Self-checking method for fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell system self-checking method, which comprises operation self-checking in a fuel cell operation process, and the operation self-checking comprises operation self-checking of an air pressure sensor group and an air supply equipment group. The operation self-inspection of the air pressure sensor group and the air supply equipment group comprises the following steps: respectively determining the current expected measured value of each air pressure sensor according to the current rotating speed feedback value of the air compressor; comparing the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value, and judging whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal or not; if the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is not abnormal, the operation self-inspection of the air pressure sensor group and the operation self-inspection of the air supply equipment group pass; and if the air pressure sensors with abnormal current measured values exist in the air pressure sensors, fault judgment is performed on the air pressure sensor group and the air supply equipment group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell system self-checking method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the application scenarios of fuel cell systems have become more and more extensive, and fuel cell systems have become more and more complex, which has caused fuel cell systems to often fail due to various problems during use. Generally, when a fuel cell system is turned on, it will perform a separate self-check on the static parameters of each component, and during operation, it will also monitor the dynamic parameters of each component in real time, and report a fault if an abnormality is found.

[0003] The existing fuel cell system self-checking technology basically performs self-checking on each component separately, but the fuel cell system is an organic whole, and the components are interconnected and coupled. Therefore, the faults detected by the existing self-checking technology can sometimes effectively reflect the problems existing in the system, but sometimes the connection and coupling between the components lead to inaccurate reflection of the problems, which in turn causes the user and after-sales maintenance personnel to work in the wrong direction, increasing the fault handling time and workload.

[0004] Therefore, a fuel cell system self-checking method is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system self-checking method, so that the self-checking can more accurately reflect the problems existing in the fuel cell system.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fuel cell system self-checking method, the fuel cell system comprises an air system, a hydrogen system and a fuel cell stack, the air system comprises an air supply equipment group and an air pressure sensor group, the air supply equipment group comprises an air filter, an air flow meter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and an air inlet regulating valve connected in sequence, the air inlet regulating valve is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air pressure sensor group comprises a plurality of air pressure sensors, the plurality of air pressure sensors comprise a first air pressure sensor, a second air pressure sensor, a third air pressure sensor, a fourth air pressure sensor, a fifth air pressure sensor and a sixth air pressure sensor, the first air pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the air filter and the air flow meter, the second air pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the air compressor and the intercooler, the third air pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the intercooler and the humidifier, the fourth air pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the humidifier and the air inlet regulating valve, the fifth air pressure sensor is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the air inlet regulating valve and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the sixth air pressure sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0008] The fuel cell system self-test method includes:

[0009] The fuel cell system performs self-tests during operation, including:

[0010] Perform the air pressure sensor group operation self-test and the air supply equipment group operation self-test. The air pressure sensor group operation self-test and the air supply equipment group operation self-test include:

[0011] Determine the current expected measurement value of each air pressure sensor according to the current speed feedback value of the air compressor;

[0012] Compare the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal;

[0013] If the current measured values ​​of each air pressure sensor are not abnormal, the air pressure sensor group operation self-test and the air supply equipment group operation self-test are both passed;

[0014] If there is an air pressure sensor with an abnormal current measurement value among the air pressure sensors, a fault judgment of the air pressure sensor group and the air supply equipment group is performed;

[0015] Fault diagnosis of air pressure sensor group and air supply equipment group includes:

[0016] If only one of the air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group has an abnormal current measurement value, it is determined whether the current measurement value of the sixth air pressure sensor is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the sixth air pressure sensor is faulty or the fuel cell stack is faulty; if not, it is determined that all the air pressure sensors with abnormal current measurement values ​​are faulty.

[0017] If the current measurement values ​​of N air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group are abnormal, determine whether the measurement values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor are all abnormal. If so, determine that there is a fault in the air supply equipment group. If not, determine whether the current measurement value of the sixth air pressure sensor is abnormal. If so, determine that there are faults in both the air supply equipment group and the air pressure sensor group. If not, determine that the air supply equipment group is normal and the air pressure sensors with abnormal measurement values ​​are all faulty, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0018] As an improvement of the above technical solution, it is determined whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal, including: respectively determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within a first preset range; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within the first preset range, then the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is determined to be normal; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is not within the first preset range, then the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is determined to be abnormal.

[0019] As an improvement of the above technical solution, if it is determined that the measured values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor are all abnormal, then after determining that the air supply device group has a fault, the method further includes:

[0020] If N is equal to 2, it is determined that the fault in the air supply equipment group is the air inlet regulating valve;

[0021] If N is equal to 3, it is determined that the humidifier is faulty in the air supply equipment group;

[0022] If N is equal to 4, it is determined that the intercooler is the faulty one in the air supply equipment group;

[0023] If N is equal to 5, it is determined that the fault in the air supply equipment group is the air flow meter or the air compressor;

[0024] If N is equal to 6, it is determined that the air filter is faulty in the air supply equipment group.

[0025] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the hydrogen system includes a hydrogen supply equipment group and a hydrogen pressure sensor group, the hydrogen supply equipment group includes a hydrogen switch valve, a hydrogen regulating valve and a hydrogen circulation pump, the outlet of the hydrogen switch valve is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen regulating valve, the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen pressure sensor group includes a plurality of hydrogen pressure sensors, the plurality of hydrogen pressure sensors include a first hydrogen pressure sensor, a second hydrogen pressure sensor and a third hydrogen pressure sensor, the first hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen switch valve and the hydrogen regulating valve, the second hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen regulating valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the third hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen circulation pump;

[0026] Running a self-test also includes:

[0027] Perform a self-test of the hydrogen circulation pump and the hydrogen pressure sensor group. The self-test of the hydrogen circulation pump and the hydrogen pressure sensor group include:

[0028] Determining respectively a current expected rotation speed of the hydrogen circulation pump, a current expected measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor, a current expected measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor, and a current expected measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor according to a current operating current of the fuel cell stack;

[0029] Compare the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump with the current expected speed to determine whether the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump is abnormal. If so, determine that the hydrogen circulation pump is faulty. If not, determine that the hydrogen circulation pump has passed the self-test.

[0030] The current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor. If yes, it is determined that the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty; if not, it is determined that the operation self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor has passed.

[0031] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the fuel cell system also includes a cooling system, the cooling system includes a cooling system equipment group, a coolant pressure sensor group and a coolant temperature sensor group, the cooling system equipment group includes a cooling water pump, a radiator, a PTC (thermistor) and a three-way valve, the outlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack, the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve, the second interface of the three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the radiator, the inlet of the PTC is connected to the third interface of the three-way valve, the outlet is connected to the connecting pipeline between the radiator and the cooling water pump, the coolant temperature sensor group includes a plurality of coolant temperature sensors, the plurality of coolant temperature sensors include a first coolant temperature sensor and a second coolant temperature sensor, the coolant pressure sensor group includes a plurality of coolant pressure sensors, the plurality of coolant pressure sensors include a first coolant pressure sensor and a second coolant pressure sensor, the first coolant temperature sensor and the first coolant pressure sensor are arranged on the connecting pipeline between the cooling water pump and the fuel cell stack, and the second coolant temperature sensor and the second coolant pressure sensor are arranged on the connecting pipeline between the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack and the three-way valve;

[0032] Running a self-test also includes:

[0033] If the air pressure sensor group operation self-test, air supply equipment group operation self-test, hydrogen circulation pump operation self-test and hydrogen pressure sensor group operation self-test are all passed, the cooling system operation self-test is performed. The cooling system operation self-test includes:

[0034] determining a current expected speed of the cooling water pump according to a current operating current of the fuel cell system;

[0035] Compare the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump with the current expected speed to determine whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump is abnormal. If so, determine that the coolant water pump is faulty. If not, determine that the cooling water pump has passed the self-test.

