Method for manufacturing ecological floating island by using urban garbage

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an ecological floating island by using urban garbage, the ecological floating island is composed of one or more ecological floating island single bodies, the floating island single bodies are provided with vertically extending circular planting holes, the planting holes account for 20%-40% of the volume of the floating island single bodies, the depth of the planting holes is 100-150mm, and the planting holes are communicated with the ecological floating island single bodies. The planting holes are filled with plant growth matrixes for planting floating island plants, and the filling thickness of the growth matrixes is 80-130 mm; when the number of the ecological floating island single bodies is at least two, the front side face and the rear side face of each ecological floating island single body are provided with tongue-and-groove concave joints in the length direction, and the left side face and the right side face of each ecological floating island single body are provided with tongue-and-groove flanges matched with the tongue-and-groove concave joints in the length direction. The adjacent ecological floating island single bodies arranged side by side are spliced through the tongue-and-groove flanges and the tongue-and-groove concave joints. The arrangement of the clamping grooves can prevent the floating island monomers in the ecological floating island from generating relative displacement, the internal structure of the ecological floating island formed by the floating island monomers can be stable by matching with the rabbets, and the coating of the waterproof paint can effectively prevent the clamping groove connecting pieces from being corroded and oxidized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of civil engineering material manufacturing, water purification, ecological restoration and water surface landscaping, and more specifically to a method for making an ecological floating island using urban garbage. Background Art

[0002] The large amount of non-organic urban waste generated during resource extraction, processing and facility construction has become one of the constraints on the effective development of related industries. These non-organic urban wastes are difficult to biodegrade, and passive stacking not only occupies a large amount of land, but also brings a series of environmental problems such as aggravated engineering disasters, water pollution, vegetation destruction, desertification, etc.; the heavy metal ions in them may also invade the environment, expand the polluted area, seriously aggravate environmental pollution and even endanger human health. Therefore, the utilization of the useful components contained in non-organic urban waste is not only a major issue in reducing environmental pollution, but also a major issue in the rational use of resources.

[0003] On the other hand, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has created a lot of pressure on urban water bodies. Although the implementation of sewage interception and drainage projects has effectively controlled point source pollution, urban water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers still receive a large amount of nutrients and organic matter due to surface runoff and other reasons, which leads to eutrophication of water bodies, massive reproduction of phytoplankton, and even black and smelly water bodies, which seriously affects the overall environmental quality of urban landscape rivers. Therefore, the technology of repairing polluted water bodies based on the purpose of removing pollutants from water bodies and protecting biodiversity has received more and more attention. Among them, ecological floating islands, as an economical and sustainable pollutant control technology based on the self-purification of water bodies, have been increasingly widely used in urban water body repair because of their simple structure, no sludge, no risk of clogging, no need for startup time, no energy consumption, no odor or toxic byproducts, and stable effluent pH value.

[0004] However, the existing ecological floating islands still have the following defects in structure and operation:

[0005] (1) Insufficient environmental protection and prone to secondary pollution

[0006] Existing ecological floating islands are mostly made of plastic floats processed by blow molding, which consumes a lot of energy and non-renewable resources during the processing and releases greenhouse gases. Plastic floats have poor chemical stability and mechanical properties, and are easily oxidized and decomposed by ultraviolet radiation, high temperature and humidity, forming microplastic pollution in the water.

[0007] (2) Insufficient structural stability

[0008] Traditional floating islands are connected only by ropes or plastic clips, and are easily overturned or disintegrated when subjected to rainstorm runoff, wind and wave impacts, or external mechanical collisions.

[0009] (3) Limited processing capacity

[0010] The floating bodies of traditional floating islands are closed-cell plastics, which are hollow and only serve as floats. Water purification is only completed by the roots of aquatic plants in the planting holes. Moreover, in order to ensure that the floating island has sufficient buoyancy, the size of the planting holes for plant growth in traditional floating bodies is generally only about 30% of the floating body area, which not only has limited landscape effects, but also further limits the water body restoration capacity of traditional floating islands.

[0011] (4) Treatment efficiency is significantly affected by climate change

[0012] In low-temperature seasons, the growth of floating island plants stagnates or enters a period of decline, and the growth activity of microorganisms attached to the rhizomes is also inhibited, resulting in a serious decline in the efficiency of traditional ecological floating island restoration. In the hot summer season, the traditional plastic floating board blocks the diffusion of oxygen in the air into the water, making it easier for the water body to present anoxic and reducing environmental conditions. When the regulatory function of the plant body is exceeded, the stomata of the floating island plants will be closed, the photosynthesis capacity will decrease, the leaves of the plants will turn yellow, and even wither and die.

