducing the feed coefficient. In addition, the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages prepared by the application significantly promotes the growth of yellow catfish, can fully meet the nutritional and health needs of fish, has comprehensive nutrition, increases appetite, regulates the metabolism of fish, enhances the ability to resist stress and disease, and is widely applicable to large-scale breeding of yellow catfish. The present application can regulate the intestinal microbial flora of yellow catfish by adding probiotics to yellow catfish feed, promote intestinal nutrient absorption and improve immunity after yellow catfish ingestion, optimize water quality and promote the growth of yellow catfish; by adding organic acids, the formation of stable complexes between minerals and phytic acid is effectively hindered, and the utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus is improved, so that there is no need to add additional exogenous inorganic phosphorus to the compound feed, the discharge of fecal phosphorus is reduced, the pollution to the environment and the production cost are reduced, and the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes of yellow catfish is improved, and the feed coefficient of yellow catfish is reduced; by adding carotene natural pigment composite powder, the water pollution problem caused by traditional feed is solved, and the goal of improving the body color of yellow catfish is also achieved, and the breeding efficiency and economic benefits are improved; by adding plant extracts, the survival rate of yellow catfish can be significantly improved, and the body color of yellow catfish can be improved by working together with carotene natural pigment composite powder, so that the body color of yellow catfish is bright and natural, the stress resistance is improved and the feed coefficient is reduced.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in a reservoir cage, which adopts the following technical solution: The invention discloses an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 28-35 parts of fish meal, 12-16 parts of krill meal, 20-22 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 4-7 parts of fish oil, 8-11 parts of plant extract, 10-15 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 4-6 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 2-3 parts of mineral premix, 3-5 parts of vitamin premix, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-0.8 parts of probiotics and 3-4 parts of organic acid.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, fish meal, krill meal, soybean meal: these raw materials mainly provide protein and other essential nutrients, and are the main ingredients in feed. Fish meal and krill meal are rich in protein and amino acids, while soybean meal provides plant protein and fiber, which are helpful for the growth and development of yellow catfish and the improvement of immunity. Soybean oil and fish oil: provide essential fatty acids, especially ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, which are essential for the growth and health of yellow catfish. Plant extracts: contain a variety of phytochemicals, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory substances, etc., which can improve the survival rate and immunity of yellow catfish and improve body color. Carotene natural pigment compound powder: provides natural pigments, which helps to improve the body color of yellow catfish and make its body color more vivid and natural. At the same time, this natural pigment has less pollution to water quality. Seaweed polysaccharide: has immunomodulatory effect and can enhance the disease resistance of yellow catfish. Mineral premix and vitamin premix: provide essential minerals and vitamins to ensure the nutritional balance of yellow catfish. Choline chloride: As an energy supplement, it helps to improve the utilization rate of feed. Probiotics: Regulate intestinal microbial flora, promote the absorption of nutrients and the improvement of immunity, and help optimize water quality. Organic acids: Prevent minerals from forming stable complexes with phytic acid, improve the utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus, reduce fecal phosphorus emissions, and reduce environmental pollution and production costs. These components work together to not only provide the various nutrients required for the growth of yellow catfish, but also improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of feed and the water quality environment through specific additives such as probiotics and organic acids, and improve the body color of yellow catfish by adding carotene natural pigment compound powder. This comprehensive feed formula can comprehensively improve the growth performance, health status and breeding benefits of yellow catfish.

[0007] Preferably, the carotene natural pigment composite powder is prepared by mixing carrot powder, pumpkin powder, papaya powder and red bean powder in a mass ratio of 10:7:3:2-5.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the carotene in the carotene natural pigment composite powder is a natural pigment that can be absorbed by fish and converted into pigments to be deposited on the skin and scales of fish, thereby making the body color of the fish more vivid and natural. This natural body color is not only beautiful, but also can improve the market value of fish. Carotene has an antioxidant effect, can remove free radicals in the body, enhance the immunity of fish, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, carotene can also promote intestinal health and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients. The ingredients in the carotene natural pigment composite powder can help regulate the metabolism of fish and promote the improvement of growth performance. This is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of feed and reducing the feed coefficient during breeding. Pigments in traditional feeds may pollute water quality, while carotene natural pigment composite powder can effectively avoid this problem. At the same time, it can also indirectly improve breeding benefits by improving the color of fish. The carotene natural pigment composite powder and plant extracts can work together to significantly improve the survival rate of yellow catfish. The two work together to improve the color of fish, while enhancing stress resistance and reducing feed coefficient. In summary, the addition of carotene natural pigment compound powder in feed can not only improve the body color of yellow catfish and increase its market value, but also enhance immunity, regulate metabolism, improve water quality and enhance breeding benefits. The use of this compound powder reflects the scientific nature of feed formula design and the emphasis on environmental protection.

