Combustion chamber structure and turbojet engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of turbojet engines, and discloses a combustion chamber structure and a turbojet engine. The flame tube is arranged in the casing, and an airflow channel is formed between the outer wall of the flame tube and the inner wall of the casing and used for cooling the outer surface of the flame tube and providing needed air for the combustion process. The hydrogen spraying pipe is composed of a built-in header pipe and a spraying pipe piece, and the built-in header pipe is located in the airflow channel and connected with an external hydrogen supply pipeline, so that efficient conveying of hydrogen is achieved. One end of the spray pipe is connected with the built-in header pipe, and the other end of the spray pipe penetrates through the side wall of the flame tube and extends into the flame tube, so that hydrogen can be accurately sprayed into a combustion area. According to the design, the combustion efficiency is greatly optimized, and meanwhile the combustion chamber structure is remarkably simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of turbojet engines, and in particular to a combustion chamber structure and a turbojet engine. Background Art

[0002] The nozzle and the flame tube are important components of the combustion chamber. The fuel nozzle in the combustion chamber of a conventional engine is responsible for atomizing the fuel delivered to the combustion chamber and spraying it into the flame tube for combustion. The new cycle engine concept replaces the existing fuel and other complex component fuels with high specific heat and small molecular weight hydrogen fuel. This new engine can be used as a power system for supersonic cruise missiles, high-speed reconnaissance aircraft, long-range attack aircraft, and is also an ideal power system for the first stage of orbital spacecraft. It has great performance advantages and broad application prospects.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel engines use gaseous hydrogen as fuel. In the field of hydrogen fuel utilization, the combustion chamber is the core component for realizing combustion organization, which directly affects combustion efficiency and emission performance. However, in the prior art, hydrogen fuel combustion chambers usually adopt a solution of hydrogen nozzles combined with vortex finders, or realize combustion organization through multiple premixing tubes. The design of the prior art is complex in manufacturing process, and requires a large number of types and quantities of parts. In addition, the combustion chamber structure design occupies a large space on the outside of the casing and the head of the flame tube, which not only increases the manufacturing cost, but also limits the volume optimization of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a combustion chamber structure and a turbojet engine to solve the problems of complex combustion chamber structure design, large space occupation and high manufacturing cost in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a combustion chamber structure, comprising: a casing, a flame tube and a hydrogen nozzle; the flame tube is arranged in the casing, and an air flow channel is formed between the outer wall of the flame tube and the inner wall of the casing; the hydrogen nozzle comprises a built-in main pipe and a nozzle member connected to each other, the built-in main pipe is located in the air flow channel, one end of the nozzle member is connected to the built-in main pipe, and the other end is passed through the side wall of the flame tube to extend to the inside of the flame tube.

[0007] It has the following advantages:

[0008] By arranging the flame tube in the casing and forming an airflow channel between the outer wall of the flame tube and the inner wall of the casing, a hydrogen nozzle is built into the airflow channel, and the hydrogen nozzle includes a built-in main pipe and a nozzle part connected to each other, so as to realize the built-in gas supply device and the injection device, realize efficient control of hydrogen injection, and reduce the complexity of the system; the nozzle part is directly passed through the side wall of the flame tube and extends to the inside of the flame tube, which is conducive to the realization of uniform combustion. The combustion chamber has a simple structure, compact size and low manufacturing cost; in addition, the combustion chamber structure is easy to manufacture and assemble, which effectively improves the industrial production efficiency and economic benefits of the product.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the built-in main pipe comprises:

[0010] A hydrogen supply pipe, one end of which is passed through the casing to extend to communicate with an external pipeline;

[0011] A ring tube, arranged at the other end of the hydrogen supply tube and connected to the hydrogen supply tube, wherein a plurality of first through holes are arranged on a side wall of the ring tube;

[0012] A branch pipe, one end of which is passed through the first through hole to extend into the annular pipe and communicate with the annular pipe, and the other end of which is communicated with the nozzle member.

[0013] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the other end of the branch pipe is bent toward the inner diameter side to form a hook-shaped arrangement.

[0014] According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, along the axial direction of the flame tube, the nozzle member is obliquely provided through the side wall of the flame tube to obliquely extend into the interior of the flame tube.

