Simulation device and simulation method for water flow deposition process of riverway in arid region

Abstract

The invention discloses an arid region river flow deposition process simulation device and method, the device comprises an experiment water tank, a river simulation assembly, a first water tank and a second water tank, the experiment water tank is provided with an upstream end and a downstream end in the length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one water outlet; the riverway simulation assembly is arranged in the experimental water tank and comprises a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer which are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode in the vertical direction, the first simulation layer is formed by laying at least one of multiple first filling sediments with different components and / or thicknesses, and a channel with an upward notch is formed in the middle of the first simulation layer; the channel is provided with a water inlet close to the upstream end and a water outlet close to the downstream end, and the second simulation layer is formed by laying at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments with different components and / or thicknesses; the first water tank is connected with a water inlet of the channel; the second water tank is connected with a water outlet of the experimental water tank; therefore, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the application range is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of river simulation in arid areas, and in particular to a device and a method for simulating water flow and sedimentation process in a river in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] The rivers located in the center of the lake basin in arid areas mainly exist in the form of meanders due to the flat terrain and small slope, and there is a lack of vegetation cover around them. In addition, due to the scarce precipitation and accompanied by strong evaporation and infiltration, the water volume of the river decreases sharply, resulting in the gradual decrease in the width and depth of the river channel. In this regard, a simulation device for the water flow deposition process of arid river channels provided by Patent 2024117096382 can be used to simulate the trend of the width and depth of the river channel gradually decreasing along the flow direction, which is unique to arid rivers.

[0003] However, since the rivers in the center of the continental lake basin are mainly meandering rivers, their river banks present a complex multi-layer interlaced structure, including different combinations of coarse-grained and fine-grained sediments. The design of the simulation device in this regard is insufficient, resulting in the inability to accurately quantify the parameters of the internal sediments (such as weight and component structure), poor repeatability, and difficulty in accurately reflecting the phenomena observed in the field. In addition, in order to effectively simulate the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel, the simulation device uses a second simulation layer paved with gravel and a water level controller for adjustment. However, due to the single structure of the second simulation layer and the lack of customized options for actual phenomena in the field arid area, and the inability of the adjustment mechanism of the water level controller to accurately cooperate with the coarse-grained plate, the adjustment process of the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel is not only complicated to operate, but also has low accuracy. Therefore, the design needs to be further optimized to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the simulation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a device and method for simulating the water flow sedimentation process in arid river channels, which can improve the simulation accuracy and repeatability.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, comprising:

[0006] The experimental water tank has an upstream end and a downstream end in the length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one drainage outlet;

[0007] A river channel simulation component is arranged in the experimental water tank, comprising a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer stacked in sequence in the up-down direction, wherein the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness, and a channel with an upward notch is opened in the middle thereof, wherein the channel has a water inlet near the upstream end and a water outlet near the downstream end, and the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness;

[0008] a first water tank containing water and connected to the water inlet of the channel through a water inlet pipe, so that part of the water flowing into the channel through the water inlet flows to the downstream end, and the other part infiltrates into the second simulation layer; and

[0009] The second water tank is connected to the drain outlet of the experimental water tank through a water outlet pipe, and is used for accommodating water flowing out through the drain outlet.

[0010] Optionally, the river simulation component further includes a first outer frame and a plurality of first measuring columns arranged in the experimental water tank, the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and arranged along the circumference of the first outer frame, and are detachably mounted on the first mesh, and the plurality of first measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns is provided with a scale;

[0011] The first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame.

[0012] Optionally, the river simulation component further includes a second outer frame and a plurality of second measuring columns arranged in the experimental water tank, the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including five second meshes, one of the five second meshes is located at the bottom, and the other four are sequentially connected along the circumference of the second outer frame, and the plurality of second measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the second measuring columns is provided with a scale;

[0013] The second filling sediment is filled in the second outer frame.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the first outer frame and the width of the second outer frame are respectively the same as the width of the experimental water tank;

[0015] The length of the first outer frame and the length of the second outer frame are respectively 2 / 3 of the width of the experimental water tank.