[0009] Preferably, the plant extract comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-15 parts of curcumin, 7-9 parts of cnidium monnieri, 12-16 parts of sophora flavescens, 18-20 parts of marigold, 10-13 parts of rhubarb, 3-6 parts of notoginseng, and 250-280 parts of water.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the plant extract is to mix curcumin, cnidium monnieri, sophora flavescens, marigold, rhubarb, Panax notoginseng and water according to their weight proportions, boil them for 4-5 hours, and filter out the filtrate to obtain the plant extract.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the Chinese herbal ingredients in the prepared plant extract may have the function of improving the immunity of yellow catfish, thereby improving its survival rate. The plant extract has the function of improving the body color of yellow catfish, making its body color bright and natural. The plant extract has the function of regulating the metabolism of fish, enhancing the ability to resist stress and disease, thereby reducing the feed coefficient.

[0012] Preferably, the mineral premix contains 0.48g NaCl, 0.5g MgSO4·7H2O, 6.9g Na2SO4, 6.75g K2SO4, 5.2g CaCl2·2H2O, 0.9g FeSO4, 1.96g calcium lactate, 1.65g yeast selenium, 0.35g CuSO4·5H2O, 0.3g CoSO4, and the rest is zeolite powder per kilogram.

[0013] Preferably, the vitamin premix is ​​prepared by mixing vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:5-6:2-4:6-8:1-3:7-9:12-15:6-8:1-3:0.6-0.8:3000.

[0014] Preferably, the probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 5:8-10.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid act together on the intestinal microbial environment of yellow catfish, which helps to maintain the balance of intestinal microbial flora. This balance is essential for the absorption of nutrients and the improvement of immunity. Lactobacillus rhamnosus can decompose complex carbohydrates in the intestine and convert them into easily absorbable forms, thereby improving the absorption rate of nutrients in the feed. At the same time, the lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the EM bacterial liquid can also promote the absorption of nutrients. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and probiotics in the EM bacterial liquid can stimulate the immune system of yellow catfish and enhance its disease resistance. The microorganisms in the EM bacterial liquid can decompose organic matter in the water and reduce the production of harmful substances, thereby improving water quality. By improving the absorption rate of nutrients and the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, probiotics can reduce the feed coefficient of yellow catfish and improve the utilization efficiency of feed. In general, the ratio of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in the feed can effectively regulate the intestinal microbial flora, promote the absorption of nutrients, improve immunity, optimize water quality, and reduce the feed coefficient, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and economic benefits of yellow catfish.

[0016] Preferably, the EM bacterial liquid contains complex Bacillus (subtilis spores, licheniformis spores, aquatic Bacillus), lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the effective live bacteria content in the EM bacterial liquid is ≥12 billion CFU / mL.

[0017] Preferably, the organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:5-7.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, firstly, nucleotides and citric acid are both organic acids, and their main role in feed is as acidifiers. Adding organic acids to feed can effectively prevent minerals from forming stable complexes with phytic acid, thereby improving the utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus. This not only reduces pollution to the environment, but also reduces production costs. At the same time, organic acids can also increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, thereby reducing the feed coefficient.

[0019] In the second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in a reservoir cage, using the following technical solution: As a general technical concept, the present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages, comprising the following steps: The components in the formula are mixed uniformly according to the mass fraction to obtain a mixed material, which is dried to a water content of ≤20% to obtain an environmentally friendly compound feed specially used for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages.