[0015] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the nozzle assembly includes a gas sealing pipe, a transition pipe, a flow dividing pipe and a throttling pipe which are connected in sequence;

[0016] One end of the gas sealing pipe is connected to the other end of the branch pipe, the gas sealing pipe is bent into a horn-shaped structure, and a portion of the gas sealing pipe extends into the flame tube;

[0017] One end of the transition pipe is connected to the other end of the gas sealing pipe, the other end of the transition pipe is connected to one end of the diverter pipe, the other end of the diverter pipe is connected to one end of the throttle pipe, and the throttle pipe is connected to the flame tube;

[0018] The transition pipe, the flow divider pipe and the throttle pipe are all located in the flame tube.

[0019] According to the first aspect of the present invention, along the flow direction of hydrogen, the inlet ends of the gas sealing pipe, the transition pipe, the diverter pipe and the throttling pipe are all provided with a chamfer angle of 10° to 45°.

[0020] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the transition pipe, the diverter pipe and the throttling pipe are all straight pipes, the outer diameter of the transition pipe is equal to the inner diameter of the air sealing pipe, and the inner diameter of the diverter pipe is equal to the inner diameter of the transition pipe.

[0021] According to a first aspect of the present invention, along the flow direction of hydrogen, the outlet end of the diverter tube has a step extending in the axial direction, the outer diameter of the throttling tube is equal to the inner diameter of the step, the inlet end of the throttling tube extends into the diverter tube, and a plurality of purge holes are provided on the side wall of the throttling tube close to the inlet end, an air intake gap is formed between the outer wall of the throttling tube and the inner wall of the diverter tube, and the purge holes are located in the diverter tube and connected to the air intake gap.

[0022] According to the first aspect of the present invention, there are a plurality of purge holes, the opening direction of the purge holes is tangent to the section circle of the throttling tube axial cross section, and the plurality of purge holes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the throttling tube.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a turbojet engine, comprising the combustion chamber structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A half-section schematic diagram of a combustion chamber structure provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a built-in main pipe provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a nozzle member provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Local schematic diagram of point A in the figure.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Casing; 2. Flame tube; 3. Hydrogen nozzle; 31. Built-in main pipe; 32. Nozzle parts; 311. Hydrogen supply pipe; 312. Ring pipe; 313. Branch pipe; 321. Gas sealing pipe; 322. Transition pipe; 323. Diverter pipe; 324. Throttle pipe; 3231. Stage; 3232. Inlet gap; 3241. Purge hole; 4. Air flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a combustion chamber structure, including: a casing 1, a flame tube 2 and a hydrogen nozzle 3; the flame tube 2 is arranged in the casing 1, and an air flow channel 4 is formed between the outer wall of the flame tube 2 and the inner wall of the casing 1; the hydrogen nozzle 3 includes a built-in main pipe 31 and a nozzle member 32 which are connected to each other, the built-in main pipe 31 is located in the air flow channel 4, one end of the nozzle member 32 is connected to the built-in main pipe 31, and the other end is penetrated through the side wall of the flame tube 2 to extend to the inside of the flame tube 2.

[0036] Specifically, the combustion chamber structure includes a casing 1, a flame tube 2 and a hydrogen nozzle 3. The flame tube 2 is arranged inside the casing 1, and an airflow channel 4 is formed between its outer wall and the inner wall of the casing 1, which is used to cool the outer surface of the flame tube 2 and provide the required air for the combustion process. The hydrogen nozzle 3 is composed of a built-in main pipe 31 and a nozzle member 32. The built-in main pipe 31 is located in the airflow channel 4 and is connected to the external hydrogen supply pipe 311 to achieve efficient transportation of hydrogen. One end of the nozzle member 32 is connected to the built-in main pipe 31, and the other end is passed through the side wall of the flame tube 2 and extends to the inside of the flame tube 2 to ensure that hydrogen can be accurately sprayed into the combustion area. This design greatly optimizes the combustion efficiency while significantly simplifying the combustion chamber structure.