[0016] Optionally, the first simulation layer is formed by paving the first filling sediment or by stacking a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses in sequence from bottom to top according to a certain height ratio;

[0017] The first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

[0018] Optionally, the second simulation layer is formed by paving the second filling sediment or by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarsenesses in a certain volume ratio and then paving them;

[0019] The second filling sediment is coarse-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

[0020] Optionally, the channel is formed by a straight tube or a serpentine tube acting on the first simulation layer.

[0021] Optionally, the arid region river water flow deposition process simulation device further includes a water flow control component, and the water flow control component includes:

[0022] A flow meter, provided in the water inlet pipe, for monitoring water flow;

[0023] a peristaltic pump, disposed in the first water tank and connected to the water inlet pipe;

[0024] A second valve is provided on the water inlet pipe; and

[0025] The second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump and the second valve, and is used to control the switch of the valve and control the working state of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels, which is applicable to a device for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels. The method for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step S1, preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank;

[0028] Step S2, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channel of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channel;

[0029] Step S3, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, wherein a portion of the water flowing into the channel flows to the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other portion infiltrates into the second simulation layer;

[0030] Step S4: when the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

[0031] Optionally, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0032] Step S11, placing the second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form the second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second mesh films;

[0033] Step S12, placing the first outer frame on the second outer frame, and placing the straight tube or the serpentine tube in the first outer frame, and then selecting the first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and arranged along the circumference of the first outer frame, and are detachably mounted on the first mesh;

[0034] Step S13, remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

[0035] In the technical solution of the present invention, part of the water in the channel flowing through the first simulation layer will seep downward. When the water inlet volume of the water inlet pipe is constant, the amount of water flowing to the downstream end will decrease along the way, so that the process of the gradual decrease of the water in the river channel under the strong evaporation and the infiltration of the riverbed in a drought environment can be quickly simulated under laboratory conditions, and then the formation process of the width and depth of the river channel in the drought area decreasing along the way downstream can be simulated; and the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses, and the components, thicknesses and quantities of the first filling sediments can be selected to accurately control the components, volumes (length, width and height) of the first simulation layer. , density (including compactness or compactness) and uniformity, ensuring the comparability of different simulation experiments under the same experimental configuration, which helps to reveal the law of river channel evolution under different components and compaction degrees; the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses, and the components, thickness and quantity of the second filling sediments can be selected to accurately control the components, density (including compactness or compactness) and uniformity of the second simulation layer 22, and adjust the infiltration rate of the river water flow in the simulation experiment, so that the natural environment can be more accurately reproduced in the process of simulating water flow under different climate backgrounds (such as drought conditions) and surface conditions. In this way, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the application range of the simulation device is expanded, so that it can better serve the fields of scientific research and environmental management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for simulating the sedimentation process of a river channel in arid areas provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the first simulation layer and the second simulation layer of the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid region;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second outer frame and the first measuring column of the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid region;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second outer frame and the first measuring column of the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid region;

[0041] Figure 5 A flow chart of the method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Flow chart of step S1 in FIG.

[0043] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0044]

[0045] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0048] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0049] The rivers located in the center of the lake basin in arid areas mainly exist in the form of meanders due to the flat terrain and small slope, and there is a lack of vegetation cover around them. In addition, due to the scarce precipitation and accompanied by strong evaporation and infiltration, the water volume of the river decreases sharply, resulting in the gradual decrease in the width and depth of the river channel. In this regard, a simulation device for the water flow deposition process of arid river channels provided by Patent 2024117096382 can be used to simulate the trend of the width and depth of the river channel gradually decreasing along the flow direction, which is unique to arid rivers.

[0050] However, since the rivers in the center of the continental lake basin are mainly meandering rivers, their river banks present a complex multi-layer interlaced structure, including different combinations of coarse-grained and fine-grained sediments. The design of the simulation device in this regard is insufficient, resulting in the inability to accurately quantify the parameters of the internal sediments (such as weight and component structure), poor repeatability, and difficulty in accurately reflecting the phenomena observed in the field. In addition, in order to effectively simulate the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel, the simulation device uses a second simulation layer paved with gravel and a water level controller for adjustment. However, due to the single structure of the second simulation layer and the lack of customized options for actual phenomena in the field arid area, and the inability of the adjustment mechanism of the water level controller to accurately cooperate with the coarse-grained plate, the adjustment process of the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel is not only complicated to operate, but also has low accuracy. Therefore, the design needs to be further optimized to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the simulation.

