Land type classification method based on territorial resource data

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land type classification, in particular to a land type classification method based on territorial resource data, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, data preparation; s2, determining a classification target, a classification standard and a classification range; s3, land feature extraction and analysis; s4, data preprocessing and cleaning; s5, land feature extraction and selection; s6, formulating a classification method and algorithm selection; s7, land type division and marking; s8, determining a classification method and technology; and S9, formulating a classification standard and index system. Through land feature extraction and analysis, data preprocessing and cleaning and land feature extraction and selection, land data diversity understanding and effective management can be achieved, classification precision and efficiency are improved, and it is ensured that the classification result is more accurate and reasonable through verification and precision of the classification result; the reasonable utilization and protection level of land resources is improved through result optimization, and the accuracy and applicability of land classification are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of land type classification, and in particular to a land type classification method based on land resources data. Background Art

[0002] Land and resources are the material basis for the survival of a country and its inhabitants. They are a material entity composed of natural resources and socio-economic resources. The classification of land types in land and resources is a hierarchical division at the level of ground landscape groups, with the macro-control influence of land formation elements gradually decreasing and the influence of regional factors gradually increasing, which is the so-called land type classification system.

[0003] A Chinese patent discloses a land type classification method based on multi-source land and resources data (authorization announcement number CN111062446B). This patented technology aims to improve the efficiency and practicality of land type research, realize the accurate classification of comprehensive land resource information, and serve the major strategic application needs such as national land and resources surveys and national geographic conditions censuses. However, the above land type classification method directly classifies through maps and land and resources data, and the timeliness and accuracy of the data cannot be guaranteed, which is not conducive to classification accuracy and classification efficiency, and is not conducive to the accuracy and rationality of the data. The collected data is not comprehensive, resulting in the inability to understand and effectively manage land diversity, and the classified data cannot be reasonably used, which is not conducive to the scientificity and practicality of the classification results. Therefore, those skilled in the art provide a land type classification method based on land and resources data to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a land type classification method based on land and resources data to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a land type classification method based on land and resources data, the steps are as follows: S1. Data preparation: Obtain land resources data containing land information, including topographic maps, satellite images, and geographic information; S2. Clarify the classification objectives, standards and scope: Objective determination: clarify the main purpose of land type classification; Formulate classification standards: formulate specific classification standards and indicator systems, follow the principles of practicality, scientificity, continuity, multi-channel satisfaction and streamlining and coordination, and ensure that the classification system meets actual needs and is easy to operate; Scope: Land use classification includes agricultural land, industrial land and residential area, and land essential classification includes land ecological function and land geological characteristics; S3. Land feature extraction and analysis: Extract characteristic data: Use land survey data from the land and resources department, satellite remote sensing images, topographic maps, soil maps, and vegetation maps to extract land characteristics, including elevation, slope, vegetation index, and soil type; Data analysis: pre-process the data, including denoising, correction, registration, and format unification to ensure data quality, analyze and count the extracted feature data, and explore the relationship and impact between different features; S4, data preprocessing and cleaning: preprocess and clean the collected land data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, including removing outliers, filling missing values, and coordinate conversion operations; S5. Land feature extraction and selection: According to the classification objectives, key land features are extracted from the preprocessed data, including land elevation, land slope, land cover type, land soil type, and land artificial use; S6. Formulate classification methods and algorithm selection: According to data characteristics and classification objectives, select appropriate classification methods, including rule-based classification and machine learning classification, optimize and adjust parameters of the selected classification algorithm, refine classification standards according to actual needs, and divide land into three categories: agricultural land, construction land, and unused land, and further subdivide them; S7. Land type classification and marking: Classify the land according to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, and mark and record the land type classification results; S8. Determine classification methods and techniques: Analyze the extracted land features, explore the relationship and impact between different features, and select appropriate classification methods and techniques based on the characteristics of the data and classification objectives. Common classification methods include rule-based classification methods, statistical methods, and machine learning methods. S9. Formulate classification standards and indicator systems: Formulate specific classification standards and indicator systems to systematically classify land. These standards include quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators. S10. Implementation