Thin film metal air battery with three-dimensional structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal-air solid-state batteries, in particular to a thin-film metal-air battery with a three-dimensional structure, a layer of thin-film solid-state electrolyte structure is arranged between a negative electrode material and a breathing electrode, and the breathing electrode and the negative electrode material are folded and form a three-dimensional straight-hole folded plate structure. The three-dimensional straight-hole folded plate structures are uniformly provided with a plurality of Z-shaped through regular ordered holes, so that the weight of the three-dimensional straight-hole folded plate structures can be reduced to realize light weight, the three-dimensional straight-hole folded plate structures are mutually stacked, and the three-dimensional straight-hole folded plate structures are arranged in an air circulation area of the battery; honeycomb holes with high regularity are formed in the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure, and the structure is used in an air circulation area of the air battery, so that the contact surface area of air and an electrode can be greatly increased, which means that more oxygen can be in contact with the electrode at the same time, the supply efficiency of the oxygen is improved, and the reaction of the oxygen and the electrode is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal-air batteries, and in particular to a thin-film metal-air battery with a three-dimensional structure. Background Art

[0002] Air batteries, also known as metal-air batteries, are three-dimensional thin-film metal-air batteries with fast oxygen flow. Air batteries generate electricity by reacting metal with oxygen in the air. A typical example of an air battery is a zinc-air battery or a lithium-air battery. The positive electrode of an air battery does not use materials from traditional batteries, but uses oxygen in the air as an oxidant, and the metal in the battery (such as zinc or lithium) as the negative electrode. Electricity is generated by the reaction of oxygen in the air with metal. This type of battery has a high energy density and is suitable for use in electric vehicles, mobile devices and other fields. Air batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, large energy storage, low cost, safety, pollution-free and easy recycling.

[0003] After searching, the patent number CN110970692A proposes "a three-dimensional thin film metal-air battery and its use method", including a negative electrode chamber, a negative electrode, a positive electrode chamber, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, a positive electrode is embedded on the side wall of the positive electrode chamber, and the positive electrode is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal; a partition is provided between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, a gap is provided between the partition and the bottom of the electrode chamber, a grid plate is provided perpendicular to the partition and located above the bottom of the negative electrode chamber, a negative electrode is provided on the grid plate, and the negative electrode is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal; wherein, the positive electrode chamber is a space with an open top, and an upper cover is provided on the top of the negative electrode chamber. The metal-air battery of this invention uses the principle of "Kipp generator" to make the negative electrode material and the electrolyte contact when the battery is in working state and separate when it is not in working state, thereby effectively solving the shutdown corrosion problem of the metal-air battery, without using a pump to extract the electrolyte from the negative electrode chamber, and without using a protective liquid such as oil to protect the negative electrode, which greatly reduces the cost.

[0004] However, this invention patent has the following problems: due to the low oxygen concentration in the air, oxygen must enter the battery at a higher flow rate to maintain an efficient chemical reaction, which means that the air oxygen supply system needs to be efficient and at the same time cannot increase power consumption or equipment volume too much, otherwise it will offset the energy density advantage of the air battery. This invention cannot achieve rapid circulation of oxygen in the air.

[0005] After searching, the patent number CN116646569B proposes "a three-dimensional thin-film metal air battery with high efficiency aluminum air battery and its use method". The reaction box is provided with a one-way filter component, including a slider slidably installed in the reaction box, two filter racks slidably installed on the slider, and a filter screen rotatably installed on the filter rack. When the slider moves down, the filter screen will not rotate, and when the slider moves up, the filter screen rotates. A scraper is installed on the side of the slider close to the inner wall of the reaction box; a crystal recovery component, including two recovery racks symmetrically arranged on the bottom wall of the reaction box, a sealing plate is rotatably installed on the bottom wall of the scraper, and the movable plate moves down to gradually overlap the through hole and the feed hole. This solution adds a scraper and a filter rack to the reaction box to clean the aluminum plate and the gas collecting plate, and when the filter rack moves up, the upper crystals will be guided to the bottom, and when the filter rack moves down, the crystals will be collected and arranged in the collection box, realizing the simultaneous processing of free crystals and attached crystals, and improving the discharge efficiency of the aluminum battery.

