Intake and exhaust system of V-shaped compact high-pressure-ratio diesel engine

Abstract

The invention discloses a V-shaped compact high-pressure-ratio diesel engine air inlet and exhaust system, and belongs to the technical field of diesel engine air inlet and exhaust. The V-shaped compact high-pressure-ratio diesel engine air inlet and exhaust system comprises an air inlet structure, and the air inlet structure comprises two sets of two-stage superchargers which are arranged in a left-right mirror symmetry mode and communicate with an intercooler for air inlet; the air inlet structure further comprises two air inlet communicating pipes which are arranged in a mirror image mode and correspond to the two sets of two-stage superchargers in a one-to-one mode, each air inlet communicating pipe is communicated with an air inlet manifold, the cross section of a flow channel of each air inlet manifold is designed in a flat type triangle mode, and the two air inlet manifolds are arranged in a mirror image mode and connected through an air inlet balance pipe. Exhaust structures in one-to-one correspondence with the two groups of two-stage superchargers are arranged on two sides of two intake manifolds of the intake structure in a mirroring manner, each group of exhaust structures comprises an exhaust pulse seat communicated with the corresponding two-stage supercharger, and the exhaust pulse seat is communicated with an exhaust manifold connected to an exhaust passage of the cylinder cover through an exhaust connecting pipe. The structure is more compact, the air channel is shorter, the trend is more reasonable, and the efficiency is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of diesel engine intake and exhaust, and in particular relates to a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system. Background Art

[0002] A diesel engine is a device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy by burning fuel. Fuel combustion cannot be separated from oxygen. When a diesel engine is used in a car, it is generally arranged in a V-shape. The diesel engine sprays fuel into the cylinder, and the fuel is atomized and mixed with air. After the compression temperature reaches the fuel combustion temperature, rapid combustion occurs, pushing the piston to complete the work. Generally speaking, if a diesel engine wants to output more power, it must be achieved by burning more fuel and consuming more air. Due to the characteristics of the fuel, the theoretical air-fuel ratio of diesel is 14.3, that is, 14.3kg of air is required to burn 1kg of diesel. In order to make the diesel burn more fully, it is necessary to fill the cylinder with more air on the basis of the theoretical air-fuel ratio. The ratio of the total amount of air involved in combustion to the theoretical amount of air is called the excess air coefficient. In the industry, in order to make the diesel engine output higher power, the intake supercharging method is usually adopted. By increasing the intake pressure and increasing the intake density, more air can be allowed to enter the cylinder. This can not only burn more fuel and output more power, but also improve the combustion efficiency and start-up performance. The ratio of the air pressure entering the cylinder to the ambient pressure before supercharging is called the "pressure ratio". The larger the design pressure ratio, the higher the design requirements for the diesel engine's intake and exhaust system.

[0003] In the prior art, this is achieved by designing a special supercharger, increasing the rotor speed of the supercharger, thereby increasing the intake flow rate and pressure ratio, and increasing the diameter of the diesel engine intake pipe. However, increasing the diameter of the intake pipe will change the structure of the diesel engine and compress the space for other components, which is not conducive to the overall layout. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that increasing the diameter of the intake pipe will change the structure of the diesel engine and compress the space of other components, which is not conducive to the overall layout, the present invention provides a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system. Under the V-shaped diesel engine structural system, without changing the structure of the diesel engine, the structural design of each component of the intake and exhaust system makes the structure of the whole machine more compact and reduces the volume of the diesel engine.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention is:

[0006] A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system, comprising an intake structure, wherein the intake structure comprises two groups of two-stage superchargers arranged in mirror image symmetry and connected to an intercooler for intake, and the intake structure further comprises two intake connecting pipes arranged in mirror image and corresponding to the two groups of two-stage superchargers one by one, each intake connecting pipe is connected to an intake manifold, the flow channel cross section of the intake manifold adopts a flat triangular design, and the two intake manifolds are arranged in mirror image and connected through an intake balance pipe;

[0007] Exhaust structures corresponding to the two sets of two-stage superchargers are mirror-imaged on both sides of the two intake manifolds of the intake structure. Each set of exhaust structures includes an exhaust pulse seat connected to the corresponding two-stage supercharger, and the exhaust pulse seat is connected to the exhaust manifold connected to the exhaust duct of the cylinder head through an exhaust connecting pipe.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that each group of the two-stage superchargers includes a low-pressure stage supercharger, a high-pressure stage supercharger connected to the low-pressure stage supercharger through an interstage connecting pipe, the high-pressure stage supercharger is connected to the intercooler through a post-supercharging outlet pipe, and the high-pressure stage supercharger is also provided with a bleed valve controller, which is connected to the bleed valve arranged at the inlet of the turbine box of the high-pressure stage supercharger through a connecting rod.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the two intake manifolds are connected by a rubber tube, and a fixing plate supporting the two intake manifolds is arranged below the connection position of the two intake manifolds.