[0051] In view of this, the present invention provides a device 100 for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in an arid area. Figures 1 to 4 This is an embodiment of a device 100 for simulating water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels provided by the present invention.

[0052] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The arid river channel water flow deposition process simulation device 100 comprises an experimental water tank 1, a river channel simulation component 2, a first water tank 3 and a second water tank 4. The experimental water tank 1 has an upstream end 11 and a downstream end 12 in its length direction, and the downstream end 12 is provided with at least one drainage outlet; the river channel simulation component 2 is arranged in the experimental water tank 1, and comprises a first simulation layer 21 and a second simulation layer 22 stacked in sequence along the up-down direction, the first simulation layer 21 is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or coarsenesses, and a groove 211 with a groove opening upward is provided in the middle thereof, and the groove The channel 211 has a water inlet near the upstream end 11 and a water outlet near the downstream end 12, and the second simulation layer 22 is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness; the first water tank 3 is filled with water and is connected to the water inlet of the channel 211 through an inlet pipe 31, so that a part of the water flowing into the channel 211 through the inlet flows to the downstream end 12, and the other part seeps down to the second simulation layer 22; the second water tank 4 is connected to the drain of the experimental water tank 1 through an outlet pipe 42, and is used to accommodate water flowing out through the drain.

[0053] In the technical solution of the present invention, a part of the water flowing through the channel 211 of the first simulation layer 21 will seep downward. When the water inlet volume of the water inlet pipe is constant, the amount of water flowing to the downstream end will decrease along the way, so that the process of the river water gradually decreasing under the strong evaporation and the infiltration of the riverbed under a drought environment can be quickly simulated under laboratory conditions, and then the formation process of the river channel in the drought area decreasing in width and depth along the way downstream can be simulated; and the first simulation layer 21 is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses, and the components, thickness and quantity of the first filling sediments can be selected to accurately control the components, volume (length, width) and thickness of the first simulation layer 21. , height), density (including compactness or compactness) and uniformity, to ensure the comparability of different simulation experiments under the same experimental configuration, which is helpful to reveal the law of river channel evolution under different components and compaction degrees; the second simulation layer 22 is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses, and the components, thickness and quantity of the second filling sediments can be selected to accurately control the components, density (including compactness or compactness) and uniformity of the second simulation layer 22, and adjust the infiltration rate of the river water flow in the simulation experiment, so that the natural environment can be more accurately reproduced in the process of simulating water flow under different climate backgrounds (such as drought conditions) and surface conditions. In this way, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the application range of the simulation device is expanded, so that it can better serve the fields of scientific research and environmental management.

[0054] Further, the channel 211 is formed by a straight pipe or a serpentine pipe acting on the first simulation layer 21. A straight pipe is used to construct an initial straight river channel, and a serpentine pipe is used to construct a meandering river channel. In this way, the channel 211 can be set by selecting a corresponding pipe according to the type of the actual river channel, so that different types of river morphology and their sedimentation processes can be simulated. More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the serpentine pipe is initially set to a curvature of 1.5, that is, the ratio of the length of the serpentine pipe to the straight-line distance between the two ends of the serpentine pipe is 1.5.

[0055] It should be noted that the groove 211 can be formed by placing a straight tube or a serpentine tube on the first simulation layer 211 and pressing it down to a certain depth and then pulling it out.

[0056] For details, please refer to Figure 3 The river simulation component 2 also includes a first outer frame 23 and a plurality of first measuring columns 24 arranged in the experimental water tank 1. The first outer frame 23 is arranged in a rectangular shape and has a filling port arranged upward, including a first mesh 231 and four transparent thin plates 232. The first mesh 231 is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates 232 are connected and arranged in sequence along the circumference of the first outer frame 23 and are detachably installed on the first mesh 231. The plurality of first measuring columns 24 are inserted into the first outer frame 23 at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns 24 is provided with a scale; the first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame 23.