[0006] However, this invention patent has the following problems: the electrolyte and the negative electrode material are generally pure metals or metal composites. The design of the air battery must allow air to flow in while placing the negative electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode material. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sealing structure of the air battery during the design to ensure smooth air circulation without affecting the safety and stability of the battery. The device cannot achieve the sealing requirement; in addition, the air battery needs to inhale oxygen from the outside air, but the air may contain impurities such as water vapor and dust. If these impurities enter the battery, they may cause the internal reactor of the battery to be contaminated, thereby reducing the battery performance. This patent cannot remove impurities such as water vapor and dust in the air. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the background technology and propose a three-dimensional thin film metal air battery.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional thin-film metal air battery, comprising: a breathing electrode, a negative electrode material, and a solid electrolyte, wherein a negative electrode material is sandwiched between every two breathing electrodes, and the breathing electrode and the negative electrode material are folded and form a three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure is evenly provided with a plurality of penetrating honeycomb holes to facilitate reducing the weight of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure and achieving lightweight, and the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structures are stacked on each other.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the breathing electrode and the negative electrode material are used as a battery cell with a three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure. The purpose of the battery cell is equivalent to physically forming a protective layer for the negative electrode material, which can effectively prevent impurities, moisture or other pollutants in the air from directly contacting the negative electrode material, thereby reducing the corrosion risk of the negative electrode and the decline in battery performance. The breathing electrode can allow oxygen to pass through but does not allow impurities to enter, thereby improving the stability of the battery.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the negative electrode material is located in the middle and is protected by the breathing electrodes on both sides, which can avoid sealing failure caused by mechanical stress, improve the sealing effect, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the air battery.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the rigidity of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure helps the battery to maintain integrity and prevent deformation or rupture caused by external pressure or vibration.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the breathing electrode not only allows oxygen to pass through, but also ensures uniform distribution of airflow throughout the honeycomb three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure, thereby optimizing gas management as a whole.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure can greatly increase the surface area of ​​contact between air and electrode, so that more oxygen can contact the electrode at the same time, thereby improving the oxygen supply efficiency and promoting the reaction between oxygen and electrode.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the honeycomb holes help to guide the air flow and enhance the fluidity of the air so that the air can be evenly distributed inside the battery. This orderly structural design can effectively avoid airflow stagnation or dead corners and ensure smooth air flow.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the multiple honeycomb holes arranged throughout the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure can reduce weight while maintaining structural strength.

[0016] The invention proposes a three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. A three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure is set in the air circulation area of ​​the battery. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure is provided with highly regular honeycomb holes. By using this structure in the air circulation area of ​​the air battery, the surface area of ​​the air and electrode contact can be greatly increased, which means that more oxygen can contact the electrode at the same time, thereby improving the oxygen supply efficiency and promoting the reaction between oxygen and the electrode. Since the air battery relies on oxygen to participate in the reaction, increasing the contact area can directly improve the oxygen supply efficiency of the battery.

[0018] 2. The negative electrode material is located in the middle and is protected by the breathing electrodes on both sides. This structure can avoid sealing failure caused by mechanical stress and ensure the long-term stable operation of the battery.

[0019] 3. The negative electrode material is sandwiched between two layers of breathing electrodes, which is equivalent to forming a physical protective layer. This design can effectively prevent impurities, moisture or other pollutants in the air from directly contacting the negative electrode, thereby reducing the corrosion risk of the negative electrode and the degradation of battery performance. The breathing electrode allows oxygen to pass but does not allow impurities to enter, which improves the stability of the air battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the basic repeating unit proposed in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first arrangement proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second arrangement proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third arrangement proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth arrangement proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth arrangement proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure proposed by the present invention when it is stacked;

[0027] Figure 8 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the hexagonal honeycomb cell structure proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 The present invention proposes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure after adding the negative electrode current collector.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Breathing electrode; 2. Negative electrode material; 3. Solid electrolyte; 4. Three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure; 5. Honeycomb hole; 6. Clip composite battery cell material; 7. Positive electrode current collector; 8. Negative electrode current collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The following is an explanation of its embodiments based on the overall structure of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 6-7 As shown, a three-dimensional thin-film metal air battery includes: a breathing electrode 1, a negative electrode material 2, and a solid electrolyte 3. A negative electrode material 2 is sandwiched between every two breathing electrodes 1. The breathing electrode 1 and the negative electrode material 2 are folded and form a three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 is evenly provided with a plurality of penetrating honeycomb holes 5 to facilitate reducing the weight of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 to achieve lightweight. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structures 4 are stacked on each other. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 has a highly regular porous design. By using this structure in the air circulation area of ​​the battery, the surface area of ​​contact between the air and the electrode can be greatly increased, which means that more oxygen in the air can contact the electrode at the same time, thereby improving the oxygen supply efficiency and promoting the reaction between oxygen and the electrode. Since the air battery relies on oxygen to participate in the reaction, increasing the contact area can directly improve the oxygen supply efficiency of the battery. The rigidity of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 helps the battery to remain intact and prevent deformation or rupture caused by external pressure or vibration.