[0036] Determine the current expected measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor according to the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump and the feedback opening of the three-way valve;

[0037] Compare the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal. If yes, determine that the coolant pressure sensor is faulty. If no, determine that the operation self-test of the coolant pressure sensor has passed.

[0038] Determine the current expected temperature rise value of each coolant temperature sensor according to the operating condition of the fuel cell within a first preset time before the current moment;

[0039] The current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor. If so, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor is faulty. If not, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor has passed the self-test.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The fuel cell system self-checking method of the present invention performs an operation self-checking during the operation of the fuel cell system so as to detect the fuel cell system failure in time. When the air pressure sensor group and the air supply device group fail the operation self-checking, the specific location of the failure in the air pressure sensor group and the air supply device group is further analyzed and judged according to the location of the air pressure sensor with abnormal measured value, so that the operation self-checking of the air pressure sensor group and the air supply device group is more accurate, so that the self-checking can more accurately reflect the problems existing in the fuel cell system and improve the efficiency of the maintenance operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the operation self-check of the air pressure sensor group and the operation self-check of the air supply equipment group provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of fault judgment of an air pressure sensor group and an air supply equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure:

[0046] 1. Air system; 11. Air supply equipment group; 111. Air filter; 112. Air flow meter; 113. Air compressor; 114. Intercooler; 115. Humidifier; 116. Air inlet regulating valve; 12. Air pressure sensor group; 121. First air pressure sensor; 122. Second air pressure sensor; 123. Third air pressure sensor; 124. Fourth air pressure sensor; 125. Fifth air pressure sensor; 126. Sixth air pressure sensor; 13. Air temperature sensor group: 131. First air temperature sensor; 132. Second air temperature sensor; 133. Third air temperature sensor; 134. Fourth air temperature sensor; 135. Fifth air temperature sensor; 136. Sixth air temperature sensor; 14. Air exhaust equipment group; 141. Air outlet regulating valve; 142. Muffler; 2. Hydrogen system; 21. Hydrogen supply equipment group; 211 , hydrogen switch valve; 212, hydrogen regulating valve; 213, hydrogen circulation pump; 214, gas-liquid separator; 215, tail exhaust switch valve; 216, hydrogen pressure relief safety valve; 22, hydrogen pressure sensor group; 221, first hydrogen pressure sensor; 222, second hydrogen pressure sensor; 223, third hydrogen pressure sensor; 23, hydrogen temperature sensor; 3, fuel cell stack; 31, air inlet; 32, air outlet; 33, hydrogen inlet; 34, Hydrogen outlet; 35. Coolant inlet; 36. Coolant outlet; 4. Cooling system; 41. Cooling system equipment group; 411. Cooling water pump; 412. Radiator; 413. PTC; 414. Three-way valve; 42. Coolant pressure sensor group; 421. First coolant pressure sensor; 422. Second coolant pressure sensor; 43. Coolant temperature sensor group; 431. First coolant temperature sensor; 432. Second coolant temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0050] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right" and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplified operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0051] This embodiment provides a fuel cell system self-test method for a fuel cell system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system includes an air system 1, a hydrogen system 2 and a fuel cell stack 3, the air system 1 includes an air supply device group 11 and an air pressure sensor group 12, the air supply device group 11 includes an air filter 111, an air flow meter 112, an air compressor 113, an intercooler 114, a humidifier 115 and an air inlet regulating valve 116 connected in sequence, the air inlet regulating valve 116 is connected to the air inlet 31 of the fuel cell stack 3, the air pressure sensor group 12 includes a plurality of air pressure sensors, the plurality of air pressure sensors include a first air pressure sensor 121, a second air pressure sensor 122, a third air pressure sensor 123, a fourth air pressure sensor 124, and a fifth air pressure sensor 125. 5 and a sixth air pressure sensor 126, the first air pressure sensor 121 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the air filter 111 and the air flow meter 112, the second air pressure sensor 122 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the air compressor 113 and the intercooler 114, the third air pressure sensor 123 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the intercooler 114 and the humidifier 115, the fourth air pressure sensor 124 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the humidifier 115 and the air inlet regulating valve 116, the fifth air pressure sensor 125 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the air inlet regulating valve 116 and the air inlet 31 of the fuel cell stack 3, and the sixth air pressure sensor 126 is arranged at the air outlet 32 ​​of the fuel cell stack 3.

[0052] The fuel cell system self-test method includes:

[0053] The fuel cell system performs self-tests during operation, including:

[0054] Perform self-check of the air pressure sensor group 12 and the air supply device group 11, such as Figure 2 As shown, the self-test of the air pressure sensor group 12 and the self-test of the air supply device group 11 include:

[0055] Determine the current expected measurement value of each air pressure sensor according to the current speed feedback value of the air compressor 113;

[0056] Compare the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal;

[0057] If the current measured values ​​of each air pressure sensor are not abnormal, the air pressure sensor group 12 operation self-test and the air supply device group 11 operation self-test are both passed;

[0058] If there is an air pressure sensor with an abnormal current measurement value among the air pressure sensors, a fault determination is performed on the air pressure sensor group 12 and the air supply device group 11;

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the fault judgment of the air pressure sensor group 12 and the air supply equipment group 11 includes:

[0060] If only one of the air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group 12 has an abnormal current measurement value, it is determined whether the current measurement value of the sixth air pressure sensor 126 is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the sixth air pressure sensor 126 is faulty or the fuel cell stack 3 is faulty; if not, it is determined that all the air pressure sensors with abnormal current measurement values ​​are faulty.

[0061] If the current measured values ​​of N air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group 12 are abnormal, it is determined whether the measured values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor 126 are all abnormal. If so, it is determined that there is a fault in the air supply device group 11, and the air supply device group 11 fault is reported. If not, it is determined whether the current measured value of the sixth air pressure sensor 126 is abnormal. If so, it is determined that both the air supply device group 11 and the air pressure sensor group 12 are faulty. If not, it is determined that the air supply device group 11 is normal, and the air pressure sensors with abnormal measured values ​​are all faulty, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. It should be noted that the N adjacent air pressure sensors mentioned in this embodiment are N adjacent air pressure sensors along the flow direction of air in the fuel cell system. The air flow direction mentioned here is the direction of the air filter 111-air flow meter 112-air compressor 113-intercooler 114-humidifier 115-air inlet regulating valve 116-air inlet 31 of the fuel cell stack 3-air outlet 32 ​​of the fuel cell stack 3. For example, two adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor 126 are the fifth air pressure sensor 125 and the sixth air pressure sensor 126, three adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor 126 are the fourth air pressure sensor 124, the fifth air pressure sensor 125 and the sixth air pressure sensor 126, and four adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor 126 are the third air pressure sensor 123, the fourth air pressure sensor 124, the fifth air pressure sensor 125 and the sixth air pressure sensor 126.

[0062] The fuel cell system self-check method provided in this embodiment performs an operation self-check during the operation of the fuel cell system so as to detect in time when a fault occurs in the fuel cell system. When the operation self-check of the air pressure sensor group 12 and the operation self-check of the air supply device group 11 fail, further analysis and judgment are performed on the specific location of the fault in the air pressure sensor group 12 and the air supply device group 11 according to the location of the air pressure sensor with abnormal measured values, so that the operation self-check of the air pressure sensor group 12 and the air supply device group 11 is more accurate, so that the self-check can more accurately reflect the problems existing in the fuel cell system and improve the efficiency of the maintenance operation.

[0063] Specifically, in the present embodiment, determining whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within a first preset range; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within the first preset range, determining that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is normal; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is not within the first preset range, determining that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is abnormal.