[0057] In this way, the first mesh 231 is used to carry the first filling sediment and can achieve water infiltration. The four transparent thin plates 232 are used to prevent the first simulation layer from deforming when the first filling sediment is filled. The multiple first measuring columns 24 are used to stabilize the first outer frame 23 and are provided with scales to facilitate accurate measurement and adjustment of the layers and distribution of the sediments. At the same time, the use of a detachable transparent thin plate can facilitate the setting of the experiment and subsequent adjustment or cleaning. In addition, the scale on the first measuring column 24 can accurately record the changes in the sediment layer (i.e., the first simulation layer), capture detailed river channel evolution data, and accurately simulate and study the complexity of the river sedimentation process in the arid river channel and its environmental impact.

[0058] Furthermore, the first mesh 231 is a straight mesh with high permeability and good bearing capacity, and will not deform even after the load is increased (first filling sediment), thereby ensuring the stability of the sediment and the continuity of the water flow in the experiment. In addition, the scale on the measuring column is a millimeter scale.

[0059] It should be noted that the aperture of the mesh of the first mesh 231 is smaller than the particle size of the first filling sediment.

[0060] For details, please refer to Figure 4The river channel simulation component 2 also includes a second outer frame 25 and a plurality of second measuring columns 26 arranged in the experimental water tank 1. The second outer frame 25 is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including five second meshes 251, one of the five second meshes 251 is located at the bottom, and the other four are connected and arranged in sequence along the circumference of the second outer frame 25. A plurality of second measuring columns 26 are inserted into the first outer frame 23 at intervals, and each second measuring column 26 is provided with a scale; the second filling sediment is filled in the second outer frame 25. In this way, the second mesh 251 is used to carry the second filling sediment and can achieve water infiltration. The plurality of second measuring columns 26 are used to stabilize the second outer frame 25 and are provided with scales, which is convenient for accurately measuring and adjusting the level and distribution of the sediment. In addition, the scales on the second measuring columns 26 can accurately record the changes in the sediment layer (i.e., the second simulation layer 22), capture detailed river channel evolution data, and accurately simulate and study the complexity of the river sedimentation process in the arid river channel and its environmental impact.

[0061] Furthermore, the second outer frame 25 also includes a second mesh 251, which is covered at the filling port and can move relative to other second meshes 251, so that when filling the second filling sediment, the second mesh 251 is moved away from the filling port to facilitate filling of the second filling sediment, and the second mesh 251 is reset after the filling is completed.

[0062] Furthermore, the second mesh 251 is a straight mesh with high permeability and good bearing capacity, and will not deform even after the load is increased (the second filling sediment), thereby ensuring the stability of the sediment and the continuity of the water flow in the experiment. In addition, the scale on the measuring column is a millimeter scale.

[0063] It should be noted that the aperture of the mesh of the second mesh 251 is smaller than the particle size of the second filling sediment.

[0064] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first outer frame 23 and the width of the second outer frame 25 are respectively the same as the width of the experimental water tank 1; the length of the first outer frame 23 and the length of the second outer frame 25 are respectively 2 / 3 of the width of the experimental water tank 1. In this way, sufficient space can be provided to simulate a real river sedimentation environment. In addition, the first outer frame 23 and the second outer frame 25 have the same size, which is conducive to seamless splicing.

[0065] Specifically, in the present invention, the first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter. More specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter are all gravel.

[0066] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first simulation layer is paved with the first filling sediment, that is, the first simulation layer is paved only with coarse particles, or the first simulation layer is paved only with medium particles, or the first simulation layer is paved only with fine particles.

[0067] In other embodiments of the present invention, the first simulation layer is formed by stacking multiple first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness from bottom to top in a certain height ratio, that is, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles and fine particles stacked in a certain height ratio in the up and down direction, or, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles and medium particles stacked in a certain height ratio in the up and down direction, or, the first simulation layer is formed by medium particles and fine particles stacked in a certain height ratio in the up and down direction, or, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles stacked in a certain height ratio in the up and down direction.

