A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material and its preparation method. The technical solution comprises the following steps: impregnating carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol, pressurizing the impregnation, and drying to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder; uniformly mixing the modified carbonized rice husk powder, boron carbide micropowder, and vanadium pentoxide micropowder, and heat-treating the mixture to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing forsterite powder, mixture A, silica micropowder, magnesium oxide micropowder, polyvinyl alcohol solution, and nano-manganese ferrite powder to obtain a mixture B; and pressing and forming the mixture B. The mixture is then heat-treated at 800-900°C for 1-2 hours under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and then at 1100-1300°C for 2-4 hours to obtain the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material. The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared by the present invention exhibits high thermal conductivity, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, high compressive strength, and good cyclic stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials and specifically relates to a forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of economic globalization and the continuous growth of population, the demand and supply of energy continue to increase. However, the non-renewable characteristics of traditional fossil energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as environmental pollution problems, make the development of sustainable renewable energy a top priority. Although solar energy resources are abundant, their utilization is restricted by factors such as geography, seasons, day and night, and weather changes, and exhibits characteristics such as intermittent and instability. Sensible heat storage technology utilizes the high specific heat of solid thermal storage materials to store and release thermal energy through the changes in thermal energy during the process of increasing and decreasing the temperature of the material itself. The selection of solid thermal storage materials mainly considers the photothermal conversion efficiency, heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity, high temperature stability, thermal shock stability, etc. Those skilled in the art have conducted in-depth research on this:

[0003] The patented technology "A forsterite-based solar thermal storage ceramic and its preparation method and application (CN202310513313.6)" has the advantages of high strength and high thermal storage density, but has the problems of low thermal conductivity and low photothermal conversion capacity.

[0004] The patented technology "A silicon carbide-based ceramic heat storage body and its preparation method (CN202310513313.6)" generates forsterite in situ on the surface of silicon carbide. The prepared composite ceramic heat storage body has high specific heat and good thermal conductivity, but the radiation-absorption capacity of this material is low, which limits its application in the field of solar thermal storage.

[0005] The patented technology "A new type of high-efficiency composite heat storage body and its preparation method (CN202111214375.4)" physically encapsulates the phase change medium in large-sized pores of silicon carbide to prepare a sensible heat-specific heat composite heat storage body. Although this improves the heat storage capacity of the composite material, the composite material has problems such as low thermal conductivity and poor cycle stability.

[0006] The patented technology "A preparation method for honeycomb ceramic heat storage material (CN201710775785.3)" mainly uses bauxite and kyanite as the main raw materials, and adopts an extrusion molding method to prepare a honeycomb ceramic heat storage body. Although this heat storage body has a large heat exchange area and high heat storage efficiency, it has low compressive strength and low photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0007] In summary, existing high-temperature thermal storage materials have the following technical defects: low thermal conductivity, low photothermal conversion efficiency, low compressive strength and poor cycle stability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the technical defects of the prior art and has the purpose of providing a method for preparing a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material. The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared by this method has high thermal conductivity, high photothermal conversion rate, high compressive strength and good cycle stability.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the specific steps of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are:

[0010] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 160-180° C. and a pressure of 1.1-1.7 MPa for 40-60 minutes, and then dry at 100-110° C. for 10-12 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0011] Step 2: Evenly mix 95-97 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 1-2 wt% of boron carbide fine powder, and 2-3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide fine powder, and heat-treat the mixture at 600-700° C. for 2-4 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0012] Step 3: Evenly mix 50-70 wt% of forsterite powder, 10-20 wt% of mixture A, 5-10 wt% of silicon powder, 5-10 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 5-7 wt% of a 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and 3-5 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain mixture B.

[0013] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape under 80-100 MPa, heat treat the green body at 800-900°C for 1-2 h in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and then heat treat it at 1100-1300°C for 2-4 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0014] The particle size of the carbonized rice husk powder is less than 0.088 mm; the chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 20-40wt%, SiO2 is 20-40wt%, and the ignition loss is 50-60wt%.

