Emergency rescue device and method for preventing overtopping damage of earth and rockfill dam

Abstract

The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping damage of the earth and rockfill dam comprises a balance weight base transversely moving along the top of a dam body, a flexible energy dissipation pad extending downwards to cover the downstream dam face is arranged on the front side of the balance weight base, and a net-shaped drainage ditch with a bottom outlet communicating with a stilling pool is formed in the flexible energy dissipation pad. And a drain hole penetrating through the flexible energy dissipation pad is further formed in the counterweight seat. The invention further discloses an emergency rescue method which comprises the steps that in the extremely heavy rainfall weather, the balance weight base is moved to the top of the dam body, and after the reservoir water level suddenly rises to the position of the drainage hole, flood penetrates through the drainage hole and flows to the stilling pool along the net-shaped drainage ditch for energy dissipation and drainage. According to the method, the scouring influence of dam crest water flow on the downstream dam face can be rapidly and effectively reduced, the phenomena that the downstream dam body topples over due to source-tracing scouring damage, an upstream concrete face is broken and damaged and the like are prevented, and the method is very suitable for safety protection and safety operation of small and medium-sized reservoir dam bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dam emergency rescue, and in particular to an emergency rescue device and a rescue method for preventing earth-rock dam overtopping and destruction. Background Art

[0002] An earth-rock dam is a type of water conservancy infrastructure project that is constructed by rolling with a mixture of earth and rock. Earth-rock dams are called local material dams, and most of them use materials blasted or excavated at the dam site to fill the dam body. Early earth-rock dams were aged and in disrepair due to low construction technology and construction standards, poor quality, and inadequate management and maintenance in the later stages, resulting in problems such as weakened spillway capacity and poor flood discharge capacity. Under extremely heavy rainfall conditions, the reservoir water level rises rapidly, and the earth-rock dam will be at risk of dam failure due to super-standard floods, seriously threatening the lives and property safety of downstream residents.

[0003] Overtopping is a typical type of earth-rock dam failure. This process takes a short time, has a high degree of harm, and involves a wide range of areas. To solve this type of problem, temporary heightening of the dam body or excavation of a new spillway is usually adopted, but such methods take a long time and are inefficient. Especially under extremely heavy rainfall conditions, it is difficult to reduce the upstream water level in time, thereby increasing the risk of dam failure. CN118292403 B provides a rapid disposal method to prevent earth-rock dams from excessive overtopping flood damage. It opens a spillway on the wave retaining wall to allow flood water to enter the energy dissipation pool at the foot of the dam through the flood channel on the downstream dam surface, and the energy dissipation components in the energy dissipation pool are used to slow down and dissipate energy, thereby achieving energy dissipation discharge. The above scheme reduces the impact of overtopping damage on the dam body by draining water and discharging water and slowing down and dissipating energy at the dam foot. Since the water flow velocity is relatively high during the flood discharge process, it will aggravate the scouring of the downstream dam surface and affect the overall safety of the earth-rock dam. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of scouring and scouring the downstream dam body by the overtopping water flow and the damage to the source by the overtopping water flow under the action of super-standard flood in the existing earth-rock dam, the present invention provides an emergency rescue device for preventing the overtopping damage of the earth-rock dam, and also provides an energy dissipation method, which can specifically adopt the following technical solutions: The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping and destruction of an earth-rock dam described in the present invention comprises a counterweight seat which moves laterally along the top of the dam body, a flexible energy dissipation pad which extends downward to cover the downstream dam surface is arranged on the front side of the counterweight seat, a mesh drainage ditch whose bottom outlet is connected to the energy dissipation pool is arranged on the flexible energy dissipation pad, and a drainage hole which passes through the flexible energy dissipation pad is also arranged on the counterweight seat.

[0005] The top of the dam body is provided with a transverse groove, the bottom of the transverse groove is provided with a linear guide rail, the bottom of the counterweight seat is provided with a support leg extending into the transverse groove, and the support leg is provided with a traction wheel slidably connected to the linear guide rail.

[0006] The side surface of the counterweight seat is connected to an external traction mechanism, or a waterproof motor for driving the traction wheel is arranged on the support leg.

[0007] The length of the counterweight seat is equal to the top of the dam body, the bottom width of the counterweight seat is greater than the width of the transverse groove, and a water-expandable sealing pad is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight seat.

[0008] Lateral drainage ditches are arranged at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface, flexible energy dissipation pads are arranged between the lateral drainage ditches, and the sides of the mesh drainage ditches are connected to the lateral drainage ditches.