[0068] Further, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the first simulation layer is formed by stacking coarse particles and fine particles in a height ratio of 1:1 in the vertical direction, for example, the laying height of the coarse particles and the laying height of the fine particles are both 1 cm. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the first simulation layer is formed by stacking coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles in a height ratio of 2:3:5 in the vertical direction, for example, the laying height of the coarse particles, the laying height of the medium particles and the laying height of the fine particles are 0.4 cm, 0.6 cm and 1 cm respectively.

[0069] In this way, by selecting the type of the first filling sediment, the hierarchy and density of the first simulation layer 21 can be accurately controlled to simulate river systems with different sediment structures, thereby ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental results. A detailed study of the behavior of sediments of different particle sizes under hydrodynamic action helps to understand the sediment stratification and filtration characteristics, which is of great significance to the research on hydrogeology and environmental engineering.

[0070] In addition, in the present invention, river systems with different compaction degrees can also be designed by changing the amount of the first filling sediment. Specifically, by increasing the filling amount of each type of filling sediment, especially the filling amount of coarse particles and medium particles, the overall structure of the first simulation layer can be made tighter, forming a river channel model with a high degree of compaction, which is more resistant to water erosion and suitable for simulating river bank stability under strong water flow conditions. It is also possible to reduce the filling amount of each type of filling sediment, especially the filling amount of fine particles, so that the structure of the first simulation layer is relatively loose, forming a river channel model with a low degree of compaction, which can show the characteristics of the river bank being easily eroded and changed under weak water flow conditions.

[0071] Specifically, in the present invention, the second filling sediment is a coarse particle or a fine particle. More specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the fine particle is off-white quartz sand, and the coarse particle is brown crushed walnut shells, which have different particle sizes and densities to meet different experimental requirements. The median particle size of the off-white quartz sand is 0.30 mm, and the density is 2650 kg / m3. The median particle size of the brown crushed walnut shells is 0.15 mm, and the density is 1300 kg / m3.

[0072] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is paved with the second filling sediment, that is, the second simulation layer 22 is paved only with coarse particles, so that the second simulation layer 22 has extremely high permeability and can achieve maximum water infiltration, which is suitable for simulating rapid drainage in arid areas or after heavy rainfall; or, the first simulation layer is paved only with fine particles, so that the second simulation layer 22 has low permeability and can achieve minimum water infiltration, which is suitable for simulating riverbeds in high-density soil or low-permeability areas.

[0073] In some other embodiments of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness in a certain volume ratio and then laying them, that is, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a certain volume ratio and then laying them. More specifically, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a volume ratio of 1:3 and then laying them, so that the second simulation layer 22 has medium permeability and is suitable for simulating conditions of medium precipitation; in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a volume ratio of 3:1 and then laying them, so that the second simulation layer 22 has high permeability.

[0074] In this way, by selecting the type of the second filling sediment, the density of the second simulation layer 22 can be accurately controlled, and the river hydrological process under different climate and surface conditions can be effectively simulated and studied.

[0075] In addition, in the present invention, the permeability of the second simulation layer 22 can be changed by changing the amount of the second filling sediment, which can effectively simulate and study the behavior of rivers under different surface and climatic conditions, and has important practical significance for water resource management, environmental restoration, geological research and other fields. Specifically, the thickness and compactness of the second simulation layer 22 can be increased by increasing the filling amount of the second filling sediment, thereby reducing the permeability, which is suitable for simulating low permeability environments such as muddy riverbeds or soils with high water content. The second simulation layer 22 can also be made looser and the permeability increased by reducing the filling amount of the second filling sediment, which is suitable for simulating arid or sandy areas where water needs to penetrate quickly.

[0076] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The second water tank 4 is connected to the first water tank 3 through a circulating water pipe 6, so that the water in the second water tank 4 can flow back to the first water tank 3 for reuse, thereby realizing the recycling of water.

[0077] Furthermore, a water pump is provided in the first water tank 3 , and the water pump is connected to the circulating water pipe 6 to pump the water in the second water tank 4 into the first water tank 3 .

