Efficient wheat planting device and planting method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient wheat planting device which comprises a supporting rack, a fertilizer bracket, a side blocking shell, a transmission chain, a fertilizer box structure, a seed box structure, a box body protection plate, a rotary tillage wheel, a pedal plate, a connecting frame, an earthing pressing wheel, a grooving wheel, a ladder frame, a traction machine connecting plate and a protection cover body, and the fertilizer bracket is welded to the right side of the upper portion of the supporting rack; the side blocking shells are connected to the front portion and the rear portion of the right side of the lower portion of the supporting rack through bolts correspondingly. According to the efficient wheat planting device and the planting method, plowing, fertilizing, sowing and other work are completed in one-time operation, the efficiency is higher than that of a traditional tillage mode, and the agricultural production efficiency can be greatly improved; during sowing, seeds can be uniformly scattered on a field to achieve a more uniform sowing effect, so that each crop can obtain enough nutrients and growth space, and the planting quality and yield of the crops are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency wheat planting device and a planting method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wheat stalks are erect, clustered, with 6-7 nodes, 60-100 cm high and 5-7 mm in diameter. The leaf sheaths are loosely phimotic, with the lower ones longer than the upper ones and shorter than the internodes; the ligule is membranous, about 1 mm long; the leaves are long lanceolate. The spike inflorescence is erect, 5-10 cm long (except for the awns), 1-1.5 cm wide; the spikelets contain 3-9 florets, and the upper ones are rudimentary; the glume is oval, 6-8 mm long, the main vein has a ridge on the upper back, extending to a tooth about 1 mm long at the top, and the dorsal ridge and top teeth of the lateral veins are not obvious; the lemma is oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, with awns or no awns at the top; the palea is almost the same length as the lemma. Wheat has a history of more than 5,000 years of cultivation in China, and is mainly produced in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces. China's wheat is mainly winter wheat. Wheat is widely grown in China, from south to north, from plains to mountainous areas, and is cultivated in almost all agricultural areas. The planting area and total output of wheat in China are second only to rice, ranking second among China's grain crops. Wheat is the staple food of the people in northern China and has been an important food for nourishing the human body since ancient times.

[0003] Wheat is a monocotyledonous plant of the Poaceae family that is widely grown around the world. It is one of the three major cereals and is almost entirely edible. It can be ground into flour to make bread, steamed buns, noodles and other foods, and fermented to make beer, liquor or biofuel. Wheat originated in West Asia and was later introduced to China, where it gradually replaced foxtail millet and sorghum, becoming the main crop in dryland farming in northern China, forming China's current agricultural production pattern of "rice in the south and wheat in the north". Wheat cultivation in my country has a long history, and wheat sowing is also a very physically demanding task for farmers, because the planting area is wide and the number of plants is large, which consumes a lot of manpower. Fertilization after sowing is also a challenge for farmers, and wheat planting needs to be completed within a certain period of time, otherwise the best period for wheat growth will be missed.

[0004] In addition, the Chinese patent publication number is CN112753303A, and the invention is named as an integrated wheat light planting device and a planting method thereof, wherein the planting device includes a frame, a straw crushing mechanism, a deep plowing and deep tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary blade and a sowing mechanism; the front end of the frame can be detachably connected to a tractor; the straw crushing mechanism, the deep plowing and deep tillage mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism are once arranged on the frame, and the tractor provides power for the above mechanisms; the planting method includes using the above planting device to perform secondary crushing, deep plowing, fertilization, superficial crushing, mixed rotary tillage, and sowing on the harvested corn or rice, and then apply pesticides and fertilizers under specified conditions, and harvest wheat straw and return it to the field. However, the existing wheat planting equipment and planting methods still have the problems of inconvenience in cleaning the straw attached to the surface of the sowing tube, inconvenience in crushing and returning the wheat field straw to the field, and the inability to effectively combine seeds and fertilization.

[0005] In view of this, it is very necessary to invent a highly efficient wheat planting device and a planting method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-efficiency wheat planting device and a planting method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the existing wheat planting equipment and planting methods still have the inconvenience of cleaning the straw attached to the surface of the sowing tube, the inconvenience of crushing and returning the wheat field straw to the field, and the inability to effectively combine seeds and fertilization.

