Skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor, and belongs to the technical field of surgical experiment models. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on the visual sensor comprises a suturing device frame, detection plates are installed on the two sides of the interior of the suturing device frame, and laser sensors are installed in the detection plates; a visual detection sensor is installed at the lower end of the connecting frame, and a driving shaft is installed between the connecting frame and the sewing device frame. The problems that an existing simulation suturing device is poor in wound and skin model positioning detection effect, and the training quality is affected are solved, a visual imaging module is adopted for positioning and measuring an incision in the surface of a skin epidermis layer, detection plates on the two sides of the interior of a suturing device frame conduct secondary positioning work, and the suturing quality is improved. A plurality of laser sensors in the detection plate are opposite to opposite laser sensors, so that multi-directional positioning work can be carried out, and the training effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of surgical experimental models, and in particular to a skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor. Background Art

[0002] Surgical wound suturing is a basic technique for doctors or nurses. In order to train suturing skills, doctors and nurses, including relevant students, use various methods, from simple suture blocks made by themselves with simple gauze to suture blocks made of soft materials on the market that simulate human skin.

[0003] A Chinese patent with announcement number CN211319561U discloses a skin surgery simulation suturing device. In view of the problem that the model is still prone to shaking after being fixed during the existing technology, this patent controls the up and down movement of the suction cup through a rotating rod. When the device needs to be fixed, the suction cup can be lowered to be adsorbed on the table. At the same time, the pull rod can increase the suction force of the suction cup, making the suction cup adhere more firmly, so that the device hardly shakes during the simulated suturing drill.

[0004] The simulated suturing device of the above patent is inconvenient to operate the model during actual use, and has poor positioning detection effect on the wound and skin model, which affects the training quality; therefore, it does not meet the existing needs. We propose a skin surgery simulated suturing device based on a visual sensor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor, which solves the problem that the simulation suturing device proposed in the above background technology is inconvenient to operate the model during actual use, and has poor positioning detection effect on the wound and skin model, affecting the training quality.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor, comprising a suturing device frame, detection plates are installed on both sides of the interior of the suturing device frame, and a laser sensor is installed inside the detection plate;

[0007] Connecting frames are installed on both sides of the upper part of the suturing device frame, a visual detection sensor is installed at the lower end of the connecting frame, and a driving shaft is installed between the connecting frame and the suturing device frame;

[0008] Two skin epidermis layers are arranged inside the suturing device frame, and a skin dermis layer, a subcutaneous fat layer and a subcutaneous tissue layer are arranged below the skin epidermis layers.

[0009] Preferably, the detection plate is connected to the suturing device frame by fixing screws, the positions of the two detection plates correspond to each other, and the laser sensor is used to detect the positions of two skin epidermal layers.

[0010] Preferably, stepper motors are installed on both sides of the rear end of the suturing device frame, the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame, the motor shaft of the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the drive shaft via a coupling, the drive shaft is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, the connecting frame is rotatably connected to the suturing device frame via a bearing, the stepper motor drives the drive shaft and the connecting frame to rotate, and the connecting frame drives multiple laser sensors to move, thereby increasing the detection range of the laser sensor to adapt to multi-angle detection work.

[0011] Preferably, an integrally formed slide groove is provided inside the connecting frame, the visual detection sensor is slidably connected to the connecting frame via the slide groove, the visual detection sensor is fixedly connected to the connecting frame via an electromagnet, and a sensor probe is provided at the lower end of the visual detection sensor, and the sensor probe is used to monitor and measure the length of the skin model incision.

[0012] Preferably, a rear baffle is installed at the rear end of the suturing device frame, and the rear baffle is connected to the suturing device frame by fixing screws. A fill light is installed on the outside of the rear baffle, and the fill light is used to increase the brightness inside the suturing device frame. By turning on the fill light to illuminate the epidermis of the skin inside the suturing device frame, the experimental effect is improved.

[0013] Preferably, positioning sleeves are passed through the four corners of the skin epidermis layer, skin dermis layer, subcutaneous fat layer and subcutaneous tissue layer, and the positioning sleeves are fixedly connected to the four corners of the skin epidermis layer, skin dermis layer, subcutaneous fat layer and subcutaneous tissue layer. The four corners of the skin epidermis layer, skin dermis layer, subcutaneous fat layer and subcutaneous tissue layer are driven to move at the same time through the fixed sleeves to facilitate adjustment.