and operation of land classification: Classify land data according to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, including programmed automatic classification and classification with manual intervention; S11. Verification and refinement of classification results: Verify the classification results, evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the classification, use cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods to verify, and make fine adjustments as needed. Verify the classified land type results. Cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods can be used to adjust the classification method and parameters according to the verification results, optimize the classification model, and refine the verification data; S12. Data storage and management of land type: Data storage: Store classified land type data in a database or GIS system to ensure data security and accessibility, ensure that the data format and naming rules in the database meet standardization requirements, establish corresponding metadata, describe the source, classification standards, and processing method information of the data, and facilitate subsequent use and management; Application of results: Apply the classification results to land management, including land use planning, land law enforcement supervision, and provide scientific basis for government decision-making, including regional development planning and ecological protection planning; S13. Output and display of results: Use GIS technology or data visualization tools to output and display the classification results, display the distribution and characteristics of different types of land through map making and data visualization, and visualize the classification results; S14. Result optimization: Develop query tools: Develop land type query tools or applications to facilitate users to query land type information according to different needs and geographical locations; Application examples: Use classification results for land planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management applications; Report generation: Write a technical report or research paper summarizing the methods, results and application significance of land type classification; Fine-tuning: fine-tuning and updating of land types for specific areas or new data; Continuous Improvement: Continuously improve classification methods and techniques, incorporate new data and technological advances, and enhance the accuracy and applicability of land classification.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the main objectives of S2 include land management, planning, ecological protection, and economic development; the indicator system includes terrain characteristics, soil type, vegetation coverage, and landform type; the land ecological functions include wetlands, forests, and grasslands; and the land geological characteristics include mountains, plains, and hills.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the content of the land type classification in S7 includes: S701, preliminary classification: including: Natural attribute classification: preliminary classification is carried out based on the natural attributes of the land, and the land is divided into different natural types according to landforms, vegetation, and soil characteristics; Economic attribute classification: Combine the economic attributes of land production level, ownership and use rights to revise the preliminary classification results; S702. Comprehensive classification: Based on the preliminary classification, the land is classified into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land, taking into account the natural and economic attributes of the land, as well as its ecological function and development potential; S703, sub-categories: Classification of cultivated land: The cultivated land in agricultural land is further divided into two types: irrigated paddy field, rain-fed field, irrigated land, dry land and vegetable field; Classification of gardens, woodlands, and pastures: Gardens, woodlands, and pastures are also classified in detail at the second level; S704. Classification of residential areas and industrial and mining land: including: Urban and rural classification: subdividing residential areas and industrial and mining land into urban residential areas, rural residential areas, and independent industrial and mining land, and taking into account internal transportation and green land factors; Classification of transportation land: subdivide transportation land into railways, highways, rural roads, civil airports, ports and docks, and consider the ancillary facilities of road protection forests; Water area classification: water areas are subdivided into river surfaces, lake surfaces, reservoir surfaces, and pond surfaces, and the land used for water conservancy facilities is taken into consideration; Classification of unused land: subdivide unused land into wasteland, saline-alkali land, swampland, sandy land, and identify other difficult-to-use land types.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the contents refined in S11 include: S1101, rationality assessment: conduct rationality assessment on the classification results to check whether there are logical errors or improper classification; S1102, Adjustment and Optimization: According to the evaluation results, adjust and optimize the classification standards or classification process to ensure that the classification results are more accurate and reasonable; S1103, Field verification: Select some areas for field investigation to verify the accuracy and reliability of the classification results, compare and analyze the field investigation data with the classification results, find out the differences and analyze the reasons; S1104. Classification system update: Establish a feedback mechanism for the classification system, collect user feedback and actual needs, provide a basis for system updates, and regularly update and improve the classification system based on feedback and actual needs.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The land type classification method based on land resources data of the present invention can realize the understanding and effective management of the diversity of land data through land feature extraction and analysis, data preprocessing and cleaning, and land feature extraction and selection; By formulating classification methods and algorithm selection, optimizing and adjusting parameters of the selected classification algorithm to improve classification accuracy and efficiency, ensuring that the classification results are more accurate and reasonable through verification and refinement of classification results, and ensuring the accuracy and traceability of classification through land type division and labeling; By optimizing the results, we can improve the rational utilization and protection of land resources, enhance the accuracy and applicability of land classification, and ensure the scientificity and practicality of the classification results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example

