Biochar-based heat, fertilizer and water conservation potting device and potting planting method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of pot planting, and particularly discloses a biochar-based heat-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining pot planting device and a pot planting method, the pot planting device comprising a pot body formed by a plurality of pot body units, and a cavity for storing biochar-based suspension fertilizer arranged in the pot body units; each pot body unit is connected with a water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe is connected with a drainage pipe, the middle of the drainage pipe is connected with biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slow-release bacterial fertilizer, and the bottom end of the drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for retaining fertilizer and water. The application takes heat-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining as the target, uses corresponding biochar materials, and cooperates with the pot planting device, so that the technical effects of heat-retaining outside the pot, fertilizer-releasing in the middle and water-storing in the lower part are achieved, favorable water and fertilizer supplement and a growth environment are provided for plant growth, the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in the existing pot planting process are improved, and the application has a wide popularization and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of potted plant cultivation, and in particular to a biochar-based potted plant device and a potted plant cultivation method that can preserve heat, fertilizer, and water. Background Art

[0002] Potted plants, as everyday home decorations, not only have ornamental value but also enhance the indoor environment. The lower temperatures of winter and early spring can cause potted plants to drop leaves, stagnate, or suffer frost damage. Furthermore, uneven fertilization and inappropriate timing can lead to inefficient fertilizer utilization and insufficient nutrient supply, directly impacting the growth of potted plants. Furthermore, water shortages in winter can cause soil to harden and dry, reducing air permeability and moisture content, which can also affect the growth of potted plants.

[0003] In agricultural production, before winter arrives, potted plants are kept warm by covering with grass, bagging, and covering with mulch. Nutrient supply is ensured through spraying and root application of various fertilizers. The soil is regularly changed, and humus and river sand are added to improve air permeability and drainage. The soil is kept moist through judicious watering, avoiding excessive wetness or dryness. However, bagging reduces the air permeability of potted plants, causing leaf moisture and increasing labor costs. Replacing the soil is tedious and may damage the root system. Fertilization can easily lead to over-fertilization, acidifying the soil, and fertilizer is easily lost in the soil, increasing costs and polluting the soil and water environment. Furthermore, potted plants also require a certain amount of medium and trace element fertilizers for growth. Due to the relatively small amount required, slow-release / controlled-release technologies are urgently needed to support the release of these fertilizers. Furthermore, conventional microbial fertilizers used to enhance soil nutrient supply are limited by climate, making it difficult to precisely reach the root zone of potted plants, resulting in limited and unstable fertilizer efficacy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to achieve temperature maintenance, frequent application of thin fertilizers, and slow release of water and fertilizer, so as to improve the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency during potted planting, the present application provides a biochar-based potted plant device and potted plant method that can retain heat, fertilizer and water.

[0005] The present application provides a biochar-based potting device that retains heat, fertilizer, and water, using the following technical solutions:

[0006] A biochar-based potting device capable of heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention, comprising:

[0007] The basin is formed by a plurality of basin units, each of which includes a basin side wall and a basin bottom wall, wherein the basin side wall and the basin bottom wall are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and the cavities are used to store biochar-based suspension fertilizer; the upper edge of the basin side wall is provided with a fertilizer inlet connected to the cavity;

[0008] Multiple water and fertilizer delivery pipes, corresponding one to each of the multiple basin units; the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are vertically arranged, with their top ends open and their bottom ends connected to the cavity on the bottom wall of the basin; the top ends of the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are higher than the surface of the soil in the basin and lower than the fertilizer inlet;

[0009] Multiple drainage pipes correspond one to one with the multiple water and fertilizer delivery pipes. The drainage pipes include a detachably connected upper section and a lower section. Biochar-based fertilizer particles for slow-release fertilizer are connected between the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipes. The top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is connected to one side of the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the bottom of the lower section of the drainage pipe is connected to a biochar cake for retaining fertilizer and water. The drainage pipes are inserted into the soil so that the biochar cakes are located in the middle and lower layers of the soil.

[0010] Furthermore, the basin unit is transparent, so that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb light and store heat.

