Centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software

Abstract

The invention discloses centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. Comprising a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment optimization module and a user interaction module. The data acquisition module is in communication connection with the photovoltaic monitoring equipment and acquires data of a photovoltaic power station in real time; the one-key mapping module automatically generates a layout diagram of a photovoltaic array according to the data of the photovoltaic power station acquired by the data acquisition module, and automatically draws an electrical wiring diagram of the photovoltaic power station according to an electrical design specification and the data of the photovoltaic power station acquired by the data acquisition module; the automatic identification module analyzes the data of the photovoltaic power station acquired by the data acquisition module in real time, and automatically identifies a fault component in the photovoltaic power station through a preset algorithm and a threshold value; and the adjustment and optimization module provides maintenance suggestions for the fault component according to the result of the automatic identification module, and optimizes and adjusts the operation parameters of the photovoltaic power station at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and in particular to centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software. Background Art

[0002] In the construction and operation and maintenance of centralized photovoltaic power stations, the layout planning, electrical connection design, and subsequent operation monitoring and adjustment of photovoltaic arrays are crucial. Traditional photovoltaic power station design and operation and maintenance work often rely on a lot of manual operations. For example, in the drawing of formation diagrams, engineers are required to manually draw the layout diagrams and electrical wiring diagrams of photovoltaic arrays based on field measurement data and design specifications. This process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also prone to human errors. During the operation of the power station, there is also a lack of efficient and automated means for fault detection, performance evaluation, and adjustment of electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules. Usually, operation and maintenance personnel are required to conduct regular inspections and judge whether the modules are working properly through visual observation and simple instrument measurements. It is difficult to locate and handle abnormal situations in a timely and accurate manner, which seriously affects the power generation efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic power stations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide centralized photovoltaic one-key formation mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: Centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, including data acquisition module, one-key mapping module, automatic identification module, adjustment optimization module, and user interaction module; The data acquisition module is connected to the photovoltaic monitoring equipment for real-time data collection of the photovoltaic power station; Specifically, PV module power sensors are used to monitor the current, voltage, power generation and other data of PV modules, temperature sensors are used to monitor the operating temperature of PV modules, inverter monitoring devices are used to monitor the output power, efficiency, fault codes, etc. of the inverter, voltage transformers and current transformers are used to monitor the output voltage and current of PV modules, and meteorological stations are used to monitor parameters such as light intensity, ambient temperature, humidity and other parameters at the location of the PV power station; the above data are converted by an analog-to-digital converter and received by the data acquisition module.

[0005] The one-key drawing module automatically generates a layout diagram of the photovoltaic array based on the photovoltaic power station data collected by the data acquisition module, and automatically draws an electrical wiring diagram of the photovoltaic power station based on electrical design specifications and the photovoltaic power station data collected by the data acquisition module; The automatic identification module performs real-time analysis on the data of the photovoltaic power station collected by the data collection module, and automatically identifies the faulty components in the photovoltaic power station through a preset algorithm and threshold value; The adjustment and optimization module proposes maintenance suggestions for the faulty components according to the results of the automatic identification module, and optimizes and adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic power station; Specifically, based on the results of the automatic identification module, maintenance suggestions are made for faulty components or instructions for replacing components are automatically generated. At the same time, the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array are optimized and adjusted, such as adjusting the inclination and orientation of the components to improve the overall power generation efficiency; the electrical system is optimized and controlled, for example, the inverter's operating mode and output voltage are automatically adjusted according to the real-time light intensity and power generation power, to achieve maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic power station and improve power quality and transmission efficiency.

[0006] The user interaction module provides a user operation interface and displays the real-time operation status, formation diagram, and fault alarm information of the photovoltaic power station.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the data of the photovoltaic power station includes the power generation power, voltage, current of the photovoltaic power station, the light intensity, ambient temperature and humidity of the location of the photovoltaic power station, and the data of the photovoltaic power station also includes the layout parameters of the photovoltaic array.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a database, and data is transmitted between the data acquisition module and the database.

[0009] Specifically, the database stores the geographic information data of the photovoltaic power station (such as longitude and latitude, topographic data) and the layout parameters of the photovoltaic array (such as the number of components, arrangement, spacing, etc.).