[0020] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Improve the body color of yellow catfish: By adding carotene natural pigment compound powder and plant extracts, it not only solves the water pollution problem caused by traditional feed, but also achieves the goal of improving the body color of yellow catfish, making the body color of yellow catfish more vivid and natural.

[0021] 2. Improve growth performance: The feed formula in this application can significantly promote the growth of yellow catfish and improve its growth performance. At the same time, by adding organic acids and probiotics, the utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus is improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, and the breeding efficiency is further improved.

[0022] 3. Enhance immunity: The addition of probiotics helps to regulate the intestinal microbial flora of yellow catfish, promote the absorption of intestinal nutrients, and thus improve immunity.

[0023] 4. Optimize water quality: The use of probiotics can not only improve the immunity of yellow catfish, but also optimize water quality and promote the growth of yellow catfish.

[0024] 5. Reduce environmental pollution: The use of organic acids effectively hinders the formation of stable complexes between minerals and phytic acid, reduces the discharge of fecal phosphorus, and thus reduces pollution to the environment.

[0025] 6. Reduce production costs: The utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus is improved, and the addition of exogenous inorganic phosphorus is reduced, thereby reducing production costs.

[0026] 7. Improve economic benefits: By improving the body color and growth performance of yellow catfish, the breeding efficiency and economic benefits are improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present application. If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used without indicating the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. The EM bacterial solution contains complex Bacillus (subtilis spores, licheniformis spores, aquatic Bacillus), lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The effective live bacteria content in the EM bacterial solution is ≥12 billion CFU / mL, which was purchased from Weihai Gold Medal Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] In the following examples and preparation examples, 1 part means 100 g.

[0029] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of plant extract The plant extract comprises the following raw materials by weight: 13 parts of curcumin, 8 parts of cnidium monnieri, 14 parts of sophora flavescens, 19 parts of marigold, 12 parts of rhubarb, 5 parts of notoginseng, and 270 parts of water. The preparation method of the plant extract is to mix curcumin, cnidium monnieri, sophora flavescens, marigold, rhubarb, notoginseng and water by weight, boil them for 4.5 hours, and filter out the filtrate to obtain the plant extract.

[0030] Example 1 An environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in a reservoir cage comprises the following raw materials by weight: 28 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of krill meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of fish oil, 8 parts of plant extract, 10 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 4 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 2 parts of mineral premix, 3 parts of vitamin premix, 1 part of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of probiotics, and 3 parts of organic acid. The carotene natural pigment composite powder is prepared by mixing carrot powder, pumpkin powder, papaya powder and red bean powder in a weight ratio of 10:7:3:2. The mineral premix contains 0.48g of NaCl, 0.5g of MgSO4·7H2O, 6.9g of Na2SO4, and 3.8g of K2SO4 per kilogram. 6.75g, CaCl2·2H2O5.2g, FeSO40.9g, calcium lactate 1.96g, yeast selenium 1.65g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.35g, CoSO4 0.3g, and the rest are zeolite powder, the vitamin premix is ​​prepared by mixing vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 1:5:2:6:1:7:12:6:1:0.6:3000, the probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 5:8, and the organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:5; The method for preparing the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in the reservoir cage comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are mixed evenly according to the mass fraction to obtain a mixed material, which is dried to a water content of 20% to obtain an environmentally friendly compound feed specially used for reservoir cages to improve the body color of yellow catfish.

[0031] Example 2 An environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in a reservoir cage comprises the following raw materials by weight: 35 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of krill meal, 22 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of soybean oil, 7 parts of fish oil, 11 parts of plant extract, 15 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 6 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 3 parts of mineral premix, 5 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of choline chloride, 0.8 parts of probiotics, and 4 parts of organic acid. The carotene natural pigment composite powder is prepared by mixing carrot powder, pumpkin powder, papaya powder and red bean powder in a weight ratio of 10:7:3:5. The mineral premix contains 0.48g of NaCl, 0.5g of MgSO4·7H2O, 6.9g of Na2SO4, and 4.8g of K2SO4 per kilogram. 6.75g, CaCl2·2H2O5.2g, FeSO40.9g, calcium lactate 1.96g, yeast selenium 1.65g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.35g, CoSO4 0.3g, and the rest are zeolite powder, the vitamin premix is ​​prepared by mixing vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 3:6:4:8:3:9:115:8:3:0.8:3000, the probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 5:10, and the organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:7; The method for preparing the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in the reservoir cage comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are uniformly mixed according to the mass fraction to obtain a mixed material, which is dried to a water content of 19% to obtain an environmentally friendly compound feed specially used for reservoir cages to improve the body color of yellow catfish.