[0011] Furthermore, a filter screen is provided at the top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of the top end of the upper section of the drainage pipe is in contact with the outer wall of the top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the top end of the upper section of the drainage pipe is lower than the top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0013] This application addresses the problems of poor winter insulation, poor soil properties, and rapid loss of fertilizer and water in existing potted planting processes. It provides a method that combines biochar-based soil insulation, fertilizer, and water conservation inputs with improved potted plant structures. Through external insulation of biochar-based suspended fertilizers, soil improvement and quality improvement with biochar-based inputs, and slow release of biochar-based water and fertilizer, the overall technical solution comprehensively meets the soil insulation, water conservation, and fertilizer conservation needs of plants as well as the needs of plants for temperature, fertilizer, and water.

[0014] Specifically, biochar-based suspended fertilizer is injected into the cavity of the pot unit to form an insulation layer around the soil. Utilizing the properties of biochar absorbing light and heat and the large specific heat capacity of water, the insulation layer absorbs and stores heat during the day when there is sunlight, and releases heat at night when the temperature is low, maintaining the temperature of the potted soil and achieving the purpose of winter insulation. This provides a good temperature environment for the biochemical reactions of beneficial bacteria in the soil and for plant growth. Biochar in a suspended liquid state is conducive to uniform heating of the insulation layer. At the same time, the pot unit serves as a container for temporarily storing water and fertilizer, which helps reduce the volatilization of water and fertilizer compared to directly releasing water and fertilizer into the potted soil.

[0015] A U-shaped tube structure is formed by the water and fertilizer delivery pipe and the basin unit. When the liquid level in the cavity of the basin unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the water and fertilizer liquid overflows, and the biochar is trapped in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe by the filter. Most of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, and a small amount of overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe and directly reaches the middle and lower layers of the soil, reducing the volatilization and loss of water and fertilizer.

[0016] Within the drainage tube, liquid fertilizer flows through the biochar-based fertilizer granules, moistening the granules and inducing dissolution and release of the fertilizer. This results in a slow release of the fertilizer, effectively replenishing water and fertilizer levels in the middle and lower soil layers and accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter. The biochar and liquid fertilizer contain essential nutrients for bacterial growth, helping to expand the bacterial population, increase soil organic matter decomposition, and provide nutrients for plants. The biochar carrier not only protects the inoculum from the unstable soil pH, temperature, and humidity, but also slows its growth and reproduction cycle, enhancing its effectiveness. As it promotes the decomposition of organic matter, the inoculum releases heat, further conserving heat.

[0017] At the bottom of the drainage tube, water and some fertilizer are absorbed and fixed by the biochar cake, further conserving fertilizer and water at the bottom of the soil. Furthermore, when there is ample water or rain, the biochar-based fertilizer granules and biochar cake are slowly soaked and retain water, preventing excessive waterlogging in the pot. When the soil moisture content decreases, the biochar slowly releases water, preventing excessive drought and maintaining an appropriate humidity at the bottom of the soil, promoting plant root absorption and development, and downward growth and fixation.

[0018] The potting device can be used flexibly according to the plant's growth cycle. For example, in the early stages of plant growth, fertilizer can be applied directly to the middle and upper layers of the soil in the potting device. As the plant continues to grow, its root system becomes increasingly dense, making topdressing the root zone more difficult. With the potting device, fertilizer and water can be applied directly to the middle and lower layers of the potting soil, better meeting the plant's growth needs.

[0019] Furthermore, the number of the basin units is 4-6, and the types of biochar-based suspension fertilizers stored in the cavities of the basin units are the same or different.

[0020] Taking into account the diversity of fertilizers applied during plant growth, by setting up multiple basin units, different types of fertilizers can be added separately, avoiding the deterioration or reaction of fertilizers caused by long-term storage after mixing (for example, mixing ammonium nitrogen fertilizers with alkaline fertilizers may cause ammonia volatilization, reducing the effectiveness of nitrogen; mixing ammonium nitrate with organic fertilizers may cause explosion risks; mixing urea with superphosphate may cause precipitation of crystalline water, affecting the physical properties of the fertilizers, etc.).

[0021] Furthermore, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles are provided with a through hole for inserting a drainage tube, the upper and lower sections of the drainage tube are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, and a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube for water and fertilizer to flow out.

