Method for planting wheat in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention provides a saline-alkali soil wheat planting method, and relates to the technical field of wheat planting. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, adopting pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium fulvate as a soil conditioner to improve the saline-alkali soil structure, then adopting a row-shrinking ridging planting mode, applying a base fertilizer in a drip irrigation manner, and cooperating with a compound microbial agent containing bacillus subtilis, chlorella and the like to enhance the soil activity, and through precise water and fertilizer integrated management in the wheat growth period, the soil quality is improved. And fertilizers such as urea and potassium phosphate and microbial agents are dripped in different growth periods, so that sufficient and balanced nutrition supply is ensured. The saline-alkali soil wheat planting method can remarkably improve the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, promote wheat root development and stress resistance, improve the wheat yield, optimize the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and save resources, is suitable for practical application in drought saline-alkali soil and has wide popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, and in particular to a method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] The main obstacle to land resource utilization is soil salinization. Saline-alkali soil has the characteristics of low organic matter content, poor fertility, high pH, ​​absorption and expansion, hardness when dry, and poor permeability. It cannot provide sufficient nutrients for normal plant growth, which seriously restricts plant growth and reduces agricultural productivity and soil ecological potential. Due to excessive soil salinity, crop productivity of about a quarter of the world's irrigated land is reduced.

[0003] Shandong is one of the main distribution areas of high-salinity arable land, and the problem of wheat yield reduction is serious. In recent years, although some salt-tolerant varieties have been selected and bred, and water and salt management measures have been optimized, they are still constrained by factors such as limited germplasm resources and high cost of measures, and more economical and efficient improvement methods still need to be explored.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for growing wheat in saline-alkali land, thereby expanding arable land resources and alleviating the problem of arable land shortage. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land, which comprehensively considers the particularity of saline-alkali land, adopts a variety of soil improvement methods and precise water and fertilizer management technologies, and significantly improves the growth environment and agricultural production benefits of wheat in saline-alkali land. Through measures such as soil improvement, microbial support, and precise water and fertilizer management, the present invention can effectively improve the yield and quality of wheat in saline-alkali land, and is a method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land with strong operability and practical application prospects.

[0006] The saline-alkali land wheat planting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] First, the soil is treated with soil conditioners, and then wheat is sown and drip irrigation tapes are set up according to a specific pattern. Integrated water and fertilizer management is carried out during the wheat growing period. Pest and disease prevention and control are strengthened throughout the planting period, and the harvest is carried out in time. Other management is the same as local field management.

[0008] Preferably, the soil conditioner is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate. More preferably, in the soil conditioner, the mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum to potassium humate is 10:(1-1.5).

[0009] Preferably, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 500-800 kg / mu, and the action depth of the conditioner is 0-15 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the pretreatment method of the desulfurized gypsum has the following steps: after the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 150°C to 180°C at a rate of 2°C / min to 5°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 60 to 90 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

[0011] Preferably, wheat is planted in a reduced row ridge planting pattern, with one drip irrigation belt irrigating one group of wheat.

[0012] Preferably, diammonium phosphate, urea and composite microbial agent are applied as base fertilizer during sowing, wherein the application amount of diammonium phosphate is 20-25 kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 30-35 kg / mu, and the application amount of composite microbial agent is 0.05-0.08 kg / mu.

[0013] Preferably, the composite microbial agent is a mixture of bacteria and algae, specifically comprising the following raw materials in mass percentage: 20% to 30% of Bacillus subtilis, 5% to 15% of Bacillus velezensis, and 50% to 70% of Chlorella algae liquid. More preferably, the effective viable count of the mixture of bacteria and algae is ≥ 100 million / g.