[0013] Therefore, in view of the common problems of small water environment capacity, weak water self-purification ability, slow nutrient output, easy accumulation in water bodies, and high risk of water quality deterioration and algal bloom in urban water bodies, it is urgent to break through the floating materials and structures used in traditional floating islands, further improve the treatment efficiency of ecological floating islands, and expand the application scope of ecological floating islands.

[0014] For the above reasons, the present invention is based on the concept of circular economy and secondary utilization of resources. By using urban garbage to prepare floating island monomers, the invented floating body not only has a floating function, but also can adsorb pollutants in the water body and serve as a microbial filler bed, thereby effectively improving the treatment efficiency of the ecological floating island. The present invention gives full play to the stable chemical properties and excellent mechanical properties of non-organic urban garbage, making the prepared floating structure more stable, resistant to aging and deformation, and excellent in thermal insulation performance, expanding the application scope of the ecological floating island, so that the ecological floating island can play a greater role in urban water management. More importantly, the present invention can effectively save non-renewable energy, reduce carbon emissions, promote the comprehensive utilization and resource utilization of toxic and harmful urban garbage, reduce environmental load and damage to the environment caused by solid waste; the ecological materials produced are used for environmental protection, reducing the cost of ecological materials. Summary of the invention

[0015] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological floating island made of urban garbage and a preparation method thereof.

[0016] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0017] An ecological floating island made of urban garbage is composed of one or more ecological floating island units. The floating island units are provided with vertically extending circular planting holes, which account for 20%-40% of the volume of the floating island units, have a depth of 100-150 mm, and are filled with plant growth substrates for planting floating island plants, with a filling thickness of 80-130 mm. When there are at least two ecological floating island units, the front and rear sides of the ecological floating island units are provided with tongue-and-groove grooves along the length direction, and the left and right sides are provided with tongue-and-groove flanges matched with the tongue-and-groove grooves along the length direction. Adjacent ecological floating island units placed side by side are spliced ​​by the tongue-and-groove flanges and the tongue-and-groove grooves. A card slot is also included, which is a metal straight-through card slot coated with an environmentally friendly waterproof coating, and the card slot is divided into a two-connected card slot, a three-connected card slot, and a four-connected card slot, which are respectively used to connect two floating island units placed side by side, three floating island units placed vertically, and four floating island units placed vertically.

[0018] The clamping slots are all provided with screw holes for screws coated with waterproof coating to pass through.

[0019] The plant growth matrix comprises: coal gangue, accounting for 80-85% of the matrix weight; steel slag, accounting for 1-10% of the matrix weight; municipal dried sludge, accounting for 1-10% of the matrix weight; and rice husk ash, accounting for 1-10% of the matrix weight.

[0020] The floating island monomer is composed of the following components: a grid former, an oxygen carrier, a solubilizing agent and a foaming agent, wherein the grid former, the oxygen carrier, the solubilizing agent and the foaming agent are all non-organic urban waste; the grid former is non-organic urban waste containing amorphous SiO2, and its total mass is not less than 65% of the total mass of the floating island monomer material; the oxygen carrier is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, cerium oxide or nickel oxide; the solubilizing agent is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and its total mass is not less than 9% of the total mass of the non-organic urban waste; the foaming agent is non-organic urban waste containing carbonate, and its total mass is not less than 65% of the total mass of the non-organic urban waste.

[0021] Preferably, the non-organic urban waste includes industrial solid waste and non-organic urban domestic waste; the industrial solid waste refers to non-organic solid waste generated during industrial production and processing, including chemical waste residues, tailings, and industrial water treatment sludge.

[0022] Preferably, the non-organic urban waste may include harmful heavy metals such as lead, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury.

