Vegetation-growing concrete slope protection structure of high and steep slope

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vegetation concrete slope protection structure of a high and steep slope, and relates to the technical field of greening and protection of the high and steep slope. The vegetation concrete slope protection structure of the high and steep slope comprises a vegetation concrete layer, a protective net and a drainage ditch. The plant-growing concrete layer comprises plant-growing concrete prefabricated bricks, the plant-growing concrete prefabricated bricks are laid on the surface of the high and steep slope, anti-skid grooves are formed in the sides, close to the surface of the high and steep slope, of the plant-growing concrete prefabricated bricks, and the plant-growing concrete prefabricated bricks are provided with gap structures used for planting slope plants; a water absorption layer structure is arranged between every two adjacent plant-growing concrete prefabricated bricks. The protective net is laid on the surface of the plant-growing concrete layer and used for reinforcing the plant-growing concrete layer. The drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the high and steep slope and used for intercepting and draining water and supporting the vegetation concrete layer. According to the technical scheme, the slope protection structure can be used for solving the problems that a slope protection structure of a high and steep slope is poor in greening effect and poor in stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of greening and protection technology for steep slopes, and in particular to a vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of slope protection, ecological restoration of high and steep slopes has always been a key and challenging issue in engineering practice. Traditional slope protection methods, such as concrete retaining walls, anti-slide piles, and shotcrete, while providing slope stability to a certain extent, often neglect the importance of ecological restoration and environmental protection. In some cases, these traditional methods can even damage the ecological environment of the slope. In recent years, with increasing emphasis on the ecological environment and sustainable development, traditional slope protection methods can no longer meet the needs of modern society.

[0003] Vegetated concrete slope protection technology is a slope protection method combining bioengineering and geological disaster control engineering. It promotes plant germination and growth by adding plant seeds, organic matter, and other nutrients to concrete, thus achieving a perfect combination of slope protection and ecological restoration. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable slope protection technology. Currently, existing vegetated concrete slope protection technology has some application on gentle or moderate slopes, but its application on steep slopes remains limited. This is mainly due to limitations in construction technology and insufficient adaptability to the environment of steep slopes. For example, how to ensure the adhesion and stability of concrete on steep slopes, how to promote plant germination and growth while ensuring structural strength, and how to ensure construction safety and efficiency in harsh construction environments are all problems that urgently need to be solved. Furthermore, vegetated concrete slope protection structures for steep slopes also need to consider factors such as soil and water conservation, environmental erosion, and long-term maintenance.

[0004] Therefore, existing vegetation concrete slope protection structures for steep slopes suffer from poor greening effects and stability issues. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of this utility model is to propose a vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes, aiming to solve the problems of poor greening effect and poor stability of existing vegetated concrete slope protection structures for steep slopes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes, comprising:

[0007] The vegetation concrete layer includes precast vegetation concrete bricks, and an anti-slip groove is provided on one side near the surface of the steep slope. The anti-slip groove is opened along the width direction of the precast vegetation concrete bricks. The precast vegetation concrete bricks are provided with a void structure for planting slope vegetation. A water-absorbing layer structure is provided between the precast vegetation concrete bricks and adjacent precast vegetation concrete bricks.

[0008] A protective netting system includes an anchoring device, a support net, a steel rope net, and stitching ropes. The anchoring device includes anchor bolts and exposed anchor bolt loops. The anchor bolts are anchored within the steep slope to secure the support net. The support net includes transverse and longitudinal support ropes, which are threaded through the exposed anchor bolt loops and stretched into a mesh structure to support the steel rope net. The support net and the steel rope net are fixedly connected by the stitching ropes. The steel rope net is laid on the surface of the vegetated concrete layer to reinforce it.

[0009] A drainage ditch is located at the bottom of the steep slope to intercept and drain water and to support the vegetated concrete layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, the protective net includes rope clips for securing the support net to the exposed ring of the anchor bolt.

[0011] In one embodiment, the vegetation concrete layer includes precast brick units laid from the vegetation concrete precast bricks, and an installation groove is provided between the precast brick units and adjacent precast brick units, the installation groove being used to install the anchor rods and the support net.