[0014] Preferably, a threaded rod is installed below the positioning sleeve, an upper end of the threaded rod is provided with an integrally formed spherical joint, and a lower end of the positioning sleeve is provided with an integrally formed spherical movable groove, and the spherical joint extends to the spherical movable groove and is movably connected to the positioning sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, a fixed sleeve is installed below the threaded rod, the fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame, an integrally formed guide channel is provided inside the fixed sleeve, and the lower end of the threaded rod extends into the guide channel and is slidably connected to the fixed sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, a fastening nut is installed at the upper end of the fixed sleeve, and the threaded rod passes through the fastening nut and is connected with the fastening nut by threads. The fastening nut is slidably connected with the fixed sleeve through a sleeve. According to training needs, the fastening nut is adjusted, and the rotation of the fastening nut drives the threaded rod to rotate, and the threaded rod drives the positioning sleeve to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height position of the four corners of the skin epidermis.

[0017] Preferably, a capillary layer is provided between the subcutaneous tissue layer and the subcutaneous fat layer, and the capillary layer is respectively bonded to the subcutaneous tissue layer and the subcutaneous fat layer, and a blood bag is provided inside the capillary layer, and simulated blood is provided inside the blood bag, the skin epidermis layer is provided as a composite material mixed with silicone and resin, and the subcutaneous tissue layer is provided as a resin layer mixed with EVA resin and PVC resin, and simulated blood is filled into the capillary layer at a certain pressure to fully simulate the capillary network. When suturing training is performed, once a large force is applied, the capillary layer will be punctured to cause blood spurting, thereby achieving a realistic simulation effect.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. When the suturing device of the present invention is in use, a connecting frame is arranged above the epidermis of the skin, and a visual detection sensor installed at the lower end of the connecting frame can monitor the epidermis of the skin, and a visual imaging module is used to locate and measure the incision on the surface of the epidermis of the skin. Secondary positioning can be performed by detection plates on both sides of the internal frame of the suturing device, and multiple laser sensors inside the detection plates are used to shoot against the opposite laser sensors, so that multi-directional positioning can be performed to improve the training effect.

[0020] 2. When the suturing device of the present invention is in use, the fastening nut is adjusted according to the training requirements. The rotation of the fastening nut drives the threaded rod to rotate, and the threaded rod drives the positioning sleeve to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height positions of the four corners of the skin epidermis to meet the training requirements. The spherical joint at the upper end of the threaded rod cooperates with the spherical movable groove inside the positioning sleeve to adapt to different angles and orientations, thereby improving the adjustment effect, having strong adaptability and better practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the present invention from the front;

[0022] Figure 2 is an axonometric view of the present invention from the rear;

[0023] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of the present invention from above;

[0024] Figure 4 An axonometric view of the present invention viewed from above;

[0025] Figure 5 An axonometric view of the subcutaneous tissue layer and the visual detection sensor of the present invention after adjustment;

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of area A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the fixing sleeve and the positioning sleeve of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Suturing device frame; 101. Detection board; 102. Laser sensor; 2. Stepper motor; 201. Drive shaft; 202. Connecting frame; 203. Visual detection sensor; 204. Sensor probe; 3. Rear shielding plate; 301. Fill light; 4. Epidermis layer of skin; 401. Fixing sleeve; 402. Threaded rod; 403. Subcutaneous tissue layer; 404. Positioning sleeve; 405. Dermis layer of skin; 406. Subcutaneous fat layer; 407. Guide channel; 408. Fastening nut; 409. Spherical joint; 410. Spherical movable groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to solve the problems that the existing simulation suturing device is inconvenient to operate the model during actual use, and the positioning detection effect of the wound and skin model is poor, which affects the training quality, please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 4 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0031] A skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor comprises a suturing device frame 1, detection plates 101 are installed on both sides of the interior of the suturing device frame 1, laser sensors 102 are installed inside the detection plates 101, and multiple laser sensors 102 inside the detection plates 101 are radiated against the laser sensors 102 facing each other, so that multi-directional positioning can be performed to improve the training effect;

[0032] In addition, connecting frames 202 are installed on both sides of the upper part of the suturing device frame 1, and a visual detection sensor 203 is installed at the lower end of the connecting frame 202. A driving shaft 201 is installed between the connecting frame 202 and the suturing device frame 1. When the suturing device is in use, the connecting frame 202 is arranged above the epidermis layer 4 of the skin, and the visual detection sensor 203 installed at the lower end of the connecting frame 202 can monitor the epidermis layer 4 of the skin, and the visual imaging module is used to locate and measure the incision on the surface of the epidermis layer 4 of the skin;

[0033] Furthermore, two skin epidermis layers 4 are arranged inside the suturing device frame 1, and the skin dermis layer 405, the subcutaneous fat layer 406 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 are arranged below the skin epidermis layer 4. By setting two skin epidermis layers 4 and adjusting the position and distance between the two skin epidermis layers 4, the gap of the wound can be simulated, so that the contact personnel can practice multiple wounds on one device, which is more convenient and quick.