[0022] By setting through holes in the biochar-based fertilizer particles, the upper and lower sections of the drainage tube are easily connected to the biochar-based fertilizer particles; a gap is set at the joint between the upper and lower sections of the drainage tube, so that a part of the water and fertilizer in the drainage tube can penetrate into the biochar-based fertilizer particles through the gap to achieve slow release of the fertilizer, and the other part of the water and fertilizer continues to flow along the drainage tube to the biochar cake.

[0023] Furthermore, the drainage tube is arranged at an angle, and its inclination direction is from top to bottom and opens outward from the center of the basin body.

[0024] This allows water and fertilizer to flow through the drainage tube to the edge of the soil at the bottom of the pot, guiding the plant roots to grow downward and extend outward at the same time.

[0025] The present application also provides a biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention, using the above-mentioned biochar-based potted planting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0026] Material preparation, including the preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules and biochar cakes, is as follows:

[0027] Mixing biomass organic fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer; mixing quick-acting fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer; mixing medium and trace element fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension medium and trace element fertilizer; mixing biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer or biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer with biochar-based suspension medium and trace element fertilizer to obtain biochar-based suspension fertilizer;

[0028] Preferably, in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the mass ratio of biochar to corresponding fertilizer is 1:19;

[0029] Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer or the biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer to the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension is (7-9): (1-3).

[0030] The biochar is mixed with the bacterial liquid and then dried and granulated to obtain biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules.

[0031] The biochar is granulated to obtain biochar cake.

[0032] Preferably, the amount of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granules and biochar cake added to the pot body accounts for 1% to 2% of the total weight of the soil in the pot body.

[0033] Potting device installation and plant planting:

[0034] Multiple pot units are enclosed and fixed to form a pot body, and the water and fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot body; soil is filled in the middle and lower part of the pot body, and the biochar cake and the lower section of the drainage pipe are connected and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot body, and the biochar-based fertilizer particles and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected in sequence to the lower section of the drainage pipe, and then the plant seedlings are transplanted.

[0035] Plant cultivation:

[0036] Inject biochar-based suspension fertilizer into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspension fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, which is released in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm.

[0037] When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the basin unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, part of the water and fertilizer enters the soil, and the other part enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release the bacterial agent under the action of the dissolution of water and fertilizer, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cake, retaining water and fertilizer in the lower layer of the soil.

[0038] Furthermore, the potting device installation step also includes: installing a filter screen at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; when the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar is intercepted by the filter screen in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0039] Furthermore, the biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir, the biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice husks, and the biochar in the biochar cake is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.

[0040] The biochar used in biochar-based suspension fertilizers is made from Chinese fir wood, pyrolyzed at 700-900°C for 0.5-2 hours. Chinese fir wood has a high lignin content, which is more easily converted into a stable carbon structure during pyrolysis, contributing to the formation of high-density biochar and a favorable suspension state.

[0041] The biochar used in biochar-based fertilizers is made from rice husks, pyrolyzed at a temperature of 350-400°C for 1-3 hours. The long, slow, low-temperature pyrolysis process promotes the formation of a macroporous biochar structure, which facilitates the adsorption and storage of water, nutrients, and bacterial inoculants. Rice husk and straw biomass, naturally high in carbon and nitrogen, is well-suited for biochar production, with organic carbon content reaching 38%-76%. Furthermore, due to the concentration and enrichment of certain nutrients during the pyrolysis process, the biochar contains higher levels of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium than its raw material. These elements serve as nutrients for bacterial growth.

[0042] The biochar in biochar cakes is made from natural wood, pyrolyzed at 625-675°C for 1-2 hours. High-temperature pyrolysis produces biochar with a large specific surface area, small pore size, and strong structural stability. This enhances its ability to absorb and store water, effectively controlling its release rate. Furthermore, wood is generally an excellent water storage and transport medium. Natural wood has a low density and high porosity, making it highly absorbent, resulting in biochar with both water retention and slow water release.