[0012] In one embodiment, a pre-embedded pipe is provided inside the precast concrete brick, and a steel wire rope is threaded through the precast concrete brick. The steel wire rope is used to pass through the precast concrete brick and connect to the support net.

[0013] In one embodiment, at least one embedded pipe is provided in each of the precast concrete bricks.

[0014] In one embodiment, the precast concrete brick has a length of 30-45cm, a width of 30-45cm, and a height of 8-12cm.

[0015] In one embodiment, at least one sidewall of the anti-slip groove is inclined.

[0016] In one embodiment, the drainage ditch includes a drainage ditch base, an impermeable layer, and a corrosion-resistant layer, wherein the impermeable layer is disposed on the surface of the drainage ditch base, and the corrosion-resistant layer is disposed on the surface of the impermeable layer.

[0017] This utility model provides a vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes. The structure includes a vegetated concrete layer, a protective net, and a drainage ditch. In this solution, precast vegetated concrete bricks are used instead of conventional sprayed vegetated concrete. These precast bricks provide a good substrate for plant seed growth and development, facilitate factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduce construction difficulty, and save time and labor costs. This solves the problem of direct spraying of vegetated concrete onto slope surfaces leading to hardening and hindering plant growth. Adding anti-slip grooves to one side of the precast vegetated concrete bricks improves their anti-fall-off ability, reduces construction difficulty, and increases construction efficiency. This invention enhances the bonding strength between precast concrete bricks and steep slopes. An absorbent layer structure between adjacent precast concrete bricks allows for timely drainage, reducing the erosion caused by rainfall, lowering the risk of landslides, and enhancing slope stability and durability. A protective net provides support and protection, strengthening the integrity of the concrete layer and the slope, and preventing the concrete layer from detaching from the slope surface. Drainage ditches at the bottom of the slope serve two purposes: supporting the concrete layer as a foundation beam and collecting and draining surface water. This slope protection structure not only stabilizes steep slopes, reduces soil erosion, and minimizes safety hazards, but also improves the ecological environment of the slope through plant growth, achieving the dual effects of slope stabilization and ecological revegetation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the slope protection structure in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the protective netting in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of point A in the image;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A magnified view of point C in the image;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the water-absorbing layer structure in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the installation of the support net in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The front view at point B in the diagram;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the pre-embedded pipe in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model;

[0027] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the steel wire rope structure in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0028] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the drainage ditch in one embodiment of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes provided by this utility model.

[0029] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0030] 100. Vegetated concrete slope protection structure for high and steep slopes; 1. Vegetated concrete layer; 11. Vegetated concrete precast bricks; 111. Anti-slip groove; 12. Embedded pipe; 13. Steel wire rope; 14. Water-absorbing layer structure; 2. Protective net; 21. Anchoring device; 22. Support net; 23. Steel rope net; 24. Stitching rope; 25. Rope clip; 3. Drainage ditch; 31. Drainage ditch base; 32. Seepage-proof layer; 33. Corrosion-resistant layer.

[0031] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0033] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0034] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0035] Vegetated concrete slope protection technology is a slope protection method that combines bioengineering and geological disaster control engineering. It promotes plant germination and growth by adding plant seeds, organic matter and other nutrients to concrete, thereby achieving a perfect combination of slope protection and ecological restoration. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable slope protection technology.

[0036] Currently, existing vegetated concrete slope protection technology has been applied to some extent on gentle or moderate slopes, but its application on steep slopes remains limited. The unique characteristics of steep slopes lie in their large gradient, complex geological conditions, fragile ecological environment, and high construction difficulty. These features place more stringent demands on the design and construction methods of vegetated concrete slope protection structures. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop a vegetated concrete slope protection structure and construction method for steep slopes.

[0037] This utility model proposes a vegetation concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes.

[0038] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The vegetation concrete slope protection structure 100 for the steep slope includes:

[0039] The vegetation concrete layer 1 includes precast vegetation concrete bricks 11, which are laid on the surface of the steep slope. An anti-slip groove 111 is provided on the side close to the surface of the steep slope. The anti-slip groove 11 is opened along the width direction of the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11. The precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 are provided with a void structure for planting slope vegetation. A water-absorbing layer structure 14 is provided between the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 and adjacent precast vegetation concrete bricks 11.