[0034] Furthermore, a capillary layer is arranged between the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 and the subcutaneous fat layer 406, and the capillary layer is respectively bonded to the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 and the subcutaneous fat layer 406, and a blood bag is arranged inside the capillary layer, and simulated blood is arranged inside the blood bag, the skin epidermis layer 4 is arranged as a composite material mixed with silicone and resin, and the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 is arranged as a resin layer mixed with EVA resin and PVC resin, and simulated blood is filled in the capillary layer with a certain pressure to fully simulate the capillary network. When suturing training is performed, once a large force is applied, the capillary layer will be punctured to cause blood spurting, thereby achieving a realistic simulation effect.

[0035] Specifically, when the suturing device is in use, a connecting frame 202 is set above the skin epidermis 4, and a visual detection sensor 203 installed at the lower end of the connecting frame 202 can monitor the skin epidermis 4, and a visual imaging module is used to locate and measure the incision on the surface of the skin epidermis 4, and secondary positioning can be performed through the detection plates 101 on both sides of the suturing device frame 1. Multiple laser sensors 102 inside the detection plate 101 are fired at the opposite laser sensors 102, so that multi-directional positioning can be performed to improve the training effect, and by setting two skin epidermis 4 and adjusting the position and distance between the two skin epidermis 4, the gap of the wound can be simulated, so that the contact personnel can practice multiple wounds on one device more conveniently and quickly.

[0036] In order to solve the problems of poor model detection effect and inconvenient position adjustment in the actual use of the existing simulation suturing device, please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 5 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0037] The detection plate 101 is connected to the suturing device frame 1 by fixing screws, the positions of the two detection plates 101 correspond to each other, and the laser sensor 102 is used to detect the positions of the two skin epidermal layers 4. By setting multiple laser sensors 102, the surface positions of the two skin epidermal layers 4 are multiplexed monitored, and the PLC module is used for analysis and processing to achieve the best measurement effect.

[0038] Furthermore, stepper motors 2 are installed on both sides of the rear end of the suturing device frame 1, the stepper motor 2 is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame 1, the motor shaft of the stepper motor 2 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 201 through a coupling, the drive shaft 201 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 202, and the connecting frame 202 is rotatably connected to the suturing device frame 1 through a bearing. During operation, the drive shaft 201 and the connecting frame 202 are driven to rotate by the stepper motor 2, and the connecting frame 202 drives multiple laser sensors 102 to move, so that the detection range of the laser sensor 102 is increased to adapt to multi-angle detection work.

[0039] Furthermore, an integrally formed slide groove is provided inside the connecting frame 202, and the visual detection sensor 203 is slidably connected to the connecting frame 202 via the slide groove. The visual detection sensor 203 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 202 via an electromagnet, and a sensor probe 204 is provided at the lower end of the visual detection sensor 203. The sensor probe 204 is used to monitor and measure the length of the skin model incision. By adjusting the position of the laser sensor 102 outside the connecting frame 202, the adjustment effect is further improved, and adaptation work is performed for surgical skin tests at different positions.

[0040] Furthermore, a rear baffle plate 3 is installed at the rear end of the suturing device frame 1, and the rear baffle plate 3 is connected to the suturing device frame 1 by fixing screws. A fill light 301 is installed on the outside of the rear baffle plate 3, and the fill light 301 is used to increase the brightness inside the suturing device frame 1. By turning on the fill light 301 to illuminate the skin epidermis 4 inside the suturing device frame 1, the experimental effect is improved.