[0043] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0044] 1. No need for other heat sources for insulation: Water with large specific heat capacity and biochar with strong light absorption and heat storage capacity are used as insulation media. The pot body can provide heat for the potted plants while also temporarily storing fertilizer;

[0045] 2. Realize the linkage mechanism of external water replenishment and bacterial agent release: In the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, biochar provides a carrier for the bacterial agent, extending the storage time of the bacterial agent; under the infiltration of water and fertilizer, the bacterial agent is slowly released and dissolved, decomposing soil organic matter, enhancing soil nutrients, and synergistically replenishing water and fertilizer;

[0046] 3. Fixed water and fertilizer: Through the drainage tube and biochar cake, the water is adsorbed and fixed at the bottom of the potting soil, which plays a role in water retention and guides the plant roots to grow downward and fix;

[0047] 4. This application uses corresponding biochar materials in conjunction with the potting device structure to achieve the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release, and lower water storage in the pot, providing more favorable water, fertilizer and environment for plant growth, and improving the existing problems of low temperature, poor soil properties, difficulty in adding water and fertilizer, and difficulty in fixing in the pot planting process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the potted plant device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the pot unit of the potting device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe and drainage pipe of the potting device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure numerals: 1, fertilizer inlet; 2, bottom wall of basin; 3, water and fertilizer delivery pipe; 4, filter screen; 5, side wall of basin; 6, drainage pipe; 7, biochar-based fertilizer granules; 8, biochar cake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This application is described in further detail.

[0053] The present application discloses a biochar-based potting device that can retain heat, fertilizer and water. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The biochar-based heat-insulating, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining potting device method includes a pot body, multiple water and fertilizer delivery pipes 3 and multiple drainage pipes 6.

[0054] Among them, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The basin is composed of multiple basin units. Each unit includes a curved sidewall 5 and a fan-shaped bottom wall 2. Both the sidewall 5 and bottom wall 2 are hollow and interconnected, with the cavities used to store biochar-based suspension fertilizer. A fertilizer inlet 1 is defined at the top edge of the sidewall 5 and communicates with the cavity. To enhance the stability of the basin, the multiple units can be secured with hoops or adhesives.

[0055] In order to promote the light absorption and heat storage of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the basin unit is made of a transparent material, for example, transparent plastic.

[0056] To allow for separate addition of different types of fertilizers, the potting unit is configured with 4-6 units, and in this embodiment, the potting unit is configured with 6 units. When using the potting device, different types of fertilizers are added to the cavities of different potting units, which helps prevent the fertilizers from being mixed and stored for a long time, causing them to deteriorate or react and become ineffective.

[0057] In another feasible embodiment, the basin body is a whole, the side walls and bottom walls of the basin body are hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and multiple partitions are arranged in the cavity. The partitions are arranged along the radial direction of the basin body and divide the cavity in the basin body wall into multiple chambers. Different types of fertilizers are added to different chambers, and different fertilizers can also be added separately.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each basin unit is connected to a water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3. This pipe 3 is vertically arranged, with an open top and a bottom connected to the cavity of the basin bottom wall 2. To facilitate the overflow of water and fertilizer from the top of the pipe 3, achieving a controlled "slow release" of water and fertilizer, the top of the pipe 3 is above the soil surface within the basin and below the fertilizer inlet 1. To prevent biochar from overflowing with the water and fertilizer, a filter 4 is installed at the top of the pipe 3 to capture the biochar.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3Each fertilizer and water delivery pipe 3 is connected to one side by a drainage pipe 6. Drainage pipe 6 comprises a detachably connected upper and lower section. Biochar-based fertilizer granules 7 for slow-release fertilizer are connected between the upper and lower sections of drainage pipe 6. The top of the upper section of drainage pipe 6 communicates with one side of the top of fertilizer and water delivery pipe 3. The bottom of the lower section of drainage pipe 6 is connected to a biochar cake 8 for fertilizer and water retention. Drainage pipe 6 is inserted into the soil so that the biochar cake 8 is located in the middle and lower soil layers.

[0060] In this embodiment, the top outer wall of the upper section of the drainage tube 6 is in contact with the top outer wall of the water and fertilizer delivery tube 3, and the top of the upper section of the drainage tube 6 is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery tube 3. When the water and fertilizer overflow from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery tube 3, most of the overflowed water and fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, and a small amount of water and fertilizer liquid enters the drainage tube 6. To ensure that the amount of water and fertilizer entering the drainage tube 6 is not too small, the water and fertilizer delivery tube 3 and the drainage tube 6 can be square tubes, so that the water and fertilizer delivery tube 3 and the drainage tube 6 have sufficient contact area.