[0015] The average particle size of the silica sol is 8 to 25 nm; the chemical composition of the silica sol is: the content of SiO2 is greater than 25.50 wt%, the content of Na2O is less than 0.35 wt%; and the pH of the silica sol is 8.5 to 9.5.

[0016] The particle size of the boron carbide powder is 2-4 μm; the B4C content of the boron carbide powder is greater than 99.9 wt%.

[0017] The particle size of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is 2-4 μm; the V2O5 content of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is greater than 99 wt%.

[0018] The particle size of the forsterite powder is less than 0.088 mm; the chemical composition of the forsterite powder is: SiO2 content greater than 45wt%, MgO content greater than 45wt%, Fe2O3 content less than 8wt%, and the content of other impurities less than 0.2wt%.

[0019] The particle size of the silicon micropowder is less than 35 μm; the SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is greater than 95.0 wt%.

[0020] The particle size of the magnesium oxide fine powder is 1 to 10 μm; the MgO content of the magnesium oxide is greater than 99.9 wt%.

[0021] The particle size of the nano manganese ferrite powder is 60-100 nm; the MnFe2O4 content of the nano manganese ferrite powder is greater than 99 wt%.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0023] (1) The present invention utilizes the physical and chemical change characteristics of boron carbide micropowder and vanadium pentoxide micropowder such as melting and oxidation under heat treatment conditions to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder coated with silicon dioxide; the modified carbonized rice husk powder is fully reacted, and silicon carbide whiskers are formed in situ inside the modified rice husk powder during the heat treatment process, thereby forming a heat conduction network inside the composite material, fully utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the silicon carbide whiskers, so that the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has high thermal conductivity.

[0024] (2) The present invention combines the high solar absorption rate of manganese ferrite with the high thermal conductivity of silicon carbide. By adding nano-manganese ferrite powder during the preparation process, combined with the high specific heat capacity of forsterite and in-situ synthesized silicon carbide whiskers, the material is endowed with high solar absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat storage capabilities. As a result, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency.

[0025] (3) The present invention fully utilizes the magnesium oxide micropowder and the silicon dioxide on the surface of the modified carbonized rice husk powder to form forsterite in situ during the heat treatment process, thereby improving the antioxidant performance. Combined with the excellent high-temperature stability and chemical stability of forsterite, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has good cyclic stability. At the same time, fine-crystalline forsterite is formed between the forsterite powder particles by the reaction of magnesium oxide micropowder and silicon micropowder, which promotes the sintering and densification of the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material. Therefore, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has high compressive strength and excellent cyclic stability.

[0026] The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared by the present invention has an operating temperature range of 800-1400°C. The main properties of the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material have been tested: the bulk density is ≥2.86g / cm 3Thermal conductivity ≥ 50W / (m·K); average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is above 90%, and its photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 80-86%; compressive strength is 80-100MPa; thermal shock stability ≥ 20 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is ≤ 0.5wt% (800-1400℃).

[0027] Therefore, the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared by the present invention has high thermal conductivity, high photothermal conversion efficiency, high compressive strength and good cycle stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, which does not limit the scope of protection thereof.

[0029] A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and its preparation method. The preparation method described in this specific embodiment is:

[0030] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 160-180° C. and a pressure of 1.1-1.7 MPa for 40-60 minutes, and then dry at 100-110° C. for 10-12 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0031] Step 2: Evenly mix 95-97 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 1-2 wt% of boron carbide fine powder, and 2-3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide fine powder, and heat-treat the mixture at 600-700° C. for 2-4 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0032] Step 3: Evenly mix 50-70 wt% of forsterite powder, 10-20 wt% of mixture A, 5-10 wt% of silicon powder, 5-10 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 5-7 wt% of a 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and 3-5 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain mixture B.

[0033] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape under 80-100 MPa, heat treat the green body at 800-900°C for 1-2 h in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and then heat treat it at 1100-1300°C for 2-4 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0034] The chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 20-40 wt%, SiO2 is 20-40 wt%, and the ignition loss is 50-60 wt%.

[0035] The chemical components of the silica sol are: the content of SiO2 is greater than 25.50wt%, the content of Na2O is less than 0.35wt%; and the pH value of the silica sol is 8.5-9.5.