[0037] By arranging the flame tube 2 in the casing 1, and forming an airflow channel 4 between the outer wall of the flame tube 2 and the inner wall of the casing 1, the hydrogen nozzle 3 is built into the airflow channel 4, and the hydrogen nozzle 3 includes a built-in main pipe 31 and a nozzle part 32 connected to each other, so as to realize the built-in of the gas supply device and the injection device, realize the efficient control of hydrogen injection, and reduce the complexity of the system; the nozzle part 32 is directly penetrated through the side wall of the flame tube 2 and extends to the inside of the flame tube 2, which is conducive to the realization of uniform combustion. The combustion chamber has a simple structure, a compact volume, and a low manufacturing cost; in addition, the combustion chamber structure is easy to manufacture and assemble, which effectively improves the industrial production efficiency and economic benefits of the product.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the built-in main pipe 31 includes: a hydrogen supply pipe 311, a ring pipe 312 and a branch pipe 313; one end of the hydrogen supply pipe 311 is penetrated through the casing 1 to extend to communicate with the external pipeline; the ring pipe 312 is provided at the other end of the hydrogen supply pipe 311 and communicates with the hydrogen supply pipe 311, and a plurality of first through holes are provided on the side wall of the ring pipe 312; one end of the branch pipe 313 is penetrated through the first through hole to extend into the ring pipe 312 and communicate with the ring pipe 312, and the other end of the branch pipe 313 is communicated with the nozzle member 32.

[0039] Specifically, the built-in main pipe 31 includes a hydrogen supply pipe 311, an annular pipe 312 and a plurality of branch pipes 313. One end of the hydrogen supply pipe 311 is connected to the external pipeline, and the other end is connected to the annular pipe 312. The side wall of the annular pipe 312 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed first through holes. One end of the plurality of branch pipes 313 is passed through the first through hole and connected to the annular pipe 312, and the other end is connected to the nozzle member 32. This arrangement effectively improves the uniformity of hydrogen distribution and reduces the complexity of the hydrogen supply system.

[0040] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the other end of the branch pipe 313 is bent toward the inner diameter side to form a hook-shaped configuration.

[0041] Specifically, the branch pipe 313 is formed by bending a small-diameter hollow pipe and is arranged in a hook shape, and one end of the branch pipe 313 is welded to the ring pipe 312 .

[0042] In the first embodiment of the present invention, along the axial direction of the flame tube 2 , the nozzle member 32 is obliquely provided through the side wall of the flame tube 2 to obliquely extend into the interior of the flame tube 2 .

[0043] Specifically, along the axial direction of the flame tube 2, the nozzle member 32 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the flame tube 2 and extends into the interior thereof. This oblique arrangement can enhance the mixing effect of hydrogen and air, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. At the same time, this design helps to reduce the burning loss of the nozzle member 32 and improve its service life.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle component 32 includes a gas sealing pipe 321, a transition pipe 322, a diverter pipe 323 and a throttle pipe 324 which are connected in sequence; one end of the gas sealing pipe 321 is connected to the other end of the branch pipe 313, the gas sealing pipe 321 is bent into a horn-shaped structure, and part of the gas sealing pipe 321 extends into the flame tube 2; one end of the transition pipe 322 is connected to the other end of the gas sealing pipe 321, the other end of the transition pipe 322 is connected to one end of the diverter pipe 323, the other end of the diverter pipe 323 is connected to one end of the throttle pipe 324, and the throttle pipe 324 is connected to the flame tube 2; the transition pipe 322, the diverter pipe 323 and the throttle pipe 324 are all located in the flame tube 2.

[0045] Specifically, the nozzle member 32 is welded from multiple sections of pipes to reduce costs. The nozzle member 32 includes a gas sealing pipe 321, a transition pipe 322, a diverter pipe 323 and a throttle pipe 324, which are connected in sequence. Among them, the gas sealing pipe 321 is bent into a bull horn shape and partially extends into the flame tube 2. The transition pipe 322, the diverter pipe 323 and the throttle pipe 324 are all straight pipes and are arranged inside the flame tube 2. The bull horn structure design of the gas sealing pipe 321 can reduce the turbulence of the hydrogen flow during the injection process and improve the stability of the combustion.