[0007] A highly efficient wheat planting device comprises a support frame, a fertilizer bracket, a side baffle, a transmission chain, a fertilizer box structure, a seed box structure, a box body guard plate, a rotary tillage wheel, a foot pedal, a connecting frame, a soil covering pressure wheel, a slotted wheel, an escalator frame, a traction machine connecting plate and a protective cover body, wherein the fertilizer bracket is welded to the upper right position of the support frame; the side baffle is respectively bolted to the front and rear positions of the lower right side of the support frame; the transmission chain is meshed and connected to the outside of the fertilizer box structure and the seed box structure; the fertilizer box structure is bolted to the upper part of the fertilizer bracket; the seed box structure is bolted to the upper left position of the support frame; the box body guard plate is bolted to Between the seed box structure and the supporting frame; the rotary tillage wheel is bolted to the lower right position of the supporting frame and is located at the lower part of the fertilizer bracket; the foot pedal is bolted to the left side of the supporting frame; the connecting frame is respectively axially connected to the left positions of the front and rear sides of the supporting frame; the soil covering pressure wheel is arranged on the connecting frame and the inner lower position of the connecting frame; the slotted wheel is bolted to the lower part of the supporting frame and is located at the lower part of the seed box structure; the escalator frame is bolted to the upper left side of the supporting frame and is located at the left side of the seed box structure; the traction machine connecting plate is bolted to the right side of the supporting frame; the protective cover is buckled on the upper part of the seed box structure.

[0008] Preferably, the fertilizer box structure includes a fertilizer box body, an inner curved baffle, an outer curved baffle, a connecting pipe and a feeding pipe, wherein the inner curved baffle is riveted to the inner left position of the fertilizer box body; the outer curved baffle is riveted to the inner right position of the fertilizer box body; the connecting pipe is embedded in the lower middle position of the fertilizer box body; and the feeding pipe is threadedly connected to the inside of the connecting pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the seed box structure includes a seed box body, a funnel tube, a soil-breaking foot plate, a cleaning scraper structure and a distribution shaft, the funnel tube is riveted to the lower part of the seed box body and is connected to its interior; the soil-breaking foot plate is welded to the lower end of the funnel tube; the cleaning scraper structure is movably arranged on the outside of the funnel tube and the soil-breaking foot plate; and the distribution shaft is embedded in the lower inner side of the seed box body.

[0010] Preferably, the cleaning scraper structure further comprises a longitudinal telescopic rod, a transverse telescopic rod and a scraper blade, wherein the transverse telescopic rod is screw-connected to the lower left side of the output end of the longitudinal telescopic rod; and the scraper blade is axially connected to the output end of the transverse telescopic rod.

[0011] Preferably, the upper portion of the inner curved baffle is slidably clamped with a regulating valve plate, the inner curved baffle and the outer curved baffle are respectively arranged in a "W" shape, and the inner curved baffle and the outer curved baffle are arranged alternately.

[0012] Preferably, the external key of the distribution shaft is connected to a seeding plate, a plurality of seed receiving grooves are provided inside the seeding plate, and a concave notch is provided on the edge of the seeding plate.

[0013] Preferably, a discharge valve is movably connected to the lower left side of the funnel tube.

[0014] Preferably, the scraping blade is a "V"-shaped iron sheet, inner lining sheets are riveted on both sides of the inner surface of the scraping blade, and cleaning bristles are riveted on the top of the scraping blade.

[0015] Preferably, the soil-breaking foot plate is connected to the interior of the seed box through a funnel tube.

[0016] Preferably, the planting method of the efficient wheat planting device specifically comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Selection of wheat seed varieties;

[0018] Step 2: Pretreatment of wheat seeds;

[0019] Step 3: Usage, dosage and pretreatment of wheat fertilizer;

[0020] Step 4: Rotary tillage of wheat fields;

[0021] Step 5: Sowing of wheat;

[0022] Step 6: Post-care and harvesting of wheat.