[0010] A further improvement of the above technical solution of the present invention is that the two intake manifolds, the intake balance pipe, the two intake connecting pipes, the rubber tube and the fixing plate are arranged in a "mouth" shape and installed inside the V-shaped angle of the diesel engine.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the top of each intake manifold is arranged horizontally, an air cavity is provided inside the intake manifold, an outlet connected to the cylinder head intake duct is opened on the bottom wall of the intake manifold, and the end of the intake manifold is a smooth guide structure.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the intercooler connected to the two-stage supercharger is arranged on the top of the diesel engine, and the intercooler adopts a parallel arrangement scheme of double air intake and double air outlet.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the inner side of each exhaust manifold is connected to an exhaust pipe which is connected to the exhaust passage of the cylinder head in a one-to-one correspondence, and the position where the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust manifold is a smooth guide structure.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the exhaust connecting pipe is a bellows connecting the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pulse seat, and the inner wall of the bellows is provided with an air guide lining connecting the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pulse seat.

[0015] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: an air intake preheating device installation opening for installing an air intake preheating device is provided on each of the air intake connecting pipes.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical advances achieved by the present invention include:

[0017] The two groups of two-stage superchargers in the present invention are symmetrically arranged, and the turbines and impellers of the two groups of two-stage superchargers are reversely designed, which solves the problem of arranging a V-shaped compact diesel engine in a limited space; at the same time, the two groups of two-stage superchargers, two intake connecting pipes, two intake manifolds and two exhaust manifolds in the present invention are all symmetrically arranged in a circular manner, making the structure of the present invention more compact, the airway shorter, the direction more reasonable, and the efficiency higher.

[0018] At the same time, the two intake manifolds, intake balancing pipes, two intake connecting pipes, rubber tubes and fixing plates in the present invention are installed on the inner side of the V-shaped angle of the diesel engine, and a double air intake design is adopted, which can improve the intake efficiency of the diesel engine; the two intake manifolds, intake balancing pipes, two intake connecting pipes, rubber tubes and fixing plates in the present invention adopt a double balance pipeline scheme under the double intake arrangement, that is, the head and tail double balance scheme of the intake connecting pipes and the intake balancing pipes, which are arranged in a "□" shape. During the operation of the diesel engine, compared with when only one end is balanced, the intake efficiency of the unbalanced end is reduced, and the pumping loss becomes larger. The present invention reduces the influence of "gas grabbing" of each cylinder on the single-row intake pipeline under high-speed conditions, makes the intake of each cylinder more uniform, improves the efficiency of the pressurized air entering the cylinder, and reduces the pumping loss of the diesel engine.

[0019] The air intake connecting pipe of the present invention is provided with an air intake preheating device installation port, and the air intake preheating device can be installed, that is, a heating interface is added to the air intake inlet of the diesel engine. The cold air entering the diesel engine under low temperature conditions is heated by the air intake preheating device and then enters each cylinder, so that the air intake of each cylinder can be heated, which is more conducive to low temperature starting; the two air intake connecting pipes are connected by a rubber tube and connected together by a fixing plate, so that the two air intake connecting pipes form a frame type. When the intercooler installed above exerts downward pressure on the air intake connecting pipe, common load-bearing is achieved, and the overall connection strength is improved.

[0020] The intake manifold of the present invention adopts a flat triangular cross-section flow channel design with a horizontal top, which reduces the height of the entire diesel engine and reduces the length of the air channel entering the diesel engine cylinder; the end of the intake manifold is designed as a guide structure to improve the intake efficiency of the end cylinder.

[0021] The intercooler in the present invention is directly arranged on the top of the diesel engine, and the intercooler adopts a double-inlet and double-outlet parallel arrangement scheme, which can reduce the resistance of the front and rear pipelines of the intercooler.