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the one-key graphics module has a built-in data reading interface and a graphics drawing library.

[0011] Specifically, the data reading interface can parse the file format that stores the power station design parameters (such as the common CAD design file format .dxf or a specific photovoltaic power station design data format), and extract key information from these files, including the number of rows and columns of the photovoltaic array, the module model, the module size, the array spacing, the installation azimuth, the installation inclination and other layout parameters, as well as the model, location, connection relationship and other electrical design parameters of the electrical equipment (inverter, combiner box, etc.). The read parameters are structured and stored in the data structure in the memory (such as a custom array, structure or database table structure) for subsequent quick access and use. For some of the collected data, such as the geographic information data of the photovoltaic power station and the current environmental data, they are associated and integrated with the design parameters.

[0012] Specifically, the graphics drawing library uses a graphics drawing library (such as Python's PyQtGraph or JavaScript's D3.js, etc., depending on the software development platform) to draw the photovoltaic array layout diagram according to the processed photovoltaic array layout parameters, and also uses the graphics drawing library to draw the electrical wiring diagram according to the electrical equipment location and connection relationship information in the electrical design parameters.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the automatic identification module has built-in photovoltaic component fault identification algorithm and electrical system fault identification algorithm.

[0014] Specifically, the photovoltaic module fault identification algorithm periodically (for example, every 15 minutes) obtains the real-time power generation data of each photovoltaic module, calculates the average power generation of photovoltaic modules of the same type and region (for example, the same array or region with similar lighting conditions), and sets a power deviation threshold, such as 15%. If the power generation of a certain module is lower than the average power minus the threshold, and the duration exceeds a certain period of time (such as 1 hour), the module is initially marked as possibly faulty; the photovoltaic module fault identification algorithm collects the current-voltage (IV) curve data of the photovoltaic module under specific light intensity and ambient temperature conditions (for example, standard test conditions: light intensity 1000W / m², temperature 25℃). The normal module IV curve has a specific shape and characteristic parameters. The actual collected IV curve is compared with the standard normal module IV curve to measure whether the photovoltaic module is abnormal; the photovoltaic module fault identification algorithm uses the temperature sensor installed on the back panel or frame of the photovoltaic module to obtain the module temperature data in real time. A normal relationship model between the module temperature and factors such as ambient temperature and light intensity is established to measure whether the photovoltaic module is abnormal.

[0015] Specifically, the electrical system fault identification algorithm detects the output power, efficiency and other parameters of the inverter. Set the power fluctuation threshold and efficiency threshold. If the inverter output power frequently fluctuates beyond the set range or the efficiency is significantly lower than the normal level, it is judged that the inverter may have a fault; parse the fault code information of the inverter. Different types of inverters will generate specific fault codes when a fault occurs, and establish a corresponding database of fault codes and fault types. When the software receives the fault code sent by the inverter, it directly queries the database to determine the fault type; the electrical system fault identification algorithm uses current transformers and other equipment to monitor the current in the cable. If the current in a certain section of the cable suddenly drops to zero or is far below the normal operating current, and the current in the adjacent cable section is normal, there may be a circuit breaker fault. If the current suddenly increases significantly, exceeds the rated current carrying capacity of the cable and lasts for a long time, there may be a short circuit fault; regularly test the insulation resistance of the cable. By applying a specific voltage to the cable, measure the insulation resistance of the cable to the ground or between phases. If the insulation resistance is lower than the set threshold, it is judged that the cable has an insulation damage fault, which may cause leakage or short circuit risks.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the user interaction module includes a drawing area, a tool and an information display area.

[0017] Specifically, a special drawing area is opened up in the user interaction interface, and a graphical interface framework (such as Java's Swing or HTML5's Canvas, etc.) is used to carry the generated layout diagram and wiring diagram; the menu bar, toolbar and information display area of ​​the design interface are designed. The menu bar can provide file operations (such as saving, opening layout files), view switching (such as 2D view, 3D view switching), parameter settings and other functional options; the toolbar provides commonly used operation buttons, such as zooming in, zooming out, and translating the layout diagram, showing or hiding specific elements (such as only showing faulty components, only showing electrical lines, etc.); the information display area is used to display detailed information of the currently selected component or electrical equipment (such as power generation, operating time, fault code, etc.) and overall statistical information of the layout diagram (such as total installed capacity, number of normally operating components, etc.).

