Battery replacement device and battery replacement method for electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery replacing device and method for an electric vehicle. The battery replacing device comprises a supporting and positioning mechanism used for bearing the vehicle and positioning the vehicle at the battery replacing position. The battery replacing bin is positioned below the supporting and positioning mechanism and is used for storing and charging the battery; the loading and unloading mechanism is used for taking out the low-power battery from the bottom of the vehicle or assembling the full-power battery to the bottom of the vehicle; the material taking and placing mechanism is used for placing the power-deficient batteries in the battery replacing bin or taking out the fully-charged batteries from the battery replacing bin; the first battery placing groove is used for bearing an insufficient-power battery; the second battery placing groove is used for bearing a full-power battery; and the conveying mechanism is used for changing the positions of the first battery placing groove and the second battery placing groove. The feeding and discharging mechanism directly takes out the power-deficient batteries from the bottom of the vehicle and places the power-deficient batteries in the first battery placing groove, the material taking and placing mechanism takes out the full-power batteries from the battery replacing bin in advance and places the full-power batteries in the second battery placing groove, and the full-power battery taking-out operation and the power-deficient battery storage operation do not need to be completed on site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery replacement for new energy vehicles, and specifically to a battery replacement device and a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging means of transportation, electric vehicles have become a key way to cope with the severe situation of my country's oil resource shortage and urban air pollution with their significant advantages such as "zero emissions" and a wide range of energy sources. In the use of electric vehicles, the general battery charging method often takes a long time, and high-current charging will also cause great damage to the battery life. In comparison, the battery replacement mode has obvious advantages. Its operation process is simple, and it can quickly and efficiently replenish electricity with the help of professional industrial robots. At the same time, it can also make full use of the night time to centrally charge the battery, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency and vehicle convenience.

[0003] Taking the patent with publication number CN113665425B and the name of "A Passenger Car Chassis Battery Automatic Unlocking and Replacement Device" as an example, the device includes a load-bearing platform, a conveying channel is provided at the bottom of the load-bearing platform along the width direction, a pick-up and release port is provided on the upper surface and is connected to the conveying channel, and a recessed cavity is provided on the surface and a positioning roller is rotatably installed, and two positioning rods driven by a driving assembly are provided at the same time, and a loading moving plate and a unloading moving plate driven by a reciprocating moving assembly are provided in the conveying channel, and a loading lifting platform and an unloading lifting platform are provided on the loading moving plate and the unloading moving plate respectively. Its benefit lies in that it can realize automatic and precise positioning of the vehicle by relying on its own mechanical structure, which is not affected by the driver's experience, and ensures the accuracy of chassis battery replacement, and can automatically complete a series of operations such as battery removal, loading, installation and unloading in sequence, which greatly improves the efficiency of battery replacement.

[0004] Although existing electric vehicle battery replacement devices such as the above-mentioned patents perform well in terms of vehicle positioning and battery replacement operation automation, there are still some shortcomings. When a vehicle is replacing batteries, the battery replacement device needs to rely on an internal mechanical mechanism to first remove the depleted battery at the battery replacement site and place it in the corresponding slot of the battery compartment, and then remove the fully charged battery from the corresponding slot of the battery compartment and install it on the electric vehicle. These two key steps must be completed at the battery replacement site. This process makes it difficult to further improve the efficiency of battery replacement. Because the steps of the entire battery replacement process on site are cumbersome and highly coherent, the connection time between each link is difficult to compress, which limits the improvement of the battery replacement speed, cannot fully meet the urgent needs of electric vehicle users for fast battery replacement, and is not conducive to the promotion and application of electric vehicle battery replacement services in large-scale, high-efficiency scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an electric vehicle battery replacement device and a battery replacement method that can effectively improve on-site battery replacement efficiency and shorten battery replacement time.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the electric vehicle battery replacement device designed in the present invention includes a supporting and positioning mechanism for carrying and positioning the vehicle at the battery replacement position; a battery replacement compartment located below the supporting and positioning mechanism and used for storing and charging batteries; a loading and unloading mechanism for removing depleted batteries from the bottom of the vehicle or assembling fully charged batteries to the bottom of the vehicle; a loading and unloading mechanism for placing depleted batteries in the battery replacement compartment or removing fully charged batteries from the battery replacement compartment; a first battery placement slot for carrying depleted batteries and a second battery placement slot for carrying fully charged batteries; and a conveying mechanism for changing the positions of the first battery placement slot and the second battery placement slot.