[0041] Specifically, the fill light 301 is turned on to illuminate the skin epidermis 4 inside the suturing device frame 1 to improve the experimental effect. The stepper motor 2 drives the driving shaft 201 and the connecting frame 202 to rotate, and the connecting frame 202 drives multiple laser sensors 102 to move, so that the detection range of the laser sensor 102 is improved to adapt to multi-angle detection work. By setting multiple laser sensors 102, multiple monitoring of the surface positions of the two skin epidermis 4 is performed. By adjusting the position of the laser sensor 102 outside the connecting frame 202, the adjustment effect is further improved, and surgical skin experiments at different positions are adapted. The PLC module is used for analysis and processing to achieve the best measurement effect.

[0042] In order to solve the problem that the existing simulation suturing device has a single adjustment method for the model during actual use and cannot meet the needs of multi-angle surgical skin treatment work, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 - Figure 7 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0043] The four corners of the skin epidermis layer 4, the skin dermis layer 405, the subcutaneous fat layer 406 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 are penetrated by positioning sleeves 404, and the positioning sleeves 404 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the skin epidermis layer 4, the skin dermis layer 405, the subcutaneous fat layer 406 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 403. The four corners of the skin epidermis layer 4, the skin dermis layer 405, the subcutaneous fat layer 406 and the subcutaneous tissue layer 403 are simultaneously driven to move through the fixing sleeve 401 to facilitate adjustment.

[0044] Furthermore, a threaded rod 402 is installed below the positioning sleeve 404, and an integrally formed spherical joint 409 is provided at the upper end of the threaded rod 402, and an integrally formed spherical movable groove 410 is provided at the lower end of the positioning sleeve 404. The spherical joint 409 extends to the spherical movable groove 410 and is movably connected to the positioning sleeve 404. The spherical joint 409 at the upper end of the threaded rod 402 cooperates with the spherical movable groove 410 inside the positioning sleeve 404 to adapt to different angles and orientations, thereby improving the adjustment effect, having strong adaptability, and better practicality.

[0045] Furthermore, a fixing sleeve 401 is installed below the threaded rod 402, and the fixing sleeve 401 is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame 1. An integrally formed guide channel 407 is arranged inside the fixing sleeve 401. The lower end of the threaded rod 402 extends to the inside of the guide channel 407 and is slidably connected to the fixing sleeve 401. A fastening nut 408 is installed on the upper end of the fixing sleeve 401. The threaded rod 402 penetrates the fastening nut 408 and is connected to the fastening nut 408 by threads. The fastening nut 408 is slidably connected to the fixing sleeve 401 through a shaft sleeve. According to training requirements, the fastening nut 408 is adjusted, and the rotation of the fastening nut 408 drives the threaded rod 402 to rotate, and the threaded rod 402 drives the positioning sleeve 404 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height position of the four corners of the skin epidermis 4.

[0046] Specifically, when the suturing device is in use, the fastening nut 408 is adjusted according to the training requirements. The rotation of the fastening nut 408 drives the threaded rod 402 to rotate, and the threaded rod 402 drives the positioning sleeve 404 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height position of the four corners of the skin epidermis 4 to meet the training requirements. In addition, the spherical joint 409 at the upper end of the threaded rod 402 cooperates with the spherical movable groove 410 inside the positioning sleeve 404 to adapt to different angles and orientations, thereby improving the adjustment effect, having strong adaptability, and better practicality.

[0047] Working principle: When in use, according to the training needs, adjust the fastening nut 408, the rotation of the fastening nut 408 drives the threaded rod 402 to rotate, and the threaded rod 402 drives the positioning sleeve 404 to rise and fall, so as to adjust the height position of the four corners of the skin epidermis 4 to meet the training needs, and the spherical joint 409 at the upper end of the threaded rod 402 cooperates with the spherical movable groove 410 inside the positioning sleeve 404 to adapt to different angles and orientations, improve the adjustment effect, strong adaptability, and better practicality. After the adjustment meets the experimental requirements, the skin epidermis 4 inside the suturing device frame 1 is illuminated by turning on the fill light 301 to improve the experimental effect. A connecting frame 202 is set above the skin epidermis 4, and the visual detection sensor 203 installed at the lower end of the connecting frame 202 can monitor the skin epidermis 4. The stepper motor 2 drives the driving shaft 201 and the connecting frame 202 to rotate, and the connecting frame 202 drives multiple laser sensors 102 to move, so that the laser sensors 10 2 is improved to adapt to multi-angle detection work, and a visual imaging module is used to locate and measure the incision on the surface of the skin epidermis 4, and secondary positioning work can be performed through the detection plates 101 on both sides of the internal frame 1 of the suturing device. Multiple laser sensors 102 inside the detection plate 101 shoot against the opposite laser sensor 102, so that multi-directional positioning work can be performed to improve the training effect. By setting two skin epidermis layers 4 and adjusting the position and distance between the two skin epidermis layers 4, the gap of the wound can be simulated, so that the contact personnel can practice multiple wounds on one device, which is more convenient and quick. By setting multiple laser sensors 102, the surface positions of the two skin epidermis layers 4 are multiple-monitored, and by adjusting the position of the laser sensor 102 outside the connecting frame 202, the adjustment effect is further improved, and the surgical skin tests at different positions are adapted. The plc module is used for analysis and processing to achieve the best measurement effect.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0049] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A skin surgery simulation suturing device based on a visual sensor, comprising a suturing device frame (1), characterized in that: Detection plates (101) are installed on both sides of the interior of the suturing device frame (1), and a laser sensor (102) is installed inside the detection plate (101); Connecting frames (202) are installed on both sides of the upper part of the suturing device frame (1), a visual detection sensor (203) is installed at the lower end of the connecting frame (202), and a driving shaft (201) is installed between the connecting frame (202) and the suturing device frame (1); Two skin epidermis layers (4) are arranged inside the suturing device frame (1), and a skin dermis layer (405), a subcutaneous fat layer (406) and a subcutaneous tissue layer (403) are arranged below the skin epidermis layers (4).

2. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The detection plate (101) is connected to the suturing device frame (1) via fixing screws, the positions of the two detection plates (101) correspond to each other, and the laser sensor (102) is used to detect the positions of the two skin epidermis layers (4).

3. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Stepper motors (2) are installed on both sides of the rear end of the suturing device frame (1); the stepper motor (2) is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame (1); the motor shaft of the stepper motor (2) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (201) via a coupling; the drive shaft (201) is fixedly connected to a connecting frame (202); and the connecting frame (202) is rotatably connected to the suturing device frame (1) via a bearing.

4. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: An integrally formed slide groove is provided inside the connecting frame (202), the visual detection sensor (203) is slidably connected to the connecting frame (202) via the slide groove, the visual detection sensor (203) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (202) via an electromagnet, and a sensor probe (204) is provided at the lower end of the visual detection sensor (203), and the sensor probe (204) is used to monitor and measure the length of the skin model incision.

5. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rear baffle plate (3) is installed at the rear end of the suturing device frame (1), and the rear baffle plate (3) is connected to the suturing device frame (1) via fixing screws. A fill light (301) is installed outside the rear baffle plate (3), and the fill light (301) is used to increase the internal brightness of the suturing device frame (1).

6. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four corners of the skin epidermis layer (4), the skin dermis layer (405), the subcutaneous fat layer (406) and the subcutaneous tissue layer (403) are penetrated by positioning sleeves (404), and the positioning sleeves (404) are fixedly connected to the four corners of the skin epidermis layer (4), the skin dermis layer (405), the subcutaneous fat layer (406) and the subcutaneous tissue layer (403).

7. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A threaded rod (402) is installed below the positioning sleeve (404), an upper end of the threaded rod (402) is provided with an integrally formed spherical joint (409), a lower end of the positioning sleeve (404) is provided with an integrally formed spherical movable groove (410), and the spherical joint (409) extends to the spherical movable groove (410) and is movably connected to the positioning sleeve (404).

8. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fixed sleeve (401) is installed below the threaded rod (402), and the fixed sleeve (401) is fixedly connected to the suturing device frame (1). An integrally formed guide channel (407) is provided inside the fixed sleeve (401), and the lower end of the threaded rod (402) extends into the guide channel (407) and is slidably connected to the fixed sleeve (401).

9. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: A fastening nut (408) is installed at the upper end of the fixing sleeve (401), and the threaded rod (402) passes through the fastening nut (408) and is connected to the fastening nut (408) by threads. The fastening nut (408) is slidably connected to the fixing sleeve (401) through a shaft sleeve.

10. The skin surgery simulation suturing device based on visual sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A capillary layer is provided between the subcutaneous tissue layer (403) and the subcutaneous fat layer (406), and the capillary layer is bonded to the subcutaneous tissue layer (403) and the subcutaneous fat layer (406) respectively, and a blood bag is provided inside the capillary layer, and simulated blood is provided inside the blood bag. The skin epidermis layer (4) is provided as a composite material mixed with silicone and resin, and the subcutaneous tissue layer (403) is provided as a resin layer mixed with EVA resin and PVC resin.

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