[0023] Preferably, in step one, the winter varieties are selected with good yield, drought resistance and water saving, strong comprehensive disease resistance and excellent quality; wherein: barrenness-resistant varieties should be selected for dry and thin land; and drought-resistant and fertilizer-tolerant varieties should be planted in dry and fertile land with thick soil layer and high fertility.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2, the quality of wheat seeds in the seed treatment should meet national standards, including purity ≥99%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥85%, and moisture ≤13%. Seed treatment with chemical agents before sowing is the main measure to prevent underground pests and prevent wheat seed-borne, soil-borne diseases and seedling pests. Efficient and safe fungicides and insecticides should be selected according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, and seeds should be mechanically coated or mixed with a coating machine or seed mixing machine to ensure seed treatment and sowing quality.

[0025] Preferably, in step three, the wheat fertilizer mainly includes the use of basal fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. Basal fertilizer is usually applied before sowing, with an amount of 25-30 kg of urea per mu, or 30-40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu. Seed fertilizer is applied together with seeds at the time of sowing, with 5-10 kg of urea or diammonium phosphate per mu. Topdressing is applied according to the growth stage of wheat, usually during the jointing and heading stages of wheat, with 10-15 kg of urea applied each time. The method of using wheat foliar fertilizer is to apply it by foliar spraying during the critical period of wheat growth, such as the jointing stage, the heading stage and the filling stage. The amount of foliar fertilizer is generally 50-100 grams per mu, and 30-50 kg of water is added for spraying. The use of foliar fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and quality of wheat. The effect of wheat foliar fertilizer is mainly reflected in promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and improving quality. It can provide full element nutrition, enhance wheat's resistance to lodging, and increase yield. By spraying on the leaves, wheat foliar fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops, improving photosynthesis efficiency, thereby increasing yield and improving quality.

[0026] Preferably, in step 4, the rotary tillage wheel function of the device is used to crush and return the remaining straw in the field after the previous crop is harvested. It is required that more than 85% of the straw length after crushing is ≤10cm, and the straw is scattered evenly, so as to achieve "chopping, spreading, burying deep, and compacting"; the soil moisture content suitable for rotary tillage and land preparation is 15% to 25%. The rotary tillage depth should reach more than 12cm, the rotary tillage depth should be consistent, the tillage depth stability should be ≥85%, the surface flatness after tillage should be ≤5%, and the soil crushing rate should be ≥50%. Suppress when necessary to lay the foundation for improving the sowing quality. Deep loosening is performed once every 3 to 4 years to break the plow bottom layer. The depth of deep loosening and land preparation is generally 35 to 40cm, the stability is ≥80%, and the soil bulkiness is ≥40%. After deep loosening, the soil should be moistened in time; the suitable working conditions for tilling and land preparation are: the soil moisture content is 15% to 25%. For the hard stubble of the previous crop, tillage and land preparation are required before wheat sowing. Ploughing and land preparation is a heavy-duty operation that requires the use of large or medium-sized tractors. The tractor power should be selected according to different tillage depths and soil resistance. After ploughing, land preparation should be carried out in a timely manner, requiring the soil to be well-broken and the surface to be flat to meet the requirements for sowing.

[0027] Preferably, in step 5, the wheat seeds of step 2 are added into the seed box, the fertilizers of step 3 are added into the fertilizer box, the traction machine connecting plate is connected to the traction mechanical equipment, and sowing is performed; the machine enters the land to complete the five operation processes of stubble removal, deep loosening, sowing, fertilization, and suppression at one time, wherein the tillage depth of the rotary tiller is adjusted, and the depth of rotary tillage is usually about 12-13 cm, not more than 15 cm; the seeds are evenly distributed in the sowing row, without broken strips or missed sowing, and various operation indicators meet the relevant operation quality requirements. Among them, the coefficient of variation of sowing uniformity is ≤45%, the seed breakage rate is less than ≤1.5% (metal material seeding device) or ≤0.5% (non-metal material seeding device), the sowing depth qualification rate should be ≥75%, and the seed fertilizer spacing qualification rate is ≥90%.