[0007] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism can enable the low-charged battery in the first battery placement slot and the fully-charged battery in the second battery placement slot to be located at the loading and unloading station corresponding to the loading and unloading mechanism or the picking and unloading station corresponding to the picking and unloading mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the supporting and positioning mechanism includes a supporting top seat for supporting the vehicle and a positioning device arranged on the supporting top seat and used to position four tires of the vehicle respectively. A battery replacement port for replacing batteries is provided on the supporting top seat.

[0009] Further, the positioning device includes a front wheel positioning device for positioning the two front wheels of the vehicle and a rear wheel positioning device for positioning the two rear wheels of the vehicle;

[0010] Furthermore, the front wheel alignment device includes two front wheel alignment grooves opened on the support top seat and used to position the front wheels of the vehicle respectively, and front wheel alignment push plates respectively located in the two front wheel alignment grooves and capable of synchronously expanding outward or contracting inward along the width direction of the vehicle; the rear wheel alignment device includes two rear wheel alignment grooves opened on the support top seat and used to position the rear wheels of the vehicle respectively, and rear wheel alignment push plates respectively located in the two rear wheel alignment grooves and capable of synchronously expanding outward or contracting inward along the width direction of the vehicle.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery swap compartment includes a battery swap compartment bracket and a battery swap compartment battery positioning structure arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment, and the low-charged batteries or the fully-charged batteries are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment bracket through the battery swap compartment battery positioning structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the loading and unloading mechanism includes a loading and unloading support plate and a loading and unloading drive guide device for moving the loading and unloading support plate up and down, and the loading and unloading support plate is provided with a loading and unloading battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning the depleted battery or the fully charged battery.

[0013] Furthermore, the loading and unloading driving guide device includes an loading and unloading screw nut mechanism arranged along the up and down moving direction of the loading and unloading support plate, and an loading and unloading driving device for driving the loading and unloading screw of the loading and unloading screw nut mechanism to rotate around its axial direction, and the loading and unloading support plate is fixed on the loading and unloading nut of the loading and unloading screw nut mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the material picking and placing mechanism includes a material picking and placing support arm and a material picking and placing drive guide device for moving the material picking and placing support arm up and down, the material picking and placing support arm includes a material picking and placing arm that can enter or exit the battery exchange bin along a set direction and a material picking and placing arm drive guide device for reciprocating the material picking and placing arm along a set direction, and the material picking and placing arm is provided with a material picking and placing battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning the depleted battery or the fully charged battery.

[0015] Furthermore, the material picking and unloading driving guide device includes a material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism arranged along the up and down moving direction of the material picking and unloading support arm, and a material picking and unloading driving device for driving the material picking and unloading screw of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism to rotate around its axial direction, and the material picking and unloading support arm is fixed on the material picking and unloading nut of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism;

[0016] Furthermore, the material picking and placing support arm includes a slide rail and slider mechanism arranged along a set direction and a picking and placing arm driving device for driving the slider of the slide rail and slider mechanism to reciprocate along the slide rail of the slide rail and slider mechanism, and the picking and placing arm is fixed on the slider of the slide rail and slider mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt is provided with the first battery placement slot and the second battery placement slot.