[0064] Further, if it is determined that the measured values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor 126 are all abnormal, then it is determined that the air supply device group 11 has a fault and the following steps are further performed:

[0065] If N is equal to 2, it is determined that the faulty air inlet regulating valve 116 is in the air supply device group 11, and a fault of the air inlet regulating valve 116 is reported;

[0066] If N is equal to 3, it is determined that the humidifier 115 is faulty in the air supply device group 11, and a fault of the humidifier 115 is reported;

[0067] If N is equal to 4, it is determined that the intercooler 114 is faulty in the air supply device group 11, and a fault of the intercooler 114 is reported;

[0068] If N is equal to 5, it is determined that the air flow meter 112 or the air compressor 113 is faulty in the air supply device group 11, and a fault of the air flow meter 112 or the air compressor 113 is reported;

[0069] If N is equal to 6, it is determined that the air filter 111 is faulty in the air supply device group 11 .

[0070] Optionally, the hydrogen system 2 includes a hydrogen supply device group 21 and a hydrogen pressure sensor group 22, the hydrogen supply device group 21 includes a hydrogen switch valve 211, a hydrogen regulating valve 212 and a hydrogen circulation pump 213, the outlet of the hydrogen switch valve 211 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen regulating valve 212, the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve 212 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell stack 3, the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 34 of the fuel cell stack 3, the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell stack 3, and the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 It includes multiple hydrogen pressure sensors, including a first hydrogen pressure sensor 221, a second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 and a third hydrogen pressure sensor 223. The first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen switch valve 211 and the hydrogen regulating valve 212, the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen regulating valve 212 and the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell stack 3, and the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen outlet 34 of the fuel cell stack 3 and the hydrogen circulation pump 213.

[0071] Optionally, running a self-test also includes:

[0072] If the air pressure sensor group 12 operation self-test and the air supply device group 11 operation self-test are both passed, the hydrogen circulation pump 213 operation self-test and the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 operation self-test are performed, and the hydrogen circulation pump 213 operation self-test and the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 operation self-test include:

[0073] According to the current operating current of the fuel cell stack 3, the current expected rotation speed of the hydrogen circulation pump 213, the current expected measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221, the current expected measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 and the current expected measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 are respectively determined. In this embodiment, the current operating current of the fuel cell stack 3 refers to the current output current of the fuel cell stack;

[0074] Compare the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 with the current expected speed to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213. If yes, determine that the hydrogen circulation pump 213 is faulty and report the hydrogen circulation pump 213 fault. If no, determine that the hydrogen circulation pump 213 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether there is an abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 includes: determining whether the difference between the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 and the current expected speed is within a second preset range. If yes, determine that there is no abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213. If no, determine that there is an abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump 213. In this embodiment, the current speed feedback value is the speed obtained by measuring the speed using a speed measuring sensor.

[0075] The current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor. If yes, it is determined that the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty; if not, it is determined that the operation self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor has passed.

[0076] In the present embodiment, the current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor is abnormal. If yes, it is determined that the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty. If no, it is determined that the operation self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor has passed, including: comparing the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is abnormal. If yes, it is determined that the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is faulty and reports the fault of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221. If no, it is determined that the operation self-test of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 has passed. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 and the current expected measurement value is within a third preset range. If yes, it is determined that the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is not abnormal. If no, it is determined that the current measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor 221 is abnormal.

[0077] The current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222. If so, it is determined that the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 is faulty and the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 fault is reported. If not, it is determined that the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222 and the current expected measurement value is within a fourth preset range. If so, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222. If not, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor 222.

[0078] Compare the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223. If yes, determine that the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 is faulty and report the fault of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223. If not, determine that the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 has passed the self-test. Determining whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223 and the current expected measurement value is within a fifth preset range. If yes, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223. If not, determine that there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor 223.

[0079] If the operation self-test of each hydrogen pressure sensor passes, it is determined that the operation self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 passes.

[0080] Optionally, the fuel cell system further includes a cooling system 4, the cooling system 4 includes a cooling system equipment group 41, a coolant pressure sensor group 42 and a coolant temperature sensor group 43, the cooling system equipment group 41 includes a cooling water pump 411, a radiator 412, a PTC (heater) 413 and a three-way valve 414, the liquid outlet of the cooling water pump 411 is connected to the coolant inlet 35 of the fuel cell stack 3, the coolant outlet 36 of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve 414, the second interface of the three-way valve 414 is connected to the liquid inlet of the radiator 412, the liquid inlet of the PTC 413 is connected to the third interface of the three-way valve 414, and the PTC The liquid outlet of 413 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the radiator 412 and the cooling water pump 411, the coolant temperature sensor group 43 includes a plurality of coolant temperature sensors, the plurality of coolant temperature sensors include a first coolant temperature sensor 431 and a second coolant temperature sensor 432, the coolant pressure sensor group 42 includes a plurality of coolant pressure sensors, the plurality of coolant pressure sensors include a first coolant pressure sensor 421 and a second coolant pressure sensor 422, the first coolant temperature sensor 431 and the first coolant pressure sensor 421 are arranged on the connecting pipeline between the cooling water pump 411 and the fuel cell stack 3, and the second coolant temperature sensor 432 and the second coolant pressure sensor 422 are arranged on the connecting pipeline between the coolant outlet 36 of the fuel cell stack 3 and the three-way valve 414;

[0081] Optionally, running a self-test also includes:

[0082] If the air pressure sensor group 12 operation self-test, the air supply device group 11 operation self-test, the hydrogen circulation pump 213 operation self-test and the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 operation self-test are all passed, the cooling system 4 operation self-test is performed, and the cooling system 4 operation self-test includes:

[0083] Determine the current expected speed of the cooling water pump 411 according to the current operating current of the fuel cell system;

[0084] Compare the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 with the current expected speed to determine whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is abnormal. If so, determine that the coolant pump is faulty. If not, determine that the cooling water pump 411 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 and the current expected speed is within a sixth preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411. If not, determine that there is an abnormality in the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411.

[0085] Determine the current expected measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor according to the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 and the feedback opening of the three-way valve 414;

[0086] Compare the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal. If yes, determine that the coolant pressure sensor is faulty. If no, determine that the operation self-test of the coolant pressure sensor has passed.

[0087] Determine the current expected temperature rise value of each coolant temperature sensor within the first preset time before the current moment according to the operating condition of the fuel cell within the first preset time before the current moment;

[0088] The current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor. If so, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor is faulty. If not, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor has passed the self-test.

[0089] Optionally, respectively comparing the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal, and if so, determining that the coolant pressure sensor is faulty, and if not, determining that the operation self-test of the coolant pressure sensor has passed, including:

[0090] Compare the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 is abnormal. If so, determine that the first coolant pressure sensor 421 is faulty. If not, determine that the first coolant pressure sensor 421 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 and the current expected measurement value is within a seventh preset range. If so, determine that the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 is not abnormal. If not, determine that the current measurement value of the first coolant pressure sensor 421 is abnormal.

[0091] Compare the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422 with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422 is abnormal. If so, determine that the second coolant pressure sensor 422 is faulty. If not, determine that the second coolant pressure sensor 422 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422 and the current expected measurement value is within an eighth preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422. If not, determine that there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second coolant pressure sensor 422.

[0092] Optionally, respectively comparing the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor is abnormal, and if so, determining that the coolant temperature sensor is faulty, and if not, determining that the coolant temperature sensor has passed the self-test, including:

[0093] Compare the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment with the current expected temperature rise value, and determine whether the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal. If yes, determine that the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is abnormal. If not, determine that the first coolant temperature sensor 431 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment and the current expected temperature rise value is within a ninth preset range. If yes, determine that the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment is not abnormal. If not, determine that the temperature rise value measured by the first coolant temperature sensor 431 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal.