[0014] Preferably, the integrated water and fertilizer management means that fertilizers are applied with water drops throughout the wheat growth period, specifically: during the wheat greening period, 10-12 kg of urea per mu, 1.5-2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and 0.02-0.05 kg of compound microbial agent per mu are applied each time, and the number of fertilizations is 1-2 times; during the jointing period, 10-12 kg of urea per mu, 2-3 kg of potassium phosphate per mu, and 0.05-0.08 kg of compound microbial agent are dripped. / mu; in the booting stage, drip apply 8-10kg / mu of urea, 2-3kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.05-0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agent; in the heading and flowering stage, drip apply 8-10kg / mu of urea, 2-3kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05-0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agent; in the filling stage, drip apply 6-8kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.02-0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agent.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes the combination of desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate to significantly improve the physical structure of saline-alkali soil. The composite microbial agent of the present invention includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezii and Chlorella algae liquid. The combination of these components can maintain the high activity of microorganisms in saline-alkali soil and improve the growth ability of wheat. The present invention uses integrated water and fertilizer management to apply fertilizer together with water, which can ensure that wheat obtains sufficient water and nutrition at different growth stages, improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, and can replenish active composite microbial agents in real time to keep the activity of microorganisms at all times. This method reduces the waste in traditional fertilization methods, avoids excessive volatilization or loss of fertilizers, and avoids excessive evaporation and waste of water, effectively saves water resources, and is particularly suitable for arid areas such as saline-alkali land. The present invention can significantly improve the growth rate and root development of wheat under saline-alkali conditions, enhance the stress resistance of wheat, and ultimately improve the yield and quality of wheat, and effectively improve the stability and output of crops by optimizing the soil environment, improving microbial activity, and strengthening water and fertilizer management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0018] First, the soil is treated with soil conditioners, and then wheat is sown and drip irrigation tapes are set up according to a specific pattern. Integrated water and fertilizer management is carried out during the wheat growing period. Pest and disease prevention and control are strengthened throughout the planting period, and the harvest is carried out in time. Other management is the same as local field management.

[0019] The first step of the present invention is to pretreat the desulfurized gypsum, specifically: after the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 150°C to 180°C at a rate of 2°C / min to 5°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 60 to 90 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

[0020] The present invention does not strictly limit the degree of initial crushing of the desulfurized gypsum, which can be determined according to the equipment specifications for subsequent low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and the main purpose is to facilitate the subsequent pyrolysis treatment.

[0021] The present invention uses a relatively slow heating rate to perform low-temperature pyrolysis of gypsum materials, which can ensure that the desulfurized gypsum reaches the optimal state in terms of physical and chemical structure, thereby exerting its optimal effect in soil improvement and microbial activity support. If the heating rate is further reduced, there will be no significant improvement effect on material properties, and the processing cost will increase, while if the heating rate is further increased, the effect of the desulfurized gypsum will be affected. Therefore, the present invention defines a more reasonable low-temperature pyrolysis treatment process for desulfurized gypsum, so as to maintain a balance between the processing cost and the effect.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, after the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5mm. In order to ensure that the desulfurized gypsum plays the best effect in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, the present invention needs to strictly control the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum after pretreatment to ensure that it can play a good role in improving the soil structure, increasing the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, adjusting the pH value of the soil, creating an environment conducive to the growth of microorganisms and plants, providing essential nutrients for plants such as calcium and sulfur, promoting the activity and biodegradability of microorganisms, improving the effect of microbial agents, enhancing the survival rate and reproduction ability of microorganisms, enhancing nutrient release and improving the availability of soil nutrients, improving the salt-alkali resistance of soil, and improving the adaptability and stability of microorganisms to saline-alkali soils. In the research process, it was found that 2mm is the upper limit of the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum that can play the expected technical effect of the present invention. Although increasing the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum after pretreatment can reduce the crushing cost, the desulfurized gypsum particles are not easy to be evenly distributed in the soil, and the effect of improving the soil structure and reducing soil compaction is reduced, especially in improving the soil aggregate structure and permeability. More importantly, the larger desulfurized gypsum particles have less chance of contacting microorganisms in the soil, so their support for microorganisms is significantly reduced, which limits the activity of microorganisms in the soil, thereby affecting the effect of the composite microbial agent. Finally, larger particles are not easy to spread evenly through conventional fertilization or application equipment, so more manual or mechanical operations are required to ensure uniform distribution during application, which increases the complexity and cost of application. Therefore, the present invention limits the particle size of the desulfurized gypsum after pretreatment to ≤2mm.