[0061] In other feasible embodiments, a pipe can also be connected to the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 and the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 to introduce the water and fertilizer overflowing from one side of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 into the drainage pipe 6.

[0062] In order to facilitate the connection between the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipe 6 and the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7, refer to Figure 3 The biochar-based fertilizer particles 7 are cylindrical and have a through hole along their axial direction for the drainage tube 6 to be inserted. The upper and lower sections of the drainage tube 6 are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7. In order to facilitate the wetting of the biochar-based fertilizer particles 7 by water and fertilizer, a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube 6 for the water and fertilizer to flow out.

[0063] Further, refer to Figure 3 The drainage pipe 6 is arranged at an angle, and its inclination direction is from top to bottom and opens outward from the center of the basin body, thus guiding the plant roots to grow downward and stretch outward at the same time.

[0064] The embodiment of the present application discloses a biochar-based potting device that retains heat, fertilizer, and water. The principle of implementation is as follows: the pot body and the biochar-based suspended fertilizer filled in the cavity within the pot body wall form an insulation layer around the soil. Utilizing the light-absorbing and heat-storage properties of biochar and the large specific heat capacity of water, the insulation layer absorbs and stores heat during daytime sunlight and releases heat at night when temperatures are low, maintaining the temperature of the potted soil. The fertilizer delivery pipe 3 and the pot body unit form a U-shaped tube structure. When the liquid level in the cavity of the pot body unit exceeds the top of the fertilizer delivery pipe 3, the fertilizer overflows from the top of the fertilizer delivery pipe 3. Most of the overflowed fertilizer liquid enters the surface soil, while a small amount of the overflowed fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe 6 and reaches the middle and lower layers of the soil, reducing fertilizer volatilization and loss. The fertilizer liquid entering the drainage pipe 6 wets the biochar-based fertilizer granules 7 when it passes through them, inducing fertilizer dissolution and release. The fertilizer in the drainage pipe 6 further flows to the biochar cake 8 where it is adsorbed and fixed, achieving fertilizer and water conservation at the bottom of the soil. In this way, the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release and lower water storage are achieved in the potted plants.

[0065] Taking kumquat potted plants as an example, the following describes a biochar-based potted planting method that uses the above-mentioned potted plant device to preserve heat, fertilizer, and water.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The present application discloses a biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention, comprising the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Material preparation: including the preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based fertilizer granules and biochar cakes, as follows:

[0069] Step 1.1, preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer: The main body of the fertilizer is a mixture of biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension. It is a winter basic fertilizer for kumquats. The preparation method is as follows:

[0070] Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing Chinese fir at 800°C for 2 hours. Corn stalks, rice straw, and chicken manure were ground and mixed in equal proportions. A composting agent (Bacillus subtilis, 5% of the mixture by mass) was added for high-temperature fermentation (≥70°C) and multiple turnings to fully compost the compost, producing a biomass-based organic fertilizer. The biochar and biomass-based organic fertilizer were mixed in a 1:19 mass ratio, then the mixture was adjusted to an appropriate concentration with water in a 1:9 mass ratio to form a suspension. Finally, the mixture was allowed to settle to remove large, unmixed solid particles, resulting in a biochar-based suspension biomass-based organic fertilizer.

[0071] Biochar was mixed with commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 1:9:3:3:2:2, and then the mixture was adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0072] Finally, the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed at a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0073] Step 1.2, preparation of biochar-based fertilizer particles: pyrolyze rice husk at 350℃ for 2h to obtain biochar, mix 0.5g of Bacillus subtilis powder with 200ml of deionized water to obtain Bacillus subtilis solution, fully mix the biochar and 200ml of Bacillus subtilis solution at a mass ratio of 1:100, stir and adsorb, and then dry at 30℃ to obtain biochar-based Bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, and finally form it into cylindrical particles with a height of 20mm and a radius of 5mm by molding and granulation, and set a through hole with a radius of 2.5mm inside the particles, which are biochar-based fertilizer particles.

[0074] Step 1.3, preparation of biochar cakes: natural wood was pyrolyzed at 625-675°C for 2 h to activate the biochar, which was then formed into round cakes with a height of 5 mm and a radius of 10 mm by molding and granulation.