[0034] In addition, the design of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 allows the air to maintain low resistance when flowing through the inside of the battery, thereby achieving the effect of reducing air flow resistance and reducing the energy consumption of the air oxygen supply system. This optimized airflow channel design reduces turbulence and friction in the air passage path, helping the air to pass through the reaction area quickly and efficiently, ensuring the stability and continuity of the oxygen supply.

[0035] In addition, the evenly distributed multiple honeycomb holes 5 help to guide the air flow and enhance the fluidity of the air, so that the air can be evenly distributed inside the battery. This orderly structural design can effectively avoid airflow stagnation or dead corners, ensure smooth air flow, and oxygen can evenly and continuously reach the electrode surface, ensuring the efficient chemical reaction.

[0036] Next, since the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 is designed with multiple uniformly penetrated honeycomb holes 5, it has an excellent strength-to-weight ratio compared to a solid material structure. The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4 with honeycomb holes 5 can reduce weight while maintaining structural strength. Therefore, this structural design not only improves the air oxygen supply efficiency, but also makes the air battery as a whole lighter, which is suitable for weight-sensitive application scenarios, such as portable devices or electric vehicles. When used in electric vehicles, it can reduce the overall weight of the electric vehicle. The air battery has a high energy density and can provide a longer use time for the electric vehicle. The metal material of the air battery is environmentally friendly and recyclable, and the air battery is not prone to explosion or spontaneous combustion and has high safety performance. When using the air battery, it does not need to be charged or periodically maintained, and is very convenient to use. Compared with existing car rechargeable batteries, it has a good user experience. Compared with the lithium batteries used in existing electric vehicles, the air battery has a low manufacturing cost.

[0037] Furthermore, the breathing electrode 1 and the negative electrode material 2 serve as the battery core of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4, and the negative electrode material 2 is sandwiched between two breathing electrodes 1, which is equivalent to physically forming a protective layer for the negative electrode material 2, which can effectively prevent impurities, moisture or other pollutants in the air from directly contacting the negative electrode material 2, thereby reducing the corrosion risk of the negative electrode material 2 and the degradation of the air battery performance. The breathing electrode 1 is equivalent to a filtering structure. The breathing electrode 1 can allow oxygen to pass through and prevent impurities from entering, thereby improving the stability of the battery. The negative electrode material 2 is located in the middle of the structure and is protected by the breathing electrodes 1 on both sides, thereby avoiding sealing failure caused by mechanical stress and improving the sealing, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the air battery. If the air battery uses electrolyte, the sealing of the structure can prevent the risk of electrolyte leakage. Through reasonable material selection and structural design, the breathing electrode 1 allows oxygen to pass through and prevents electrolyte leakage, thereby maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the battery without affecting the reaction efficiency.

[0038] At the same time, the breathing electrode 1 not only allows oxygen to pass through, but also ensures the uniform distribution of airflow in the entire honeycomb three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4, thereby optimizing the gas management as a whole. This design helps to optimize the supply and consumption of oxygen, while avoiding airflow blockage or local overconcentration in the internal area. The negative electrode material 2 is firmly fixed in the middle of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4, which is beneficial to prevent mechanical damage caused by air flow or local overheating of the air battery due to uneven incoming air.

[0039] It is further explained that by designing honeycomb holes 5 on the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure 4, it can help the air battery to improve water management. Specifically, moisture may be generated during the reaction of the air battery. If it is not discharged in time, it will affect the reaction efficiency or even damage the battery. The present invention can effectively help evaporate or discharge the moisture generated during the reaction through the design of the two-layer breathing electrode 1 and the penetrating honeycomb holes 5, thereby reducing the internal humidity and extending the service life of the air battery.

[0040] In addition, from the perspective of hardness, the three-dimensional straight hole folding plate structure 4 is relatively rigid. Since the corrugation has a relative width and has a cushioning property, its cross-sectional size is large, and the edge compressive strength is correspondingly improved. At the same time, the three-dimensional straight hole folding plate structure 4 is stacked on top of each other in more than one number, so there are many supporting points in its plane, forming small structures, and the flat compressive strength will be correspondingly improved. The corrugated composite space can reduce vibration and sound insulation. Due to its strong rigidity, it helps to maintain the integrity of the air battery and prevent deformation or rupture caused by external pressure or vibration.