[0018] Furthermore, a battery replacement method based on a battery replacement device for an electric vehicle is provided: the loading and unloading mechanism takes out a fully charged battery from the battery replacement compartment and places it in a second battery placement slot, the vehicle drives onto the supporting and positioning mechanism, the vehicle releases the low-charged battery, the loading and unloading mechanism takes out the low-charged battery from the bottom of the vehicle and places it in the first battery placement slot, the conveying mechanism transports the fully charged battery in the second battery placement slot to the loading and unloading station, the loading and unloading mechanism takes out the fully charged battery from the second battery placement slot and installs it at the bottom of the vehicle, the vehicle locks the fully charged battery, the conveying mechanism transports the low-charged battery in the first battery placement slot to the loading and unloading station, the loading and unloading mechanism stores the low-charged battery in the battery replacement compartment, and the first battery placement slot is placed at the loading and unloading station and the second battery placement slot is placed at the loading and unloading station through the conveying mechanism.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the support and positioning mechanism designed by the present invention can ensure that the vehicle is accurately positioned at the battery replacement position, providing a stable and precise foundation for subsequent battery replacement operations. Stable positioning can avoid problems such as inaccurate docking between the loading and unloading mechanism and the vehicle battery interface due to vehicle position deviation, improve the success rate and safety of battery replacement operations, and reduce potential damage to the vehicle and battery replacement equipment due to misoperation. The loading and unloading mechanism and the loading and unloading mechanism have clear division of labor. The loading and unloading mechanism focuses on the disassembly and installation of the battery at the bottom of the vehicle. Its design targets the space at the bottom of the vehicle and the battery installation structure, and can efficiently and quickly complete the key steps of removing the low-power battery and assembling the fully charged battery. The loading and unloading mechanism is specifically responsible for the transfer of the battery between the battery replacement compartment and the battery placement slot. This specialized design enables each mechanism to optimize its specific task and improve the efficiency and reliability of the overall battery replacement process. Battery replacement compartment: located below the support and positioning mechanism, it makes full use of the space and makes the structure of the entire battery replacement device more compact. The battery swap warehouse not only bears the storage function of the battery, but also can charge the battery in it, realizing the integration of battery storage and charging, reducing the battery turnover links and the required space, and improving the site utilization rate and energy management efficiency. By setting up special slots for low-power batteries and fully-charged batteries, and using the conveying mechanism to flexibly change their positions, the orderly flow of batteries between different stations is realized. The conveying mechanism ensures that the battery can accurately and timely reach the loading and unloading station or the picking and unloading station, avoiding the time waste and operation risks caused by manual handling or complex track switching, and improving the automation and fluency of the battery swap process. In this battery swap device and method, after the vehicle drives onto the supporting positioning mechanism, each mechanism works together according to a predetermined procedure. The loading and unloading mechanism directly takes out the low-power battery from the bottom of the vehicle and places it in the first battery placement slot, and the picking and unloading mechanism takes out the fully-charged battery from the battery swap warehouse in advance and places it in the second battery placement slot. There is no need to take out the fully-charged battery on site. The fully-charged battery can be directly transported to the loading and unloading station for installation through the conveying mechanism. After the battery is swapped, the vehicle can leave without completing the storage and charging of the low-power battery on site. The waiting time during the battery replacement process is greatly reduced, and the overall battery replacement time is significantly shortened. The compact device structure and reasonable layout reduce the demand for battery replacement sites. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the battery replacement device for an electric vehicle in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of the internal structure of the battery replacement device for an electric vehicle in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of the front wheel alignment device in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the battery swap compartment in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional diagram of a battery in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the loading and unloading mechanism in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of a pick-and-place arm of a pick-and-place mechanism in the present invention in a retracted state;

[0027] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a pick-and-place arm of a pick-and-place mechanism in the present invention in an extended state;

[0028] Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.10 A three-dimensional diagram of a conveying mechanism with one side of a conveyor belt support seat removed in the present invention;