[0028] Preferably, in step 5, the key points of sowing operation technology (i) sowing period. The suitable sowing period is from late September to late October. Follow the principle of "no equal time when there is moisture", appropriately reduce the sowing amount, and sow in advance; when it is dry and rainless, follow the principle of "no equal time when there is moisture", dry sowing and waiting for rain or digging furrows to sow wet, cover the soil and suppress to increase moisture; straw-covered fields can be sown 3 to 5 days in advance. (ii) Sowing amount. Reasonable planting density is one of the main factors to increase the yield per unit area. According to the characteristics of the variety, soil fertility, management level, etc., determine the appropriate planting density and construct a reasonable population structure. The appropriate sowing amount is 12.5 to 13.5 kg / mu. After the appropriate sowing period, the sowing amount per mu increases by 0.6 kg for every 2 to 3 days of sowing postponed. (iii) Sowing depth. Under suitable moisture conditions, the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, sandy land should be deep, clay land should be shallow; poor moisture conditions should be deep, and good moisture conditions should be shallow. Suppress after sowing. (iv) Sowing in suitable moisture conditions. The suitable soil moisture of the tillage layer during wheat sowing is about 75% relative soil moisture content and the suitable ground temperature is 15-20℃. For plots with excessive soil moisture, timely soil moisture dispersion should be carried out to drain the stagnant water in the tillage layer and achieve appropriate soil moisture for sowing. (V) Post-sowing suppression. If there is "stubble rain" after sowing, light raking and fine weeding can be used to break up the compaction and retain moisture. If there is no heavy rain after sowing and the soil is loose, timely rolling can be used to increase moisture and retain moisture; if the rainfall is heavy, timely inter-cultivation and weeding should be carried out after the rain to break up the compaction and store water to retain moisture.

[0029] Preferably, in step six, reasonable irrigation is performed: according to weather and soil moisture conditions, after wintering winter wheat, irrigation is performed once before the minimum temperature is lower than 5°C, and in the second year, irrigation is performed once or twice according to soil moisture when the temperature is above 15°C; real-time grass disease and insect pest control: when the minimum temperature of winter wheat in the next year is greater than or equal to 5°C, pesticide and fertilization drones are used to control weeds and underground pests; foliar fertilizers are applied by fertilizer and pesticide drones during the greening, jointing, heading and filling stages of wheat; wheat is harvested and harvested by a wheat combine harvester after it is fully mature, and the straw is chopped into 0.5-3 cm long using the straw chopping device of the harvester, and evenly scattered on the field surface.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: since the high-efficiency wheat planting device and the planting method of the present invention are widely used in the field of agricultural planting technology; the present invention can complete multiple tasks such as ploughing, fertilizing, and sowing in one operation, which is more efficient than the traditional farming method and can greatly improve the agricultural production efficiency; when sowing, the seeds can be evenly spread on the field to achieve a more uniform sowing effect, so that each crop can get enough nutrients and growth space, thereby improving the planting quality and yield of the crop;

[0031] It can save tedious manual labor and reduce labor intensity. Farmers only need to master simple operating skills to complete multiple farming operations, without the need for a large amount of manpower input like traditional farming methods. The tillage depth stability, soil crushing rate and sowing uniformity are high, which can effectively solve the problem of missing seedlings and broken ridges caused by poor tillage and sowing quality.

[0032] During the sowing process, the longitudinal telescopic rod and the transverse telescopic rod are controlled, and the straw fibers and sundries attached to the surfaces of the funnel tube and the soil-breaking foot plate are cleaned by using the scraper blade, the lining blade and the cleaning brush. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from a top view.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer box structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the seed box structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cleaning blade structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the planting method of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Support frame; 2. Fertilizer bracket; 3. Side baffle; 4. Transmission chain; 5. Fertilizer box structure; 51. Fertilizer box body; 52. Inner curved baffle; 521. Regulating valve plate; 53. Outer curved baffle; 54. Connecting pipe; 55. Discharge pipe; 6. Seed box structure; 61. Seed box body; 62. Funnel tube; 621. Discharge valve; 63. Soil-breaking foot plate; 64. Cleaning scraper structure; 641. Longitudinal telescopic rod; 642. Horizontal telescopic rod; 643. Soil-scraping blade; 6431. Lining plate; 6432. Cleaning brush; 65. Dividing shaft; 651. Seeding disc; 7. Box guard plate; 8. Rotary tillage wheel; 9. Foot pedal; 10. Connecting frame; 11. Soil-covering pressure wheel; 12. Slotting wheel; 13. Ladder frame; 14. Traction machine connecting plate; 15. Protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Example:

[0043] As attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides an efficient wheat planting device, including a support frame 1, a fertilizer bracket 2, a side baffle 3, a transmission chain 4, a fertilizer box structure 5, a seed box structure 6, a box body guard plate 7, a rotary tillage wheel 8, a foot pedal 9, a connecting frame 10, a soil covering pressure wheel 11, a slotted wheel 12, an escalator frame 13, a traction machine connecting plate 14 and a protective cover body 15, wherein the fertilizer bracket 2 is welded to the upper right position of the support frame 1; the side baffle 3 is respectively bolted to the front and rear positions of the lower right side of the support frame 1; the transmission chain 4 is meshed and connected to the outside of the fertilizer box structure 5 and the seed box structure 6; the fertilizer box structure 5 is bolted to the upper part of the fertilizer bracket 2; the seed box structure 6 is bolted to the upper left position of the support frame 1; the box body guard The plate 7 is bolted between the seed box structure 6 and the supporting frame 1; the rotary tillage wheel 8 is bolted to the lower right position of the supporting frame 1 and is located at the lower part of the fertilizer bracket 2; the foot pedal 9 is bolted to the left side of the supporting frame 1; the connecting frame 10 is respectively axially connected to the left positions of the front and rear sides of the supporting frame 1; the soil covering pressure wheel 11 is arranged on the connecting frame 10 and the inner lower position of the connecting frame 10; the slotted wheel 12 is bolted to the lower part of the supporting frame 1 and is located at the lower part of the seed box structure 6; the escalator frame 13 is bolted to the upper left side of the supporting frame 1 and is located on the left side of the seed box structure 6; the traction machine connecting plate 14 is bolted to the right side of the supporting frame 1; the protective cover body 15 is buckled on the upper part of the seed box structure 6.

[0044] In this embodiment, specifically, the fertilizer box structure 5 includes a fertilizer box body 51, an inner curved baffle plate 52, an outer curved baffle plate 53, a connecting pipe 54 and a feeding pipe 55. The inner curved baffle plate 52 is riveted to the inner left position of the fertilizer box body 51; the outer curved baffle plate 53 is riveted to the inner right position of the fertilizer box body 51; the connecting pipe 54 is embedded in the lower middle position of the fertilizer box body 51; and the feeding pipe 55 is threadedly connected to the inside of the connecting pipe 54.

[0045] In this embodiment, specifically, the seed box structure 6 includes a seed box body 61, a funnel tube 62, a soil-breaking foot plate 63, a cleaning blade structure 64 and a distribution shaft 65. The funnel tube 62 is riveted to the lower part of the seed box body 61 and is connected to the interior thereof; the soil-breaking foot plate 63 is welded to the lower end of the funnel tube 62; the cleaning blade structure 64 is movably arranged on the outside of the funnel tube 62 and the soil-breaking foot plate 63; and the distribution shaft 65 is embedded in the lower inner side of the seed box body 61.

[0046] In this embodiment, specifically, the cleaning scraper structure 64 includes a longitudinal telescopic rod 641, a transverse telescopic rod 642 and a scraper blade 643. The transverse telescopic rod 642 is screwed to the lower left side of the output end of the longitudinal telescopic rod 641; the scraper blade 643 is axially connected to the output end of the transverse telescopic rod 642.

[0047] In the present embodiment, specifically, the upper portion of the inner curved baffle plate 52 is slidably clamped with a regulating valve plate 521, and the inner curved baffle plate 52 and the outer curved baffle plate 53 are respectively arranged in a "W" shape, and the inner curved baffle plate 52 and the outer curved baffle plate 53 are arranged alternately with each other.

[0048] In this embodiment, specifically, the external key of the distribution shaft 65 is connected to the seeding plate 651, a plurality of seed receiving grooves are provided inside the seeding plate 651, and a concave notch is provided on the edge of the seeding plate 651.

[0049] In this embodiment, specifically, a discharge valve 621 is movably connected to the lower left side of the funnel tube 62 .

[0050] In this embodiment, specifically, the scraping blade 643 is a "V"-shaped iron sheet, inner linings 6431 are riveted on both sides of the inner surface of the scraping blade 643, and cleaning bristles 6432 are riveted on the top of the scraping blade 643.

[0051] In the present embodiment, specifically, the soil-breaking foot plate 63 is connected to the interior of the seed box 61 through the funnel tube 62 .