[0018] Specifically, the generated photovoltaic array layout diagram and electrical wiring diagram are drawn into the drawing area of ​​the interface, and the interactive function of the graphics is realized.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software can quickly and automatically generate layout diagrams and wiring diagrams based on design parameters and collected data, greatly shortening the design cycle and improving design efficiency. It can also automatically check rationality and improve design quality; Second, the centralized photovoltaic one-key formation map and automatic identification and adjustment software can eliminate the need for large-scale manual inspections, allowing operation and maintenance personnel to focus on fault handling and performance optimization. The software can quickly complete data collection and fault screening; 3. The centralized photovoltaic one-click mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software can generate strategies or instructions based on the identification results, reducing the time and complexity of operation and maintenance personnel in formulating plans. For example, it can quickly give adjustment or replacement suggestions when a component fails. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, including a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment and optimization module, and a user interaction module; the data acquisition module is communicated with the photovoltaic monitoring equipment to collect data of the photovoltaic power station in real time, and also includes a database, and data is transmitted between the data acquisition module and the database.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, further, for the collection of photovoltaic module data: Power generation: Real-time power generation data is obtained through photovoltaic module power sensors installed at the output end of the photovoltaic module. These sensors can convert current and voltage signals into power signals and output them in the form of analog signals (such as 0-10V or 4-20mA) or digital signals (such as through RS-485, Modbus and other communication protocols); Voltage and current: Voltage transformers and current transformers are used to measure the output voltage and current of photovoltaic modules respectively. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, they convert high voltage and high current signals into measurable small signals, and then convert analog signals into digital signals through signal conditioning circuits (such as amplification, filtering, etc.) and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) circuits for software collection; Temperature: Temperature sensors (such as thermocouples, thermistors, etc.) are installed on the backplane or frame of the photovoltaic module to directly measure the temperature of the module. These sensors will produce temperature-related resistance changes or thermoelectric potential changes, which are converted into temperature values ​​through corresponding conversion circuits and usually output in the form of digital signals for convenient data collection.

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention further provides for the collection of meteorological data: Light intensity: Install light intensity sensors (such as silicon photocell sensors) in the photovoltaic power station site. They can convert light intensity into electrical signals. Usually, light intensity sensors will output analog voltage signals, which are proportional to the light intensity. The analog signals are converted into digital signals through the ADC circuit for collection. Ambient temperature, humidity, etc.: Use temperature and humidity sensors (such as digital temperature and humidity sensors DHT11, SHT31, etc.) to obtain ambient temperature and humidity data. These sensors have integrated measurement and signal conversion circuits, and can output temperature and humidity values ​​in the form of digital signals (such as I2C or SPI communication protocols), which is convenient for communication with the data acquisition module.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, further, for the collection of electrical equipment data (such as inverter): Output power and efficiency: The inverter itself usually has a communication interface (such as RS-485, Ethernet, etc.) and internal monitoring functions, and can output its own output power, efficiency and other operating parameters. The data acquisition module can establish a connection with the inverter's communication interface and use the corresponding communication protocol (such as Modbus-TCP) to read these parameters; Fault code: When a fault occurs, the inverter will generate a specific fault code and send it out through the communication interface. The data acquisition module can receive these fault codes in real time to promptly detect and handle inverter faults.

[0026] An embodiment of the present invention is used, further, for the selection of hardware: Select appropriate sensors and data acquisition devices according to the data acquisition target. For sensors with analog signal output, it is necessary to select analog-to-digital conversion devices (such as data acquisition cards) with sufficient accuracy and sampling frequency. If it is a sensor with digital signal output, make sure that the data acquisition device supports the corresponding communication protocol (such as I2C, SPI, RS-485, etc.). For example, for multiple I2C temperature and humidity sensors, a microcontroller with multiple I2C interfaces (such as RaspberryPi) can be selected as a data acquisition device; if high-precision photovoltaic module power measurement is required, a high-precision power sensor should be selected; if the collected data needs to be transmitted over long distances, a communication interface and transmission medium with anti-interference capabilities should be selected (such as optical fiber communication for long distances and strong electromagnetic interference environments).