[0040] The protective netting 2 includes an anchoring device 21, a support netting 22, a steel rope netting 23, and a stitching rope 24. The anchoring device 21 includes an anchor rod and an exposed anchor rod loop. The anchor rod is anchored within the steep slope to fix the support netting 22. The support netting 22 includes transverse support ropes and longitudinal support ropes, which are respectively threaded through the exposed anchor rod loops and stretched into a mesh structure to support the steel rope netting 23. The support netting 22 and the steel rope netting 23 are fixedly connected by the stitching rope 24. The steel rope netting 23 is laid on the surface of the vegetated concrete layer 1 to reinforce the vegetated concrete layer 1.

[0041] Drainage ditch 3 is located at the bottom of the steep slope and is used for intercepting and draining water as well as supporting the vegetation concrete layer 1.

[0042] The technical solution of this utility model provides a vegetation concrete slope protection structure 100 for steep slopes, which includes a vegetation concrete layer 1, a protective net 2, and a drainage ditch 3. The vegetation concrete layer 1 is made of precast vegetation concrete bricks 11. Because the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 have a porous structure inside or on their surface, when seeds are sprayed, the seeds can enter the gaps, voids, micropores, and inter-brick spaces within the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11, and adhere to the rough, uneven brick surface. The precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 provide a good base for the growth and development of plant seeds, promoting germination and growth. The protective net 2 provides support and protection, enhancing the integrity of the vegetation concrete layer 1 and the slope, preventing the vegetation concrete layer 1 from detaching from the slope surface, and avoiding slope collapse, weathering, and other phenomena. The drainage ditch 3 is located at the bottom of the slope, serving as a bottom beam to support the vegetation concrete layer 1 and collecting and promptly draining water from the slope surface, thus acting as a water interception and drainage system.

[0043] The present invention also provides an anti-slip groove 111 on one side of the precast concrete brick 11. When laying the precast concrete brick 11, the surface soil of the slope enters the reserved space inside the anti-slip groove 111, allowing the precast concrete brick 11 to be embedded in the slope soil. This increases the contact area between the precast concrete brick 11 and the slope soil, thereby increasing the mechanical anchoring strength between the precast concrete brick 11 and the slope and improving the anti-falling ability of the precast concrete brick 11. This allows the precast concrete brick 11 to be directly fixed to the slope during construction, greatly improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, the anti-slip groove 111 enhances the bonding strength between the precast concrete brick 11 and the steep slope, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the slope. A water-absorbing layer structure 14 is set between adjacent precast concrete bricks 11. On the one hand, it guides rainwater or groundwater out of the brick joints, drains water in time, prevents water from seeping into the slope, and reduces the risk of landslide. On the other hand, considering that when the slope is steep, the rainwater flows quickly. The water-absorbing layer structure 14 absorbs and disperses the energy of the water flow, which can reduce the direct scouring of the soil and bricks by rainwater and improve the stability of the slope protection structure. Moreover, the water-absorbing layer structure 14 can drain excess water trapped in the brick joints in winter, reduce the risk of cracking or displacement caused by the expansion of water freezing, and help enhance the overall stability of the slope protection structure.

[0044] Furthermore, using precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 instead of conventional vegetation concrete spraying processes facilitates factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduces construction difficulty, saves corresponding time and labor costs, and avoids the problem of vegetation concrete easily hardening when directly sprayed onto the slope surface. The size and shape of the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 in this utility model's technical solution can be designed as needed to adapt to different steep slope conditions, reducing the skill requirements for construction personnel and lowering construction risks.

[0045] It should be noted that after the anchor bolts are installed, the support net 22 needs to be pre-tensioned for the first time when it is fixed to the anchor bolts; a second pre-tensioning is required when the steel rope net 23 is sewn to the support net 22 with the sewing rope 24. This pre-tensioning process can apply a certain normal pre-tightening pressure to the slope surface, thereby enhancing stability and strength.