[0030] Among them, 1—support and positioning mechanism (1.1—support top seat), 2—battery swapping bin (2.1—battery swapping bin bracket, 2.2—battery swapping bin positioning pin), 3—loading and unloading mechanism (3.1—loading and unloading support plate, 3.2—loading and unloading screw nut mechanism, 3.3—loading and unloading drive device, 3.4—loading and unloading guide rod, 3.5—loading and unloading guide sleeve), 4—taking and unloading mechanism (4.1—taking and unloading support arm, 4.2—taking and unloading screw nut mechanism, 4.3—taking and unloading drive device, 4.4—taking and unloading guide rod, 4.5—taking and unloading guide sleeve), 5—first battery placement slot, 6—second battery placement slot, 7—transmission mechanism (7.1—conveyor belt, 7.2—conveyor belt drive motor, 7.3—conveyor belt wheel, 7.4—conveyor belt support seat ), 8—battery exchange port, 9—front wheel positioning groove, 10—front wheel positioning push plate, 11—rear wheel positioning groove, 12—rear wheel positioning push plate, 13—loading and unloading screw rods, 14—loading and unloading nuts, 15—pick-up and unloading arms, 16—pick-up and unloading screw rods, 17—groove rollers, 18—pick-up and unloading nuts, 19—slide rail slider mechanism, 20—slide block, 21—slide rail, 22—pick-up and unloading arm drive device, 23—battery outer positioning groove, 24—battery inner positioning groove, 25—loading and unloading support positioning pin, 26—double-headed hydraulic cylinder, 27—pick-up and unloading arm bracket, 28—pick-up and unloading arm guide rack, 29—pick-up and unloading arm support positioning pin, 30—battery exchange device frame, 31—support shell, 32—battery, 33—first bevel gear, 34—second bevel gear, 35—pick-up and unloading arm drive gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 10 , in certain embodiments, the battery replacement device of an electric vehicle designed by the present invention includes a supporting and positioning mechanism 1 for carrying and positioning the vehicle at a battery replacement position; a battery replacement compartment 2 located below the supporting and positioning mechanism 1 for storing and charging batteries; a loading and unloading mechanism 3 for removing depleted batteries from the bottom of the vehicle or assembling fully charged batteries to the bottom of the vehicle; a loading and unloading mechanism 4 for placing depleted batteries in the battery replacement compartment 2 or removing fully charged batteries from the battery replacement compartment 2; a first battery placement slot 5 for carrying depleted batteries and a second battery placement slot 6 for carrying fully charged batteries; a conveying mechanism 7 for changing the position of the first battery placement slot 5 and the second battery placement slot 6; the conveying mechanism 7 can be used to place the depleted batteries in the first battery placement slot 5 and the fully charged batteries in the second battery placement slot 6 at the loading and unloading station corresponding to the loading and unloading mechanism 3 or the loading and unloading station corresponding to the loading and unloading mechanism 4.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] Based on some embodiments, the support and positioning mechanism 1 is optimized and designed: Figure 1As shown in FIG. 3 , the support and positioning mechanism 1 includes a support top seat 1.1 for carrying the vehicle and a positioning device arranged on the support top seat 1.1 and respectively used to position the four tires of the vehicle. The support top seat 1.1 is provided with a battery replacement port 8 for replacing the battery. The positioning device includes a front wheel positioning device for positioning the two front wheels of the vehicle and a rear wheel positioning device for positioning the two rear wheels of the vehicle; the front wheel positioning device includes two front wheel positioning grooves 9 opened on the support top seat 1.1 and respectively used to position the front wheels of the vehicle, and front wheel positioning push plates 10 respectively located in the two front wheel positioning grooves 9 and capable of synchronously expanding outward or contracting inward along the width direction of the vehicle; the front wheel positioning push plates 10 are driven by a double-headed hydraulic cylinder 26, and the double-headed hydraulic cylinder 26 is fixed on the support top seat 1.1. The rear wheel alignment device includes two rear wheel alignment grooves 11 provided on the support top seat 1.1 and used to respectively locate the rear wheels of the vehicle, and rear wheel alignment push plates 12 respectively located in the two rear wheel alignment grooves 11 and capable of synchronously expanding outward or contracting inward along the width direction of the vehicle; similarly, the rear wheel alignment push plates 12 can also be driven by a double-headed hydraulic cylinder 26, which is fixed on the support top seat 1.1. In order to further support the vehicle and position the vehicle on the support top seat 1.1, groove rollers 17 are provided in both the front wheel alignment groove 9 and the rear wheel alignment groove 11.

[0035] Embodiment 2

[0036] On the basis of some embodiments or embodiment 1, the battery swap compartment 2 is optimized and designed: Figure 4 As shown, the battery swap compartment 2 includes a battery swap compartment bracket 2.1 and a battery swap compartment battery positioning structure arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment 2.1. The low-power batteries or fully-charged batteries are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment bracket 2.1 through the battery swap compartment battery positioning structure. Figure 5 As shown, the bottom surface of the battery 32 is provided with four battery outer positioning grooves 23 on the outside and four battery inner positioning grooves 24 on the inside. The battery positioning structure of the battery swap compartment includes multiple layers of battery swap compartment positioning pins 2.2 arranged at intervals. Each layer of battery swap compartment positioning pins includes four battery swap compartment positioning pins 2.2 that cooperate with the battery outer positioning grooves 23. Each low-charge battery or fully-charged battery is supported on four battery swap compartment positioning pins 2.2.