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, further, the selection of the communication protocol is as follows: For short-distance, low-rate data transmission, such as between sensors and local data acquisition devices, select I2C and SPI protocols; for medium- and long-distance and higher-rate data transmission, select RS-485 protocol; when communicating with electrical equipment (such as inverters), select Modbus-RTU (based on RS-485) or Modbus-TCP (based on Ethernet) protocol.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the database further stores geographic information data (such as longitude and latitude, topographic data) of the photovoltaic power station and layout parameters (such as the number of components, arrangement, spacing, etc.) of the photovoltaic array. The collected data can also be stored in the database. When storing data, the structure and format of the data should be considered. For example, a timestamp is added to each collected data point to facilitate subsequent time series analysis. The collected data can be stored in different tables or files according to categories (such as photovoltaic component data, meteorological data, electrical equipment data) to facilitate query and management. At the same time, a data storage strategy should be set, such as regularly clearing expired data to avoid wasting storage resources.

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a technical solution: centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, including a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment and optimization module, and a user interaction module. The one-key mapping module automatically generates a layout diagram of a photovoltaic array according to the data of the photovoltaic power station collected by the data acquisition module, and automatically draws an electrical wiring diagram of the photovoltaic power station according to electrical design specifications and the data of the photovoltaic power station collected by the data acquisition module. The one-key mapping module has a built-in data reading interface and a graphics drawing library.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic array layout diagram is generated. According to the processed photovoltaic array layout parameters, a graphics drawing library (such as Python's PyQtGraph or JavaScript's D3.js, etc., depending on the software development platform) is used to draw the photovoltaic array layout diagram. Based on the actual geographic coordinates of the site or the set virtual coordinate system, a graphical representation (usually a rectangle) of each photovoltaic component is drawn according to the number of rows and columns of the array and the size and spacing of the components. Different properties such as colors and border styles can be set for the component graphics to distinguish their states (normal operation, failure, maintenance, etc.). For example, a normal operating component is represented by a green filled rectangle, a faulty component is represented by a red filled rectangle, and the component number or other identification information is marked on the component graphics. According to the installation azimuth and inclination information, the component graphics are rotated and tilted so that it presents the actual installation posture in the layout diagram. At the same time, when drawing the connection lines between the arrays (such as DC cable lines), lines of different thicknesses and colors can be used to represent lines of different voltage levels or current capacities, and the connection points of the lines accurately correspond to the interface positions of the components and electrical equipment.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, further, the electrical wiring diagram is generated, and the electrical wiring diagram is also drawn using the graphic drawing library according to the electrical equipment position and connection relationship information in the electrical design parameters. Graphic symbols of electrical equipment such as inverters and junction boxes are drawn (which can be pre-designed standard electrical symbol pictures or custom symbols drawn using the graphic drawing library), and they are placed in the corresponding positions in the layout diagram (according to the actual installation location or the design planning location). According to the connection relationship, draw electrical connection lines at all levels from photovoltaic components to junction boxes, from junction boxes to inverters, and from inverters to grid access points. When drawing the line, the actual wiring requirements such as the direction of the line and the bending radius should be considered, and the electrical parameters of the line (such as voltage, current, cable specifications, etc.) should be marked on the line. For complex electrical wiring diagrams, a layered drawing method can be adopted, such as drawing the main circuit wiring first, then drawing the control circuit wiring, etc., and providing layer switching and display control functions to facilitate users to view the wiring conditions of different parts.