[0023] Preferably, the chemical waste residue includes alkaline slag, boron slag, glass waste residue, ceramic waste residue, fly ash, smelting waste residue, slag, coal gangue and industrial dust; the tailings include ferrous metal tailings, non-ferrous metal tailings and non-metallic mineral tailings; the ferrous metal tailings include iron tailings, manganese tailings and chromium tailings; the non-ferrous metal tailings include copper tailings and lead-zinc tailings; the non-metallic mineral tailings include limestone tailings, marble tailings, kaolin tailings, quartzite tailings, granite tailings, talc tailings, asbestos tailings, diatomaceous earth tailings, bentonite tailings, perlite tailings, vermiculite tailings, mica tailings and bauxite tailings.

[0024] Preferably, the non-organic urban domestic waste includes construction waste, discarded batteries, discarded glass products, and waste light bulbs.

[0025] Preferably, the construction waste refers to mineral waste generated during construction activities, containing a small amount of impurities, including cement, bricks, glass, and gypsum.

[0026] The floating island monomer in the present invention has a porosity greater than 85% and a density less than 0.39 g / cm 3 , the elastic modulus is in the range of 400-690MPa, and the flexural strength is in the range of 0.53-1.33MPa.

[0027] A method for preparing an ecological floating island made of urban garbage includes preparing a floating island monomer, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0028] (5) grinding a non-organic municipal waste mixture into a powder of 50-100 μm; in the mixture, the mass fraction of amorphous SiO2 is 81%-98%, the mass fraction of carbonate is 9%-14%, the mass fraction of oxygen carrier is 0.25%-4%, the mass fraction of co-solvent is 8%-11%, and the mass fraction of heavy metal is not higher than 4%;

[0029] (6) The powder obtained in step (1) was mixed with 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4 and added to a blender. The mixture was homogenized at 100 rpm for 3 minutes and then at 300 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0030] (7) pouring the slurry obtained in step (2) into a stainless steel mold and placing it in an environment of 20-40° C. and saturated relative humidity for 3 hours; the height of the slurry is no more than 15% of the height of the stainless steel mold;

[0031] (8) placing the mold in step (3) into a kiln, heating the kiln to 700-1000° C. at a rate of 15-25° C. / min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 hours; cooling the kiln to room temperature, and then demolding the kiln to obtain a floating island monomer.

[0032] Preferably, the thickness of the stainless steel mold is 150 mm-300 mm; the bottom of the stainless steel mold is a convex mold to form a planting hole, and the planting hole is filled with a floating island plant growth matrix.

[0033] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0034] 1. The setting of the card slot can prevent the relative displacement of the floating island units in the ecological floating island. With the tongue and groove, the internal structure of the ecological floating island composed of the floating island units can be stable. The coating of waterproof coating can effectively prevent the card slot connectors from being corroded and oxidized, thereby extending the service life of the floating island.

[0035] 2. According to GB / T 17219-1998 standard, the floating island monomer was immersed in the water for 30 days. The results showed that the heavy metal ion dissolution of the floating island monomer prepared by the present invention was lower than the Class IV water limit of the surface water environment management standard. Therefore, the floating island monomer and combined floating island prepared by the present invention can be safely used to improve the water environment of Class IV-V water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Attached Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a floating island monomer of the present invention;

[0037] Attached Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of the card slot of the present invention;

[0038] Attached Figure 3 A three-dimensional image of the ecological floating island after the assembly of the present invention;

[0039] Attached Figure 4 The morphology of the ecological floating island monomer prepared by the present invention under an optical microscope;

[0040] Attached Figure 5 Heavy metal dissolution rate of the floating island monomer part embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3The ecological floating island made of urban garbage shown in the figure includes at least one floating island unit 1, and a vertically extending circular planting hole 2 is opened on the upper side of the floating island unit for planting plants. The planting hole accounts for 20%-40% of the volume of the floating island unit, which can further reduce the weight of the floating island unit and ensure its strength. The planting hole is filled with a plant growth matrix for planting floating island plants. The growth matrix filling thickness is 80-130mm, including coal gangue, accounting for 80-85% of the weight of the matrix; steel slag, accounting for 1-10% of the weight of the matrix; municipal dried sludge, accounting for 1-10% of the weight of the matrix; rice husk ash, accounting for 1-10% of the weight of the matrix.

[0044] A tongue-and-groove seam 3 is provided along the length direction of one side edge of the floating island unit, and a tongue-and-groove flange 4 matching the tongue-and-groove seam is provided along the length direction of the other side edge, ensuring that adjacent floating island units can be spliced ​​together through the tongue-and-groove flange and the tongue-and-groove seam, with a stable structure and flexible and convenient installation.