[0036] The chemical composition of the forsterite powder is as follows: SiO2 content is greater than 45wt%, MgO content is greater than 45wt%, Fe2O3 content is less than 8wt%, and the content of other impurities is less than 0.2wt%.

[0037] The SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is greater than 95.0wt%.

[0038] In this specific implementation mode:

[0039] The particle size of the carbonized rice husk powder is less than 0.088 mm;

[0040] The average particle size of the silica sol is 8 to 25 nm;

[0041] The particle size of the boron carbide powder is 2 to 4 μm, and the B4C content of the boron carbide powder is greater than 99.9 wt%;

[0042] The particle size of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is 2 to 4 μm, and the V2O5 content of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is greater than 99 wt%;

[0043] The particle size of the forsterite powder is less than 0.088 mm;

[0044] The particle size of the silicon powder is less than 35 μm;

[0045] The particle size of the magnesium oxide micropowder is 1 to 10 μm, and the MgO content of the magnesium oxide is greater than 99.9 wt%;

[0046] The particle size of the nano manganese ferrite powder is 60-100 nm; the MnFe2O4 content of the nano manganese ferrite powder is greater than 99 wt%.

[0047] The details will not be described in detail in the embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and its preparation method. The preparation method described in this embodiment is:

[0050] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 160° C. and a pressure of 1.1 MPa for 40 minutes, and then dry it at 100° C. for 10 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0051] Step 2: 95 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 2 wt% of boron carbide fine powder and 3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide fine powder are mixed evenly, and heat treated at 600° C. for 2 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0052] Step 3: Evenly mix 50 wt% of forsterite powder, 20 wt% of the mixture A, 10 wt% of silicon powder, 10 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 7 wt% of a 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution and 3 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain a mixture B.

[0053] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape at 80 MPa, heat treat the green body at 800° C. for 1 h in an argon atmosphere, and then heat treat it at 1100° C. for 2 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0054] The chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 20.2 wt%, SiO2 is 40 wt%, and the ignition loss is 50.8 wt%.

[0055] The chemical composition of the silica sol is as follows: the content of SiO2 is 25.60wt%, the content of Na2O is 0.34wt%; and the pH value of the silica sol is 9.5.

[0056] The chemical composition of the forsterite powder is as follows: SiO2 content is 45.2 wt%, MgO content is 50 wt%, Fe2O3 content is 7.9 wt%, and the content of other impurities is 0.18 wt%.

[0057] The SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is 97wt%.

[0058] The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this embodiment has an operating temperature range of 800-1400°C. The main properties have been tested: the bulk density is 2.86g / cm 3 The thermal conductivity is 61.85W / (m·K); the average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is 90.8%, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 85.6%; the compressive strength is 83.2MPa; the thermal shock stability is 25 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is 0.48wt% (800-1400℃).

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and its preparation method. The preparation method described in this embodiment is:

[0061] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 170° C. and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 50 minutes, and then dry at 105° C. for 11 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0062] Step 2: 96 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 2 wt% of boron carbide powder and 2 wt% of vanadium pentoxide powder are mixed evenly, and heat treated at 650° C. for 3 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0063] Step 3: Evenly mix 58 wt% of forsterite powder, 16 wt% of mixture A, 8 wt% of silicon powder, 8 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 6 wt% of 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution and 4 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain mixture B.

[0064] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape at 90 MPa, and heat-treat the green body at 850° C. for 1.5 h in an argon atmosphere and then at 1200° C. for 3 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0065] The chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 30.8 wt%, SiO2 is 31 wt%, and the ignition loss is 55.5 wt%.

[0066] The chemical composition of the silica sol is as follows: the content of SiO2 is 27wt%, the content of Na2O is 0.31wt%; and the pH value of the silica sol is 9.2.

[0067] The chemical composition of the forsterite powder is as follows: SiO2 content is 47 wt%, MgO content is 48 wt%, Fe2O3 content is 7 wt%, and the content of other impurities is 0.16 wt%.

[0068] The SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is 98wt%.