[0010] A land type classification method based on land resources data, the steps are as follows: S1. Data preparation: Obtain land resources data containing land information, including topographic maps, satellite images, and geographic information; S2. Clarify the classification objectives, standards and scope: Objective determination: clarify the main purpose of land type classification, which includes land management, planning, ecological protection, and economic development. The indicator system includes terrain characteristics, soil types, vegetation cover, and landform types. The ecological functions of land include wetlands, forests, and grasslands. The geological characteristics of land include mountains, plains, and hills. Formulate classification standards: formulate specific classification standards and indicator systems, follow the principles of practicality, scientificity, continuity, multi-channel satisfaction and streamlining and coordination, and ensure that the classification system meets actual needs and is easy to operate; Scope: Land use classification includes agricultural land, industrial land and residential area, and land essential classification includes land ecological function and land geological characteristics; S3. Land feature extraction and analysis: Extract characteristic data: Use land survey data from the land and resources department, satellite remote sensing images, topographic maps, soil maps, and vegetation maps to extract land characteristics, including elevation, slope, vegetation index, and soil type; Data analysis: pre-process the data, including denoising, correction, registration, and format unification to ensure data quality, analyze and count the extracted feature data, and explore the relationship and impact between different features; S4, data preprocessing and cleaning: preprocess and clean the collected land data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, including removing outliers, filling missing values, and coordinate conversion operations; S5. Land feature extraction and selection: According to the classification objectives, key land features are extracted from the preprocessed data, including land elevation, land slope, land cover type, land soil type, and land artificial use; S6. Formulate classification methods and algorithm selection: According to data characteristics and classification objectives, select appropriate classification methods, including rule-based classification and machine learning classification, optimize and adjust parameters of the selected classification algorithm, refine classification standards according to actual needs, and divide land into three categories: agricultural land, construction land, and unused land, and further subdivide them; S7. Land type classification and labeling: According to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, the land is classified into land types, and the results of land type classification are labeled and recorded. The contents of land type classification include: S701, preliminary classification: including: Natural attribute classification: preliminary classification is carried out based on the natural attributes of the land, and the land is divided into different natural types according to landforms, vegetation, and soil characteristics; Economic attribute classification: Combine the economic attributes of land production level, ownership and use rights to revise the preliminary classification results; S702. Comprehensive classification: Based on the preliminary classification, the land is classified into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land, taking into account the natural and economic attributes of the land, as well as its ecological function and development potential; S703, sub-categories: Classification of cultivated land: The cultivated land in agricultural land is further divided into two types: irrigated paddy field, rain-fed field, irrigated land, dry land and vegetable field; Classification of gardens, woodlands, and pastures: Gardens, woodlands, and pastures are also classified in detail at the second level. For example, woodlands can be subdivided into wooded land, shrub forests, and sparse woodlands. S704. Classification of residential areas and industrial and mining land: including: Urban and rural classification: subdividing residential areas and industrial and mining land into urban residential areas, rural residential areas, and independent industrial and mining land, and taking into account internal transportation and green land factors; Classification of transportation land: subdivide transportation land into railways, highways, rural roads, civil airports, ports and docks, and consider the ancillary facilities of road protection forests; Water area classification: water areas are subdivided into river surfaces, lake surfaces, reservoir surfaces, and pond surfaces, and the land used for water conservancy facilities is taken into consideration; Classification of unused land: subdividing unused land into wasteland, saline-alkali land, swamp, sandy land, and identifying other difficult-to-use land types; S8. Determine classification methods and techniques: Analyze the extracted land features, explore the relationship and impact between different features, and select appropriate classification methods and techniques based on the characteristics of the data and the classification objectives. Common classification methods include rule-based classification methods, statistical methods such as cluster analysis, and machine learning methods such as support vector machines, random forests, and neural networks. S9. Develop classification standards and indicator systems: Develop specific classification standards and indicator systems to systematically classify land. These standards include quantitative indicators such as elevation range, soil type proportion, and qualitative indicators such as land use type and ecological environment level. S10. Implementation and operation