[0022] The exhaust manifold in the present invention adopts an inwardly curved structure, which can better control the width of the diesel engine and improve the compactness of the whole engine; at the same time, the position where the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust manifold is a smooth guide structure, which can improve the utilization rate of the exhaust energy of a single cylinder.

[0023] The exhaust connecting pipe in the present invention is used to connect the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pulse seat. The exhaust connecting pipe adopts a double-layer bellows structure with an internal air guide lining, wherein the bellows structure can eliminate the installation stress of the exhaust connecting pipe caused by the manufacturing tolerance of the exhaust manifold and the exhaust pulse seat within a certain size range; the air guide lining can eliminate the flow resistance of the corrugated inner wall of the exhaust connecting pipe to the high-speed airflow, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency. At the same time, the liner pipe isolates the direct erosion of the corrugations by the pulsed high-temperature exhaust, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the bellows.

[0024] The exhaust pulse seat of the present invention is adapted to the structure of a symmetrically arranged two-stage supercharger. The two exhaust pulse seats have completely the same design structure and size, and can reduce the difference between the two groups of two-stage superchargers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a front view of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is an interface diagram of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a working flow chart of a V-type compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an intake manifold of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an exhaust manifold of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a bellows structure of a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system.

[0032] In the attached figure: 1, two-stage supercharger; 11, low-pressure supercharger; 12, inter-stage connecting pipe; 13, high-pressure supercharger; 14, air outlet pipe after supercharging; 15, air release valve controller; 16; air intake pipe before supercharging;

[0033] 2. Intake connecting pipe; 21. Intake preheating device installation port; 22. Rubber tube; 23. Fixing plate;

[0034] 3. Intake manifold; 31. Air cavity; 32. Air outlet; 33. Mounting rod; 34. Mounting hole;

[0035] 4. Intake balance pipe;

[0036] 5. Exhaust pulse seat;

[0037] 6. Exhaust connecting pipe; 61. Bellows; 62. Air guide lining;

[0038] 7. Exhaust manifold; 71. Exhaust pipe;

[0039] 8. Intercooler; 81. Intercooler air inlet; 82. Intercooler air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with specific implementation methods and with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0041] The invention comprises an intake structure which is connected with an intake passage of a cylinder head of a V-type diesel engine and provides air for the diesel engine, and an exhaust structure which is connected with an exhaust passage of the cylinder head of the V-type diesel engine.

[0042] The air intake structure of the present invention is specifically configured with reference to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the air intake structure includes two groups of two-stage superchargers 1 arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner on the left and right and connected to the intercooler 8 for air intake. Each group of two-stage superchargers 1 includes a low-pressure supercharger 11, which is connected to the high-pressure supercharger 13 through an interstage connecting pipe 12, and the high-pressure supercharger 13 is connected to the intercooler air inlet 81 through a post-supercharging outlet pipe 14. At the same time, the high-pressure supercharger 13 is also provided with a bleed valve controller, and the bleed valve controller 15 is connected to the bleed valve provided at the inlet of the turbine box of the high-pressure supercharger 13 through a connecting rod. In order to be connected to the two groups of two-stage superchargers 1, the intercooler 8 in the present invention adopts a dual-intake and dual-outlet technical solution.

[0043] Continue to refer Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3It can be seen that the two intercooler outlets 82 of the intercooler 8 are both connected to the intake connecting pipe 2, and the two intake connecting pipes 2 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner on the side away from the two-stage supercharger 1. Each intake connecting pipe 2 is connected to the intake manifold 3 on the side facing the corresponding two-stage supercharger 1. Figure 5 It can be seen that the flow channel cross-section of each intake manifold 3 adopts a flat triangular design, and the top of each intake manifold 3 is arranged horizontally, an air cavity 31 is arranged inside the intake manifold 3, and the bottom wall of the intake manifold 3 is provided with an outlet 32 ​​connected to the cylinder head intake duct, and the end of the intake manifold 3 is a smooth guiding structure, and a mounting rod 33 extending toward the bottom wall of the intake manifold 3 and passing through the air cavity 31 is provided at the top corner of the intake manifold 3, and a mounting hole 34 is provided inside the mounting rod 33, so that the bolt can be passed through the mounting hole 34, which is convenient for pre-assembling the intake manifold 3 and the cylinder head intake duct together.