[0052] As attached Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, specifically, the planting method of the efficient wheat planting device specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] The specific steps include:

[0054] Step 1: Selection of wheat seed varieties: In step 1, the winter varieties with good yield, drought resistance and water saving, strong comprehensive disease resistance and excellent quality are selected; among them: drought-resistant varieties should be selected for dry and thin land; drought-resistant and fertilizer-tolerant varieties should be planted in dry and fertile land with thick soil layer and high fertility.

[0055] Step 2: Pretreatment of wheat seeds: The quality of wheat seeds in the seed treatment should meet national standards, including purity ≥99%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥85%, and moisture ≤13%. Seed treatment with pesticides before sowing is the main measure to prevent underground pests and prevent wheat seed-borne, soil-borne diseases and seedling pests. Efficient and safe fungicides and insecticides should be selected according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, and seeds should be mechanically coated or mixed with coating machines and seed mixing machines to ensure seed treatment and sowing quality.

[0056] Step 3: Usage, dosage and pretreatment of wheat fertilizer: The wheat fertilizer mainly includes the use of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. Base fertilizer is usually applied before sowing, with a dosage of 25-30 kg of urea per mu, or 30-40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu. Seed fertilizer is applied together with seeds at the time of sowing, with 5-10 kg of urea or diammonium phosphate per mu. Topdressing is applied according to the growth stage of wheat, usually during the jointing and heading stages of wheat, with 10-15 kg of urea applied each time. The method of using wheat foliar fertilizer is to apply it by foliar spraying during the critical period of wheat growth, such as the jointing stage, the heading stage and the filling stage. The dosage of foliar fertilizer is generally 50-100 grams per mu, and it is sprayed with 30-50 kg of water. The use of foliar fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and quality of wheat. The effect of wheat foliar fertilizer is mainly reflected in promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and improving quality. It can provide full element nutrition, enhance wheat's resistance to lodging, and increase yield. By spraying on the leaves, wheat foliar fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops, improving photosynthesis efficiency, thereby increasing yield and improving quality.

[0057] Step 4: Rotary tillage of wheat fields: After the previous crop is harvested, the remaining straw in the field is crushed and returned to the field using the rotary tillage wheel 8 function of the device. It is required that more than 85% of the straw length after crushing is ≤10cm, and it is evenly scattered, so as to achieve "chopping, spreading, burying deep, and compacting"; the soil moisture content suitable for rotary tillage and land preparation is 15% to 25%. The rotary tillage depth should reach more than 12cm, the rotary tillage depth should be consistent, the tillage depth stability should be ≥85%, the surface flatness after tillage should be ≤5%, and the soil crushing rate should be ≥50%. Suppress when necessary to lay the foundation for improving the sowing quality. Deep loosening is performed once every 3 to 4 years to break the plow bottom layer. The depth of deep loosening and land preparation is generally 35 to 40cm, the stability is ≥80%, and the soil bulkiness is ≥40%. After deep loosening, the soil should be combined in time; the suitable working conditions for tilling and land preparation are: soil moisture content is 15% to 25%. For the hard stubble of the previous crop, tillage and land preparation are required before wheat sowing. Ploughing and land preparation is a heavy-duty operation that requires the use of large or medium-sized tractors. The tractor power should be selected according to different tillage depths and soil resistance. After ploughing, land preparation should be carried out in a timely manner, requiring the soil to be well-broken and the surface to be flat to meet the requirements for sowing.

[0058] Step 5: sowing of wheat: add the wheat seeds in step 2 into the seed box 61, add the fertilizer in step 3 into the fertilizer box 51, connect the traction machine connecting plate 14 with the traction mechanical equipment, and sow; the machine enters the land to complete the five operation processes of stubble removal, deep loosening, sowing, fertilization, and suppression at one time, wherein the tillage depth of the rotary tiller is adjusted, and the depth of rotary tillage is usually about 12-13 cm, not more than 15 cm; the seeds are evenly distributed in the sowing row, without broken strips or missed sowing, and various operation indicators meet the relevant operation quality requirements. Among them, the coefficient of variation of sowing uniformity is ≤45%, the seed breakage rate is less than ≤1.5% (metal material seed metering device) or ≤0.5% (non-metal material seed metering device), the sowing depth qualification rate should be ≥75%, and the seed fertilizer spacing qualification rate is ≥90%.