[0023] The second step of the present invention is to treat the soil with a soil conditioner, specifically: after the soil is plowed, water is irrigated to drain salt, the soil conditioner is evenly spread on the soil after draining salt and rotary tillage is performed, the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm, and wheat can be planted after 3 to 5 days. The soil conditioner of the present invention is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10: (1 to 1.5), and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 500 to 800 kg / mu.

[0024] The present invention loosens the soil by plowing, improves the air permeability and permeability of the soil, provides a channel for water penetration and salt discharge, removes the salt accumulated in the soil by salt discharge, and improves the saline-alkali environment of the soil. The soil conditioner is evenly spread in the soil after salt discharge, which can ensure that the soil conditioner is fully mixed with the soil and achieve the expected improvement effect. The present invention mixes the soil conditioner into the soil by rotary tillage, ensuring that the soil conditioner can fully contact with the soil and play an effect, which not only helps to improve the permeability of the soil, but also promotes the uniform distribution of nutrients. In addition, the present invention adopts rotary tillage rather than plowing, and at the same time limits a shallower rotary tillage depth, the purpose of which is to ensure that the conditioner and the composite microbial agent can play a good synergistic effect. If plowing or deeper rotary tillage is adopted, it cannot be ensured that the soil conditioner plays a good supporting role for the composite microbial agent. In addition, the desulfurized gypsum in the soil conditioner of the present invention can exchange with the sodium ions in the soil, reduce the salinity and alkalinity of the soil, and promote the formation of soil aggregate structure by releasing calcium ions, increasing the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. Potassium humate can not only increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, but also provide plants with rich trace elements and organic acids, promote the development of plant roots, and enhance their resistance to stress. Controlling the mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate can provide sufficient calcium and organic matter, optimize the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, and thus create better conditions for the growth of wheat.

[0025] Finally, potassium humate and pretreated desulfurized gypsum have a significant synergistic effect. They improve soil structure, increase air permeability and water permeability, improve soil physical properties, regulate soil pH, provide a suitable environment, promote the growth of microorganisms, increase nutrient release and availability, enhance soil fertility, improve soil buffering capacity, and improve soil resistance to salinity and alkali. Specifically, the calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum can exchange with sodium ions in the soil to improve the structure of saline-alkali soil. The introduction of calcium ions helps to agglomerate soil particles, reduce soil compaction, and increase soil permeability, air permeability, and water permeability. Potassium humate can further improve the structure of the soil after the application of desulfurized gypsum, and enhance the looseness and water permeability of the soil. The combination of the two makes the improvement of the physical structure of the soil more significant, especially in saline-alkali soil, potassium humate helps to stabilize the calcium ions released by desulfurized gypsum and promote the uniform distribution of soil nutrients. The organic acid provided by potassium humate can work together with the calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum to achieve better pH adjustment effect in acidic and alkaline soils, promoting the growth of microorganisms and the absorption of nutrients. The organic acid in potassium humate helps to promote the release of calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum, and at the same time, through its own function, it increases the effectiveness of various elements in the soil and further improves the utilization efficiency of nutrients. The organic matter in potassium humate can provide sufficient energy for microorganisms, and the calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum can improve the structure of the soil environment. The combination of the two promotes the diversity and activity of soil microbial communities, thereby improving soil health and enhancing the ecological function of microorganisms. Potassium humate and desulfurized gypsum work together to significantly improve the buffering capacity of the soil, so that the soil can better maintain stability when facing environmental pressures (such as precipitation, fertilization, etc.), thereby providing a more stable growth environment for crops. Potassium humate can promote the improvement effect of desulfurized gypsum on saline-alkali soils, so that the calcium ions of desulfurized gypsum can more effectively exchange with sodium ions in the soil, thereby further reducing salinity, improving soil structure and increasing microbial activity.

