Single-layer wide-beam antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-layer wide-beam sky-pass antenna, and the antenna comprises a polygonal geometric body, and the upper surface of the polygonal geometric body is provided with a plane. The single-layer dielectric substrate is located on the plane of the polygonal geometry, and the single-layer dielectric substrate is fixedly connected to the polygonal geometry; an annular radiation patch is attached to the central position of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate, a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the annular radiation patch, each feeding point is connected with a feeding branch knot, and each feeding branch knot is connected with a lead; wherein a claw-type coupling patch is attached to each corner of the polygonal geometry. According to the invention, on the premise that the miniaturization and the structure simplification of the antenna are maintained, the wide wave beam, the high bandwidth and the high reliability are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of global satellite communications and positioning and navigation technologies, services such as positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) have been widely used in daily life, military, aviation, navigation and other fields. As the core component of satellite signal reception, antenna performance directly affects the overall performance of the communication system. At present, the antennas used for satellite reception mainly include helical antennas, microstrip patch antennas and parabolic antennas. Among them, microstrip patch antennas are widely used in devices that require miniaturized design due to their compact structure, light weight, easy integration and low manufacturing cost, such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers, vehicle-mounted satellite communication equipment and handheld navigation devices. However, in Tiantong (space-based communication) applications, traditional microstrip patch antennas have exposed obvious defects, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: narrow beam coverage: traditional patch antennas usually have narrow beam characteristics, and the coverage of the beam is limited, which is difficult to meet the needs of satellite communications that require large-angle signal reception and transmission. The narrow beam makes the antenna have higher requirements on the signal reception direction, resulting in insufficient signal reception performance in the low elevation angle direction, affecting the stability and accuracy of communication. Wide beam antennas are more advantageous in Tiantong communications. They can receive signals within a larger angle range, reduce the requirements for antenna directivity, and thus improve the reception effect. Traditional single-layer patch antennas are structurally difficult to achieve wide frequency band coverage and can usually only work within a narrow frequency range. The narrow bandwidth limits the compatibility of the antenna with multi-frequency and multi-standard satellite signals, and it is difficult to meet the needs of broadband signals in modern satellite communications. In addition, the bandwidth expansion of traditional patch antennas often relies on multi-layer structures or complex feeding designs, which not only increases the manufacturing cost and structural complexity of the antenna, but also puts higher requirements on installation accuracy. In order to achieve wide beam and high bandwidth performance, multi-layer structures and complex coupling feeding methods are usually used in existing designs. However, antennas with multi-layer structures are relatively bulky and more easily damaged in harsh environments, which reduces the reliability of the antenna. Especially in long-term outdoor applications, antennas with complex structures are more susceptible to factors such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical shock. In addition, the complex multi-layer structure increases the processing difficulty and cost of the antenna, limiting the economic feasibility of large-scale applications. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-layer wide-beam sky-through antenna, which achieves wide beam, high bandwidth and high reliability while maintaining antenna miniaturization and simplified structure, and is suitable for application scenarios requiring high-performance antennas in satellite communication systems. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other advantages according to the present invention, a single-layer wide-beam sky-through antenna is provided, comprising:

[0004] A polygonal geometric body, wherein a plane is provided on the upper surface of the polygonal geometric body;

[0005] A single-layer dielectric substrate, wherein the single-layer dielectric substrate is located on the plane of the polygonal geometric body and is fixedly connected to the polygonal geometric body;

[0006] A circular ring-shaped radiation patch is attached at the center position of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate, and a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the circular ring-shaped radiation patch, each feeding point is connected to a feeding branch, and each feeding branch is connected to a lead wire;

[0007] The structure of the present application described above makes the antenna miniaturized and simple in structure, thereby achieving wide beam, high bandwidth and high reliability, and is suitable for application scenarios requiring high-performance antennas in satellite communication systems.

[0008] Preferably, the single-layer dielectric substrate serves as a supporting structure of the antenna, carries a circular ring-shaped radiation patch and a claw-shaped coupling patch, and is designed as a single layer to simplify the structure and improve the environmental adaptability of the antenna.

[0009] Preferably, a ring-shaped radiation patch is attached at the center of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate to form a radiation element of the antenna, and circular polarization waves of a specific frequency are realized through the ring-shaped structure, thereby enhancing the polarization performance of the antenna.

[0010] Preferably, the claw-shaped coupling patch is coupled with the annular radiating patch by extending branches, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the antenna, enabling it to cover a larger frequency range, and improving the receiving and transmitting performance of the antenna.

[0011] Preferably, the feeding branch forms coupled feeding with the annular radiation patch through the reserved feeding copper column, and the four feeding copper columns provide 90-degree phase difference input for the four feeding branches, thereby realizing multi-point coupling, increasing the antenna bandwidth and signal transmission stability.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding branch forms secondary direct feeding through additional leads and the annular radiation patch, thereby increasing the antenna bandwidth and beam width.