[0094] The temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment is compared with the current expected temperature rise value to determine whether the temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the second coolant temperature sensor 432 is abnormal. If not, it is determined that the second coolant temperature sensor 432 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment and the current expected temperature rise value is within the tenth preset range. If so, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment. If not, it is determined that the temperature rise value measured by the second coolant temperature sensor 432 within the first preset time before the current moment is abnormal.

[0095] If the operation self-tests of the cooling water pump 411 , the coolant pressure sensor group 42 , and the coolant temperature sensor group 43 are all passed, it is determined that the operation self-test of the cooling system 4 has passed.

[0096] Optionally, the air system 1 further includes an air temperature sensor group 13, the air temperature sensor group 13 includes: a first air temperature sensor 131, a second air temperature sensor 132, a third air temperature sensor 133, a fourth air temperature sensor 134, a fifth air temperature sensor 135 and a sixth air temperature sensor 136, the first air temperature sensor 131 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the air filter 111 and the air flow meter 112, the second temperature sensor 132 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the air compressor 113 and the intercooler 114, and the third temperature sensor 133 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the air compressor 113 and the intercooler 114. On the connecting pipeline between the intercooler 114 and the humidifier 115, the fourth air temperature sensor 134 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the humidifier 115 and the air inlet regulating valve 116, the fifth air temperature sensor 135 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the air inlet regulating valve 116 and the air inlet 31 of the fuel cell stack 3, and the sixth air temperature sensor 136 is arranged at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 3; the hydrogen system 2 also includes a hydrogen temperature sensor 23, and the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen regulating valve 212 and the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell stack 3.

[0097] Optionally, running a self-test also includes:

[0098] If the cooling system 4 passes the self-test, the air temperature sensor group 13 and the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 are self-tested;

[0099] The air temperature sensor group 13 runs a self-test including:

[0100] Compare the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 with the current ambient temperature to determine whether the measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 is abnormal. If yes, determine that the first air temperature sensor 131 is faulty. If no, determine that the first air temperature sensor 131 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 and the current expected measurement value is within an eleventh preset range. If yes, determine that the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 is not abnormal. If no, determine that the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor group 131 is abnormal.

[0101] Determine the current expected measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 according to the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 and the current speed feedback value of the air compressor 113;

[0102] Compare the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132. If yes, determine that the second air temperature sensor 132 is faulty. If no, determine that the second air temperature sensor 132 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 and the current expected measurement value is within a twelfth preset range. If yes, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132. If no, determine that there is an abnormality in the current measurement of the second air temperature sensor 132.

[0103] The current measurement values ​​of the third air temperature sensor 133, the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the fifth air temperature sensor 135 are respectively compared with the measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 to determine whether the current measurement values ​​of the third air temperature sensor 133, the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the fifth air temperature sensor 135 are abnormal. If so, it is determined that the temperature sensor with the abnormal current measurement value is faulty. If not, it is determined that the third air temperature sensor 133, the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the fifth air temperature sensor 135 have all passed the self-test. Specifically, it is determined whether the difference between the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor 133 and the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is within the thirteenth preset range, the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the fifth air temperature sensor 135 are within the thirteenth preset range. Whether the difference between the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor 133 and the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is within the fourteenth preset range, whether the difference between the current measurement value of the fifth air temperature sensor 135 and the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is within the fifteenth preset range, if yes, it is judged that there is no abnormality in its current measurement value, if not, it is judged that there is abnormality in its current measurement value, for example, if the difference between the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor 133 and the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is within the thirteenth preset range, it is judged that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor 133, if the difference between the current measurement value of the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 is not within the fourteenth preset range, it is judged that there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the fourth air temperature sensor 134;

[0104] Compare the current measurement value of the sixth air temperature sensor 136 with the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor 432 to determine whether the current measurement value of the sixth air temperature sensor 136 is abnormal. If so, determine that the sixth air temperature sensor 136 is faulty. If not, determine that the sixth air temperature sensor 136 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determine whether the difference between the current measurement value of the sixth temperature sensor and the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor 432 is within a sixteenth preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the sixth temperature sensor. If not, determine that the current measurement value of the sixth temperature sensor is abnormal.

[0105] The self-test of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 includes:

[0106] The current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is compared with the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor 432 to determine whether the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is faulty. If not, it is determined that the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 and the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor 432 is within the seventeenth preset range. If so, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23. If not, it is determined that the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal.

[0107] Optionally, if the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 passes the self-test, it is determined that the self-test passes.

[0108] Optionally, the air system 1 further includes an air exhaust device group 14, which includes an air outlet regulating valve 141 and a muffler 142. The air inlet of the air outlet regulating valve 141 is connected to the air outlet 32 ​​of the fuel cell stack 3, the air outlet of the air outlet regulating valve 141 is connected to the air inlet of the muffler 142 via the humidifier 115, and the air outlet of the muffler 142 is connected to the atmosphere. In this embodiment, the air flow direction of the fuel cell system is: air filter 111-air flow meter 112-air compressor 113-intercooler 114-humidifier 115-air inlet regulating valve 116-air inlet 31 of the fuel cell stack 3-air outlet 32 ​​of the fuel cell stack 3-air outlet regulating valve 141-muffler 142.

[0109] The fuel cell system self-test method also includes:

[0110] When the fuel cell system receives the power-on command, it performs a power-on self-test, which includes a power-on self-test of the air system 1. The power-on self-test of the air system 1 includes: performing a power-on self-test of the air inlet regulating valve 116 and a power-on self-test of the air outlet regulating valve 141. The power-on self-test of the air inlet regulating valve 116 and the power-on self-test of the air outlet regulating valve 141 include:

[0111] Issue a command to open the air inlet regulating valve 116 to a first set opening degree and a command to open the air outlet regulating valve 141 to a second set opening degree;

[0112] Compare the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 with the first set opening, determine whether the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 is abnormal, if yes, determine that the air inlet regulating valve 116 is faulty, if no, determine that the air inlet regulating valve 116 passes the power-on self-test, specifically, determine whether the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 is abnormal includes: determine whether the difference between the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 and the first set opening value is within an eighteenth preset range, if yes, determine that the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 is not abnormal, if no, determine that the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116 is abnormal;

[0113] Compare the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 with the second set opening to determine whether the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 is abnormal. If so, determine that the air outlet regulating valve 141 is faulty. If not, determine that the air outlet regulating valve 141 has passed the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 and the second set opening value is within a nineteenth preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141. If not, determine that the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 is abnormal.

[0114] Optionally, the air system 1 power-on self-test further includes:

[0115] If the power-on self-test of the air inlet regulating valve 116 and the air outlet regulating valve 141 are both passed, the power-on self-test of the air pressure sensor group 12 is performed. The power-on self-test of the air pressure sensor group 12 includes:

[0116] The current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is compared with the air pressure reference value to determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal. If so, the air pressure sensor with the abnormal current measurement value is determined to be abnormal. If not, the air pressure sensor group 12 is determined to have passed the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor and the air pressure reference value is within the twentieth preset range. If so, it is determined that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is not abnormal. If not, it is determined that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is abnormal. The air pressure reference value in this embodiment is the current atmospheric pressure value of the area where the fuel cell system is located.

[0117] Optionally, the air system 1 power-on self-test further includes:

[0118] If the air pressure sensor group 12 passes the power-on self-test, the air compressor 113 and the air flow meter 112 are then powered on and self-tested. The power-on self-tests of the air compressor 113 and the air flow meter 112 include:

[0119] A command is issued to open the air inlet regulating valve 116 to the third set opening, a command is issued to open the air outlet regulating valve 141 to the fourth set opening, and then a command is issued to open the air compressor 113 to the first set speed;

[0120] Compare the current speed feedback value of the air compressor 113 with the first set speed to determine whether the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113 is abnormal. If so, determine that the air compressor 113 is faulty. If not, determine that the air compressor 113 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113 and the first set speed is within a twenty-first preset range. If so, determine that the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113 is not abnormal. If not, determine that the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113 is abnormal.