[0075] Step 2: Installation of potting device and planting of plants:

[0076] Multiple pot units are enclosed and fixed to form a pot body, a water and fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot body, and a filter is installed on the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; soil is filled in the lower part of the pot body, and the biochar cake and the lower section of the drainage pipe are connected and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot body, and the biochar-based fertilizer particles and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected in sequence to the lower section of the drainage pipe, and then kumquat seedlings are transplanted and planted.

[0077] Step 3: Plant cultivation:

[0078] Biochar-based suspended fertilizer is injected into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspended fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, which is released in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm. When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the pot unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the biochar is retained in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe by the filter. Most of the overflowed water and fertilizer enter the soil, and a small part of the overflowed water and fertilizer enters the drainage pipe and reaches the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release bacterial agents under the action of water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, retaining water and fertilizer in the lower layer of the soil.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] The present embodiment discloses a biochar-based potted planting method that retains heat, fertilizer, and water. The difference from Example 1 is that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer used in step 1.1 is mainly composed of a mixture of biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension. It is a special fertilizer (calcium-magnesium fertilizer) for kumquats in summer and autumn. The preparation method is as follows:

[0081] Fir wood was pyrolyzed at 800°C for 2 hours to produce biochar. A commercially available high-nitrogen, high-potassium formula (18-5-22) was used as a quick-acting fertilizer. The biochar and quick-acting fertilizer were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:19. The mixture was then diluted with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, the suspension was allowed to settle to remove large solid particles that had not been fully mixed, resulting in a biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0082] Biochar was mixed with commercially available quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:7:5:4:3, and then water was added to the mixture to adjust it to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0083] Finally, the biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] The present embodiment discloses a biochar-based potted planting method that retains heat, fertilizer, and water. The difference from Example 1 is that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer used in step 1.1 is mainly composed of a mixture of biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension. It is a spring flower bud differentiation fertilizer for kumquats. The preparation method is as follows:

[0086] Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing Chinese fir at 800°C for 2 hours. Corn stalks, rice straw, and chicken manure were ground and mixed in equal proportions. A composting agent (Bacillus subtilis, 5% of the mixture by mass) was added for high-temperature fermentation (≥70°C). The compost was then turned repeatedly to fully compost, producing a biomass-based organic fertilizer. The biochar and biomass-based organic fertilizer were mixed in a 1:19 mass ratio. The mixture was then diluted with water in a 1:9 mass ratio to form a suspension. Finally, the mixture was allowed to settle to remove large, unmixed solid particles, resulting in a biochar-based suspension biomass-based organic fertilizer.

[0087] Biochar was mixed with commercially available borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:8:8:3, and then the mixture was adjusted to an appropriate concentration with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a biochar-based trace element fertilizer.

[0088] Finally, the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 1), the fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 1 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 1.

[0091] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules used in Comparative Example 1 do not contain biochar, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0092] Preparation of suspension fertilizer: The main body of the fertilizer is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in suspension. The preparation method is as follows:

[0093] Corn stalks, rice straw, and chicken manure are ground and mixed in equal proportions. A composting agent (Bacillus subtilis, 5% of the mixture's mass) is added for high-temperature fermentation (≥70°C). The compost is then turned over and turned repeatedly to fully decompose, producing a biomass organic fertilizer. This is then mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, the suspension is allowed to settle to remove any large, unmixed solid particles, resulting in a suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0094] Commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:3:3:2:2, and then the mixture is adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0095] Finally, the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0096] Preparation of bacterial fertilizer granules:

[0097] Bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, deionized water and binder (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, and cylindrical particles with a height of 20 mm and a radius of 5 mm were made by molding and granulation. Through holes with a radius of 2.5 mm were set inside the particles to obtain bacterial fertilizer particles.

[0098] Comparative Example 2

[0099] The difference from Example 2 is that Comparative Example 2 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 2), the fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 2 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 2.

[0100] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules applied in Comparative Example 2 do not contain biochar. The preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer granules is the same as that of Comparative Example 1. The main fertilizer component of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of suspension quick-acting fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the suspension. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0101] A commercially available high-nitrogen and high-potassium formula fertilizer (18-5-22) was selected as a quick-acting fertilizer. It was mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that were not fully mixed were removed by static sedimentation to obtain a suspension quick-acting fertilizer.