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, comprising a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment and optimization module, and a user interaction module. The automatic identification module performs real-time analysis on the data of the photovoltaic power station collected by the data acquisition module, and automatically identifies faulty components in the photovoltaic power station through preset algorithms and thresholds. The automatic identification module has built-in photovoltaic component fault identification algorithms and electrical system fault identification algorithms.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, real-time power generation data of each photovoltaic module is obtained periodically (for example, every 15 minutes). The average power generation of photovoltaic modules of the same type and in the same area (for example, the same array or an area with similar lighting conditions) is calculated. A power deviation threshold is set, such as 15%. If the power generation of a module is lower than the average power minus the threshold, and the duration exceeds a certain period of time (such as 1 hour), the module is initially marked as possibly faulty. The formula is: Assume that the module The power generation is , the average power of components in the same area is , the threshold is , the duration is ,when And the duration is greater than When a fault occurs, a fault warning is issued.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, further, under specific light intensity and ambient temperature conditions (e.g., standard test conditions: light intensity 1000W / m², temperature 25°C), current-voltage (IV) curve data of a photovoltaic module is collected. A normal module IV curve has a specific shape and characteristic parameters (e.g., open circuit voltage , short circuit current , Maximum power point voltage , Maximum power point current The actual collected IV curve is compared with the standard normal component IV curve. The similarity index of the curve can be calculated, such as using the correlation coefficient method to calculate the correlation between the two curves. If the correlation coefficient is lower than the set threshold (such as 0.8), it is judged that the component may be faulty. At the same time, analyze the changes in specific parameters of the curve, such as if If the voltage drops significantly, it may indicate an internal short circuit or bypass diode failure. The sharp drop may be due to battery cell damage and other reasons.

[0037] One embodiment of the present invention further utilizes a temperature sensor installed on the back panel or frame of a photovoltaic module to obtain module temperature data in real time. A normal relationship model between module temperature and factors such as ambient temperature and light intensity is established. For example, under a certain light intensity, the module temperature should have a reasonable temperature rise range based on the ambient temperature (e.g., for every 100W / m² increase in light intensity, the module temperature rises by 5-10°C relative to the ambient temperature). If the module temperature exceeds the normal temperature range (the upper and lower limits calculated by the model) and lasts for a long time (e.g., 30 minutes), it is judged that the module may have a fault such as poor heat dissipation or internal hot spots.

[0038] An embodiment of the present invention further monitors the output power, efficiency and other parameters of the inverter. Set a power fluctuation threshold and an efficiency threshold. If the output power of the inverter frequently fluctuates beyond the set range (for example, the output power fluctuation amplitude exceeds 10% of the rated power within 1 minute) or the efficiency is significantly lower than the normal level (such as lower than 80% of the design efficiency), it is determined that the inverter may have a fault, and the fault code information of the inverter is parsed. Inverters of different models will generate specific fault codes when a fault occurs. Establish a corresponding database of fault codes and fault types. When the software receives the fault code sent by the inverter, it directly queries the database to determine the fault type, such as overcurrent fault (fault code 01), overvoltage fault (fault code 02), etc.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, a current transformer and other equipment are further used to monitor the current in the cable. If the current in a certain section of the cable suddenly drops to zero or is far below the normal operating current, and the current in the adjacent cable section is normal, there may be a circuit breaker fault. If the current suddenly increases significantly, exceeds the rated current carrying capacity of the cable and lasts for a long time, there may be a short circuit fault, and the cable is regularly tested for insulation resistance. By applying a specific voltage to the cable, the insulation resistance of the cable to the ground or between phases is measured. If the insulation resistance is lower than the set threshold (such as 1MΩ / km), it is judged that the cable has an insulation damage fault, which may cause leakage or short circuit risks.

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, including a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment and optimization module, and a user interaction module. The adjustment and optimization module proposes maintenance suggestions for faulty components based on the results of the automatic identification module, and optimizes and adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic power station.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, further, the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array are optimized: Module inclination and orientation adjustment, real-time tracking and adjustment: Use the sun tracking sensors (such as high-precision solar azimuth and altitude sensors) installed in the photovoltaic power station to obtain the sun's position information in real time. According to the real-time position of the sun, combined with the local geographical latitude, longitude and seasonal changes, the optimal inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic module is calculated through a specific astronomical algorithm. Then, the electric adjustment device (such as electric push rod, motor-driven rotating mechanism, etc.) installed on the module bracket is controlled to accurately adjust the inclination and orientation of the module to ensure that the module can always receive solar radiation to the greatest extent and improve power generation efficiency. For example, in the northern hemisphere, the solar altitude angle is higher in summer, and the module inclination can be appropriately reduced; the solar altitude angle is lower in winter, and the module inclination should be appropriately increased; historical data analysis and optimization: Analyze the light intensity, power generation and other data in the past period of time (such as one year). Through data mining and statistical analysis technology, find the optimal inclination and orientation combination of modules in different seasons and different time periods. For example, analysis found that in a certain area between 9 and 11 a.m. in spring, the highest power generation efficiency is achieved when the components are facing 15 degrees southeast and with an inclination angle of 30 degrees. In this period in the coming spring, the software can automatically control the components to adjust to this optimal state. At the same time, the model established based on historical data can also predict future lighting conditions, plan component adjustment strategies in advance, and further improve power generation efficiency.