[0009] The flexible energy dissipation pad is made of a flexible waterproof material having a deformation modulus equivalent to that of the material downstream of the dam body, and the mesh drainage ditch thereon includes a plurality of equal-sized, interconnected regular hexagonal units.

[0010] The counterweight seat is provided with a plurality of drainage holes, which are evenly spaced and arranged in a single row along the lateral direction of the dam body, and the drainage holes are arranged one by one corresponding to the top entrances of the mesh drainage ditch.

[0011] A drainage liner is arranged in the drainage hole, and one end of the drainage liner is provided with a flange which is sealed and connected to the counterweight seat.

[0012] A drainage prism is arranged above the energy dissipation pool.

[0013] The present invention provides an energy dissipation method for the above-mentioned emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping and destruction of earth-rock dams, that is, when encountering extremely heavy rainfall weather, the counterweight seat is moved to the top of the dam body. When the reservoir water level suddenly rises to the position of the drainage hole, the flood passes through the drainage hole and flows along the mesh drainage ditch to the energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation and drainage.

[0014] By arranging a movable counterweight seat, the present invention can move the flexible energy dissipation pad to the downstream dam surface during extremely heavy rainfall, so that water flows through the drainage holes and enters the hexagonal mesh drainage ditch on the flexible energy dissipation pad. The combination of the drainage holes, the mesh drainage ditch and the existing drainage structure of the dam body can increase the drainage capacity of the dam body and quickly reduce the excessive water level upstream. At the same time, during the discharge of water along the mesh drainage ditch, water energy dissipation can be achieved by changing the flow direction and flow velocity of the water flow, so as to quickly and effectively reduce the scouring effect of the dam top water flow on the downstream dam surface, and prevent the dam body from collapsing due to the scouring damage of the downstream dam body, and further cause the upstream concrete panel to break and damage.

[0015] The emergency rescue device described in the present invention has a simple structure, low cost and is easy to use. It can meet the requirements of safety protection and safe operation for small and medium-sized reservoir dams that overflow but do not collapse or overflow but collapse slowly, and can be effectively used in the rescue work of earth-rock dam overtopping under extremely heavy rainfall. It combines the energy dissipation of the dam top water flow with the increase of the dam body water flow discharge, so as to quickly lower the upstream water level, reduce the erosion effect of the water flow on the dam body, reduce or delay the time of overtopping and destruction of the earth-rock dam, minimize the losses of downstream people, and provide protection for the safety of life and property of downstream people. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the emergency rescue device of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of .

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in .

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the center counterweight seat placement process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific working process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping and damage of earth-rock dams described in the present invention comprises a counterweight seat 2 that moves laterally along the top of the dam body 1. The counterweight seat 2 can be a concrete structural member or a metal member coated with a silicone waterproof layer. Specifically, a transverse groove 3 is built on the top of the dam body 1, and a linear guide is installed at the bottom of the transverse groove 3; a support leg extending vertically downward into the transverse groove 3 is installed at the bottom of the counterweight seat 2, and a traction wheel 4 connected to the linear guide for sliding is installed at both ends of the support leg. Usually, a buckle is provided on the side of the counterweight seat 2 for connecting an external traction mechanism (such as a winder, etc.) so that the counterweight seat 2 moves to the top of the dam body 1 or moves out of the top of the dam body 1 along the linear guide. Alternatively, a waterproof motor for driving the traction wheel 4 is directly installed on the support leg. The length of the above-mentioned counterweight seat 2 is equal to the top of the dam body 1, the bottom width of the counterweight seat 2 is greater than the width of the transverse groove 3, and a water-expandable sealing pad 5 is provided at the bottom of the counterweight seat 2. When the counterweight seat 2 is located at the top of the dam body 1, under the action of the water-swellable sealing pad 5, the transverse groove 3 can form a sealed cavity to avoid water accumulation in the groove.