[0046] Please see Figure 5In an embodiment of this utility model, a gap is formed between the precast concrete brick 11 and adjacent precast concrete bricks 11, and the water-absorbing layer structure 14 is disposed in the gap. Disposing of the water-absorbing layer structure 14 in the gap can improve the erosion resistance and impermeability of the precast concrete brick 11. The water-absorbing layer structure 14 is obtained by mixing epoxy resin, aggregate, and polymeric water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of (15%–20%):(75%–80%):(2%–4%), exhibiting good flexibility and strong freeze-thaw resistance. The aggregate is at least one of volcanic rock and ceramsite, exhibiting high permeability and lightweight; the polymeric water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate.

[0047] Please see Figure 6 In an embodiment of this utility model, the protective net 2 includes rope clips 25 for fixing the support net 22 to the exposed ring of the anchor rod. The support net 22 passes through the exposed ring of the anchor rod and is fixed by multiple rope clips 25. The technical solution of this utility model does not impose specific limitations on the specifications and number of rope clips 25, as long as it can fix the support net 22 to the exposed ring of the anchor rod. In one embodiment of this utility model, a Φ16 DIN741 steel rope clip is selected as the rope clip, and rope clips are respectively installed at each anchor rod and at the end of the support rope.

[0048] Please see Figure 2 In an embodiment of this utility model, the vegetation concrete layer 1 includes precast brick units laid with precast vegetation concrete bricks 11. An installation groove is provided between each precast brick unit and an adjacent precast brick unit. The installation groove is used to install the anchor rod and the support net 22. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 Before drilling the positioning holes on the slope, pre-drilled grooves for anchor bolt installation are provided in the slope. The anchor bolts are inserted into the slope through these grooves for fixation. The size of the precast brick units is determined based on the slope conditions, taking into account both slope strength and planting density. Considering that the locations for installing the anchor bolts and support netting 22 are not conducive to plant growth, installation grooves are provided between adjacent precast brick units for installing the anchor bolts and support netting.

[0049] Please see Figures 7 to 9 In an embodiment of this utility model, a pre-embedded pipe 12 is provided inside the pre-embedded concrete brick 11, and a steel wire rope 13 is threaded through the pre-embedded concrete brick 11. The steel wire rope 13 is used to pass through the pre-embedded concrete brick 11 and connect to the support net 22. The pre-embedded pipe 12 and steel wire rope 13 are provided inside the pre-embedded concrete brick 11, and the steel wire rope 13 can fix the pre-embedded concrete brick 11 through the pre-embedded pipe 12, thereby improving the overall stability of the slope protection structure and preventing sudden and overall collapse.

[0050] Please see Figure 8 and Figure 9In an embodiment of this utility model, at least one embedded pipe 12 is provided in each of the precast concrete bricks 11. It should be noted that the embedded pipe 12 can be positioned horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically. The number of embedded pipes 12 can be one or more, all of which fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Increasing the number of embedded pipes increases the construction difficulty and cost. In one embodiment of this utility model, considering strength, structural stability, and cost, one horizontal embedded pipe 12 is chosen to be provided in each precast concrete brick 11.

[0051] In an embodiment of this utility model, the precast concrete brick 11 with vegetation has a length of 30-45cm, a width of 30-45cm, and a height of 8-12cm. The design of these dimensions comprehensively considers overall stability after slope protection (preventing local brick protrusion and falling), local stability (preventing brick breakage and cracking due to pressure), ease of transportation, and ease of construction (facilitating the embedding of pre-drilled holes). If the dimensions are too thick or too large, the brick's weight will be too great, potentially causing localized damage, especially to the bottom bricks; if the dimensions are too thin or too small, it will be difficult to lay on the slope and hinder plant rooting and growth. During construction, for steep slopes (exceeding 65 degrees), the precast concrete brick 11 with vegetation can be appropriately thickened, and the individual area reduced; for gentler slopes (less than 65 degrees), the brick can be appropriately thinned, and the area of ​​each individual surface increased. In one embodiment of this utility model, the precast concrete brick 11 with vegetation is prepared as a 300mm × 300mm × 100mm cuboid.