[0026] The above treatments have a significant effect on promoting wheat root growth and improving wheat stress resistance during wheat growth.

[0027] The third step of the present invention is wheat sowing, which is specifically: wheat adopts a shrinking row ridge planting mode, four rows of wheat form a group, the spacing between two adjacent rows of wheat in each group is 10-12 cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups of wheat is twice the spacing between two rows of wheat in the group, ridges are formed between two adjacent groups of wheat, one drip irrigation belt irrigates one group of wheat, the spacing between adjacent drip irrigation belts is 60 cm, sowing is carried out according to the above mode, and diammonium phosphate, urea and composite microbial agent are applied as base fertilizer during sowing, the application amount of diammonium phosphate is 20-25 kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 30-35 kg / mu, and the application amount of composite microbial agent is 0.05-0.08 kg / mu. The planting mode of shrinking row and ridge raising of the present invention can provide more space for wheat through reasonable row spacing and ridge raising arrangement, optimize the growth environment of wheat, and can better control the distribution of water and nutrients through grouping, improve irrigation efficiency, and control the spacing of wheat in and between groups to ensure that wheat has enough space for root expansion, avoid competition caused by overcrowding, prevent excessive concentration of water, and enable the root system of wheat to better obtain water and oxygen. The drip irrigation belt system has the advantage of accurately controlling water, and gradually transports water to the roots of wheat through the drip irrigation belt, avoiding excessive evaporation and waste of water. Controlling the spacing of adjacent drip irrigation belts can ensure that the water distribution of each drip irrigation belt in the soil is uniform, providing sufficient water support for each group of wheat, preventing water competition between drip irrigation belts, and ensuring the maximization of irrigation effect. In addition, the cooperation of shrinking row and ridge raising planting mode and drip irrigation belt arrangement can improve the use efficiency of land, especially in relatively small farmland, through reasonable arrangement, it can ensure that each wheat can obtain sufficient nutrients and water support, reducing the adverse effects caused by too high or too low planting density. And optimizing the row spacing and the spacing between drip irrigation tapes can provide wheat with a looser root growth space, promote the depth and breadth of the root system, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of water and nutrients. Reasonable planting patterns and precise irrigation systems help to ensure that wheat can obtain appropriate water and nutrient support throughout the growth cycle, thereby improving the yield and quality of wheat. Through the precise water supply of the drip irrigation system, wheat can better cope with environmental pressures such as drought, and enhance its drought resistance and overall stress resistance. It can be seen that the present invention optimizes the planting density, water distribution and nutrient absorption of wheat by combining the shrinking row ridge planting pattern and the drip irrigation tape arrangement; by reasonably setting the wheat row spacing and the drip irrigation tape spacing, the water utilization rate is improved, the soil structure is improved, and water waste is effectively reduced, which can provide a better growth environment for wheat, promote the development of the root system, and thus improve the yield and quality of wheat.

[0028] The fourth step of the present invention is integrated water and fertilizer management, that is, during the entire growth period of wheat, fertilizers are applied with water drops, specifically: during the greening period of wheat, 10-12 kg of urea per mu, 1.5-2.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and 0.02-0.05 kg of compound microbial agent per mu are applied each time, and the number of fertilization is 1-2 times; during the jointing period, 10-12 kg of urea per mu, 2-3 kg of potassium phosphate per mu, and 0.05-0.08 kg of compound microbial agent per mu are dripped; during the booting period, 8-10 kg of urea are dripped g / mu, potassium phosphate 2-3kg / mu, compound microbial agent 0.05-0.08kg / mu; during heading and flowering stage, drip apply urea 8-10kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3kg / mu, compound microbial agent 0.05-0.08kg / mu; during filling stage, drip apply urea 6-8kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-2.5kg / mu, compound microbial agent 0.02-0.05kg / mu. During the whole planting period, strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and pests, harvest in time, and other management is the same as local field management.