[0043] Component cleaning and maintenance scheduling, dirt detection and evaluation: By analyzing the power generation data of photovoltaic components and related data such as light intensity and ambient temperature, combined with the pre-established component cleanliness and power generation efficiency relationship model, the degree of dirt on the component surface can be determined. For example, if the power generation of the component continues to decline and exceeds the normal fluctuation range under normal light intensity, and there are a lot of pollutants such as dust and sand in the environment, the software can determine that the dirt on the surface of the component seriously affects the power generation efficiency. In addition, image recognition technology can be used to capture the surface image of the component through the camera installed in the power station, analyze the coverage area and distribution of the dirt in the image, and further accurately evaluate the cleaning needs of the component. Cleaning plan formulation and execution: According to the results of dirt detection and evaluation, the component cleaning plan is automatically formulated. The plan includes the time arrangement of cleaning (such as choosing to clean during periods with low power generation efficiency, such as night or cloudy days, to reduce the impact of the cleaning process on power generation), the selection of cleaning methods (such as manual cleaning, automatic cleaning robot cleaning or high-pressure water gun cleaning, etc., determined according to the type of component, type of dirt and actual situation of the power station) and the scheduling of cleaning equipment (such as controlling the start-up and path planning of the cleaning robot, or notifying the operation and maintenance personnel to prepare cleaning tools and equipment). After cleaning is completed, the power generation of the components is monitored again, the cleaning effect is evaluated, and the cleaning plan is optimized and adjusted to ensure that the components always maintain good power generation performance.

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention further provides for optimized control of an electrical system: Inverter working mode optimization, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) optimization: real-time monitoring of the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic array, according to different light intensity and ambient temperature conditions, adjust the working point of the inverter so that it always runs in the maximum power tracking state. By continuously optimizing the MPPT algorithm (such as using the prediction algorithm of the maximum power point voltage (VMPP) and the maximum power point current (IMPP) of the maximum power point tracking, adjusting the input voltage and current of the inverter in advance to avoid power loss caused by rapid changes in light intensity), the conversion efficiency of the inverter to the output power of the photovoltaic array is improved. For example, when the light intensity suddenly increases, the input voltage of the inverter is quickly adjusted to quickly approach the new VMPP value to ensure that the components can output electrical energy at maximum power; multi-inverter coordinated operation optimization: in large centralized photovoltaic power stations, there are usually multiple inverters working at the same time. The adjustment and optimization module monitors the operating status of each inverter (such as output power, efficiency, load rate, etc.) to coordinate the control of multiple inverters. For example, when the load rate of a certain inverter is too high and the load of other inverters is light, the output of part of the photovoltaic array is switched to the inverter with lighter load, so that the load of each inverter is balanced, improving the stability and efficiency of the entire electrical system. At the same time, according to the access requirements of the power grid and the power generation plan of the power station, coordinate the output power and power factor of each inverter to ensure that the power station can stably and efficiently transmit electric energy to the power grid; electrical parameter adjustment and fault repair: voltage and current adjustment: real-time monitoring of voltage and current parameters in the electrical system, when abnormal voltage or current is found (such as voltage is too high or too low, current is too large or too small), adjust the electrical parameters to the normal range by adjusting the output voltage of the inverter, changing the transformation ratio of the transformer or controlling the reactive compensation equipment. For example, when the power grid voltage fluctuates and causes the output voltage of the power station to be too high, the inverter automatically reduces the output voltage to protect the electrical equipment and meet the requirements of grid access; automatic fault repair and isolation: when a fault occurs in the electrical system (such as cable short circuit, circuit break, inverter fault, etc.), the automatic identification module transmits the fault information to the adjustment optimization module. The adjustment and optimization module takes corresponding automatic repair measures according to the fault type and location. For some simple faults, such as the inverter over-temperature protection fault, the software can control the inverter to reduce the output power, start the heat dissipation device, and automatically resume normal operation after the temperature returns to normal. For serious faults, such as cable short circuits, the software quickly controls the relevant circuit breakers to trip, isolate the faulty line, prevent the fault from expanding, and send detailed fault alarm information to the operation and maintenance personnel, including the fault location, fault type and possible repair suggestions, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can carry out on-site repairs in a timely manner.