[0046] In the first embodiment of the present invention, along the flow direction of hydrogen, the inlet ends of the gas sealing pipe 321, the transition pipe 322, the diverter pipe 323 and the throttling pipe 324 are all provided with a chamfer angle of 10° to 45°.

[0047] Specifically, the setting of the chamfered angle allows the inlet ends of the air sealing pipe 321, the transition pipe 322, the diverter pipe 323 and the throttling pipe 324 to form airflow guide surfaces to facilitate the flow of air and avoid obstructions at the connection points.

[0048] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the transition pipe 322 , the diverter pipe 323 and the throttling pipe 324 are all straight pipes, the outer diameter of the transition pipe 322 is equal to the inner diameter of the gas sealing pipe 321 , and the inner diameter of the diverter pipe 323 is equal to the inner diameter of the transition pipe 322 .

[0049] In the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, along the flow direction of hydrogen, the outlet end of the diverter tube 323 has a stage 3231 extending axially, the outer diameter of the throttle tube 324 is equal to the inner diameter of the stage 3231, the inlet end of the throttle tube 324 extends into the diverter tube 323, and a plurality of purge holes 3241 are provided on the side wall of the throttle tube 324 near the inlet end, an air intake gap 3232 is formed between the outer wall of the throttle tube 324 and the inner wall of the diverter tube 323, and the purge holes 3241 are located in the diverter tube 323 and are connected to the air intake gap 3232.

[0050] In the first embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of purge holes 3241 are provided, the opening direction of the purge holes 3241 is tangent to the section circle of the axial section of the throttling tube 324 , and the plurality of purge holes 3241 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the throttling tube 324 .

[0051] Reference Figure 4 As shown, specifically, along the flow direction of hydrogen, the outlet end of the shunt pipe 323 is provided with a stage 3231 extending in the axial direction, and the inlet end of the throttle pipe 324 extends into the shunt pipe 323. A plurality of purge holes 3241 are provided on the side wall of the throttle pipe 324 near the inlet end, and the direction of the purge holes 3241 is tangent to the axial section of the throttle pipe 324. The purge holes 3241 are evenly distributed around the throttle pipe 324, and an air intake gap 3232 is formed between the purge holes 3241 and the inner wall of the shunt pipe 323, which is used to introduce a small amount of cooling air to form an air film protection, significantly reducing the heat loss of the nozzle member 32 and enhancing its durability.

[0052] In the first aspect of the present invention, the working principle is as follows:

[0053] Hydrogen enters the annular pipe 312 along the hydrogen supply pipe 311, and then flows to each branch pipe 313, and is sprayed into the gas sealing pipe 321 from the outlet of the branch pipe 313; the depth of the branch pipe 313 inserted into the gas sealing pipe 321 is not less than 5 times the inner diameter of the branch pipe 313, and the inner diameter of the gas sealing pipe 321 is 2 to 6 times the outer diameter of the branch pipe 313. The outer side of the gas sealing pipe 321 is the air flow channel 4 between the flame tube 2 and the casing 1. The pressure in the air flow channel 4 is greater than the pressure in the gas sealing pipe 321. By adjusting the area ratio of the inner diameter of the gas sealing pipe 321 to the outer diameter of the branch pipe 313 and the depth of the branch pipe 313 inserted into the gas sealing pipe 321, the hydrogen can be sealed inside the gas sealing pipe 321 by the air pressure in the air flow channel 4, and there will be no leakage into the two channels, thereby simplifying the connection structure.

[0054] Air and hydrogen enter the transition pipe 322 along the air sealing pipe 321, and flow to the diverter pipe 323 and the throttle pipe 324. In the diverter pipe 323, the air flow is close to the pipe wall, and the hydrogen flow is mainly concentrated in the center of the pipe. The thin layer of air flow close to the pipe wall is the boundary layer flow, which has a low flow velocity and is prone to flashback. In order to reduce the risk of boundary layer flashback, steps and air intakes are set in the diverter pipe 323, and the low-speed boundary layer flow enters the air intake gap 3232, while the high-speed center flow enters the throttle pipe 324. After the low-speed boundary layer flow enters the air intake gap 3232, it enters the throttle pipe 324 along the purge hole 3241, and is tangentially injected along the inner wall of the throttle pipe 324, generating a circumferential swirl along the inner wall of the pipe, interrupting the boundary layer of the throttle inner wall, and preventing the flame in the flame tube 2 from flashing along the boundary layer there to the upstream of the nozzle.