[0029] The composite microbial agent of the present invention is a mixture of bacteria and algae, specifically comprising the following raw materials in mass percentage: 20% to 30% of Bacillus subtilis, 5% to 15% of Bacillus velezensis, and 50% to 70% of Chlorella algae liquid, and the effective live bacteria count of the mixture of bacteria and algae is ≥ 100 million / g.

[0030] The Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus Velez in the composite microbial agent of the present invention promote wheat growth in the soil through different mechanisms, and improve soil fertility through symbiosis. The Chlorella algae liquid provides nutrition for microorganisms, promotes the development of wheat roots, and improves the stress resistance of wheat in saline-alkali land. In addition, the microorganisms in the bacteria-algae mixture can maintain higher activity with the support of Chlorella, prolonging the biological activity period of the microorganisms, thereby exerting better effects in adverse environments such as saline-alkali land. The present invention uses a bacteria-algae mixture as a composite microbial agent, which can effectively improve the biological activity and stability of microorganisms, regulate the structure and function of microbial communities at specific time and space sites, enhance the growth ability and stress resistance of wheat, especially in harsh environments such as saline-alkali land, promote the healthy growth of wheat, and ultimately improve the yield and quality of wheat.

[0031] The present invention utilizes the complementary and synergistic effects of thermal desulfurized gypsum and composite microbial agents to form a multi-level virtuous cycle in improving soil physical structure, enhancing nutrient supply, regulating the chemical environment, promoting microbial activity and enhancing crop growth, thereby providing strong support for the healthy growth of crops and improving the overall productivity and sustainability of farmland.

[0032] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are used to provide a detailed description. The desulfurized gypsum of the present invention comes from a power plant, and its main chemical composition is as follows:

[0033] CaSO4·2H2O 88.36wt.%, CaCO3 content 7.48wt.%, Al2O3 1.91wt.%, Fe2O3 3.55wt.%;

[0034] The wheat variety used for the test was Jimai 22.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all experiments were repeated three times. SPSS 21.0 was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple comparison analysis. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.

[0036] Example 1 A method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. After the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 180°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 60 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum;

[0038] S2. After the soil is plowed, water is irrigated to drain the salt. Soil conditioner is evenly applied to the soil after the salt is drained and rotary tillage is carried out. The rotary tillage depth is 15 cm. Wheat can be planted after 4 days.

[0039] The soil conditioner is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10:1.5, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 500kg / mu;

[0040] S3. Wheat is planted in a shrinking row ridge planting mode, with four rows of wheat forming a group. The spacing between two adjacent rows of wheat in each group is 12 cm, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of wheat is twice the spacing between two rows of wheat in the group. Ridges are formed between two adjacent groups of wheat. One drip irrigation belt is used to irrigate one group of wheat. The spacing between adjacent drip irrigation belts is 60 cm. Sowing is carried out according to the above mode. During sowing, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and compound microbial agents are applied as base fertilizers. The application amount of diammonium phosphate is 25 kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 35 kg / mu, and the application amount of compound microbial agents is 0.08 kg / mu;

[0041] S4. Topdressing during the greening period of wheat, each time applying 12kg / mu of urea, 2.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agents, the number of fertilization is 1 time; during the jointing period, drip-apply 12kg / mu of urea, 3kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the booting period, drip-apply 10kg / mu of urea, 3kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the heading and flowering period, drip-apply 10kg / mu of urea, 3kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the filling period, drip-apply 8kg / mu of urea, 2.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agents;

[0042] The composite microbial agent is a mixture of bacteria and algae, including 30wt.% of Bacillus subtilis, 10wt.% of Bacillus velez, and the balance is Chlorella liquid. The effective viable bacteria count of the mixture of bacteria and algae is 1.2×10 9 pcs / g;

[0043] Strengthen disease and pest control during the entire planting period, harvest at the right time, and other management is the same as local field management.