[0037] Embodiment 3

[0038] On the basis of some embodiments or embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, the loading and unloading mechanism 3 is further optimized: Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the loading and unloading mechanism 3 includes a loading and unloading support plate 3.1 and a loading and unloading driving guide device for moving the loading and unloading support plate 3.1 up and down. The loading and unloading support plate 3.1 is provided with a loading and unloading battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning a low-power battery or a fully-charged battery. The loading and unloading battery positioning structure includes a loading and unloading support positioning pin 25 provided on the top of the loading and unloading support plate 3.1. The loading and unloading support positioning pin 25 cooperates with the battery outer side positioning groove 23. The battery 32 is supported by four loading and unloading support positioning pins 25 on the two loading and unloading support plates 3.1, and the low-power battery is removed from the bottom of the vehicle, or the fully-charged battery is lifted to the installation position at the bottom of the vehicle. The loading and unloading driving guide device includes a loading and unloading screw nut mechanism 3.2 arranged along the up and down moving direction of the loading and unloading support plate 3.1, and a loading and unloading driving device 3.3 for driving the loading and unloading screw 13 of the loading and unloading screw nut mechanism 3.2 to rotate around its axial direction. It includes a double-headed motor, a first bevel gear 33 connected to the motor shaft of the double-headed motor, and a second bevel gear 34 coaxially fixed to the material picking and unloading screw rod 16. The double-headed motor drives the first bevel gear 33 to rotate, and the material picking and unloading screw rod 16 is driven to rotate through the engagement of the first bevel gear 33 and the second bevel gear 34, thereby driving the material picking and unloading nut 18 to move up and down. The loading and unloading support plate 3.1 is fixed on the loading and unloading nut 14, and the loading and unloading nut 14 drives the loading and unloading support plate 3.1 to rise and fall. At the same time, in order to further guide the loading and unloading support plate 3.1, an loading and unloading guide rod 3.4 and an loading and unloading guide sleeve 3.5 are also arranged, and the loading and unloading support plate 3.1 is fixed on the loading and unloading guide sleeve 3.5.

[0039] Embodiment 4

[0040] On the basis of some embodiments or embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, the material taking and placing mechanism 4 is optimized: Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown in Figure 8, the material picking and placing mechanism 4 includes a material picking and placing support arm 4.1 and a material picking and placing drive guide device for moving the material picking and placing support arm 4.1 up and down, the material picking and placing support arm 4.1 includes a material picking and placing arm 15 that can enter or exit the battery swap compartment 2 along a set direction and a material picking and placing arm drive guide device for reciprocating the material picking and placing arm 15 along a set direction, and the material picking and placing arm 15 is provided with a material picking and placing battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning a low-charge battery or a fully-charged battery. Similar to the loading and unloading driving guide device, the material picking and unloading driving guide device includes a material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism 4.2 arranged along the up and down moving direction of the material picking and unloading support arm 4.1, and a material picking and unloading driving device 4.3 (double-headed motor) for driving the material picking and unloading screw 16 of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism 4.2 to rotate around its axial direction. The material picking and unloading support arm 4.1 is fixed to the material picking and unloading nut 18 of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism 4.2; at the same time, in order to further guide the material picking and unloading support arm 4.1, a material picking and unloading guide rod 4.4 and a material picking and unloading guide sleeve 4.5 are also arranged, and the material picking and unloading support arm 4.1 is fixed to the material picking and unloading guide sleeve 4.5. The material picking and placing support arm 4.1 includes a picking and placing arm bracket 27, a slide rail slider mechanism 19 arranged in the picking and placing arm bracket 27, and a picking and placing arm driving device 22 for driving the slider 20 of the slide rail slider mechanism 19 to reciprocate along the slide rail 21 of the slide rail slider mechanism 19. The picking and placing arm 15 is fixed on the slider 20 of the slide rail slider mechanism 19. The pick-and-place arm driving device 22 is a motor, and a pick-and-place arm driving gear 35 is fixed to the motor shaft of the motor. A pick-and-place arm guide rack 28 is fixed in the pick-and-place arm bracket 27. The movement of the slider 20 along the slide rail 21 is achieved through the cooperation between the pick-and-place arm driving gear 35 and the pick-and-place arm guide rack 28, thereby achieving the reciprocating movement of the pick-and-place arm 15 along the set direction. The pick-and-place arm 15 is provided with a pick-and-place arm support positioning pin 29 that cooperates with the battery inner side positioning groove 24 of the battery 32. The support of the battery 32 is achieved through the cooperation between the four pick-and-place arm support positioning pins 29 on the two pick-and-place arms 15 and the four battery inner side positioning pins 24.

[0041] Embodiment 5

[0042] On the basis of some embodiments or embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, the transmission mechanism 7 is optimized: Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 10 , the transmission mechanism 7 comprises a conveyor belt 7.1, on which a first battery placement slot 5 and a second battery placement slot 6 are arranged, and the conveyor belt 7.1 is driven by a conveyor belt driving motor 7.2.