[0102] Commercially available quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:5:4:3, and then water is added to the mixture to adjust the concentration to a suitable concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0103] Finally, the suspension quick-acting fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0104] Comparative Example 3

[0105] The difference from Example 3 is that Comparative Example 3 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size are the same as the potting device used in Example 3), the fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 3 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules, the fertilization method is direct application, and the fertilization amount and frequency are consistent with Example 3.

[0106] The suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer granules applied in Comparative Example 3 do not contain biochar. The preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer granules is the same as that of Comparative Example 1. The main fertilizer component of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the suspension. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0107] Corn stalks, rice straw, and chicken manure are ground and mixed in equal proportions. A composting agent (Bacillus subtilis, 5% of the mixture's mass) is added for high-temperature fermentation (≥70°C). The compost is then turned over and turned repeatedly to fully decompose, producing a biomass organic fertilizer. This is then mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to form a suspension. Finally, the suspension is allowed to settle to remove any large, unmixed solid particles, resulting in a suspension biomass organic fertilizer.

[0108] Commercially available borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:8:3, and then the mixture is adjusted with water in a mass ratio of 1:9 to an appropriate concentration to form a suspension. Finally, large solid particles that are not fully mixed are removed by static sedimentation to obtain a medium and trace element fertilizer.

[0109] Finally, the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the suspension are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] The difference from Example 2 is that Comparative Example 4 uses an ordinary potting container (an ordinary flower pot, the shape and size of which are the same as those used in Example 2), and the inoculant is applied by dissolving 0.5 g of Bacillus subtilis powder in 100 ml of water and directly mixing it with the potting soil.

[0112] Index test:

[0113] The kumquat potted plants in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in winter for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0114] Table 1 Physical and chemical indices of soil after 30 days of winter kumquat potting

[0115]

[0116] The kumquat potted plants in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in summer for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0117] Table 2 Some physical and chemical indicators of soil after 30 days of kumquat potting in summer and autumn

[0118]

[0119] The kumquat potted plants in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were cultivated in a room temperature environment in spring for 30 days. After the cultivation, the pH, temperature, trace element content and moisture content of the potted soil were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 3:

[0120] Table 3 Physical and chemical indices of soil after 30 days of potting of spring kumquat

[0121]

[0122] The kumquat potted plants in Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 were cultivated at room temperature for 180 days. A small amount of soil samples were taken on the 10th day and the 180th day (the sampling position was the middle of the potted plants, and multiple points were collected and mixed). A gradient dilution plate count test was performed. The test results of the effective viable bacterial count in the potted soil are shown in Table 4:

[0123] Table 4 Comparison of Bacillus subtilis counts in kumquat potted soil

[0124]

[0125] As can be seen from the results of Tables 1, 2, and 3, the soil pH of the embodiment is higher than that of the corresponding comparative example soil. The main reason is that the alkalinity of the biochar can neutralize the soil acidity and increase the pH value of the soil by exchanging with the hydrogen ions in the soil, meeting the optimal pH of 5.5-6.5 for kumquat. At the same time, the nutrient elements in the biochar itself, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., can also provide nutritional support for the soil, further improving the soil environment. In addition, under the condition of applying fertilizers of equal quality, the comparative example is directly applied, and the embodiment is that the fertilizer is adsorbed and slowly released by the biochar in combination with the potting device structure, which reduces the soil acidification caused by excessive application and accumulation of fertilizers from the source.

[0126] Since the biochar in the outer insulation layer of the soil has the function of absorbing light and storing heat, the soil temperature of the embodiment is significantly higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.

[0127] Trace elements are part of the basic fertilizer for kumquats and need to be supplemented, but the key is "micro". They cannot be excessive when absorbed by plants, nor can they be lost naturally. The embodiment uses the potting device structure to allow water and fertilizer to overflow in a controllable manner, achieving "slow release"; on the other hand, the porosity and large specific surface area of ​​biochar enable it to effectively adsorb and fix nutrients, achieve "slow release" and reduce leaching losses during watering, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer conservation and improving nutrient utilization efficiency. At the same time, the water and fertilizer under drainage promote the proliferation and reproduction of bacterial agents, decompose soil organic matter, and increase soil available nutrients, further making the content of trace elements in the embodiment higher than that of the corresponding control example.