[0078] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , there are multiple drain ports, and the multiple drain ports are spaced apart along the width direction of the experimental water tank 1; correspondingly, there are multiple outlet pipes 42, and the second water tank 4 is provided with multiple water inlets, and the multiple water inlets and the multiple drain ports are connected one by one through the multiple outlet pipes 42. Furthermore, the multiple drain ports are evenly spaced apart along the width direction of the experimental water tank 1, so that the experimental water tank 1 is evenly drained, and the water flow is prevented from flowing in the same direction, which affects the permeability uniformity of the second simulation layer 22 and the morphology of the second simulation layer 22.

[0079] For further information, see Figure 1 The arid river water flow deposition process simulation device 100 further includes a water level sensor 7, a plurality of first valves and a first controller. The water level sensor 7 is provided in the experimental water tank 1 to detect the water level of the experimental water tank 1; the plurality of first valves are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of water outlet pipes 42; the first controller is electrically connected to the water level sensor 7 and the first valve to control the switch of the first valve according to the detection result of the water level sensor 7. In this way, the water level of the experimental water tank 1 can be controlled according to specific needs.

[0080] Specifically, the amount of upstream sediment input through the first simulation layer is limited, so please refer to Figure 1 The arid river water flow deposition process simulation device 100 further includes a sediment feeder 5, the discharge port of the sediment feeder 5 is arranged corresponding to the water inlet, so as to input sediment into the channel 211 through the water inlet. In this way, upstream sediment can be input through the sediment feeder 5, and the sediment input amount and input rate can be controlled. Different sediment input conditions can be simulated according to specific needs, thereby improving the practicality of the arid river water flow deposition process simulation device 100.

[0081] For further information, see Figure 1The arid river water flow sedimentation process simulation device 100 also includes a gravel filter grid 8, a funnel 9 and a feeding pipe 10. The gravel filter grid 8 is arranged at the water inlet, extending in the up-down direction, and includes a wire mesh and a plurality of gravels filled in the wire mesh; the funnel 9 is inserted at the upper end of the gravel filter grid 8, and the water inlet pipe 31 is inserted at the upper end of the funnel 9; one end of the feeding pipe 10 is connected to the upper end of the funnel 9, and the other end is connected to the discharge port of the sediment feeder 5. In this way, by setting the gravel filter grid 8, the mechanical differentiation of sediment particles under natural conditions can be simulated, and the impact of water flow and sediment can be reduced.

[0082] It should be noted that, in one embodiment of the present invention, the funnel 9 is a pointed funnel to ensure that the silt leaks down at a constant rate.

[0083] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The arid river channel water flow deposition process simulation device 100 further includes a stopper 1A, which abuts against a side of the river channel simulation component 2 close to the upstream end 11, and a supply groove 1A1 is recessed in the portion corresponding to the channel 211 in the direction toward the upstream end 11, and the supply groove 1A1 is connected to the channel 211; the gravel filter grid 8 is inserted in the supply groove 1A1. Furthermore, the upper end surface of the gravel filter grid 8 is not higher than the upper end surface of the stopper 1A, so as to prevent the water flowing out of the funnel 9 from flowing out of the stopper 1A through the side wall of the gravel filter grid 8.

[0084] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The device 100 for simulating the process of water flow deposition in arid river channels also includes a water flow control component, which includes a flow meter, a peristaltic pump, a second valve, and a second controller. The flow meter is arranged in the water inlet pipe 31 to monitor the water flow; the peristaltic pump is arranged in the first water tank 3 and connected to the water inlet pipe 31; the second valve is arranged in the water inlet pipe 31; the second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump, and the second valve to control the switch of the valve and the working state of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter. In this way, the water flow of the water inlet pipe 31 can be adjusted in real time to achieve a constant water supply rate, simulate various upstream water flow conditions, and thus observe the process of water flow deposition in arid river channels under different upstream water flow conditions.

[0085] For details, please refer to Figure 1The arid river water flow deposition process simulation device 100 further includes at least one slope plate 1B, which is in contact with the side of the river simulation component 2 close to the downstream end 12, and the upper surface of the slope plate 1B is lower than the upper surface of the first simulation layer 21. It is used to simulate the change of river slope and improve the accuracy of experimental results.