[0052] In embodiments of this utility model, the precast vegetated concrete bricks comprise cement particles, a binder, fibers, and a nutrient agent. Adding a certain amount of binder to the cement mortar improves the viscosity and water retention of the cement paste; adding fibers enhances the strength and durability of the precast vegetated concrete bricks; the nutrient agent is a granular material primarily composed of inorganic materials, incorporating organic matter beneficial to plant growth, rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and then rapidly cured to form a granular material with a particle size of 1-2 cm and an internal honeycomb structure. It can slowly release nutrients within 5 years. Due to its high material strength, the nutrient agent is resistant to long-term immersion and erosion by water flow, and it contains nutrients suitable for plant growth, can also store sufficient water and nutrients. Its porous structure facilitates root penetration and absorption of nutrients and water. The performance parameters of the nutrient agent are shown in Table 1 below.

[0053] Table 1 Performance parameters of nutrient solutions

[0054]

[0055] In an embodiment of this invention, the diameter of the cement particles is 1-2 cm. Particle size affects porosity, thus affecting the space for plant growth and root development; secondly, particle size affects the compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability of the brick. During construction, the particle size of the cement particles is appropriately reduced for steep slopes (over 65 degrees) and appropriately increased for gentler slopes (less than 65 degrees). In one embodiment of this invention, the size of the cement particles is set to 1.5 cm when preparing precast vegetated concrete bricks.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the cement particles are prepared by mixing water and cement at a mass ratio of (0.25–0.27):1. Setting the water-cement ratio within this range is beneficial for producing cement particles with higher strength, density, and durability. The cement used is Ezhou Junfeng brand PO42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and its chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The water is ordinary tap water.

[0057] Table 2 Chemical composition of P.O.42.5 cement

[0058] Inspection indicators <![CDATA[SiO2 / %]]> CaO / % Loss on ignition / % <![CDATA[Fe2O3 / %]]> <![CDATA[Al2O3 / %]]> MgO / % <![CDATA[SO3 / %]]> other / % Test results 20.51 57.72 1.05 3.92 5.9 1.4 2.54 6.92

[0059] Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of P.O.42.5 cement

[0060]

[0061] In embodiments of this invention, the mass ratio of cement particles, binder, fiber, and nutrient is (70%–75%):(0.5%–1%):(1.5%–2%):(25%–30%). Setting the mass ratio of cement particles, binder, fiber, and nutrient within the above range allows the precast concrete bricks to possess good water retention, porosity, and a relatively low acid-base environment, while meeting the strength and durability requirements for slope protection and greening. Simultaneously, it provides long-term nutrients for plants and a suitable growth environment.

[0062] In embodiments of this invention, the tackifier includes any one of mortar adhesive, polyacrylamide, and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether. In one embodiment of this invention, the tackifier is selected from the high-strength mortar adhesive of Guangdong Desini Building Materials Co., Ltd.

[0063] In embodiments of this utility model, the fiber includes any one of polypropylene fiber, wood fiber, and glass fiber. In one embodiment of this utility model, the fiber is selected from polypropylene fibers produced by Changsha Ningxiang, with a length of 20mm and a diameter of 1.5mm. The performance parameters are shown in Table 4 below.

[0064] Table 4 Performance parameters of polypropylene fiber

[0065] Inspection indicators L / mm d / m <![CDATA[ρ / g·cm -3 ]]> <![CDATA[f t / MPa]]> E / GPa T 10、16、20 0.15 0.91 750 8 P 40 0.6 0.91 650 7

[0066] Please see Figure 8 In this embodiment of the invention, at least one sidewall of the anti-slip groove is inclined. Inclining the sidewall of the anti-slip groove 111 increases the contact area between the anti-slip groove 111 and the slope soil, which is beneficial for improving the stability of the precast concrete bricks 111 on the slope. Preferably, both sidewalls of the anti-slip groove 111 are inclined, allowing the anti-slip groove 111 to embed itself into the slope. This enhances the mechanical anchoring effect between the precast concrete bricks 111 and the slope soil, improving the anti-fall-off capability of the precast concrete bricks 111 on steep slopes.