[0059] In this implementation scheme, specifically, in step five, the key points of sowing operation technology (i) sowing period. The suitable sowing period is from late September to late October. Follow the principle of "no equal time when there is moisture", appropriately reduce the sowing amount, and sow in advance; when it is dry and rainless, follow the principle of "no equal time when there is moisture", dry sowing and waiting for rain or digging furrows to sow wet, cover the soil and press to increase moisture; straw-covered fields can be sown 3 to 5 days in advance. (ii) Sowing amount. Reasonable planting density is one of the main factors to increase the yield per unit area. According to the characteristics of the variety, soil fertility, management level, etc., determine the appropriate planting density and construct a reasonable population structure. The appropriate sowing amount is 12.5-13.5 kg / mu. After the appropriate sowing period, the sowing amount per mu increases by 0.6 kg for every 2-3 days of sowing postponed. (iii) Sowing depth. Under suitable moisture conditions, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, sandy soil should be deep, clay soil should be shallow; poor moisture conditions should be deep, and good moisture conditions should be shallow. Press after sowing. (iv) Sowing in suitable moisture conditions. The suitable soil moisture of the tillage layer during wheat sowing is about 75% relative soil moisture content and the suitable ground temperature is 15-20℃. For plots with excessive soil moisture, timely soil moisture dispersion should be carried out to drain the stagnant water in the tillage layer and achieve appropriate soil moisture for sowing. (V) Post-sowing suppression. If there is "stubble rain" after sowing, light raking and fine weeding can be used to break up the compaction and retain moisture. If there is no heavy rain after sowing and the soil is loose, timely rolling can be used to increase moisture and retain moisture; if the rainfall is heavy, timely inter-cultivation and weeding should be carried out after the rain to break up the compaction and store water to retain moisture.

[0060] Step 6: Post-care and harvesting of wheat: Reasonable irrigation: According to the weather and soil moisture conditions, irrigate once before the minimum temperature drops below 5°C after wintering winter wheat, and irrigate once or twice in the second year when the temperature is above 15°C depending on soil moisture; Real-time grass disease and insect pest control: When the minimum temperature of winter wheat in the next year is greater than or equal to 5°C, use pesticide and fertilization drones to control weeds and underground pests; Use fertilizer and pesticide drones to apply foliar fertilizers during the greening, jointing, heading and filling stages of wheat; Harvest wheat, and after the wheat is fully mature, use a wheat combine harvester to harvest it, and use the straw chopping device on the harvester to chop the wheat straw into 0.5-3cm long, and evenly spread it on the field surface.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient wheat planting device, characterized in that: The high-efficiency wheat planting device comprises a support frame (1), a fertilizer bracket (2), a side baffle (3), a transmission chain (4), a fertilizer box structure (5), a seed box structure (6), a box body guard plate (7), a rotary tillage wheel (8), a foot pedal (9), a connecting frame (10), a soil covering wheel (11), a slotted wheel (12), an escalator frame (13), a traction machine connecting plate (14) and a protective cover (15). The fertilizer bracket (2) is welded to the support frame. The support frame (1) is located at the upper right side; the side baffle shell (3) is respectively bolted to the front and rear positions of the lower right side of the support frame (1); the transmission chain (4) is meshedly connected to the outer sides of the fertilizer box structure (5) and the seed box structure (6); the fertilizer box structure (5) is bolted to the upper part of the fertilizer bracket (2); the seed box structure (6) is bolted to the upper left side of the support frame (1); the box body guard plate ( 7) is bolted between the seed box structure (6) and the support frame (1); the rotary tiller wheel (8) is bolted to the right side of the lower part of the support frame (1) and is located at the lower part of the fertilizer bracket (2); the foot pedal (9) is bolted to the left side of the support frame (1); the connecting frame (10) is respectively axially connected to the left positions of the front and rear sides of the support frame (1); the soil covering pressure wheel (11) is arranged at the inner lower position of the connecting frame (10) and the connecting frame (10); the slotted wheel (12) is bolted to the lower part of the support frame (1) and is located at the lower part of the seed box structure (6); the escalator frame (13) is bolted to the left side of the upper part of the support frame (1) and is located at the left side of the seed box structure (6); the traction machine connecting plate (14) is respectively bolted to the right side of the support frame (1); and the protective cover body (15) is buckled on the upper part of the seed box structure (6).