[0086] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the experimental water tank 1 is enclosed by transparent glass.

[0087] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the sediment feeder 5 is a spiral sediment feeder 5 .

[0088] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels, which is applicable to the device for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels described above.

[0089] See also Figure 5 The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises the following steps:

[0090] Step S1, preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank.

[0091] In this step, the composition, thickness and quantity of the first simulation layer and the second simulation layer are determined according to actual simulation requirements.

[0092] Step S2, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channel of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channel.

[0093] Specifically, in this step, the second valve is controlled to open by the second controller, and the peristaltic pump is started to allow the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel. The water level of the experimental water tank is level with the bottom wall of the channel, simulating the initial state of a river channel in arid areas.

[0094] It should be noted that after the water level of the experimental water tank is level with the bottom wall of the channel, the water level of the experimental water tank is finely adjusted according to whether the channel water flow can flow into the downstream end of the channel as a critical value. For example, when the upstream water flow is constant, the channel water flows out of the downstream end of the channel and enters the downstream end of the experimental water tank, the water level of the water tank can be finely adjusted to increase the infiltration rate. Conversely, when the channel water flow cannot reach the end of the channel, the water level of the experimental water tank can be finely adjusted to increase.

[0095] Step S3, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, a part of the water flowing into the channel flows to the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other part infiltrates into the second simulation layer.

[0096] Specifically, in this step, the second controller controls the water pumping volume of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter, thereby controlling the water inflow of the channel, and part of the water in the channel flows to the downstream end, and the other part infiltrates into the second simulation layer, so that the amount of water flowing to the downstream end also shows a decreasing trend, thereby simulating the evaporation of water in the river channel and the infiltration of the riverbed in a drought environment. Furthermore, the first controller adjusts the switches of the multiple first valves according to the water level sensor, so that the amount of water flowing to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, simulating the formation process of the river channel in the drought area decreasing in width and depth along the downstream.

[0097] Step S4: when the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

[0098] In this step, by controlling the water output of the water inlet pipe, the water flow and sedimentation process of the river channel in the drought-stricken area under different upstream water inflow conditions can be simulated, so as to observe the river channel evolution and sedimentation characteristics under different upstream water flow conditions.

[0099] For further information, see Figure 6 , the step S1 specifically comprises:

[0100] Step S11, placing the second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form the second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second mesh films.

[0101] In this step, before filling the second filling sediment, the second filling sediment needs to be properly cleaned and dried to eliminate the influence of external factors on the experimental results. The weight before and after filling is recorded to ensure accurate control of the amount of the second filling sediment.

[0102] It should be noted that a weighing machine is placed under the experimental water tank, and the weight before the second outer frame is placed is first weighed by the weighing machine, and then the weight after the second outer frame and the second filling sediment are weighed in sequence, thereby obtaining the amount of the second filling sediment.

[0103] Step S12, placing the first outer frame on the second outer frame, and placing a straight tube or a serpentine tube in the first outer frame, and then selecting a first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has an upwardly arranged filling port, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are connected in sequence along the circumference of the first outer frame, and can be detachably installed on the first mesh.

[0104] In this step, before filling the first filling sediment, it is necessary to ensure that the first filling sediment is in a dry state and the first outer frame is in a clean and completely dry state, which helps to accurately control the initial conditions of the experiment. And record the weight before and after filling the first filling sediment to ensure accurate control of the amount of the first filling sediment.

[0105] For example, when coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles are selected and stacked in sequence according to a height ratio of 2:3:5 to form the first simulation layer, the weight of the first outer frame is weighed first, that is, before filling the first filling sediment, the first outer frame is weighed, and the initial weight m0 is recorded; then the coarse particles are filled, that is, the coarse particles are filled into the first outer frame with a filling height of 0.4 cm, and the coarse particles are spread out with a tool to ensure that they are evenly distributed in the first outer frame. After the coarse particles are filled, the second weighing is performed to record the total weight m1 at this time; then the medium particles are filled, that is, the medium particles are spread out on the coarse particles with a filling height of 0.6 cm, and the medium particles are spread out with a tool to ensure that they are evenly covered on the coarse particles. After the filling is completed, the third weighing is performed to record the total weight m2 at this time; then the fine particles are filled, that is, the fine particles are spread out on the medium particles with a filling height of 1 cm, and the fine particles are spread out with a tool to ensure that they are evenly distributed and cover the medium particles. After the filling is completed, the final weighing is performed to record the final total weight m3. Then 6. calculate the filling amount, that is, record the difference between m1 and m0, m2 and m1, and m3 and m2, so that the filling weight of coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles can be obtained respectively.