[0055] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a turbojet engine, including a combustion chamber structure.

[0056] Specifically, a turbojet engine is constructed based on the combustion chamber structure. The turbojet engine greatly improves the fuel combustion efficiency and reduces the overall manufacturing and maintenance costs by optimizing the combustion chamber structure and hydrogen distribution method.

[0057] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combustion chamber structure, characterized in that: include: Receiver (1); A flame tube (2) is arranged in the casing (1), and an air flow channel (4) is formed between the outer wall of the flame tube (2) and the inner wall of the casing (1); The hydrogen nozzle (3) comprises an internal main pipe (31) and a nozzle member (32) which are connected to each other, wherein the internal main pipe (31) is located in the air flow channel (4), one end of the nozzle member (32) is connected to the internal main pipe (31), and the other end is passed through the side wall of the flame tube (2) to extend into the interior of the flame tube (2).

2. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The built-in main pipe (31) comprises: A hydrogen supply pipe (311), one end of which is passed through the casing (1) to extend to communicate with an external pipeline; An annular tube (312) is provided at the other end of the hydrogen supply tube (311) and is in communication with the hydrogen supply tube (311); a plurality of first through holes are provided on a side wall of the annular tube (312); A branch pipe (313), one end of which is passed through the first through hole to extend into the annular pipe (312) and communicate with the annular pipe (312), and the other end of which is communicated with the nozzle member (32).

3. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the branch pipe (313) is bent toward the inner diameter side to form a hook-shaped arrangement.

4. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the flame tube (2), the nozzle member (32) is arranged in an inclined direction through the side wall of the flame tube (2) to extend obliquely into the interior of the flame tube (2).

5. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nozzle member (32) comprises a gas sealing pipe (321), a transition pipe (322), a flow dividing pipe (323) and a throttling pipe (324) which are connected in sequence; One end of the gas sealing pipe (321) is in communication with the other end of the branch pipe (313); the gas sealing pipe (321) is bent into a horn-shaped structure; and a portion of the gas sealing pipe (321) extends into the flame tube (2); One end of the transition pipe (322) is in communication with the other end of the gas sealing pipe (321), the other end of the transition pipe (322) is in communication with one end of the flow dividing pipe (323), the other end of the flow dividing pipe (323) is in communication with one end of the throttling pipe (324), and the throttling pipe (324) is in communication with the flame tube (2); The transition pipe (322), the flow divider pipe (323) and the throttle pipe (324) are all located in the flame tube (2).

6. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Along the flow direction of hydrogen, the inlet ends of the gas sealing pipe (321), the transition pipe (322), the flow dividing pipe (323) and the throttling pipe (324) are all provided with a chamfer angle of 10° to 45°.

7. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transition pipe (322), the diverter pipe (323) and the throttling pipe (324) are all straight pipes; the outer diameter of the transition pipe (322) is equal to the inner diameter of the gas sealing pipe (321); and the inner diameter of the diverter pipe (323) is equal to the inner diameter of the transition pipe (322).

8. The combustion chamber structure according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: Along the flow direction of hydrogen, the outlet end of the diverter pipe (323) has a stage (3231) extending in the axial direction, the outer diameter of the throttle pipe (324) is equal to the inner diameter of the stage (3231), the inlet end of the throttle pipe (324) extends into the diverter pipe (323), and a plurality of purge holes (3241) are provided on the side wall of the throttle pipe (324) close to the inlet end, an air intake gap (3232) is formed between the outer wall of the throttle pipe (324) and the inner wall of the diverter pipe (323), and the purge hole (3241) is located in the diverter pipe (323) and is connected to the air intake gap (3232).

9. The combustion chamber structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are a plurality of purge holes (3241), the opening direction of the purge holes (3241) is tangent to the section circle of the axial section of the throttling tube (324), and the plurality of purge holes (3241) are evenly spaced along the circumference of the throttling tube (324).

10. A turbojet engine, characterized in that: The combustion chamber structure comprises the combustion chamber structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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