[0121] Determine the current expected flow value of the flow meter according to the current opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve 116, the current opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve 141 and the current feedback speed of the air compressor 113;

[0122] Compare the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112 with the current expected flow value to determine whether the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112 is abnormal. If so, determine that the air flow meter 112 is faulty. If not, determine that the air flow meter 112 has passed the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112 and the current expected flow value is within a twenty-second preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112. If not, determine that the current measurement value of the air flow meter 112 is abnormal.

[0123] Optionally, the air system 1 power-on self-test further includes:

[0124] If the air compressor 113 and the air flow meter 112 pass the power-on self-test, the air temperature sensor group 13 will be powered on and self-tested. The power-on self-test of the air temperature sensor group 13 includes:

[0125] Issue a command to open the air inlet regulating valve 116 to a fifth set opening, a command to open the air outlet regulating valve 141 to a sixth set opening, and a command to open the air compressor 113 to a second set speed;

[0126] After the air compressor 113 runs at the second set speed for the second preset time, the air compressor 113 is turned off, and the current measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor are compared with the current ambient temperature to determine whether the current measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor are abnormal. If so, the air temperature sensor with the abnormal measurement value is determined to be faulty. If not, the air temperature sensor group 13 passes the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor are abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-third preset range, whether the difference between the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-fourth preset range, whether the difference between the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor 133 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-fifth preset range, whether the difference between the current measurement value of the fourth air temperature sensor 134 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-sixth preset range, and whether the difference between the current measurement value of the fifth air temperature sensor 135 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-seventh preset range. Set the range, whether the difference between the current measurement value of the sixth air temperature sensor 136 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-eighth preset range, if so, it is judged that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the air temperature sensor, if not, it is judged that the current measurement value of the air temperature sensor is abnormal. For example, if the difference between the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 and the current ambient temperature is within the twenty-third preset range, it is judged that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131, if the difference between the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132 and the current ambient temperature is not within the twenty-fourth preset range, it is judged that there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor 132.

[0127] In other embodiments, the power-on self-test of the air temperature sensor group 13 may also be performed in other ways. For example, after shutting down the air compressor 113, the current measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor are compared with each other to determine whether the current measurement value of each air temperature sensor is abnormal. If so, the air temperature sensor with the abnormal measurement value is determined to be faulty. If not, the power-on self-test of the air temperature sensor group 13 passes. Specifically, determining whether the current measurement value of each air temperature sensor is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor is within the twenty-ninth preset range. If so, determining that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of each air temperature sensor. If not, determining that the current measurement value of the air temperature sensor whose difference with the current measurement value of other air temperature sensors is not within the twenty-ninth preset range is abnormal.

[0128] Optionally, the power-on self-test of the air system 1 further includes: if the power-on self-tests of the air supply device group 11 , the air pressure sensor group 12 , the air temperature sensor group 13 and the air exhaust device group 14 all pass, then it is determined that the power-on self-test of the air system 1 passes.

[0129] The POST also includes:

[0130] If the air system 1 power-on self-test passes, the hydrogen system 2 power-on self-test is performed;

[0131] The power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 includes: performing a power-on self-test of the hydrogen switch valve 211, and the power-on self-test of the hydrogen switch valve 211 includes: controlling the hydrogen switch valve 211 to open and close. If the feedback opening and closing state of the hydrogen switch valve 211 is consistent with the control opening and closing state, it is determined that the self-test of the hydrogen switch valve 211 has passed. If the feedback opening and closing state of the hydrogen switch valve 211 is inconsistent with the control opening and closing state, it is determined that the hydrogen switch valve 211 is faulty, and a fault of the hydrogen switch valve 211 is reported.

[0132] Optionally, the hydrogen system 2 further includes a gas-liquid separator 214 and a tail exhaust switch valve 215 . The gas-liquid separator 214 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen circulation pump 213 and the hydrogen outlet 34 of the fuel cell stack 3 . The tail exhaust switch valve 215 is used to control the liquid discharge of the gas-liquid separator 214 .

[0133] Optionally, the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 also includes: if the power-on self-test of the hydrogen switch valve 211 passes, then the power-on self-test of the tail exhaust switch valve 215 is performed, and the power-on self-test of the tail exhaust switch valve 215 includes: controlling the tail exhaust switch valve 215 to open and close, if the feedback opening and closing state of the tail exhaust switch valve 215 is consistent with the control opening and closing state, then it is judged that the tail exhaust switch valve 215 self-test has passed, if the feedback opening and closing state of the tail exhaust switch valve 215 is inconsistent with the control opening and closing state, then it is judged that the tail exhaust switch valve 215 is faulty, and the tail exhaust switch valve 215 fault is reported.

[0134] Optionally, the hydrogen system 2 further includes a hydrogen pressure relief safety valve 216, the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure relief safety valve 216 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen regulating valve 212 and the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell stack 3 through a pipeline, for depressurizing the hydrogen system 2 when necessary.

[0135] Optionally, the hydrogen system 2 power-on self-test also includes a hydrogen regulating valve 212 power-on self-test, and the hydrogen regulating valve 212 power-on self-test includes: issuing a command to control the hydrogen regulating valve 212 to open to a seventh set opening;

[0136] Compare the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212 with the seventh set opening to determine whether the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212 is abnormal. If so, determine that the hydrogen regulating valve 212 is abnormal. If not, determine that the hydrogen regulating valve 212 has passed the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212 and the seventh set opening value is within the thirtieth preset range. If so, determine that there is no abnormality in the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212. If not, determine that there is an abnormality in the opening feedback value of the hydrogen regulating valve 212.

[0137] Optionally, the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 also includes a power-on self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22. The power-on self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 includes: comparing the current measurement values ​​of each hydrogen pressure sensor with the current measurement values ​​of the first air pressure sensor 121, respectively, to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement values ​​of each hydrogen pressure sensor; if so, determine that the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty and report the hydrogen pressure sensor fault; if not, determine that the hydrogen pressure sensor self-test has passed; specifically, determining whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement values ​​of each hydrogen pressure sensor includes: determining whether the difference between the current measurement values ​​of each hydrogen pressure sensor and the current measurement value of the first air pressure sensor 121 is within a thirty-first preset range; if so, determine that there is no abnormality in the current measurement value of the hydrogen pressure sensor; if not, determine that the current measurement value of the hydrogen pressure sensor is abnormal.

[0138] Optionally, the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 also includes a power-on self-test of the hydrogen circulation pump 213, and the power-on self-test of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 includes: issuing a command for the hydrogen circulation pump 213 to operate at a third set speed, determining the current expected operating current of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 according to the third set speed of the hydrogen circulation pump 213, comparing the current feedback speed of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 with the third set speed, and comparing the current operating current of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 with the current expected operating current, and judging whether the current feedback speed and the current operating current of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 are abnormal; if there is no abnormality in the current feedback speed and the current operating current of the hydrogen circulation pump 213, it is judged that the power-on self-test of the hydrogen circulation pump 213 has passed; otherwise, it is judged that the hydrogen circulation pump 213 is faulty.

[0139] Optionally, the hydrogen system 2 power-on self-test further includes: if the hydrogen circulation pump 213 power-on self-test passes, then the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 power-on self-test is performed, and the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 power-on self-test includes: issuing a command for the hydrogen circulation pump 213 to run at a fourth set speed, opening the tail exhaust switch valve 215, comparing the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 with the current ambient temperature or the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131, and judging whether the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal, if yes, judging that the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is faulty, if no, judging that the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 power-on self-test passes. Specifically, judging whether the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal includes judging whether the difference between the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 and the current ambient temperature or the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 is within a thirty-second preset range, if yes, judging that the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is not abnormal, if no, judging that the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 is abnormal.