[0067] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 10 In an embodiment of this utility model, the drainage ditch includes a drainage ditch base 31, an impermeable layer 32, and a corrosion-resistant layer 33. The impermeable layer 32 is disposed on the surface of the drainage ditch base 31, and the corrosion-resistant layer 32 is disposed on the surface of the impermeable layer. In the technical solution of this utility model, the drainage ditch base 31 adopts a reinforced concrete structure, is set at the toe of the vegetated concrete layer, and has a burial depth of not less than 30cm. The top surface of the drainage ditch 3 is not less than 5cm higher than the ground surface in front of the ditch, and the foundation soil at the bottom of the ditch should be compacted to meet the bearing capacity requirements. A trapezoidal cross section is adopted, with the side walls of the ditch being upright and the back wall being set according to the slope of the slope, so that the vegetated concrete precast bricks 11 can be directly placed on the drainage ditch 3. The width and depth of the ditch are determined according to the catchment area and flow rate of the slope, and are both not less than 200mm. The concrete strength grade is 30, and the reinforcing steel is Φ10 threaded steel. The impermeable layer 32 is obtained by mixing non-metallic mineral powder and biopolymer material at a mass ratio of (1-2):4, with a thickness controlled at 3-5 cm. The corrosion-resistant layer 32 is obtained by mixing polymer gel material and porous material, with a thickness controlled at 2-4 cm. The biopolymer material is Artemisia argyi gum or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the non-metallic mineral powder is calcium-based bentonite, sodium-based bentonite, or kaolin, the polymer gel material is polyurethane, and the porous material is porous fiber, ceramsite, or vermiculite. The impermeable layer 32 and the corrosion-resistant layer 33 on the drainage ditch substrate improve the drainage ditch's corrosion resistance and impermeability, which helps reduce problems such as cracking and failure of the drainage ditch, thereby increasing the strength of the ditch body, enhancing the overall slope stability, and extending the service life of the slope protection structure.

[0068] This utility model proposes a construction method for a vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes, including the following steps:

[0069] (1) Construction preparation: Collect slope survey data, design data, climate, surrounding spoil disposal conditions and transportation conditions;

[0070] (2) Slope cleaning: According to the slope shape, remove dangerous rocks, loose rocks, plant roots, weeds and garbage from the slope, and reshape the slope.

[0071] (3) Preparation of precast concrete bricks with vegetation: Cement and thickener are poured into a mixer and mixed, and water is added during the mixing process. The mixed cement mixture is granulated, and after granulation, cement particles, fibers and nutrients are placed into a mold to form the bricks.

[0072] (4) Anchor bolt installation: Drill holes according to the design standards, insert anchor bolts after drilling, and fix the anchor bolts;

[0073] (5) Excavation and construction of drainage ditch for bottom beam;

[0074] (6) Installation of support netting: Install horizontal and vertical support ropes, tension them, and then fix them to the exposed rings of the anchor rods with rope clamps;

[0075] (7) Planting of precast concrete bricks: Planting precast concrete bricks are laid and installed in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and the precast concrete bricks are connected and fixed to the support rope with steel wire ropes; the gaps between adjacent precast concrete bricks are filled with water-absorbing structural material to form a water-absorbing structure.

[0076] (8) Laying steel rope net: Lay steel rope net on the vegetated concrete precast brick pavement and fix the steel rope net to the support net with sewing rope;

[0077] (9) Plant sowing: Mix the seeds, pre-cultivation covering soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive and water, and then spray the seeds using a hydroseeding machine; after sowing, cover the surface of the protective net with a layer of moisture-retaining material.

[0078] (10) Maintenance and growth monitoring.

[0079] The construction method provided by this utility model does not involve spraying vegetation concrete onto the entire steep slope surface. Instead, it uses precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 for paving, which facilitates factory prefabrication and standardized production, reduces construction difficulty, saves corresponding time and labor costs, and avoids the problem of vegetation concrete easily hardening when directly sprayed onto the slope surface. Furthermore, since the size and shape of the precast vegetation concrete bricks 11 in this utility model can be designed according to the needs of different steep slopes, it can adapt to different steep slope conditions, has a wide range of applications, reduces the skill requirements for construction personnel, and also reduces construction risks.