[0044] Embodiment 2 A method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. After the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 150°C at a rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 90 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum;

[0046] S2. After the soil is plowed, water is irrigated to drain the salt. Soil conditioner is evenly applied to the soil after draining the salt and rotary tillage is carried out. The rotary tillage depth is 15 cm. Wheat can be planted after 5 days.

[0047] The soil conditioner is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10:1, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 800 kg / mu;

[0048] S3. Wheat is planted in a shrinking row ridge planting mode, with four rows of wheat forming a group. The spacing between two adjacent rows of wheat in each group is 12 cm, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of wheat is twice the spacing between two rows of wheat in the group. Ridges are formed between two adjacent groups of wheat. One drip irrigation belt is used to irrigate one group of wheat. The spacing between adjacent drip irrigation belts is 60 cm. Sowing is carried out according to the above mode. During sowing, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and compound microbial agents are applied as base fertilizers. The application amount of diammonium phosphate is 20 kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 30 kg / mu, and the application amount of compound microbial agents is 0.05 kg / mu;

[0049] S4. Topdressing during the greening period of wheat, each time applying 10kg / mu of urea, 1.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.02kg / mu of compound microbial agent, the number of fertilization is 2 times; during the jointing period, drip 10kg / mu of urea, 2kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agent; during the booting period, drip 8kg / mu of urea, 2kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agent; during the heading and flowering period, drip 8kg / mu of urea, 2kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agent; during the filling period, drip 6kg / mu of urea, 1.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.02kg / mu of compound microbial agent;

[0050] The composite microbial agent is a mixture of bacteria and algae, including 20wt.% of Bacillus subtilis, 15wt.% of Bacillus velez, and the balance is Chlorella liquid. The effective viable bacteria count of the mixture is 1.5×10 9 pcs / g;

[0051] Strengthen disease and pest control during the entire planting period, harvest at the right time, and other management is the same as local field management.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] Same as Example 1, except that:

[0054] ① In step S1, after the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 180°C at a rate of 10°C / min and kept warm for 60 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

[0055] ② In step S1, after the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 180°C at a rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 60 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤5mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

[0056] ③ In step S1, after the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, the temperature is raised to 230°C at a rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 60 minutes to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] Same as Example 1, except that:

[0059] ① The soil conditioner is untreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10:1.5, and the application rate of the soil conditioner is 500 kg / mu.

[0060] ② The soil conditioner is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10:0.5, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 500kg / mu.

[0061] ③ The soil conditioner is pretreated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate is 10:2.0, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 500kg / mu.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] Same as Example 1, except that:

[0064] ① The composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus Velezii in a mass ratio of 3:1;

[0065] ② The composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis and Chlorella algae liquid in a mass ratio of 1:2;

[0066] ③ The composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus Velez and Chlorella algae liquid in a mass ratio of 1:6;

[0067] ④ The composite microbial agent includes 30wt.% of Bacillus subtilis and 10wt.% of Bacillus licheniformis, and the balance is Chlorella algae liquid;

[0068] ⑤ The composite microbial agent includes 30wt.% of Bacillus subtilis, 10wt.% of Bacillus gelatinus, and the balance is Chlorella liquid.

[0069] The effective viable bacterial count of each of the above composite microbial agents is 1.2×10 9 Pieces / g.

[0070] Test Example 1

[0071] The experiment adopted a field plot experiment, with a total of six treatments, three replicates for each treatment, and a completely randomized block design. The plot area was 35m×10m, with protection rows set around it. The basic soil fertility of the experimental site is shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Test ground foundation strength

[0073]

[0074] (1) Effects of different treatments on wheat root architecture

[0075] The wheat seedling roots were spread flat in a root tray containing a small amount of deionized water. Tweezers were used to separate the tangled wheat roots to avoid affecting the scanning results. The root morphology was recorded and the root architecture was analyzed using a scanner. The number of root tips, total length, average diameter, projected area, surface area and volume of wheat seedlings were measured. The results of the wheat root architecture measurement are shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2 Root system architecture of wheat

[0077]

[0078] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences between the two groups, P < 0.05.