[0069] The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this embodiment has an operating temperature range of 800-1400°C. The main properties have been tested: the bulk density is 2.95g / cm 3 The thermal conductivity is 57.34W / (m·K); the average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is 92.6%, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 84.3%; the compressive strength is 86.5MPa; the thermal shock stability is 23 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is 0.46wt% (800-1400℃).

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and its preparation method. The preparation method described in this embodiment is:

[0072] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 170° C. and a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 50 minutes, and then dry at 105° C. for 11 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0073] Step 2: 96 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 2 wt% of boron carbide powder and 2 wt% of vanadium pentoxide powder are mixed evenly, and heat treated at 650° C. for 3 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0074] Step 3: Evenly mix 64 wt% of forsterite powder, 13 wt% of mixture A, 6 wt% of silicon powder, 7 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 6 wt% of 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution and 4 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain mixture B.

[0075] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape at 90 MPa, and heat-treat the green body at 850° C. for 1.5 h in a nitrogen atmosphere and then at 1200° C. for 3 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0076] The chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 33.6 wt%, SiO2 is 26 wt%, and the ignition loss is 57.9 wt%.

[0077] The chemical composition of the silica sol is as follows: the content of SiO2 is 28.5wt%, the content of Na2O is 0.3wt%; and the pH value of the silica sol is 8.8.

[0078] The chemical composition of the forsterite powder is as follows: SiO2 content is 48 wt%, MgO content is 46 wt%, Fe2O3 content is 6.5 wt%, and the content of other impurities is 0.17 wt%.

[0079] The SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is 98wt%.

[0080] The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this embodiment has an operating temperature range of 800-1400°C. The main properties have been tested: the bulk density is 2.93g / cm 3 The thermal conductivity is 52.56W / (m·K); the average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is 92.9%, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 83.6%; the compressive strength is 91.7MPa; the thermal shock stability is 22 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is 0.45wt% (800-1400℃).

[0081] Example 4

[0082] A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material and its preparation method. The preparation method described in this embodiment is:

[0083] Step 1: Immerse the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 180° C. and a pressure of 1.7 MPa for 60 minutes, and then dry at 110° C. for 12 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder.

[0084] Step 2: 97 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 1 wt% of boron carbide fine powder and 2 wt% of vanadium pentoxide fine powder are mixed evenly, and heat treated at 700° C. for 4 h to obtain a mixture A.

[0085] Step 3: Evenly mix 70 wt% of forsterite powder, 10 wt% of mixture A, 5 wt% of silicon powder, 5 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 5 wt% of 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution and 5 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder to obtain mixture B.

[0086] Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape under 100 MPa, and heat-treat the green body at 900° C. for 2 h in a nitrogen atmosphere and then at 1300° C. for 4 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

[0087] The chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 40 wt%, SiO2 is 20 wt%, and the ignition loss is 60 wt%.

[0088] The chemical composition of the silica sol is as follows: the content of SiO2 is 30wt%, the content of Na2O is 0.28wt%; and the pH value of the silica sol is 8.5.

[0089] The chemical composition of the forsterite powder is as follows: SiO2 content is 50wt%, MgO content is 45wt%, Fe2O3 content is 6wt%, and the content of other impurities is 0.18wt%.

[0090] The SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is 96wt%.

[0091] The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this embodiment has an operating temperature range of 800-1400°C. The main properties have been tested: the bulk density is 3.02g / cm 3The thermal conductivity is 50.13W / (m·K); the average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is 94.3%, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 80.9%; the compressive strength is 98.8MPa; the thermal shock stability is 20 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is 0.41wt% (800-1400℃).

[0092] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following positive effects:

[0093] (1) This specific embodiment utilizes the physical and chemical change characteristics of boron carbide micropowder and vanadium pentoxide micropowder such as melting and oxidation under heat treatment conditions to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder coated with silicon dioxide; the modified carbonized rice husk powder is fully reacted, and silicon carbide whiskers are formed in situ inside the modified rice husk powder during the heat treatment process, thereby forming a heat conduction network inside the composite material, fully utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the silicon carbide whiskers, so that the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has high thermal conductivity.