of land classification: Classify land data according to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, including programmed automatic classification and classification with manual intervention; S11. Verification and refinement of classification results: Verify the classification results, evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the classification, use cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods to verify, and make fine adjustments as needed. Verify the classified land type results. Cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods can be used to adjust the classification method and parameters according to the verification results, optimize the classification model, and refine the verification data. The refinement includes: S1101, rationality assessment: conduct rationality assessment on the classification results to check whether there are logical errors or improper classification; S1102, Adjustment and Optimization: According to the evaluation results, adjust and optimize the classification standards or classification process to ensure that the classification results are more accurate and reasonable; S1103, Field verification: Select some areas for field investigation to verify the accuracy and reliability of the classification results, compare and analyze the field investigation data with the classification results, find out the differences and analyze the reasons; S1104. Classification system update: Establish a feedback mechanism for the classification system, collect user feedback and actual needs, provide a basis for system updates, and regularly update and improve the classification system based on feedback and actual needs; S12. Data storage and management of land type: Data storage: Store classified land type data in a database or GIS system to ensure data security and accessibility, ensure that the data format and naming rules in the database meet standardization requirements, establish corresponding metadata, describe the source, classification standards, and processing method information of the data, and facilitate subsequent use and management; Application of results: Apply the classification results to land management, including land use planning, land law enforcement supervision, and provide scientific basis for government decision-making, including regional development planning and ecological protection planning; S13. Output and display of results: Use GIS technology or data visualization tools to output and display the classification results, display the distribution and characteristics of different types of land through map making and data visualization, and visualize the classification results, such as generating land type distribution maps and statistical charts; S14. Result optimization: Develop query tools: Develop land type query tools or applications to facilitate users to query land type information according to different needs and geographical locations; Application examples: Use classification results for land planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management applications; Report generation: Write a technical report or research paper summarizing the methods, results and application significance of land type classification; Fine-tuning: fine-tuning and updating of land types for specific areas or new data; Continuous Improvement: Continuously improve classification methods and techniques, incorporate new data and technological advances, and enhance the accuracy and applicability of land classification.

[0011] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A land type classification method based on land and resources data, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Data preparation: Obtain land resources data containing land information, including topographic maps, satellite images, and geographic information; S2. Clarify the classification objectives, standards and scope: Objective determination: clarify the main purpose of land type classification; Formulate classification standards: formulate specific classification standards and indicator systems, follow the principles of practicality, scientificity, continuity, multi-channel satisfaction and streamlining and coordination, and ensure that the classification system meets actual needs and is easy to operate; Scope: Land use classification includes agricultural land, industrial land and residential area, and land essential classification includes land ecological function and land geological characteristics; S3. Land feature extraction and analysis: Extract characteristic data: Use land survey data from the land and resources department, satellite remote sensing images, topographic maps, soil maps, and vegetation maps to extract land characteristics, including elevation, slope, vegetation index, and soil type; Data analysis: pre-process the data, including denoising, correction, registration, and format unification to ensure data quality, analyze and count the extracted feature data, and explore the relationship and impact between different features; S4, data preprocessing and cleaning: preprocess and clean the collected land data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, including removing outliers, filling missing values, and coordinate conversion operations; S5. Land feature extraction and selection: According to the classification objectives, key land features are extracted from the preprocessed data, including land elevation, land slope, land cover type, land soil type, and land artificial use; S6. Formulate classification methods and algorithm selection: According to data characteristics and classification objectives, select appropriate classification methods, including rule-based classification and machine learning classification, optimize and adjust parameters of the selected classification algorithm, refine classification standards according to actual needs, and divide land into three categories: agricultural land, construction land, and unused land, and further subdivide them; S7. Land type classification and marking: Classify the land according to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, and mark and record the land type classification results; S8. Determine classification methods and techniques: Analyze the extracted land features, explore the relationship and impact between different features, and select appropriate classification methods and techniques based on the characteristics of the data and classification objectives. Common classification methods include rule-based classification methods, statistical