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: centralized photovoltaic one-key mapping and automatic identification and adjustment software, including a data acquisition module, a one-key mapping module, an automatic identification module, an adjustment and optimization module, and a user interaction module. The user interaction module provides a user operation interface and displays the real-time operation status, conversion map, and fault alarm information of the photovoltaic power station. The user interaction module includes a drawing area, tools, and an information display area.

[0047] One embodiment of the present invention further includes interface layout design: a special drawing area is opened in the user interaction interface, and a graphical interface framework (such as Java's Swing or HTML5's Canvas, etc.) is used to carry the generated layout diagram and wiring diagram; the menu bar, toolbar and information display area of ​​the design interface. The menu bar can provide file operations (such as saving, opening layout diagram files), view switching (such as 2D view, 3D view switching), parameter settings and other functional options; the toolbar provides commonly used operation buttons, such as zooming in, zooming out, and panning the layout diagram, showing or hiding specific elements (such as only showing faulty components, only showing electrical lines, etc.); the information display area is used to display detailed information of the currently selected component or electrical equipment (such as power generation, operating time, fault code, etc.) and overall statistical information of the layout diagram (such as total installed capacity, number of normally operating components, etc.).

[0048] One embodiment of the present invention further includes graphic display and interactive processing: the generated photovoltaic array layout diagram and electrical wiring diagram are drawn into the drawing area of ​​the interface, and the interactive function of the graphics is realized. For example, when the user hovers the mouse over the component or electrical equipment graphic, a prompt box for detailed information of the element is displayed; when the user clicks the component graphic, its detailed information is updated and displayed in the information display area, and relevant operation buttons are provided (such as starting a diagnostic test on the component, marking it for repair, etc.); operations such as mouse wheel zooming and mouse dragging to pan the layout diagram are supported, so that the user can easily view various parts of the layout diagram; when the layout diagram or wiring diagram is updated (such as a new faulty component is detected or the electrical connection is changed), it is timely redrawn or partially updated on the interface to maintain the real-time and accuracy of the information.

Claims

1. Centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software, characterized by: It includes data acquisition module, one-key mapping module, automatic identification module, adjustment and optimization module, and user interaction module; The data acquisition module is connected to the photovoltaic monitoring equipment for real-time data collection of the photovoltaic power station; The one-key drawing module automatically generates a layout diagram of the photovoltaic array based on the photovoltaic power station data collected by the data acquisition module, and automatically draws an electrical wiring diagram of the photovoltaic power station based on electrical design specifications and the photovoltaic power station data collected by the data acquisition module; The automatic identification module performs real-time analysis on the data of the photovoltaic power station collected by the data collection module, and automatically identifies the faulty components in the photovoltaic power station through a preset algorithm and threshold value; The adjustment and optimization module proposes maintenance suggestions for the faulty components according to the results of the automatic identification module, and optimizes and adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic power station; The user interaction module provides a user operation interface and displays the real-time operation status, formation diagram, and fault alarm information of the photovoltaic power station.

2. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data of the photovoltaic power station include the power generation power, voltage, current of the photovoltaic power station, light intensity, ambient temperature, humidity of the location of the photovoltaic power station, and the data of the photovoltaic power station also include the layout parameters of the photovoltaic array.

3. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a database, and data is transmitted between the data acquisition module and the database.

4. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The one-click graphics module has a built-in data reading interface and a graphics drawing library.

5. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The automatic identification module has built-in photovoltaic component fault identification algorithms and electrical system fault identification algorithms.

6. The centralized photovoltaic one-key formation diagram and automatic identification and adjustment software according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The user interaction module includes a drawing area, a tool and an information display area.

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