[0140] Optionally, the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 further includes: if the power-on self-tests of the hydrogen supply equipment group 21 , the hydrogen pressure sensor group 22 and the hydrogen temperature sensor 23 all pass, then it is determined that the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 passes.

[0141] Optionally, the power-on self-test also includes: if the power-on self-test of the hydrogen system 2 passes, the power-on self-test of the cooling system 4 is performed. The power-on self-test of the cooling system 4 includes the power-on self-test of the coolant pressure sensor group 42, and the power-on self-test of the coolant pressure sensor group 42 includes: comparing the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor with the preset coolant pressure sensor static measurement value, judging whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal, if yes, judging that the coolant pressure sensor is faulty, if no, judging that the coolant pressure sensor self-test has passed. Specifically, judging whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal includes: judging whether the difference between the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor and the preset coolant pressure sensor static measurement value is within the thirty-third preset range, if yes, judging that the current measurement value of the coolant pressure sensor is not abnormal, if no, judging that the current measurement value of the coolant pressure sensor is abnormal.

[0142] Further, the power-on self-test of the cooling system 4 also includes: if the power-on self-test of the coolant pressure sensor group 42 passes, the power-on self-test of the cooling water pump 411 and the three-way valve 414 is performed. The power-on self-test of the cooling water pump 411 and the three-way valve 414 includes: issuing a command that the first interface of the three-way valve 414 is opened to the eighth set opening, the second interface is opened to the ninth set opening, and the third interface is opened to the tenth set opening, and then issuing a command that the cooling water pump 411 runs at the fifth set speed. Compare the current opening feedback value of the first interface of the three-way valve 414 with the eighth set opening to determine whether the current opening feedback value of the first interface is abnormal. If yes, it is determined that the first interface is faulty. If not, it is determined that the power-on self-test of the first interface has passed. Compare the current opening feedback value of the second interface of the three-way valve 414 with the ninth set opening to determine whether the current opening feedback value of the second interface is abnormal. If yes, it is determined that the second interface is faulty. If not, it is determined that the power-on self-test of the second interface has passed. Compare the current opening feedback value of the third interface of the three-way valve 414 with the tenth set opening to determine whether the current opening feedback value of the third interface is abnormal. If so, determine that the third interface is faulty. If not, determine that the third interface has passed the power-on self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current opening feedback value of the first interface is abnormal includes determining whether the difference between the current opening feedback value of the first interface and the eighth set opening is within the thirty-fourth preset range. If so, determine that the current opening feedback value of the first interface is not abnormal. If not, determine that the current opening feedback value of the first interface is abnormal. Determining whether the current opening feedback value of the second interface is abnormal includes determining whether the difference between the current opening feedback value of the second interface and the ninth set opening is within the thirty-fifth preset range. If so, determine that the current opening feedback value of the second interface is not abnormal. If not, determine that the current opening feedback value of the second interface is abnormal. Determining whether the current opening feedback value of the third interface is abnormal includes determining whether the difference between the current opening feedback value of the third interface and the tenth set opening is within the thirty-sixth preset range, if yes, determining that the current opening feedback value of the third interface is not abnormal, if no, determining that the current opening feedback value of the third interface is abnormal. Comparing the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 with the fifth set speed, determining whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is abnormal, if yes, determining that the cooling water pump 411 is faulty, if no, determining that the cooling water pump 411 has passed the self-test. Specifically, determining whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is abnormal includes: determining whether the difference between the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 and the fifth set speed is within the thirty-seventh preset range, if yes, determining that the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is not abnormal, if no, determining that the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump 411 is abnormal.

[0143] Furthermore, the power-on self-test of the cooling system 4 also includes: if the power-on self-test of the cooling water pump 411 and the three-way valve 414 passes, then the power-on self-test of the coolant temperature sensor group 43 is performed, and the power-on self-test of the coolant temperature sensor group 43 includes: issuing a command to open the first interface of the three-way valve 414 to the eleventh set opening, the second interface to the twelfth set opening, and the third interface to the thirteenth set opening, and then issuing a command to operate the cooling water pump 411 at the sixth set speed, so that the coolant is operated according to the cooling water pump 411-first coolant temperature sensor 431-fuel cell stack 3-second coolant temperature sensor 432-three-way valve 414-PTC 413-flows in the direction of the cooling water pump 411. After the third preset time, the current measurement values ​​of each coolant temperature sensor are compared with the current ambient temperature or the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 to determine whether the current measurement values ​​of each coolant temperature sensor are abnormal. If not, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor power-on self-test has passed without abnormality in the current measurement value. If so, it is determined whether the difference between the current measurement values ​​of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 and the second coolant temperature sensor 432 is within the thirty-eighth preset range. If the difference is within the thirty-eighth preset range, it is determined that the power-on self-tests of the first coolant temperature sensor 431 and the second coolant temperature sensor 432 have both passed. If the difference is not within the thirty-eighth preset range, it is determined that the current measurement value has abnormality and there is a coolant temperature sensor fault. Specifically, judging whether the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor is abnormal includes: judging whether the difference between the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor and the current ambient temperature or the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor 131 is within the thirty-ninth preset range, if yes, judging that the current measurement value of the coolant temperature sensor is not abnormal, if no, judging that the current measurement value of the coolant temperature sensor is abnormal. It should be noted that during the power-on self-test of the coolant temperature sensor group 43, the PTC 413 is not powered on.

[0144] Furthermore, the power-on self-test of the coolant system also includes: if the power-on self-test of the coolant temperature sensor group 43 passes, then the commands of maintaining the eleventh set opening of the first interface of the three-way valve 414, the twelfth set opening of the second interface, the thirteenth set opening of the third interface, and the sixth set speed of the cooling water pump 411 are maintained, so that the coolant maintains the flow direction of cooling water pump 411-first coolant temperature sensor 431-fuel cell stack 3-second coolant temperature sensor 432-three-way valve 414-PTC413-cooling water pump 411, and a command to turn on PTC 413 to the first preset current is issued. After the fourth preset time, the feedback current of PTC 413 is compared with the first preset current to determine whether there is an abnormality in the feedback current of PTC 413. If so, it is determined that PTC 413 is faulty and the PTC 413 fault is reported. If not, it is determined that PTC 413 self-test has passed. Specifically, determining whether there is an abnormality in the feedback current of PTC 413 includes determining whether the difference between the feedback current of PTC 413 and the first preset current is within the fortieth preset range. If so, determining that there is no abnormality in the feedback current of PTC 413; if not, determining that the feedback current of PTC 413 is abnormal.

[0145] Optionally, the cooling system 4 self-test further includes: if the cooling system equipment group 41, the coolant pressure sensor group 42 and the coolant temperature sensor group 43 all pass the power-on self-test, then it is determined that the cooling system 4 power-on self-test passes.

[0146] Optionally, the power-on self-test further includes: if the power-on self-tests of the air system 1 , the hydrogen system 2 , and the cooling system 4 all pass, then it is determined that the power-on self-test has passed.

[0147] In this embodiment, each preset range, each set rotation speed, and each set opening are calibrated through experiments and pre-stored in the controller of the fuel cell system.

[0148] The fuel cell system self-check method provided in this embodiment fully considers the coupling relationship between the various components of the system, comprehensively considers the status of related components and then makes reasonable judgments on possible faults, thereby increasing the judgment accuracy of power-on self-check and operation self-check, facilitating timely detection of faults when the fuel cell system is used, and accurately reporting the faults, thereby reducing the fault handling time and workload of users or after-sales personnel.