methods, and machine learning methods. S9. Formulate classification standards and indicator systems: Formulate specific classification standards and indicator systems to systematically classify land. These standards include quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators. S10. Implementation and operation of land classification: Classify land data according to the classification standards and selected methods prepared in advance, including programmed automatic classification and classification with manual intervention; S11. Verification and refinement of classification results: Verify the classification results, evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the classification, use cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods to verify, and make fine adjustments as needed. Verify the classified land type results. Cross-validation and confusion matrix analysis methods can be used to adjust the classification method and parameters according to the verification results, optimize the classification model, and refine the verification data; S12. Data storage and management of land type: Data storage: Store classified land type data in a database or GIS system to ensure data security and accessibility, ensure that the data format and naming rules in the database meet standardization requirements, establish corresponding metadata, describe the source, classification standards, and processing method information of the data, and facilitate subsequent use and management; Application of results: Apply the classification results to land management, including land use planning, land law enforcement supervision, and provide scientific basis for government decision-making, including regional development planning and ecological protection planning; S13. Output and display of results: Use GIS technology or data visualization tools to output and display the classification results, display the distribution and characteristics of different types of land through map making and data visualization, and visualize the classification results; S14. Result optimization: Develop query tools: Develop land type query tools or applications to facilitate users to query land type information according to different needs and geographical locations; Application examples: Use classification results for land planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management applications; Report generation: Write a technical report or research paper summarizing the methods, results and application significance of land type classification; Fine-tuning: fine-tuning and updating of land types for specific areas or new data; Continuous Improvement: Continuously improve classification methods and techniques, incorporate new data and technological advances, and enhance the accuracy and applicability of land classification.

2. The land type classification method based on land and resources data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main objectives of S2 include land management, planning, ecological protection, and economic development. The indicator system includes terrain characteristics, soil types, vegetation coverage, and landform types. The land ecological functions include wetlands, forests, and grasslands. The land geological characteristics include mountains, plains, and hills.

3. The land type classification method based on land and resources data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The content of land type classification in S7 includes: S701, preliminary classification: including: Natural attribute classification: preliminary classification is carried out based on the natural attributes of the land, and the land is divided into different natural types according to landforms, vegetation, and soil characteristics; Economic attribute classification: Combine the economic attributes of land production level, ownership and use rights to revise the preliminary classification results; S702. Comprehensive classification: Based on the preliminary classification, the land is classified into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land, taking into account the natural and economic attributes of the land, as well as its ecological function and development potential; S703, sub-categories: Classification of cultivated land: The cultivated land in agricultural land is further divided into two types: irrigated paddy field, rain-fed field, irrigated land, dry land and vegetable field; Classification of gardens, woodlands, and pastures: Gardens, woodlands, and pastures are also classified in detail at the second level; S704. Classification of residential areas and industrial and mining land: including: Urban and rural classification: subdividing residential areas and industrial and mining land into urban residential areas, rural residential areas, and independent industrial and mining land, and taking into account internal transportation and green land factors; Classification of transportation land: subdivide transportation land into railways, highways, rural roads, civil airports, ports and docks, and consider the ancillary facilities of road protection forests; Water area classification: water areas are subdivided into river surfaces, lake surfaces, reservoir surfaces, and pond surfaces, and the land used for water conservancy facilities is taken into consideration; Classification of unused land: subdivide unused land into wasteland, saline-alkali land, swampland, sandy land, and identify other difficult-to-use land types.

4. The land type classification method based on land resources data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contents refined in S11 include: S1101, rationality assessment: conduct rationality assessment on the classification results to check whether there are logical errors or improper classification; S1102, Adjustment and Optimization: According to the evaluation results, adjust and optimize the classification standards or classification process to ensure that the classification results are more accurate and reasonable; S1103, Field verification: Select some areas for field investigation to verify the accuracy and reliability of the classification results, compare and analyze the field investigation data with the classification results, find out the differences and analyze the reasons; S1104. Classification system update: Establish a feedback mechanism for the classification system, collect user feedback and actual needs, provide a basis for system updates, and regularly update and improve the classification system based on feedback and actual needs.