[0079] (2) Effects of different treatments on wheat fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and yield

[0080] Fresh weight was measured by weighing method, and the weight of the aboveground part of wheat was the fresh weight of the plant; drying method was used, and the aboveground part of wheat was dried in an oven at 70°C to constant weight and then weighed to obtain the dry weight of the plant; the height of wheat from the ground to the top of the plant was measured by a ruler, and 3 rows were randomly selected in each plot; 5 points were randomly selected in each plot using the diagonal method, and the wheat yield was calculated by the number of ears, number of grains per ear, and thousand-grain weight. The calculation method is as follows:

[0081] Yield (kg / mu) = number of ears per mu × number of grains per ear × thousand-grain weight × 0.85 ÷ 10 6 .

[0082] The results of wheat fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and yield are shown in Table 3.

[0083] Table 3 Results of wheat fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and yield

[0084]

[0085] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences between the two groups, P < 0.05.

[0086] The specific effects of different treatments on wheat root architecture can be derived. For example, some treatments may increase the number of root tips, total length and volume, while reducing the average diameter and surface area. These data help researchers understand the effects of different treatments on wheat root growth and development, thereby optimizing planting conditions and increasing yields.

[0087] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, the soil is treated with soil conditioners, and then wheat is sown and drip irrigation tapes are set according to a specific model. Water and fertilizer are integrated during the wheat growth period. Pest and disease prevention and control are strengthened throughout the planting period, and harvest is carried out in time. Other management is the same as local field management; The soil conditioner is pre-treated desulfurized gypsum and potassium humate; The integrated water and fertilizer management means that fertilizers are applied with water drops throughout the wheat growth period, and the fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and composite microbial agents; The composite microbial agent is a mixture of bacteria and algae, specifically comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% to 30% of Bacillus subtilis, 5% to 15% of Bacillus velezii, and 50% to 70% of Chlorella algae liquid.

2. A method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the soil conditioner, the mass ratio of desulfurized gypsum to potassium humate is 10:(1-1.5).

3. The method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the soil conditioner is 500-800 kg / mu, and the action depth of the conditioner is 0-15 cm.

4. The method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desulfurized gypsum pretreatment method has the following steps: the desulfurized gypsum is initially crushed, and then the temperature is raised to 150°C to 180°C at a rate of 2°C / min to 5°C / min, and the temperature is kept for 60 to 90 minutes to complete low-temperature pyrolysis treatment. After the treatment is completed, the gypsum is cooled to room temperature and crushed to complete the pretreatment of the desulfurized gypsum.

5. A saline-alkali land wheat planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of gypsum after pretreatment is ≤2mm.

6. The method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wheat is planted in a reduced row and ridged pattern, with one drip irrigation belt irrigating one group of wheat.

7. The method for planting wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: When sowing, apply diammonium phosphate, urea and compound microbial agents as base fertilizers, among which the application amount of diammonium phosphate is 20-25kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 30-35kg / mu, and the application amount of compound microbial agents is 0.05-0.08kg / mu.

8. The method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: topdressing during the greening period of wheat, each time apply 10-12kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.02-0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agents, and the number of fertilizations is 1-2 times; during the jointing period, drip-apply 10-12kg / mu of urea, 2-3kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.05-0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the booting period, drip-apply 8-10kg / mu of urea, 2-3kg / mu of potassium phosphate, and 0.05-0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the heading and flowering period, drip-apply 8-10kg / mu of urea, 2-3kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05-0.08kg / mu of compound microbial agents; during the filling period, drip-apply 6-8kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.02-0.05kg / mu of compound microbial agents.

9. The method for growing wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective viable bacteria count of the bacteria-algae mixture is ≥ 100 million / g.

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