[0043] Embodiment 6

[0044] Based on some of the above embodiments or embodiment one or embodiment two or embodiment three or embodiment four or embodiment five, a battery replacement method is designed, comprising the following steps: a loading and unloading mechanism 4 takes out a fully charged battery from the battery replacement compartment 2 and places it in the second battery placement slot 6, the vehicle drives onto the supporting and positioning mechanism 1, the vehicle releases the low-charged battery, the loading and unloading mechanism 3 takes out the low-charged battery from the bottom of the vehicle and places it in the first battery placement slot 5, the conveying mechanism 7 transports the fully charged battery in the second battery placement slot 6 to the loading and unloading station, the loading and unloading mechanism 3 takes out the fully charged battery from the second battery placement slot 6 and installs it at the bottom of the vehicle, the vehicle locks the fully charged battery, the conveying mechanism 7 transports the low-charged battery in the first battery placement slot 5 to the loading and unloading station, the loading and unloading mechanism 4 stores the low-charged battery in the battery replacement compartment 2, and the first battery placement slot 5 is placed at the loading and unloading station through the conveying mechanism 7, and the second battery placement slot 6 is placed at the loading and unloading station.

[0045] Specifically, when the vehicle is changing batteries, the owner drives the vehicle onto the supporting top seat 1.1, so that the wheels enter the front wheel positioning groove 9 and the rear wheel positioning groove 11 respectively, and then the vehicle is put into neutral gear. The grooves on the surface of the groove roller 17 are used to longitudinally position the vehicle, and the front wheel positioning push plate 10 and the rear wheel positioning push plate 12 are driven by the double-headed hydraulic cylinder 26 to move in the direction close to the wheels, pushing the wheels to move laterally, thereby positioning the vehicle laterally, so that the position of the vehicle battery is aligned with the battery replacement port 8, and the first bevel gear 33 is driven to rotate by the double-headed motor of the loading and unloading mechanism, and the first The bevel gear 33 drives the second bevel gear 34 and the pick-up and discharge screw 16 to rotate. When the first bevel gear 33 rotates, it drives the loading and unloading support plate 3.1 to move up and down through the pick-up and discharge nut 18. The double-headed motor of the pick-up and discharge mechanism drives the pick-up and discharge support arm 4.1 to move to the bottom of the corresponding fully charged battery pack. The pick-up and discharge arm driving device 22 (motor) drives the pick-up and discharge arm driving gear 35 to rotate. The pick-up and discharge arm driving gear 35 is engaged with the pick-up and discharge arm guide rack 28, thereby driving the slider 20 and the pick-up and discharge arm 15 to enter the battery replacement warehouse 2, so that the pick-up and discharge arm support positioning pin 29 is in the battery replacement warehouse 2. Directly below the inner positioning groove 24, the lifting mechanism drives the pick-up and placement arm support positioning pin 29 to be inserted into the inner positioning groove 24 of the battery, and lifts the fully charged battery upward, so that the outer positioning groove 23 of the battery is separated from the battery swap compartment positioning pin 2.2, thereby taking the fully charged battery out of the battery swap compartment 2 and placing it in the second battery placement groove 6, and then the pick-up and placement arm 15 is separated from the fully charged battery. When the electric vehicle is to be replaced with a battery, the lifting mechanism drives the two loading and unloading support plates 3.1 to move upward, and the loading and unloading support positioning pin 25 is inserted into the inner positioning groove 23 of the battery, and the vehicle is lifted upward. The battery is released and placed on the top of the loading and unloading support plate 3.1. The low-power battery is then placed in the first battery placement slot 5 through the lifting mechanism. The loading and unloading support plate 3.1 is separated from the low-power battery. Then, the fully charged battery in the second battery placement slot 6 is moved to the bottom of the battery exchange port 8 through the conveyor belt 7.1. The two loading and unloading support plates 3.1 are driven upward by the lifting mechanism. When the loading and unloading support plates 3.1 move upward, the fully charged battery in the second battery placement slot 6 is lifted up and placed at the bottom of the vehicle. After the vehicle and the battery are locked, the vehicle can be driven away. Then, the low-power battery in the first battery placement slot 5 is moved to the position of the material taking and unloading mechanism 4 through the conveyor belt 7.1. The low-power battery is placed inside the battery exchange warehouse 2 through the material taking and unloading mechanism 4. The battery is recharged through the charger inside the battery exchange warehouse 2. Then, the conveyor belt 7.1 repositions the first battery placement slot 5 to the bottom of the battery exchange port 8. The fully charged battery is taken out from the inside of the battery exchange warehouse 2 through the material taking and unloading mechanism and placed in the second battery placement slot 6, thereby completing the reset operation before battery exchange. The present invention divides the two major steps of the existing vehicle battery replacement into four minor steps, and completes the operations of taking out the fully charged battery and storing the depleted battery after the vehicle leaves, thereby effectively reducing the battery replacement time and further improving the battery replacement efficiency.