[0013] Preferably, there are gaps between the first feeding branch, the second feeding branch, the third feeding branch, the fourth feeding branch and the annular radiation patch to form coupled feeding.

[0014] Preferably, the first lead, the second lead, the third lead and the fourth lead are directly connected to the annular radiation patch to form direct feeding.

[0015] Preferably, the claw-shaped coupling patch is coupled with the concentric ring-shaped radiation patch by extending branches, thereby increasing the antenna bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A top view of a single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A front view of a single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-3 , a single-layer wide-beam sky-through antenna, comprising:

[0021] The polygonal geometric body 61 has a plane on its upper surface; the polygonal geometric body 61 is a stepped reflector. By introducing the stepped reflector, the radiation angle of the antenna is effectively widened, and the receiving and transmitting performance in the low elevation direction is enhanced, so that the antenna has good gain in a larger angle range, meeting the requirements of the Tiantong communication system for wide-angle signal reception. The polygonal geometric body 61 can also be a horn-shaped reflector or a plane reflector.

[0022] A single-layer dielectric substrate 11 is located on the plane of the polygonal geometric body 61, and the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 is fixed to the polygonal geometric body 61. In the present application, by adopting the design of a single-layer dielectric substrate, the complexity of the multi-layer structure is avoided, the risk of damage is reduced, and the environmental adaptability and damage resistance of the antenna are improved, which is particularly suitable for applications outdoors or in harsh environments. The area of ​​the plane of the polygonal geometric body 61 is a first area value, and the area of ​​the end face of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 close to the polygonal geometric body 61 is a second area value, and the first area value is greater than the second area value. Figure 2 As shown, the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 and the polygonal geometric body 61 are connected and fixed by screws and nuts, and the materials of the screws and nuts are 304 stainless steel.

[0023] A circular ring-shaped radiation patch 21 is attached at the center of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11, and a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the circular ring-shaped radiation patch 21, each feeding point is connected to a feeding branch, and each feeding branch is connected to a lead wire;

[0024] A claw-type coupling patch is attached to each corner of the polygonal geometric body 61. The claw-type coupling patch includes a first folding strip, a second folding strip connected to the first folding strip, and an extension branch connected to one end of the first folding strip close to the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 and one end of the second folding strip close to the single-layer dielectric substrate 11. One section of the first folding strip is attached to the first side surface of the polygonal geometric body 61, and the other section of the first folding strip is attached to the surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11. The extension branch is located on the surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11, and the extension branch is spaced from the annular radiation patch 21, so that the extension branch is coupled with the annular radiation patch 21, which increases the bandwidth of the antenna, enables it to cover a larger frequency range, and improves the receiving and transmitting performance of the antenna.

[0025] One section of the second folding strip is attached to the second side surface of the polygonal geometric body 61, and the other section of the second folding strip is attached to the surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11. The first side surface and the second side surface are adjacent sides. The first folding strip, the second folding strip and the extended branches form a Y-shaped structure on the plane. The four corners of the polygonal geometric body 61 are respectively fixed with a first claw-type coupling patch 31, a second claw-type coupling patch 32, a third claw-type coupling patch 33 and a fourth claw-type coupling patch 34. The design of the four claw-type coupling patches, the feeding point and the feeding branches realizes a wider operating frequency band, so that the antenna can operate in a larger frequency range, improve the compatibility with multi-frequency and multi-standard satellite signals, and realize the integration of reception and transmission.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of feeding copper pillars are provided inside the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 at the position of the annular radiation patch 21, and the feeding copper pillars are connected to the feeding branches. Four feeding copper pillars are provided in the single-layer dielectric substrate 11, including a first feeding copper pillar 51, a second feeding copper pillar 52, a third feeding copper pillar 53 and a fourth feeding copper pillar 54, and the first feeding copper pillar 51, the second feeding copper pillar 52, the third feeding copper pillar 53 and the fourth feeding copper pillar 54 form a square. Figure 1As shown, four feeding branches are arranged on the single-layer dielectric substrate 11, including a first feeding branch 41, a second feeding branch 42, a third feeding branch 43 and a fourth feeding branch 44; four feeding points are arranged on the annular radiation patch 21, including a first feeding point 101, a second feeding point 102, a third feeding point 103 and a fourth feeding point 104. Four leads are arranged on the single-layer dielectric substrate 11, including a first lead 81, a second lead 82, a third lead 83 and a fourth lead 84. Among them, the first feeding branch node 41 is connected to the first feeding copper column 51, the second feeding branch node 42 is connected to the second feeding copper column 52, the third feeding branch node 43 is connected to the third feeding copper column 53, and the fourth feeding branch node 44 is connected to the fourth feeding copper column 54. The first feeding branch node 41 is connected to the first lead 81, the second feeding branch node 42 is connected to the second lead 82, the third feeding branch node 43 is connected to the third lead 83, and the fourth feeding branch node 44 is connected to the fourth lead 84. The four leads 81, 82, 83, and 84 are connected to the annular radiation patch 21. The feeding branches and the feeding branches form coupled feeding through the feeding copper column and the annular radiation patch 21. The four feeding copper columns provide a 90-degree phase difference input for the four feeding branches, realizing multi-point coupling, increasing the antenna bandwidth and signal transmission stability. The four feeding branches form secondary direct feeding with the annular radiation patch 21 through four leads, thereby increasing the antenna bandwidth and beam width.