[0045] When there are at least two floating island units, each floating island unit can be connected by Figure 3 The scheme shown is connected as a whole. The buoyancy of the ecological floating island is formed by the sum of the buoyancy of each independent floating island monomer, thereby increasing the total buoyancy of the ecological floating island. At the same time, the integrated structure formed by connecting multiple floating island monomers can increase the buffering force of the floating island, thereby increasing the wind and wave resistance of the floating island.

[0046] The card slot 5 is as Figure 2 As shown, there are 2-connected slots, 3-connected slots and 4-connected slots, and the slot width is 50-100mm, which are used to connect 2 floating island units placed side by side, three floating island units placed vertically or four floating island units. The slots are provided with screw holes for screws coated with waterproof coating to pass through. On the one hand, the screws can increase the structural stability and bonding strength when multiple floating island units are connected, and on the other hand, they can be used to fix the assembled floating island to the shore or the bottom of the water body.

[0047] The floating islands have a low density, high buoyancy and a stable structure, so they can have a large load-bearing capacity. Maintenance personnel can plant plants and carry out various tasks such as post-maintenance on the floating islands, and large plants can be planted, thereby achieving plant diversity on the floating islands and obtaining good landscape effects. They can also become habitats for various animals, which is conducive to the establishment of a micro-environmental ecosystem, and can also enable the combined floating islands to have better wind and wave resistance. In addition, since the roots of the floating island plants spread throughout the floating island structure and the thermal conductivity of the floating island monomer is extremely low, they can play a role in heat preservation, improve the cold resistance of the floating island plants, and safely spend the winter.

[0048] The grid former, oxygen carrier, co-solvent and foaming agent of the floating island monomer are all non-organic urban garbage.

[0049] Specifically, as a preference, the grid-forming body is non-organic urban garbage containing amorphous SiO2, and its total mass is not less than 65% of the total mass of the floating island monomer material.

[0050] Specifically, preferably, the oxygen carrier is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, cerium oxide or nickel oxide.

[0051] Specifically, as a preference, the co-solvent is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and the total mass of the co-solvent is not less than 9% of the total mass of the non-organic urban waste.

[0052] Specifically, preferably, the foaming agent is carbonate-containing non-organic urban waste, and the total mass of the foaming agent is not less than 65% of the total mass of the non-organic urban waste.

[0053] Specifically, preferably, the non-organic urban waste includes industrial solid waste and non-organic urban domestic waste.

[0054] Specifically, as a preference, the non-organic urban waste may include harmful heavy metals such as lead, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury.

[0055] Specifically, as a preference, the industrial solid waste refers to non-organic solid waste generated during industrial production and processing, including chemical waste residues, tailings, industrial water treatment sludge, etc.

[0056] Specifically, as a preference, the chemical waste residue includes alkali residue, boron residue, glass waste residue, ceramic waste residue, fly ash, smelting waste residue, furnace slag, coal gangue, and industrial dust.

[0057] Specifically, preferably, the tailings include ferrous metal tailings, non-ferrous metal tailings and non-metallic mineral tailings.

[0058] Specifically, preferably, the ferrous metal tailings include iron tailings, manganese tailings and chromium tailings.

[0059] Specifically, preferably, the non-ferrous metal tailings include copper tailings and lead-zinc tailings.

[0060] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the non-metallic mineral tailings are limestone tailings, marble tailings, kaolin tailings, quartzite tailings, granite tailings, talc tailings, asbestos tailings, diatomaceous earth tailings, bentonite tailings, perlite tailings, vermiculite tailings, mica tailings, and bauxite tailings.

[0061] Specifically, as a preference, the non-organic urban domestic waste includes construction waste, discarded batteries, discarded glass products, and waste light bulbs.

[0062] Specifically, as a preference, the construction waste refers to mineral waste generated during construction activities, containing a small amount of impurities, including cement, bricks, glass, gypsum, and the like.