[0046] In summary, the support and positioning mechanism designed by the present invention can ensure that the vehicle is accurately positioned at the battery replacement position, providing a stable and precise foundation for subsequent battery replacement operations. Stable positioning can avoid problems such as inaccurate docking between the loading and unloading mechanism and the vehicle battery interface due to vehicle position deviation, improve the success rate and safety of battery replacement operations, and reduce potential damage to vehicles and battery replacement equipment caused by misoperation. The loading and unloading mechanism and the loading and unloading mechanism have clear division of labor. The loading and unloading mechanism focuses on the disassembly and installation of the battery at the bottom of the vehicle. Its design targets the space at the bottom of the vehicle and the battery installation structure, and can efficiently and quickly complete the key steps of removing the low-power battery and assembling the fully charged battery. The loading and unloading mechanism is specifically responsible for the transfer of the battery between the battery replacement compartment and the battery placement slot. This specialized design enables each mechanism to optimize its specific task and improve the efficiency and reliability of the overall battery replacement process. Battery replacement compartment: located below the support and positioning mechanism, it makes full use of the space and makes the structure of the entire battery replacement device more compact. The battery swap warehouse not only bears the storage function of the battery, but also can charge the battery in it, realizing the integration of battery storage and charging, reducing the battery turnover links and the required space, and improving the site utilization rate and energy management efficiency. By setting up special slots for low-power batteries and fully-charged batteries, and using the conveying mechanism to flexibly change their positions, the orderly flow of batteries between different stations is realized. The conveying mechanism ensures that the battery can accurately and timely reach the loading and unloading station or the picking and unloading station, avoiding the time waste and operation risks caused by manual handling or complex track switching, and improving the automation and fluency of the battery swap process. In this battery swap device and method, after the vehicle drives onto the supporting positioning mechanism, each mechanism works together according to a predetermined procedure. The loading and unloading mechanism directly takes out the low-power battery from the bottom of the vehicle and places it in the first battery placement slot, and the picking and unloading mechanism takes out the fully-charged battery from the battery swap warehouse in advance and places it in the second battery placement slot. There is no need to take out the fully-charged battery on site. The fully-charged battery can be directly transported to the loading and unloading station for installation through the conveying mechanism. After the battery is swapped, the vehicle can leave without completing the storage and charging of the low-power battery on site. The waiting time during the battery replacement process is greatly reduced, and the overall battery replacement time is significantly shortened. The compact device structure and reasonable layout reduce the demand for battery replacement sites.

[0047] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many variations. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be considered to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery replacement device for an electric vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a supporting and positioning mechanism (1) for carrying and positioning a vehicle at a battery replacement position; a battery replacement compartment (2) located below the supporting and positioning mechanism (1) and for storing and charging batteries; A loading and unloading mechanism (3) for removing a low-charged battery from the bottom of a vehicle or for installing a fully-charged battery on the bottom of the vehicle; a loading and unloading mechanism (4) for placing a low-charged battery in a battery swapping compartment (2) or for removing a fully-charged battery from the battery swapping compartment (2); a first battery placement slot (5) for carrying a low-charged battery and a second battery placement slot (6) for carrying a fully-charged battery; a conveying mechanism (7) for changing the positions of the first battery placement slot (5) and the second battery placement slot (6); The conveying mechanism (7) can enable the low-charged battery in the first battery placement slot (5) and the fully-charged battery in the second battery placement slot (6) to be located at a loading and unloading station corresponding to the loading and unloading mechanism (3) or a picking and unloading station corresponding to the picking and unloading mechanism (4).

2. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support and positioning mechanism (1) comprises a support top seat (1.1) for supporting a vehicle and positioning devices arranged on the support top seat (1.1) and respectively used for positioning four tires of the vehicle; the support top seat (1.1) is provided with a battery replacement port (8) for replacing batteries.

3. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning device comprises a front wheel positioning device for positioning the two front wheels of the vehicle and a rear wheel positioning device for positioning the two rear wheels of the vehicle; The front wheel positioning device comprises two front wheel positioning grooves (9) provided on the support top seat (1.1) and used for positioning the front wheels of the vehicle respectively, and front wheel positioning push plates (10) respectively located in the two front wheel positioning grooves (9) and capable of synchronously expanding outwards or contracting inwards along the width direction of the vehicle; the rear wheel positioning device comprises two rear wheel positioning grooves (11) provided on the support top seat (1.1) and used for positioning the rear wheels of the vehicle respectively, and rear wheel positioning push plates (12) respectively located in the two rear wheel positioning grooves (11) and capable of synchronously expanding outwards or contracting inwards along the width direction of the vehicle.

4. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery swap compartment (2) comprises a battery swap compartment bracket (2.1) and a battery swap compartment battery positioning structure arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment (2.1); the low-charged batteries or the fully-charged batteries are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the battery swap compartment bracket (2.1) via the battery swap compartment battery positioning structure.

5. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading and unloading mechanism (3) comprises a loading and unloading support plate (3.1) and a loading and unloading driving guide device for moving the loading and unloading support plate (3.1) up and down, and the loading and unloading support plate (3.1) is provided with a loading and unloading battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning the low-charge battery or the fully-charged battery.

6. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The loading and unloading driving guide device comprises a loading and unloading screw rod and nut mechanism (3.2) arranged along the up and down moving direction of the loading and unloading support plate (3.1), and a loading and unloading driving device (3.3) used for driving the loading and unloading screw rod (13) of the loading and unloading screw rod and nut mechanism (3.2) to rotate around its axial direction, and the loading and unloading support plate (3.1) is fixed on the loading and unloading nut (14) of the loading and unloading screw rod and nut mechanism (3.2).

7. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material picking and placing mechanism (4) comprises a material picking and placing support arm (4.1) and a material picking and placing drive guide device for moving the material picking and placing support arm (4.1) up and down; the material picking and placing support arm (4.1) comprises a material picking and placing arm (15) capable of entering into the battery swapping compartment (2) or exiting from the battery swapping compartment (2) along a set direction and a material picking and placing arm drive guide device for moving the material picking and placing arm (15) back and forth along a set direction; the material picking and placing arm (15) is provided with a material picking and placing battery positioning structure for carrying and positioning the low-charge battery or the fully-charged battery.

8. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material picking and unloading driving guide device comprises a material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism (4.2) arranged along the up and down moving direction of the material picking and unloading support arm (4.1), and a material picking and unloading driving device (4.3) for driving the material picking and unloading screw (16) of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism (4.2) to rotate around its axial direction, and the material picking and unloading support arm (4.1) is fixed on the material picking and unloading nut (18) of the material picking and unloading screw nut mechanism (4.2); The material picking and placing support arm (4.1) comprises a slide rail and slider mechanism (19) arranged along a set direction and a picking and placing arm driving device (22) for driving a slider (20) of the slide rail and slider mechanism (19) to reciprocate along a slide rail (21) of the slide rail and slider mechanism (19); the picking and placing arm (15) is fixed on the slider (20) of the slide rail and slider mechanism (19).

9. The electric vehicle battery replacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (7) comprises a conveyor belt (7.1), and the conveyor belt (7.1) is provided with the first battery placement slot (5) and the second battery placement slot (6).

10. A battery replacement method based on the battery replacement device of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The loading and unloading mechanism (4) takes out a fully charged battery from the battery swap compartment (2) and places it in the second battery placement slot (6). The vehicle drives onto the supporting and positioning mechanism (1), and the vehicle releases the low-charged battery. The loading and unloading mechanism (3) takes out the low-charged battery from the bottom of the vehicle and places it in the first battery placement slot (5). The conveying mechanism (7) transports the fully charged battery in the second battery placement slot (6) to the loading and unloading station. The loading and unloading mechanism (3) takes out the fully charged battery from the second battery placement slot (6) and installs it at the bottom of the vehicle. The vehicle locks the fully charged battery. The conveying mechanism (7) transports the low-charged battery in the first battery placement slot (5) to the loading and unloading station. The loading and unloading mechanism (4) stores the low-charged battery in the battery swap compartment (2). The first battery placement slot (5) is placed at the loading and unloading station through the conveying mechanism (7), and the second battery placement slot (6) is placed at the loading and unloading station.

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