[0149] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system self-test method, characterized in that: The fuel cell system comprises an air system (1), a hydrogen system (2) and a fuel cell stack (3); the air system (1) comprises an air supply device group (11) and an air pressure sensor group (12); the air supply device group (11) comprises an air filter (111), an air flow meter (112), an air compressor (113), an intercooler (114), a humidifier (115) and an air inlet regulating valve (116) which are connected in sequence; the air inlet regulating valve (116) is connected to an air inlet (31) of the fuel cell stack (3); the air pressure sensor group (12) comprises a plurality of air pressure sensors, the plurality of air pressure sensors comprising a first air pressure sensor (121), a second air pressure sensor (122), a third air pressure sensor (123), a fourth air pressure sensor (124), a fifth air pressure sensor (125) ) and a sixth air pressure sensor (126), the first air pressure sensor (121) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an air filter (111) and an air flow meter (112), the second air pressure sensor (122) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an air compressor (113) and an intercooler (114), the third air pressure sensor (123) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an intercooler (114) and a humidifier (115), the fourth air pressure sensor (124) being arranged on a connecting pipe between the humidifier (115) and an air inlet regulating valve (116), the fifth air pressure sensor (125) being arranged on a connecting pipe between the air inlet regulating valve (116) and an air inlet (31) of a fuel cell stack (3), and the sixth air pressure sensor (126) being arranged at an air outlet (32) of the fuel cell stack (3); The fuel cell system self-test method includes: The fuel cell system performs self-tests during operation, including: The air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11) are operated self-checked. The air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11) are operated self-checked, and the air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11) are operated self-checked, including: Determining the current expected measurement value of each air pressure sensor according to the current rotation speed feedback value of the air compressor (113); Compare the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal; If the current measured values ​​of the air pressure sensors are not abnormal, the air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11) have passed the self-test; If there is an air pressure sensor whose current measurement value is abnormal among the air pressure sensors, a fault judgment is made on the air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11); Fault determination of the air pressure sensor group (12) and the air supply device group (11) includes: If only one of the air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group (12) has an abnormal current measurement value, it is determined whether the current measurement value of the sixth air pressure sensor (126) is abnormal; if so, it is determined that the sixth air pressure sensor (126) is faulty or the fuel cell stack (3) is faulty; if not, it is determined that all air pressure sensors with abnormal current measurement values ​​are faulty; If the current measurement values ​​of N air pressure sensors in the air pressure sensor group (12) are abnormal, it is determined whether the measurement values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor (126) are all abnormal. If so, it is determined that there is a fault in the air supply device group (11). If not, it is determined whether the current measurement value of the sixth air pressure sensor (126) is abnormal. If so, it is determined that there are faults in both the air supply device group (11) and the air pressure sensor group (12). If not, it is determined that the air supply device group (11) is normal and the air pressure sensors with abnormal measurement values ​​are all faulty, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1.

2. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal, including: respectively determine whether the difference between the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within a first preset range; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is within the first preset range, determine that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is normal; if the difference between the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor and the current expected measurement value is not within the first preset range, determine that the current measurement value of the air pressure sensor is abnormal.

3. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining that the measured values ​​of N adjacent air pressure sensors including the sixth air pressure sensor (126) are all abnormal, it is determined that the air supply device group (11) has a fault, and further comprising: If N is equal to 2, it is determined that the faulty air inlet regulating valve (116) in the air supply device group (11); If N is equal to 3, it is determined that the humidifier (115) is faulty in the air supply device group (11); If N is equal to 4, it is determined that the intercooler (114) is faulty in the air supply device group (11); If N is equal to 5, it is determined that the fault in the air supply equipment group (11) is the air flow meter (112) or the air compressor (113); If N is equal to 6, it is determined that the air filter (111) is faulty in the air supply device group (11).

4. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen system (2) comprises a hydrogen supply device group (21) and a hydrogen pressure sensor group (22); the hydrogen supply device group (21) comprises a hydrogen switch valve (211), a hydrogen regulating valve (212) and a hydrogen circulation pump (213); the gas outlet of the hydrogen switch valve (211) is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen regulating valve (212); the gas outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve (212) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (33) of the fuel cell stack (3); the gas inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (213) is connected to the hydrogen outlet (34) of the fuel cell stack (3); the gas outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet (33) of the fuel cell stack (3); the hydrogen pressure sensor group (22) comprises a plurality of a hydrogen pressure sensor, wherein the plurality of hydrogen pressure sensors include a first hydrogen pressure sensor (221), a second hydrogen pressure sensor (222) and a third hydrogen pressure sensor (223), the first hydrogen pressure sensor (221) being arranged on a connecting pipeline between a hydrogen switch valve (211) and a hydrogen regulating valve (212), the second hydrogen pressure sensor (222) being arranged on a connecting pipeline between a hydrogen regulating valve (212) and a hydrogen inlet (33) of a fuel cell stack (3), and the third hydrogen pressure sensor (223) being arranged on a connecting pipeline between a hydrogen outlet (34) of the fuel cell stack (3) and a hydrogen circulation pump (213); Running a self-test also includes: The hydrogen circulation pump (213) and the hydrogen pressure sensor group (22) are operated self-checked. The hydrogen circulation pump (213) and the hydrogen pressure sensor group (22) are operated self-checked, and the self-checks include: Determining respectively the current expected rotation speed of the hydrogen circulation pump (213), the current expected measurement value of the first hydrogen pressure sensor (221), the current expected measurement value of the second hydrogen pressure sensor (222), and the current expected measurement value of the third hydrogen pressure sensor (223) according to the current operating current of the fuel cell stack (3); Comparing the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump (213) with the current expected speed, determining whether the current speed feedback value of the hydrogen circulation pump (213) is abnormal, if so, determining that the hydrogen circulation pump (213) is faulty, if not, determining that the hydrogen circulation pump (213) has passed the self-test; The current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each hydrogen pressure sensor. If yes, it is determined that the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty; if not, it is determined that the operation self-test of the hydrogen pressure sensor has passed.

5. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a cooling system (4), the cooling system (4) comprising a cooling system equipment group (41), a coolant pressure sensor group (42) and a coolant temperature sensor group (43), the cooling system equipment group (41) comprising a cooling water pump (411), a radiator (412), a PTC (413) and a three-way valve (414), the liquid outlet of the cooling water pump (411) being connected to the coolant inlet (35) of the fuel cell stack (3), the coolant outlet (36) of the fuel cell stack (3) being connected to the first interface of the three-way valve (414), the second interface of the three-way valve (414) being connected to the liquid inlet of the radiator (412), the liquid inlet of the PTC (413) being connected to the third interface of the three-way valve (414), and the liquid outlet being connected to the connecting pipeline between the radiator (412) and the cooling water pump (411). The coolant temperature sensor group (43) includes a plurality of coolant temperature sensors, the plurality of coolant temperature sensors include a first coolant temperature sensor (431) and a second coolant temperature sensor (432); the coolant pressure sensor group (42) includes a plurality of coolant pressure sensors, the plurality of coolant pressure sensors include a first coolant pressure sensor (421) and a second coolant pressure sensor (422); the first coolant temperature sensor (431) and the first coolant pressure sensor (421) are arranged on a connecting pipeline between a cooling water pump (411) and a fuel cell stack (3); the second coolant temperature sensor (432) and the second coolant pressure sensor (422) are arranged on a connecting pipeline between a coolant outlet (36) of the fuel cell stack (3) and a three-way valve (414); Running a self-test also includes: If the air pressure sensor group (12) operation self-test, the air supply device group (11) operation self-test, the hydrogen circulation pump (213) operation self-test and the hydrogen pressure sensor group (22) operation self-test are all passed, the cooling system (4) operation self-test is performed. The cooling system (4) operation self-test includes: Determining a current expected rotation speed of a cooling water pump (411) according to a current operating current of the fuel cell system; Comparing the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump (411) with the current expected speed, determining whether the current speed feedback value of the cooling water pump (411) is abnormal, and if so, determining that the coolant pump is faulty, and if not, determining that the cooling water pump (411) has passed the self-test; Determining the current expected measurement values ​​of each coolant pressure sensor according to the current rotation speed feedback value of the cooling water pump (411) and the feedback opening degree of the three-way valve (414); Compare the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor with the current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of each coolant pressure sensor is abnormal. If yes, determine that the coolant pressure sensor is faulty. If no, determine that the operation self-test of the coolant pressure sensor has passed. Determine the current expected temperature rise value of each coolant temperature sensor according to the operating condition of the fuel cell within a first preset time before the current moment; The current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor is compared with the current expected measurement value to determine whether there is an abnormality in the current measurement value of each coolant temperature sensor. If so, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor is faulty. If not, it is determined that the coolant temperature sensor has passed the self-test.

6. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air system (1) further comprises an air temperature sensor group (13), the air temperature sensor group (13) comprising: a first air temperature sensor (131), a second air temperature sensor (132), a third air temperature sensor (133), a fourth air temperature sensor (134), a fifth air temperature sensor (135) and a sixth air temperature sensor (136), the first air temperature sensor (131) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an air filter (111) and an air flow meter (112), the second temperature sensor (132) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an air compressor (113) and an intercooler (114), the third temperature sensor (133) being arranged on a connecting pipe between an air compressor (113) and an intercooler (114), The hydrogen system (2) is provided on a connecting pipeline between the humidifier (114) and the humidifier (115), a fourth air temperature sensor (134) is provided on a connecting pipeline between the humidifier (115) and the air inlet regulating valve (116), a fifth air temperature sensor (135) is provided on a connecting pipeline between the air inlet regulating valve (116) and the air inlet (31) of the fuel cell stack (3), and a sixth air temperature sensor (136) is provided at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack (3); the hydrogen system (2) further comprises a hydrogen temperature sensor (23), and the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) is provided on a connecting pipeline between the hydrogen regulating valve (212) and the hydrogen inlet (33) of the fuel cell stack (3); Running a self-test also includes: If the cooling system (4) passes the self-test, the air temperature sensor group (13) and the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) are then self-tested; The air temperature sensor group (13) runs a self-test including: Comparing the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor (131) with the current ambient temperature to determine whether the current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor (131) is abnormal; if so, determining that the first air temperature sensor (131) is faulty; if not, determining that the first air temperature sensor (131) has passed the self-test; Determining a current expected measurement value of a second air temperature sensor (132) based on a current measurement value of the first air temperature sensor (131) and a current rotation speed feedback value of the air compressor (113); Comparing a current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor (132) with a current expected measurement value to determine whether the current measurement value of the second air temperature sensor (132) is abnormal; if so, determining that the second air temperature sensor (132) is faulty; if not, determining that the second air temperature sensor (132) has passed self-test; Comparing the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor (133), the current measurement value of the fourth air temperature sensor (134), and the current measurement value of the fifth air temperature sensor (135) with the current measurement value of the first coolant temperature sensor (431), respectively, to determine whether the current measurement value of the third air temperature sensor (133), the current measurement value of the fourth air temperature sensor (134), and the current measurement value of the fifth air temperature sensor (135) are abnormal; if so, determining that the temperature sensor with the abnormal current measurement value is faulty; if not, determining that the third air temperature sensor (133), the fourth air temperature sensor (134), and the fifth air temperature sensor (135) have all passed the self-test; Comparing the current measurement value of the sixth air temperature sensor (136) with the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor (432), determining whether the current measurement value of the sixth air temperature sensor (136) is abnormal, and if so, determining that the sixth air temperature sensor (136) is faulty, and if not, determining that the sixth air temperature sensor (136) has passed the self-test; The self-test of the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) includes: The current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) is compared with the current measurement value of the second coolant temperature sensor (432) to determine whether the current measurement value of the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) is faulty. If not, it is determined that the hydrogen temperature sensor (23) has passed the self-test.

7. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The air system (1) further comprises an air exhaust device group (14), the air exhaust device group (14) comprising an air outlet regulating valve (141) and a muffler (142), the air inlet of the air outlet regulating valve (141) being in communication with the air outlet (32) of the fuel cell stack (3), the air outlet being in communication with the air inlet of the muffler (142) via the humidifier (115), and the air outlet of the muffler (142) being in communication with the atmosphere; The fuel cell system self-test method also includes: When the fuel cell system receives a power-on command, it performs a power-on self-test, which includes a power-on self-test of the air system (1). The power-on self-test of the air system (1) includes: performing a power-on self-test of the air inlet regulating valve (116) and a power-on self-test of the air outlet regulating valve (141). The power-on self-test of the air inlet regulating valve (116) and the power-on self-test of the air outlet regulating valve (141) include: issuing a command to open the air inlet regulating valve (116) to a first set opening degree and issuing a command to open the air outlet regulating valve (141) to a second set opening degree; Comparing the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve (116) with the first set opening, determining whether the opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve (116) is abnormal, and if so, determining that the air inlet regulating valve (116) is faulty, and if not, determining that the air inlet regulating valve (116) has passed the power-on self-test; The opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve (141) is compared with the second set opening to determine whether the opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve (141) is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the air outlet regulating valve (141) is faulty. If not, it is determined that the air inlet regulating valve (116) has passed the power-on self-test.

8. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air system (1) power-on self-test also includes: If both the air inlet regulating valve (116) power-on self-test and the air outlet regulating valve (141) power-on self-test are passed, the air pressure sensor group (12) power-on self-test is performed. The air pressure sensor group (12) power-on self-test includes: The current measurement values ​​of each air pressure sensor are compared with the air pressure reference value to determine whether the current measurement value of each air pressure sensor is abnormal. If so, the air pressure sensor with the abnormal current measurement value is determined to be abnormal. If not, the air pressure sensor group (12) is determined to have passed the power-on self-test.

9. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air system (1) power-on self-test also includes: If the air pressure sensor group (12) passes the power-on self-test, the air compressor (113) power-on self-test and the air flow meter (112) power-on self-test are performed. The power-on self-test of the air compressor (113) and the air flow meter (112) include: issuing a command to open the air inlet regulating valve (116) to a third set opening, issuing a command to open the air outlet regulating valve (141) to a fourth set opening, and then issuing a command to open the air compressor (113) to a first set speed; Comparing the current speed feedback value of the air compressor (113) with the first set speed to determine whether the current feedback speed of the air compressor (113) is abnormal; if so, determining that the air compressor (113) is faulty; if not, determining that the air compressor (113) has passed self-test; Determining a current expected flow value of the flow meter according to a current opening feedback value of the air inlet regulating valve (116), a current opening feedback value of the air outlet regulating valve (141) and a current feedback rotation speed of the air compressor (113); The current measurement value of the air flow meter (112) is compared with the current expected flow value to determine whether the current measurement value of the air flow meter (112) is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the air flow meter (112) is faulty. If not, it is determined that the air flow meter (112) has passed the power-on self-test.

10. The fuel cell system self-checking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air system (1) power-on self-test also includes: If the air compressor (113) power-on self-test and the air flow meter (112) power-on self-test pass, the air temperature sensor group (13) power-on self-test is performed. The air temperature sensor group (13) power-on self-test includes: issuing a command to open the air inlet regulating valve (116) to a fifth set opening, a command to open the air outlet regulating valve (141) to a sixth set opening, and a command to open the air compressor (113) to a second set speed; After the air compressor (113) runs at the second set speed for a second preset time, the air compressor (113) is turned off, and the measurement values ​​of each air temperature sensor are compared with the current ambient temperature to determine whether the measurement value of each air temperature sensor is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the air temperature sensor with the abnormal measurement value is faulty. If not, the air temperature sensor group (13) has passed the power-on self-test.

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