[0063] The floating island monomer in the present invention has a porosity greater than 85% and a density less than 0.39 g / cm 3 , the elastic modulus is in the range of 400-690MPa, and the flexural strength is in the range of 0.53-1.33MPa.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] A method for preparing an ecological floating island made of urban garbage, including the preparation of a floating island monomer, is as follows: Grind waste glass into a powder of 100-200 μm, mix it with a 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4, add it to a mixer, homogenize it at 100 rpm for 3 minutes, and then homogenize it at 300 rpm for 5 minutes. Pour the resulting slurry into a stainless steel mold and place it in an environment of 25°C and saturated relative humidity for 12 hours. Put the mold into a kiln, heat it to 700°C at 15°C / min, keep it warm for 90 minutes, stop heating and keep the kiln closed, and after the temperature in the furnace cools to room temperature, take out the mold and demold it to obtain a floating island monomer.

[0066] Embodiment 3

[0067] A method for preparing an ecological floating island made of urban garbage, including the preparation of a floating island monomer, is as follows: waste glass and blast furnace slag are ground into a powder of 100-250 μm at a mass ratio of 8:2, mixed with a 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4, and added to a mixer, homogenized at 120 rpm for 5 minutes, and then homogenized at 300 rpm for 5 minutes. The resulting slurry is poured into a stainless steel mold and placed in an environment of 45°C and saturated relative humidity for 24 hours. The mold is placed in a kiln, heated to 900°C at 10°C / min, kept warm for 180 minutes, then the heating is stopped and the kiln is kept closed. After the temperature in the furnace cools to room temperature, the mold is taken out and cooled and demolded to obtain a floating island monomer.

[0068] Embodiment 4

[0069] A method for preparing an ecological floating island made of urban garbage, including the preparation of a floating island monomer, is as follows: waste glass and fly ash are ground into a powder of 100-200 μm at a mass ratio of 7:3, mixed with a 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4, and added to a mixer, homogenized at 80 rpm for 5 minutes, and then homogenized at 400 rpm for 5 minutes. The resulting slurry is poured into a stainless steel mold and placed in an environment of 35°C and saturated relative humidity for 12 hours. The mold is placed in a kiln, heated to 850°C at 15°C / min and kept warm for 120 minutes, the heating is stopped and the kiln is kept closed, and after the temperature in the furnace cools to room temperature, the mold is taken out and cooled and demolded to obtain a floating island monomer.

[0070] Floating island monomer production example 4

[0071] Ceramic waste, converter slag and municipal sludge were ground into 50-100 μm powder at a mass ratio of 7:2:1, mixed with 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4, added to the mixer, homogenized at 100 rpm for 10 minutes, and then homogenized at 300 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting slurry was poured into a stainless steel mold and placed in an environment of 55°C and saturated relative humidity for 24 hours. The mold was placed in a kiln, heated to 700°C at 8°C / min and kept warm for 90 minutes, the heating was stopped and the kiln was kept closed. After the temperature in the furnace cooled to room temperature, the mold was removed and cooled and demolded to obtain a floating island monomer.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for making an ecological floating island using urban garbage, characterized in that: The preparation of the floating island monomer comprises the following steps: (1) grinding a non-organic municipal waste mixture into a powder of 50-100 μm; in the mixture, the mass fraction of amorphous SiO2 is 81%-98%, the mass fraction of carbonate is 9%-14%, the mass fraction of oxygen carrier is 0.25%-4%, the mass fraction of co-solvent is 8%-11%, and the mass fraction of heavy metal is not higher than 4%; (2) The powder obtained in step (1) was mixed with 4 mol / L NaOH solution at a mass ratio of 1:4 and added to a blender. The mixture was homogenized at 100 rpm for 3 minutes and then at 300 rpm for 5 minutes. (3) pouring the slurry obtained in step (2) into a stainless steel mold and placing it in an environment of 20-40° C. and saturated relative humidity for 3 hours; the height of the slurry is no more than 15% of the height of the stainless steel mold; (4) placing the mold in step (3) into a kiln, heating the kiln to 700-1000° C. at a rate of 15-25° C. / min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 hours; cooling the kiln to room temperature, and then demolding the kiln to obtain a floating island monomer; Wherein, the oxygen carrier is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, cerium oxide or nickel oxide; the co-solvent is non-organic urban waste containing at least one of sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and the total mass thereof is not less than 9% of the total mass of the non-organic urban waste; The ecological floating island is composed of one or more ecological floating island units; when there are at least two floating island units, the floating island units are connected as a whole through slots.

2. The method for making an ecological floating island using urban garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the stainless steel mold is 150mm-300mm; the bottom of the stainless steel mold is a convex mold to form a planting hole, and the planting hole is filled with a floating island plant growth matrix.

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