[0128] Furthermore, thanks to the drainage effect of the drainage pipe on water and fertilizer and the water-holding effect of the biochar fertilizer particles and biochar cakes, the water retention of the soil is enhanced, so that the moisture content of the embodiment is significantly higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.

[0129] From the results of Table 4, it can be seen that Example 2 adopts the mode of biochar-based microbial fertilizer granules combined with a potting device to realize slow release of the microbial agent. During the cultivation period, the effective viable cell count remains stable and meets the national standard for agricultural microbial agents. Comparative Example 4 directly mixes the microbial powder with the soil, and the effective viable cell count is significantly reduced at the end of the cultivation period. This shows that the use of the biochar-based microbial fertilizer granules combined with the potting device provided in the present application can significantly prolong the growth and reproduction time of the microbial agent, and the fertilizer effect is more persistent.

[0130] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made in the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention, characterized by: include: The basin is formed by a plurality of basin units, each of which includes a basin side wall and a basin bottom wall, wherein the basin side wall and the basin bottom wall are both hollow and the cavities of the two are connected, and the cavities are used to store biochar-based suspension fertilizer; the upper edge of the basin side wall is provided with a fertilizer inlet connected to the cavity; Multiple water and fertilizer delivery pipes, corresponding one to each of the multiple basin units; the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are vertically arranged, with their top ends open and their bottom ends connected to the cavity on the bottom wall of the basin; the top ends of the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are higher than the surface of the soil in the basin and lower than the fertilizer inlet; Multiple drainage pipes correspond one to one with the multiple water and fertilizer delivery pipes. The drainage pipes include a detachably connected upper section and a lower section. Biochar-based fertilizer particles for slow-release fertilizer are connected between the upper and lower sections of the drainage pipes. The top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is connected to one side of the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the bottom of the lower section of the drainage pipe is connected to a biochar cake for retaining fertilizer and water. The drainage pipes are inserted into the soil so that the biochar cakes are located in the middle and lower layers of the soil.

2. A biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basin unit is transparent, so that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb light and store heat.

3. The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe is provided with a filter screen.

4. The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the basin units is 4-6, and the types of biochar-based suspension fertilizers stored in the cavities of the basin units are the same or different.

5. The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top outer wall of the upper section of the drainage pipe is attached to the top outer wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and the top of the upper section of the drainage pipe is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

6. The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles are provided with a through hole for inserting a drainage tube. The upper and lower sections of the drainage tube are respectively plugged into the two ends of the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, and a gap is left between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube for water and fertilizer to flow out.

7. The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage tube is arranged in an inclined manner, and its inclined direction is from top to bottom and opens outwards from the center of the basin body.

8. A biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water conservation, characterized by: The biochar-based potting device for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: Material preparation: one or more of biomass organic fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer, and medium and trace element fertilizer are mixed with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension fertilizer; the biochar is mixed with bacterial liquid and then dried and granulated to obtain biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles; the biochar is granulated to obtain biochar cakes; Installation of potting device and planting of plants: Multiple potting units are assembled and fixed to form a pot, and the water and fertilizer delivery pipes are connected to the bottom wall of the pot; soil is filled in the middle and lower part of the pot, and the biochar cake is connected to the lower section of the drainage pipe and placed in the soil; soil is continued to be filled in the pot, and the biochar-based fertilizer granules and the upper section of the drainage pipe are connected to the lower section of the drainage pipe in sequence, and then the plant seedlings are transplanted; Plant cultivation: Inject biochar-based suspended fertilizer into the cavity of the pot unit. The biochar-based suspended fertilizer is exposed to sunlight and accumulates heat, which is released in the low temperature environment at night to keep the potted plants warm. When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspended fertilizer injected into the cavity of the pot unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, and part of the water and fertilizer enters the soil, and the other part enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based fertilizer particles and biochar cakes. The biochar-based fertilizer particles release bacterial agents under the action of water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, retaining water and fertilizer in the lower layer of the soil.

9. A biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water conservation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir wood, the biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice husks, and the biochar in the biochar cake is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.

10. The biochar-based potted planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water conservation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The potting device installation step also includes: installing a filter screen at the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe; when the biochar-based suspended fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe, the biochar is intercepted by the filter screen in the water and fertilizer delivery pipe.

Images