[0080] It should be noted that when performing step (10), the sowing quantity is first calculated based on the expected number of surviving plants per square meter, seed purity, germination rate, and sowing loss rate. Then, a combination of grass and shrubs is used to rationally arrange the vegetation density. The sown varieties include Blue Mountain tall fescue, crested wheatgrass, bermudagrass, dwarf liriope, and black locust. After sowing, a layer of non-woven fabric or other moisture-retaining material is covered on the surface of the active protective net for sun protection and moisture retention, which is conducive to creating an environment for rapid seed germination.

[0081] It should be noted that when performing step (11), the amount of water used for spraying and curing is adjusted according to the watering method. Usually, the amount of water used to thoroughly water a single brick at one time is about 1.5L. If micro-sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation with a smaller irrigation water loss coefficient is used, the amount can be appropriately reduced. Whether or not curing is needed to keep the planted precast concrete bricks 11 moist during the survival period, the amount of watering during the growth period and the maintenance period should be based on keeping the plants from wilting. The survival period is generally 15-20 days, and the growth period is limited to the initial formation of a turf covering the steep slope (about 60 days).

[0082] In an embodiment of this utility model, the growth monitoring steps include observing plant growth, regularly calculating germination rate, seedling height, root length and dispersion, vegetation uniformity, and vegetation coverage, and replanting or replanting based on the statistically evaluated survival rate and coverage.

[0083] In one embodiment of this utility model, the construction method of the vegetation concrete slope protection structure 100 for steep slopes is carried out according to the following steps:

[0084] (1) Construction preparation: Before construction, collect the slope survey data, design data, climate, surrounding spoil disposal conditions, and transportation conditions; make a construction organization design and improve various emergency plans;

[0085] (2) Slope cleaning: According to the slope shape, use manual and mechanical methods to remove dangerous rocks, loose rocks, plant roots, weeds and garbage from the slope, and shape the slope to make the slope flat and free of debris.

[0086] (3) Preparation of precast concrete bricks 11 with vegetation: The basic parameters for the preparation of precast concrete bricks 11 with vegetation are selected as follows: water-cement ratio of 0.27, tackifier dosage of 1.5%, polypropylene fiber dosage of 0.13%, nutrient agent dosage of 40%, and cement particle size of 1.5cm. A wooden mold of 300mm×300mm×100mm is used. 5500g of cement and 100g of tackifier are put into a cement mixer and mixed for 120s. 1500g of water is added during the mixing process. The cement mixture is then granulated. After granulation, 200g of polypropylene fiber and 2500g of nutrient agent are put into the mold to form the bricks. After the precast concrete bricks 11 are demolded, they are cured by artificial watering.

[0087] (4) Anchor Bolt Installation: First, after measuring and marking the anchor bolt holes, a down-the-hole drill is used to create the holes. The hole diameter is 10cm, the hole depth is 2.5m to 3m, the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal plane is 20° to 30°, and the anchor bolts are arranged at 2m*2m intervals. Single fiberglass hollow grouting anchor bolts are used. Second, after the anchor holes are created and cleaned, the anchor bolts are installed. A green and environmentally friendly anchoring agent (polyurethane-water glass anchoring agent) is injected from the bottom of the hole until thick grout overflows from the hole opening. Grouting is stopped when this occurs. The anchor bolts are not struck or bumped within 24 hours after grouting. After the grout reaches the required strength, a pull-out test is conducted.

[0088] (5) Drainage ditch 3 excavation: Mechanical excavation of the drainage ditch foundation trench is carried out. After the foundation trench is formed and accepted, steel bars and formwork are installed. Then, C30 concrete is poured to form the trench. The formwork is removed after 12 hours and water is applied regularly to form the drainage ditch base 31. Non-metallic mineral powder and biological polymer material are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:4 and evenly applied to the surface of the drainage ditch base to form the seepage-proof layer 32 with a thickness of 5cm. A 1% concentration of polymer gel material is mixed with porous material and spread on top of the seepage-proof layer 32. The surface is smoothed to form a 3cm corrosion-resistant layer 33.