[0027] There are gaps between the first feeding branch 41 , the second feeding branch 42 , the third feeding branch 43 and the fourth feeding branch 44 and the annular radiation patch 2 , forming coupled feeding.

[0028] The first lead 81 , the second lead 82 , the third lead 83 and the fourth lead 84 are directly connected to the annular radiation patch 2 to form direct feeding.

[0029] Furthermore, the first feeding copper column 51, the second feeding copper column 52, the third feeding copper column 53 and the fourth feeding copper column 54 provide inputs with a phase difference of 90 degrees for the first feeding point 101, the second feeding point 102, the third feeding point 103 and the fourth feeding point 104, so that the first feeding point 101, the second feeding point 102, the third feeding point 103 and the fourth feeding point 104 have equal amplitudes and phases that differ by 90 degrees.

[0030] Furthermore, the width of the annular radiation patch 21 is greater than 4 mm.

[0031] Furthermore, a metal plane 71 is provided on the upper surface of the polygonal geometric body 61 , and the metal plane 71 is used as the GND plane of the single-layer dielectric substrate 11 .

[0032] In summary, by introducing a stepped reflector, the radiation angle of the antenna is effectively widened, and the receiving and transmitting performance in the low elevation direction is enhanced, so that the antenna has good gain within a larger angle range, meeting the needs of the Tiantong communication system for wide-angle signal reception. High-bandwidth performance: The design of four claw-type coupling patches and a four-feed structure achieves a relative bandwidth of more than 40%, enabling the antenna to operate in a larger frequency range, improving compatibility with multi-frequency and multi-standard satellite signals, and realizing integrated reception and transmission. High reliability: The single-layer dielectric substrate design avoids the complexity of the multi-layer structure, reduces the risk of damage, and improves the environmental adaptability and damage resistance of the antenna, which is particularly suitable for applications outdoors or in harsh environments. Compared with traditional multi-layer wide-beam antennas, the present invention achieves wide beams and high bandwidths through a single-layer structure. It has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, reduces production costs, and is suitable for large-scale applications.

[0033] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention, and the application, modification and variation of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and implementation modes. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna, characterized in that: include: A polygonal geometric body (61), wherein the upper surface of the polygonal geometric body (61) is provided with a plane; A single-layer dielectric substrate (11), the single-layer dielectric substrate (11) being located on a plane of the polygonal geometric body (61), and the single-layer dielectric substrate (11) being fixedly connected to the polygonal geometric body (61); A circular ring-shaped radiation patch (21) is attached at the center position of the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate (11), a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the circular ring-shaped radiation patch (21), each feeding point is connected to a feeding branch, and each feeding branch is connected to a lead wire; Wherein, a claw-type coupling patch is attached to each corner of the polygonal geometric body (61).

2. A single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The polygonal geometric body (61) is a terrace-type reflector, a horn-type reflector or a plane reflector.

3. A single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The area of ​​the plane of the polygonal geometric body (61) is a first area value, the area of ​​the end surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate (11) close to the polygonal geometric body (61) is a second area value, and the first area value is greater than the second area value.

4. The single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The claw-type coupling patch comprises a first folding strip, a second folding strip connected to the first folding strip, and an extending branch connected to an end of the first folding strip close to the single-layer dielectric substrate (11) and an end of the second folding strip close to the single-layer dielectric substrate (11).

5. The single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of feeding copper pillars are provided inside the single-layer dielectric substrate (11) at the position of the annular radiation patch (21), and the feeding copper pillars are connected to the feeding branches.

6. A single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Four feeding copper pillars are provided in a single-layer dielectric substrate (11), including a first feeding copper pillar (51), a second feeding copper pillar (52), a third feeding copper pillar (53) and a fourth feeding copper pillar (54), wherein the first feeding copper pillar (51), the second feeding copper pillar (52), the third feeding copper pillar (53) and the fourth feeding copper pillar (54) form a square.

7. The single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four feeding points are arranged on the annular radiation patch (21), including a first feeding point (101), a second feeding point (102), a third feeding point (103) and a fourth feeding point (104).

8. A single-layer wide-beam sky-high antenna as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The first feeding copper pillar (51), the second feeding copper pillar (52), the third feeding copper pillar (53) and the fourth feeding copper pillar (54) provide inputs with a phase difference of 90 degrees for the first feeding point (101), the second feeding point (102), the third feeding point (103) and the fourth feeding point (104), so as to achieve equal amplitudes and phase differences of 90 degrees for the first feeding point (101), the second feeding point (102), the third feeding point (103) and the fourth feeding point (104).

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