[0032] Example 3 An environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in a reservoir cage comprises the following raw materials by weight: 31 parts of fish meal, 14 parts of krill meal, 21 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of soybean oil, 6 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of plant extract, 13 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 5 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 2.3 parts of mineral premix, 3.5 parts of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.7 parts of probiotics, and 3.4 parts of organic acid. The carotene natural pigment composite powder is prepared by mixing carrot powder, pumpkin powder, papaya powder and red bean powder in a weight ratio of 10:7:3:3. The mineral premix contains 0.48g of NaCl, 0.5g of MgSO4·7H2O, 6.9g of Na2SO4, and 3.4g of K2SO4 per kilogram. 6.75g, CaCl2·2H2O5.2g, FeSO40.9g, calcium lactate 1.96g, yeast selenium 1.65g, CuSO4·5H2O 0.35g, CoSO4 0.3g, and the rest are zeolite powder, the vitamin premix is ​​prepared by mixing vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 2:6:3:7:2:8:13:7:2:0.7:3000, the probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 5:9, and the organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:6; The method for preparing the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in the reservoir cage comprises the following steps: The components in the formula are mixed evenly according to the mass fraction to obtain a mixed material, which is dried to a water content of 20% to obtain an environmentally friendly compound feed specially used for reservoir cages to improve the body color of yellow catfish.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 The same as Example 3, except that an equal amount of chrysanthemum meal powder is used instead of the carotene natural pigment composite powder.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 3, except that: 0 part of plant extract.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 The same as Example 3, except that: the probiotic is Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0036] Comparative Example 4 The same as Example 3, except that: the probiotics are EM bacterial liquid.

[0037] Comparative Example 5 The same as Example 3, except that: the organic acid is a nucleotide.

[0038] Comparative Example 6 The same as Example 3, except that the organic acid is citric acid.

[0039] Performance testing The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish prepared in the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was sampled and tested according to the following method. The daily feeding amount was 4% of the fish body weight.

[0040] The same batch of healthy and equal-weight yellow catfish were selected as samples and divided into 9 groups, 100 in each group, and cultured separately. The culture temperature was controlled within the range of 23-26℃, and new water was added once every 7-10 days, with 15% of water added each time; the water was changed once every 15-20 days, with 30% of water changed each time. Except for the different feeds used in each test group, other growth management methods were exactly the same.

[0041] The experiment lasted for 3 months. The average initial weight and final weight of fish in each experimental group were investigated and recorded, and the average monthly weight gain and survival rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] After catching the fish, 30 yellow catfish were randomly selected from the ponds corresponding to the environmentally friendly compound feeds prepared by Example 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and their skins on the same side of the body were dissected and preserved in liquid nitrogen for the determination of their body pigments. The average value was taken and the body color was recorded. The various indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 1 Growth indicators Table 2 Effects of different environmentally friendly feeds on the content of lutein, carotenoids, melanin and tyrosinase activity in the lateral skin of yellow catfish Analyzing the data in Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that: 1) The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish prepared in Example 1 to Example 3 can improve the body color of the fish, make the body color bright and natural, improve the growth performance, and reduce the feed coefficient. In addition, the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish prepared in the application for reservoir cages significantly promotes the growth of yellow catfish, can fully meet the nutritional and health needs of fish, has comprehensive nutrition, increases appetite, regulates the metabolism of fish, enhances the ability to resist stress and disease, and is widely applicable to large-scale breeding of yellow catfish.

[0044] 2) The performance comparison analysis of the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the carotene in the added carotene natural pigment composite powder is a natural pigment that can be absorbed by fish and converted into pigment deposited on the skin and scales of fish, thereby making the body color of fish more vivid and natural. This natural body color is not only beautiful, but also can improve the market value of fish. Carotene has an antioxidant effect, can remove free radicals in the body, enhance the immunity of fish, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, carotene can also promote intestinal health and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients. In summary, the addition of carotene natural pigment composite powder in feed can not only improve the body color of yellow catfish and improve its market value, but also enhance immunity, regulate metabolism, improve water quality and enhance breeding benefits.