[0022] The counterweight seat 2 is provided with a plurality of drainage holes 6, which are evenly spaced in a single row along the dam body 1. A flexible energy dissipation pad 7 extending downward to cover the downstream dam surface is installed on the front side of the counterweight seat 2 by gluing or other means, and a through hole is opened on the flexible energy dissipation pad 7 corresponding to the drainage hole 6, that is, each drainage hole 6 penetrates the counterweight seat 2 and the flexible energy dissipation pad 7. In order to prevent water from penetrating into the gap between the counterweight seat 2 and the flexible energy dissipation pad 7, a drainage liner is usually provided in the drainage hole 6, and a flange sealed and connected to the counterweight seat 2 is provided at one end of the drainage liner close to the counterweight seat 2. The above-mentioned flexible energy dissipation pad 7 is made of a flexible waterproof material with a deformation modulus equivalent to that of the downstream material of the dam body 1, and is provided with a mesh drainage ditch 9 whose bottom outlet is connected to the energy dissipation pool 8. The main body of the above-mentioned mesh drainage ditch 9 is composed of a plurality of equal-sized, interconnected regular hexagonal units, and the top inlet of the mesh drainage ditch 8 is arranged one by one corresponding to the drainage holes 6. In addition, the side of the mesh drainage ditch 9 is connected to the lateral drainage ditch 10. The lateral drainage ditch 10 is a concrete structure and is arranged at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface. After the counterweight seat 2 is moved into place, the flexible energy dissipation pad 7 is located exactly between the two lateral drainage ditches 10, and is connected to the lateral drainage ditch 10 through the lateral outlet of the mesh drainage ditch 9, so that part of the water flow can enter the two lateral drainage ditches 10. The bottom outlet end of the above-mentioned lateral drainage ditch 10 is also connected to the energy dissipation pool 8. A drainage prism 11 is arranged above the energy dissipation pool 8 to lower the internal infiltration line of the dam body and discharge the water flow in the upstream dam body.

[0023] The energy dissipation method of the emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping and damage of earth-rock dams described in the present invention is specifically as follows: when encountering extremely heavy rainfall weather, the counterweight seat 2 will be moved to the top of the dam body 1 by means of electric control, etc. When the reservoir water level suddenly rises to the position of the drainage hole 6, the flood will flow through the drainage hole 6 along the mesh drainage ditch 9 and the lateral drainage ditch 10, and finally enter the energy dissipation pool 8. In this process, the energy dissipation and deceleration of the dam top water flow can be achieved, the scouring of the dam body by the water flow can be reduced, and the dam body can be prevented from collapsing due to the scouring damage of the downstream dam body and the further fracture and damage of the upstream concrete panel. While improving the drainage capacity of the earth-rock dam, it can effectively reduce the impact of the overtopping water flow on the scouring and damage of the downstream dam body, reduce the risk of overtopping and dam failure or delay the time of overtopping and dam failure of the earth-rock dam, provide sufficient transfer time for downstream residents, and avoid a large number of casualties and property losses.

[0024] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency rescue device for preventing earth-rock dam from overtopping, characterized in that: It includes a counterweight seat which moves laterally along the top of the dam body, a flexible energy dissipation pad which extends downward to cover the downstream dam surface is arranged on the front side of the counterweight seat, a mesh drainage ditch whose bottom outlet is connected to the energy dissipation pool is arranged on the flexible energy dissipation pad, and a drainage hole which passes through the flexible energy dissipation pad is also arranged on the counterweight seat.

2. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: The top of the dam body is provided with a transverse groove, the bottom of the transverse groove is provided with a linear guide rail, the bottom of the counterweight seat is provided with a support leg extending into the transverse groove, and the support leg is provided with a traction wheel slidably connected to the linear guide rail.

3. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The side surface of the counterweight seat is connected to an external traction mechanism, or a waterproof motor for driving the traction wheel is arranged on the support leg.

4. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: The length of the counterweight seat is equal to the top of the dam body, the bottom width of the counterweight seat is greater than the width of the transverse groove, and a water-expandable sealing pad is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight seat.

5. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: Lateral drainage ditches are arranged at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface, flexible energy dissipation pads are arranged between the lateral drainage ditches, and the sides of the mesh drainage ditches are connected to the lateral drainage ditches.

6. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: The flexible energy dissipation pad is made of a flexible waterproof material having a deformation modulus equivalent to that of the material downstream of the dam body, and the mesh drainage ditch thereon includes a plurality of equal-sized, interconnected regular hexagonal units.

7. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: The counterweight seat is provided with a plurality of drainage holes, which are evenly spaced and arranged in a single row along the lateral direction of the dam body, and the drainage holes are arranged one by one corresponding to the top entrances of the mesh drainage ditch.

8. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: A drainage liner is arranged in the drainage hole, and one end of the drainage liner is provided with a flange which is sealed and connected to the counterweight seat.

9. The emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to claim 1 is characterized by: A drainage prism is arranged above the energy dissipation pool.

10. The energy dissipation method of the emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping of earth-rock dam according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: In case of extremely heavy rainfall, the counterweight seat is moved to the top of the dam body. When the reservoir water level suddenly rises to the position of the drainage hole, the flood passes through the drainage hole and flows along the mesh drainage ditch to the energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation and drainage.

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