2. The efficient wheat planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer box structure (5) comprises a fertilizer box body (51), an inner curved baffle (52), an outer curved baffle (53), a connecting pipe (54) and a feeding pipe (55), wherein the inner curved baffle (52) is riveted to the left inner position of the fertilizer box body (51); the outer curved baffle (53) is riveted to the right inner position of the fertilizer box body (51); the connecting pipe (54) is embedded in the middle position of the lower part of the fertilizer box body (51); and the feeding pipe (55) is threadedly connected to the inside of the connecting pipe (54).

3. The efficient wheat planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed box structure (6) comprises a seed box body (61), a funnel tube (62), a soil-breaking foot plate (63), a cleaning blade structure (64) and a distribution shaft (65), wherein the funnel tube (62) is riveted to the lower part of the seed box body (61) and is connected to the interior thereof; the soil-breaking foot plate (63) is welded to the lower end of the funnel tube (62); the cleaning blade structure (64) is movably arranged outside the funnel tube (62) and the soil-breaking foot plate (63); and the distribution shaft (65) is embedded in the lower inner side of the seed box body (61).

4. The efficient wheat planting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning scraper structure (64) further comprises a longitudinal telescopic rod (641), a transverse telescopic rod (642) and a scraper blade (643); the transverse telescopic rod (642) is screw-connected to the lower left side of the output end of the longitudinal telescopic rod (641); and the scraper blade (643) is axially connected to the output end of the transverse telescopic rod (642).

5. The efficient wheat planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper part of the inner curved baffle plate (52) is slidably engaged with a regulating valve plate (521), the inner curved baffle plate (52) and the outer curved baffle plate (53) are respectively arranged in a "W" shape, and the inner curved baffle plate (52) and the outer curved baffle plate (53) are arranged alternately.

6. The efficient wheat planting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scraper blade (643) is a "V"-shaped iron sheet, and inner lining sheets (6431) are riveted on both sides of the inner surface of the scraper blade (643), and cleaning bristles (6432) are riveted on the top of the scraper blade (643).

7. The planting method of the efficient wheat planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Selection of wheat seed varieties; Step 2: Pretreatment of wheat seeds; Step 3: Usage, dosage and pretreatment of wheat fertilizer; Step 4: Rotary tillage of wheat fields; Step 5: Sowing of wheat; Step 6: Post-care and harvesting of wheat.

8. The efficient wheat planting device and planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step one, the winter varieties with good yield, drought resistance and water conservation, strong comprehensive disease resistance and excellent quality are selected; among them, barren-resistant varieties should be selected in dry and thin land; drought-resistant and fertilizer-tolerant varieties should be planted in dry and fertile land with thick soil layer and high fertility.

9. The efficient wheat planting device and planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the seed treatment includes wheat seed quality meeting national standards, wherein purity ≥99%, cleanliness ≥(98)%, germination rate ≥85%, and moisture ≤13%; seed treatment with chemical agents before sowing is the main measure for controlling underground pests and preventing wheat seed-borne, soil-borne diseases, and seedling diseases and insect pests.

10. The efficient wheat planting device and planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 5, the wheat seeds in step 2 are added into the seed box (61), the fertilizers in step 3 are added into the fertilizer box (51), and the traction machine connecting plate (14) is connected to the traction machine equipment to start sowing; the machine enters the field to complete the stubble removal, deep loosening, sowing, fertilizing, and pressing (5) operation procedures at one time, wherein the tillage depth of the rotary tiller is adjusted, and the rotary tillage depth is usually about 12-13 cm and does not exceed 15 cm; the seeds are evenly distributed in the sowing row, without broken strips or missed sowing, and various operation indicators meet the relevant operation quality requirements. The sowing uniformity variation coefficient is ≤45%, the seed breakage rate is less than ≤1.5% (metal material seeding device) or ≤0.5% (non-metal material seeding device), the sowing depth qualification rate should be ≥75%, and the seed fertilizer spacing qualification rate is ≥90%.

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