[0045] 3) The performance comparison analysis of the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 shows that the addition of the plant extract prepared in this application, the Chinese herbal ingredients therein may have the function of improving the immunity of yellow catfish, thereby improving its survival rate. The plant extract has the function of improving the body color of yellow catfish, making its body color bright and natural. The plant extract has the function of regulating the metabolism of fish, enhancing the ability to resist stress and disease, and improving growth performance.

[0046] 4) The performance comparison analysis of the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3-4 shows that the probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in a mass ratio of 5:9. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid act together on the intestinal microbial environment of yellow catfish, which helps to maintain the balance of intestinal microbial flora. This balance is crucial for the absorption of nutrients and the improvement of immunity. The joint action of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial liquid in feed can effectively regulate intestinal microbial flora, promote the absorption of nutrients, improve immunity, optimize water quality, and improve growth performance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and economic benefits of yellow catfish.

[0047] 5) The performance comparison analysis of the environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 5-6 shows that the organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:6. The combined effect between them can effectively prevent the formation of stable complexes between minerals and phytic acid, thereby improving the utilization rate of minerals and phosphorus. This not only reduces pollution to the environment, but also reduces production costs. At the same time, it can also increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and improve growth performance.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present application rather than to limit them. Although the above embodiments provide a specific description of the present application, relevant technical personnel should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present application can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and any modifications and equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages, characterized in that: The preparation raw materials include the following by weight: 28-35 parts of fish meal, 12-16 parts of krill meal, 20-22 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 4-7 parts of fish oil, 8-11 parts of plant extract, 10-15 parts of carotene natural pigment composite powder, 4-6 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 2-3 parts of mineral premix, 3-5 parts of vitamin premix, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-0.8 parts of probiotics and 3-4 parts of organic acid.

2. According to claim 1, an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages, characterized in that: The carotene natural pigment composite powder is prepared by mixing carrot powder, pumpkin powder, papaya powder and red bean powder in a mass ratio of 10:7:3:2-5.

3. According to claim 1, an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages, characterized in that: The plant extract comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-15 parts of curcumin, 7-9 parts of cnidium monnieri, 12-16 parts of sophora flavescens, 18-20 parts of marigold, 10-13 parts of rhubarb, 3-6 parts of notoginseng, and 250-280 parts of water.

4. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the plant extract is as follows: according to the mass fractions, curcumin, cnidium monnieri, sophora flavescens, marigold, rhubarb, notoginseng and water are mixed, boiled for 4-5 hours, and the filtrate is filtered to obtain the plant extract.

5. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral premix contains NaCl0.48g, MgSO4•7H2O0.5g, Na2SO4 6.9g, K2SO46.75g, CaCl2•2H2O5.2g, FeSO40.9g, calcium lactate 1.96g, yeast selenium 1.65g, CuSO4•5H2O 0.35g, CoSO40.3g, and the rest is zeolite powder per kilogram.

6. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin premix is ​​prepared by mixing vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:5-6:2-4:6-8:1-3:7-9:12-15:6-8:1-3:0.6-0.8:3000.

7. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probiotics are composed of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and EM bacterial solution in a mass ratio of 5:8-10.

8. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 7, characterized in that: The EM bacterial liquid contains composite Bacillus (subtilis spores, licheniformis spores, aquatic Bacillus), lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the effective live bacteria content in the EM bacterial liquid is ≥12 billion CFU / mL.

9. The environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of yellow catfish specially used in reservoir cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic acid is composed of nucleotides and citric acid in a mass ratio of 3:5-7.

10. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly compound feed for improving the body color of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco specially used in reservoir cages as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The components in the formula are mixed uniformly according to the mass fraction to obtain a mixed material, which is dried to a water content of ≤20% to obtain an environmentally friendly compound feed specially used for improving the body color of yellow catfish in reservoir cages.

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