[0094] (2) This embodiment combines the high solar absorption rate of manganese ferrite with the high thermal conductivity of silicon carbide. By adding nano-manganese ferrite powder during the preparation process, combined with the high specific heat capacity of forsterite and in-situ synthesized silicon carbide whiskers, the material is endowed with high solar absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat storage capabilities. As a result, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency.

[0095] (3) This specific embodiment makes full use of the magnesium oxide fine powder and the silicon dioxide on the surface of the modified carbonized rice husk powder to form forsterite in situ during the heat treatment process, thereby improving the antioxidant performance. Combined with the excellent high-temperature stability and chemical stability of forsterite, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has good cyclic stability. At the same time, fine-crystalline forsterite is formed between the forsterite powder particles by the reaction of magnesium oxide fine powder and silicon fine powder, which promotes the sintering and densification of the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material. Therefore, the prepared forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material has high compressive strength and excellent cyclic stability.

[0096] The operating temperature range of the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this embodiment is 800-1400°C; the main properties of the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material have been tested: the bulk density is ≥2.86g / cm 3 Thermal conductivity ≥ 50W / (m·K); average absorptivity in the solar wavelength range (200-2000nm) is above 90%, and its photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 80-86%; compressive strength is 80-100MPa; thermal shock stability ≥ 20 times (1100℃, air cooling); no new phase is generated after 100 thermal cycles, and the mass change rate is ≤ 0.5wt% (800-1400℃).

[0097] Therefore, the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared in this specific embodiment has high thermal conductivity, high photothermal conversion efficiency, high compressive strength and good cycle stability.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material, characterized in that The steps of the preparation method are: Step 1, immersing the carbonized rice husk powder in silica sol at a temperature of 160-180° C. and a pressure of 1.1-1.7 MPa for 40-60 minutes, and then drying at 100-110° C. for 10-12 hours to obtain modified carbonized rice husk powder; Step 2: uniformly mixing 95-97 wt% of the modified carbonized rice husk powder, 1-2 wt% of boron carbide fine powder, and 2-3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide fine powder, and heat treating the mixture at 600-700° C. for 2-4 h to obtain a mixture A; Step 3, 50-70 wt% of forsterite powder, 10-20 wt% of mixture A, 5-10 wt% of silicon powder, 5-10 wt% of magnesium oxide powder, 5-7 wt% of a 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution and 3-5 wt% of nano manganese ferrite powder are mixed to obtain mixture B; Step 4: Press the mixed material B into shape under 80-100 MPa, heat treat the green body at 800-900°C for 1-2 h in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and then heat treat it at 1100-1300°C for 2-4 h to obtain a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material.

2. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the carbonized rice husk powder is less than 0.088 mm; the chemical composition of the carbonized rice husk powder is: C is 20-40wt%, SiO2 is 20-40wt%, and the ignition loss is 50-60wt%.

3. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the silica sol is 8 to 25 nm; the chemical composition of the silica sol is: the content of SiO2 is greater than 25.50 wt%, the content of Na2O is less than 0.35 wt%; and the pH of the silica sol is 8.5 to 9.

5.

4. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the boron carbide powder is 2-4 μm; the B4C content of the boron carbide powder is greater than 99.9 wt%.

5. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is 2-4 μm; the V2O5 content of the vanadium pentoxide fine powder is greater than 99 wt%.

6. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the forsterite powder is less than 0.088 mm; the chemical composition of the forsterite powder is: SiO2 content greater than 45wt%, MgO content greater than 45wt%, Fe2O3 content less than 8wt%, and the content of other impurities less than 0.2wt%.

7. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the silicon micropowder is less than 35 μm; the SiO2 content of the silicon micropowder is greater than 95.0 wt%.

8. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the magnesium oxide fine powder is 1 to 10 μm; the MgO content of the magnesium oxide is greater than 99.9 wt%.

9. The method for preparing the forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano manganese ferrite powder is 60-100 nm; the MnFe2O4 content of the nano manganese ferrite powder is greater than 99 wt%.

10. A forsterite-based high-temperature heat storage material, characterized in that The forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material is a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material prepared according to the method for preparing a forsterite-based high-temperature thermal storage material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.