[0106] It should be noted that, before the experiment begins, the four transparent thin plates are removed so that water can freely penetrate through the first simulation layer.

[0107] It should also be noted that when the diameter of a straight pipe or a serpentine pipe is smaller than the preset thickness of the first simulation layer, a layer of first filling sediment can be laid first, and then the straight pipe or the serpentine pipe can be placed on this part of the first filling sediment, and then the first filling sediment can be laid to the preset thickness of the first simulation layer; in this way, the straight pipe or the serpentine pipe can be prevented from being buried in the first simulation layer.

[0108] Step S13, remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

[0109] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, characterized in that: The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises: The experimental water tank has an upstream end and a downstream end in the length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one drainage outlet; A river channel simulation component is arranged in the experimental water tank, comprising a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer stacked in sequence in the up-down direction, wherein the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness, and a channel with an upward notch is opened in the middle thereof, wherein the channel has a water inlet near the upstream end and a water outlet near the downstream end, and the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness; a first water tank containing water and connected to the water inlet of the channel through a water inlet pipe, so that part of the water flowing into the channel through the water inlet flows to the downstream end, and the other part infiltrates into the second simulation layer; and The second water tank is connected to the drain outlet of the experimental water tank through a water outlet pipe, and is used for accommodating water flowing out through the drain outlet.

2. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The river simulation component also includes a first outer frame and a plurality of first measuring columns arranged in the experimental water tank. The first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, and includes a first mesh and four transparent thin plates. The first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are connected and arranged in sequence along the circumference of the first outer frame and are detachably mounted on the first mesh. The plurality of first measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns is provided with a scale. The first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame.

3. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The river simulation component also includes a second outer frame and a plurality of second measuring columns arranged in the experimental water tank. The second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward. It includes five second meshes, one of which is located at the bottom, and the other four are connected and arranged in sequence along the circumference of the second outer frame. The plurality of second measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the second measuring columns is provided with a scale. The second filling sediment is filled in the second outer frame.

4. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the first outer frame and the width of the second outer frame are respectively the same as the width of the experimental water tank; The length of the first outer frame and the length of the second outer frame are respectively 2 / 3 of the width of the experimental water tank.

5. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first simulation layer is formed by paving the first filling sediment or by stacking a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or thicknesses in sequence from bottom to top according to a certain height ratio; The first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

6. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The second simulation layer is formed by paving the second filling sediment or by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarsenesses in a certain volume ratio and then paving them; The second filling sediment is coarse-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

7. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The channel is formed by a straight pipe or a serpentine pipe acting on the first simulation layer.

8. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels further comprises a water flow control component, wherein the water flow control component comprises: A flow meter, provided in the water inlet pipe, for monitoring water flow; a peristaltic pump, disposed in the first water tank and connected to the water inlet pipe; A second valve is provided on the water inlet pipe; and The second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump and the second valve, and is used to control the switch of the valve and control the working state of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter.

9. A method for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels, applicable to the device for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method for simulating the water flow deposition process in arid river channels comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank; Step S2, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channel of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channel; Step S3, driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, wherein a portion of the water flowing into the channel flows to the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other portion infiltrates into the second simulation layer; Step S4: when the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

10. The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: Step S11, placing the second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form the second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second mesh films; Step S12, placing the first outer frame on the second outer frame, and placing a straight tube or a serpentine tube in the first outer frame, selecting a first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and arranged along the circumference of the first outer frame, and are detachably mounted on the first mesh; Step S13, remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

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