[0041] It should be noted that the breathing electrode 1 is composed of porous, breathable, conductive materials, such as carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes loaded with high entropy alloys, graphene, activated carbon, porous carbon, conductive metal mesh structures or conductive polymers or their above-mentioned composites, to ensure the gas diffusion performance and conductivity of the battery. The negative electrode material 2 includes any one or a combination of metals Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, metal hydrides, or multi-element transition metal or rare earth element high entropy alloys (such as Li-Al alloys, Li-In alloys) composed of these metals, or composite conductive materials composed of single multi-element metal alloy particles and dispersion media such as carbon materials and polymer matrices, to enhance the reaction activity, electrochemical stability and interface compatibility of the negative electrode. The solid electrolyte 3 is composed of oxides of metal elements contained in the above-mentioned negative electrode material 2, such as Li7La3Zr2O 12 , molecular sieves, sulfides such as LGPS, Li 10 GeP2S 12 , Li2S-P2S5 system glass ceramics, Li3PS4, Li7P3S 11, halides such as Li3ErCl6, Li6PS5Cl, Li3InCl6, Li3YCl6 or polymer ion conductors such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF), polymethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), ionic liquid-doped polymers and their composite ion conductors to provide high ionic conductivity, electrochemical window matching and mechanical stability.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, this part is a basic repeating unit, and the hyper parameters of this part include the longitudinal repetition number n and the thickness d.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is the first arrangement of the structure. The number of longitudinal repetitions in this embodiment is 3. Regardless of the form, it includes a sandwich composite battery material 6, and the middle part of the sandwich composite battery material 6 is the positive electrode collector 7, and the thickness of the positive electrode collector 7 is recorded as d5. The positive electrode collector can be derived from the adhesive, and a layer can be added separately.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is the second arrangement of the structure, and the number of longitudinal repetitions in this embodiment is 3.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is the third arrangement of the structure, and the number of longitudinal repetitions in this embodiment is 3.

[0050] Example 6

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is the fourth arrangement of the structure, and the number of longitudinal repetitions in this embodiment is 3.

[0052] Example 7

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is the fifth arrangement of the structure, and the number of longitudinal repetitions in this embodiment is 5.

[0054] Example 8

[0055] like Fig. 9 As shown, a negative electrode current collector 8 is arranged between the negative electrode materials 2 .

[0056] It should be noted that Figure 2-6 for Figure 7 different arrangements of .

[0057] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery, comprising: A breathing electrode (1), a negative electrode material (2), a solid electrolyte (3), and a sandwich composite battery material (6), characterized in that: a negative electrode material (2) is sandwiched between every two breathing electrodes (1); the breathing electrode (1) and the negative electrode material (2) are folded and form a three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4); the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4) is evenly provided with a plurality of penetrating honeycomb holes (5) to facilitate reducing the weight of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4) to achieve lightweight; the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structures (4) are stacked on each other; the structural unit includes a thickness d and a repetition number n, and the structural unit can be infinitely extended in the x and y directions; the thickness of the basic unit in the z direction is d1, d2, d3, and d4 respectively; a negative electrode collector (8) is arranged between the negative electrode materials (2); the middle part of the sandwich composite battery material 6 is a positive electrode collector (7); the thickness of the positive electrode collector (7) is d5.

2. A three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breathing electrode (1) and the negative electrode material (2) serve as a battery core of a three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4). The purpose of the battery core is equivalent to physically forming a protective layer for the negative electrode material (2), which can effectively prevent impurities, moisture or other pollutants in the air from directly contacting the negative electrode material (2), thereby reducing the corrosion risk of the negative electrode and the degradation of battery performance. The breathing electrode (1) can allow oxygen to pass through but does not allow impurities to enter, thereby improving the stability of the battery.

3. The three-dimensional thin film metal air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative electrode material (2) is located in the middle and is protected by the breathing electrodes (1) on both sides, thereby avoiding sealing failure caused by mechanical stress, improving the sealing effect, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the air battery.

4. The three-dimensional thin film metal air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigidity of the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4) helps the battery to remain intact and prevent deformation or rupture caused by external pressure or vibration.

5. The three-dimensional thin film metal air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breathing electrode (1) not only allows oxygen to pass through, but also ensures uniform distribution of airflow throughout the honeycomb three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4), thereby optimizing gas management as a whole.

6. The three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4) can greatly increase the surface area of ​​contact between air and the electrode, so that more oxygen can contact the electrode at the same time, thereby improving the oxygen supply efficiency and promoting the reaction between oxygen and the electrode.

7. The three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The honeycomb holes (5) help guide the air flow and enhance the fluidity of the air, so that the air can be evenly distributed inside the battery. This orderly structural design can effectively avoid airflow stagnation or the appearance of dead corners, ensuring smooth air flow.

8. The three-dimensional thin-film metal-air battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of honeycomb holes (5) arranged through the three-dimensional straight hole folded plate structure (4) can reduce weight while maintaining structural strength.

Images