[0044] At the same time, the opposite sides of the two intake connecting pipes 2 are connected by a rubber tube 22, and a fixing plate 23 supporting the two intake manifolds 3 is arranged below the connection position of the two intake connecting pipes 2. The fixing plate 23 can be arranged in an "L" shape or an "concave" shape, which is convenient for lifting the two intake connecting pipes 2 upward. At the same time, when the intercooler 8 installed above exerts downward pressure on the intake connecting pipes 2, common load-bearing is achieved to improve the overall connection strength.

[0045] Continue to refer Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the two intake manifolds 3 are arranged in a mirror image and connected through the intake balance pipe 4, and the two intake manifolds 3 are connected by the intake balance pipe 4 at one end close to the corresponding two-stage supercharger 1. In the present invention, the two intake manifolds 3, the intake balance pipe 4, the two intake connecting pipes 2, the rubber tube 22 and the fixing plate 23 adopt a double balance pipeline scheme under the double intake arrangement, that is, the head and tail double balance scheme of the intake connecting pipe 2 and the intake balance pipe 4, which is arranged in a "□" shape and installed on the inner side of the V-shaped angle of the diesel engine. When the diesel engine is working, compared with only one end being balanced, the intake efficiency of the unbalanced end is reduced and the pumping loss becomes larger. The present invention reduces the influence of "snatching air" of each cylinder on the single-row intake pipeline under high-speed working conditions, makes the intake of each cylinder more uniform, improves the efficiency of the pressurized air entering the cylinder, and reduces the pumping loss of the diesel engine.

[0046] Continue to refer Figure 1 and Figure 3 Each intake connecting pipe 2 is provided with an intake preheating device installation port 21, which can be used to install an intake preheating device, that is, a heating interface is added to the intake inlet of the diesel engine. The cold air entering the diesel engine under low temperature conditions is heated by the intake preheating device and then enters each cylinder, so that the intake air of each cylinder can be heated, which is more conducive to low temperature starting.

[0047] The exhaust structure of the present invention includes an exhaust manifold 7 connected to the exhaust passage of the V-shaped cylinder head. Two exhaust manifolds 7 are provided, and the two exhaust manifolds 7 are arranged mirror-symmetrically on both sides of the two intake manifolds 3. Each intake manifold 3 is also connected to the exhaust pulse seat 5 connected to the high-pressure stage supercharger 13 in the corresponding two-stage supercharger 1 through an exhaust connecting pipe 6. Figure 1 It can be seen that the exhaust pulse seat 5 of the present invention is adapted to the structure of the symmetrical arrangement of the two-stage supercharger 1. The design structure and size of the two exhaust pulse seats 5 are exactly the same, which can reduce the difference between the two groups of two-stage superchargers 1. At the same time, the exhaust pulse seat 5 and the corresponding exhaust connecting pipe 6 adopt a three-point fixed flange connection, and by designing the flange angle, it can meet the installation space requirements on the V-type diesel engine.

[0048] refer to Figure 6 It can be seen that the inner side of each exhaust manifold 7 is connected to a plurality of exhaust pipes 71 corresponding one-to-one to the exhaust passages of the cylinder head, and the position where each exhaust pipe 71 is connected to the exhaust manifold 7 is a smooth flow-guiding structure.

[0049] refer to Figure 7 It can be known that the exhaust connecting pipe in the present invention adopts a double-layer bellows 61 structure with an internal air guide lining 62, wherein the bellows 61 structure can eliminate the installation stress of the exhaust connecting pipe 6 caused by the manufacturing tolerance of the exhaust manifold 7 and the exhaust pulse seat 5 within a certain size range; the air guide lining 62 can eliminate the flow resistance of the corrugated inner wall of the exhaust connecting pipe 6 to the high-speed airflow, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency. At the same time, the liner pipe isolates the direct erosion of the corrugations by the pulsed high-temperature exhaust gas, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the bellows 61.