[0089] (6) Installation of support net 22: Install the horizontal support rope and the longitudinal support rope, and after tensioning, use 3 to 5 rope clips 25 to fix and connect them to the exposed ring of the anchor rod;

[0090] (7) Laying of precast concrete bricks 11: The precast concrete bricks 11 are laid and installed in a horizontal layered manner from bottom to top, and the precast concrete bricks 11 are connected and fixed to the support net 22 by passing through the embedded pipe 12 with steel wire rope 13; the embedded pipe 12 is set horizontally, and one embedded pipe 12 is set in each precast concrete brick; the gaps between adjacent precast concrete bricks 11 are filled with water-absorbing layer structural material (the mass ratios of epoxy resin, aggregate and polymer water-retaining agent are 18%, 80% and 2% respectively) to form a water-absorbing layer structure 14.

[0091] (8) Laying steel rope net 23: Laying steel rope net 23 on the surface of the precast concrete brick 11 and fixing steel rope net 23 to support net 22 with sewing rope 24;

[0092] (9) Plant sowing: Mix the seeds, pre-cultivation covering soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive and water, and then use a hydroseeder to spray the seeds onto the vegetation concrete layer 1; after sowing, cover the surface of the protective net 2 with a layer of moisture-retaining material.

[0093] (10) Maintenance and growth monitoring;

[0094] The anchor rod is a Φ25 fiberglass hollow grouting anchor rod, the exposed ring of the anchor rod is a heavy-duty steel rope anchoring joint ring (H5 / 8), the support rope is Φ16, the rope clip is DIN714, the stitching rope is Φ8, and the steel rope mesh 23 is DO / 08 / 300 type. The above materials are protected against corrosion by hot-dip galvanizing and plastic coating process, and the service life is not less than 50 years.

[0095] A 6×6 precast concrete brick unit is used as a precast brick unit, and a 1.8m×1.8m DO / 08 / 300 steel rope net is laid on each precast brick unit.

[0096] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes, characterized in that, include: The vegetated concrete layer includes precast vegetated concrete bricks, which are laid on the surface of the steep slope. An anti-slip groove is provided on one side of the slope closest to the surface, the groove extending along the width of the precast vegetated concrete brick. The precast vegetated concrete bricks have a porous structure for planting slope vegetation. A water-absorbing layer is provided between adjacent precast vegetated concrete bricks. The protective netting includes an anchoring device, a support net, a steel rope net, and a stitching rope. The anchoring device includes an anchor rod and an exposed anchor rod loop. The anchor rod is anchored within the steep slope to secure the support net. The support net includes transverse and longitudinal support ropes, which are threaded through the exposed anchor rod loops and stretched into a mesh structure to support the steel rope net. The support net and the steel rope net are fixedly connected by the stitching rope. The steel rope net is laid on the surface of the vegetated concrete layer to reinforce the vegetated concrete layer. as well as, A drainage ditch is located at the bottom of the steep slope to intercept and drain water and to support the vegetated concrete layer.

2. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protective net includes rope clips for securing the support net to the exposed ring of the anchor rod.

3. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation concrete layer includes precast brick units laid out from the vegetation concrete precast bricks. An installation groove is provided between each precast brick unit and an adjacent precast brick unit. The installation groove is used to install the anchor rod and the support net.

4. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The precast concrete bricks with vegetation have embedded pipes inside, and steel wire ropes are threaded through the embedded pipes. The steel wire ropes pass through the precast concrete bricks with vegetation and are connected to the support net.

5. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 4, characterized in that, At least one embedded pipe is provided in each of the aforementioned precast concrete bricks.

6. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The precast concrete bricks with vegetation have a length of 30-45cm, a width of 30-45cm, and a height of 8-12cm.

7. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, At least one sidewall of the anti-slip groove is inclined.

8. The vegetated concrete slope protection structure for steep slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage ditch includes a drainage ditch base, an impermeable layer, and a corrosion-resistant layer. The impermeable layer is disposed on the surface of the drainage ditch base, and the corrosion-resistant layer is disposed on the surface of the impermeable layer.

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