[0050] The working principle of the V-type compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 It can be seen that when the present invention is used, the external air is pressurized by the low-pressure supercharger and the high-pressure supercharger 13 in sequence and then enters the intercooler 8. The air discharged from the intercooler 8 enters the diesel engine cylinder head intake passage and the diesel engine cylinder combustion chamber through the intake connecting pipe 2, the intake manifold 3 and the intake balance pipe 4 in sequence. The exhaust gas after the diesel engine combustion is discharged to the exhaust manifold 7 through the diesel engine cylinder head exhaust passage. The exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold 7 enters the high-pressure stage supercharger 13 turbine box or the exhaust valve of the two-stage supercharger 1 through the exhaust connecting pipe 6 and the exhaust pulse seat 5 in sequence.

[0051] In the above embodiment, the present invention provides a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system. The two groups of two-stage superchargers in the present invention are symmetrically arranged, and the turbines and impellers of the two groups of two-stage superchargers are reversely designed, which solves the problem of arranging the V-shaped compact diesel engine in a limited space; at the same time, the two groups of two-stage superchargers, two intake connecting pipes, two intake manifolds and two exhaust manifolds in the present invention are all symmetrically arranged in a circular manner, making the structure of the present invention more compact, the airway shorter, the direction more reasonable, and the efficiency higher.

[0052] The above-described embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary persons in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical contents for which protection is sought in the present invention have been fully recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system, characterized in that: It includes an intake structure. The intake structure includes two sets of two-stage superchargers (1) arranged symmetrically left and right in mirror image and connected to an intercooler (8) for intake. The intake structure further includes two intake connecting pipes (2) arranged in mirror image corresponding to the two sets of two-stage superchargers (1) one by one. Each intake connecting pipe (2) is connected to an intake manifold (3). The flow channel cross-section of the intake manifold (3) adopts a flat triangular design. The two intake manifolds (3) are arranged in mirror image and connected by an intake balance pipe (4). On both sides of the two intake manifolds (3) of the intake structure, there are exhaust structures arranged in mirror image corresponding to the two sets of two-stage superchargers (1) one by one. Each set of exhaust structures includes an exhaust pulse seat (5) connected to the corresponding two-stage supercharger (1), and the exhaust pulse seat (5) is connected to an exhaust manifold (7) connected to the exhaust port of the cylinder head through an exhaust connecting pipe (6).

2. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each set of the two-stage superchargers (1) includes a low-pressure stage supercharger (11), a high-pressure stage supercharger (13) connected to the low-pressure stage supercharger (11) through an inter-stage connecting pipe (12). The high-pressure stage supercharger (13) is connected to the intercooler (8) through a post-boost outlet pipe (14). And the high-pressure stage supercharger (13) is further provided with a wastegate controller (15). The wastegate controller (15) is connected to a wastegate arranged at the inlet of the turbine housing of the high-pressure stage supercharger (13) through a connecting rod.

3. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two intake manifolds (3) are connected by a rubber pipe (22), and below the connecting position of the two intake manifolds (3), there is a fixing plate (23) supporting the two intake manifolds (3).

4. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two intake manifolds (3), the intake balance pipe (4), the two intake connecting pipes (2), the rubber pipe (22) and the fixing plate (23) are arranged in a "mouth" shape and installed inside the V-shaped angle of the diesel engine.

5. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of each intake manifold (3) is arranged horizontally. An air cavity (31) is arranged inside the intake manifold (3). An air outlet (32) communicating with the intake port of the cylinder head is opened on the bottom wall of the intake manifold (3). At the same time, the end of the intake manifold (3) is a smooth guiding structure.

6. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intercooler (8) connected to the two-stage supercharger (1) is arranged on the top of the diesel engine, and the intercooler (8) adopts a parallel arrangement scheme with double intakes and double outtakes.

7. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inside each exhaust manifold (7), there is a exhaust pipe (71) connected to the exhaust port of the cylinder head corresponding to it one by one, and the connection position of the exhaust pipe (71) and the exhaust manifold (7) is a smooth guiding structure.

8. According to claim 1, a V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system is characterized by: The exhaust connecting pipe (6) is a corrugated pipe (61) connecting the exhaust manifold (7) and the exhaust pulse seat (5), and a gas guiding lining (62) connecting the exhaust manifold (7) and the exhaust pulse seat (5) is arranged on the inner wall of the corrugated pipe (61).

9. A V-shaped compact high-pressure ratio diesel engine intake and exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intake preheating device installation port (21) for installing an intake preheating device is opened on each intake connecting pipe (2).

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