Multi-source coupling type graphene heterojunction radiation volt isotope battery
By using a multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovolt isotope batteries to form a radio source formed by radioactive isotope coupling, the problems of unsatisfactory output performance and radiation from the absorption effect are solved, and higher output performance and application value are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411768146.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
AI Technical Summary
The output performance of existing graphene heterojunction radiovolt isotope batteries is not ideal, which limits its application, and the self-absorbing effect of the radioactive source affects the surface exit activity.
A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction structure is adopted, including a graphene layer, a low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer and a high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer. The radio source is formed by coupling a variety of radioactive isotopes, and the radio source is directly adsorbed or prepared into a semiconductor material to reduce the self-absorption effect.
It improves the output performance of the battery, enhances the total activity of the radioactive source, enables more energy of the decayed particles to be utilized, reduces the self-absorbing effect of the radioactive source, and thus enhances the application value of the battery.
Smart Images
Figure CN119673520A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy application and relates to a multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery. Background Art
[0002] Radioisotope batteries are devices that convert the energy of beta particles generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes into electrical energy. They have the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, high safety and reliability, and long-term stable service and operation. They have great potential application value in deep space, deep sea, polar regions, medicine, and micro-nanoelectronics. Excellent output performance is the prerequisite for the widespread application of radioisotope batteries.
[0003] The current research on radioisotope batteries involves many aspects, including the selection of semiconductor materials, the optimal design of the transducer device structure, the selection and optimization of the radiation source, etc. How to balance these factors is the key to improving the output performance of radioisotope batteries. Among them, the selection of semiconductor materials and the optimal design of the transducer device structure have been widely and deeply studied. In recent years, thanks to the excellent properties of graphene materials and the maturity of doping control methods, graphene heterojunctions have been successfully applied to the preparation of radioisotope batteries. However, the actual output performance of the battery is not ideal, which limits its application. In addition, as an important part of the research on radioisotope batteries, the self-absorption effect of the radiation source seriously affects the surface emission activity of the radiation source. Simply relying on increasing the activity of a single radiation source to improve the output performance of the battery is of limited significance. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the output performance of the graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery.
[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery.
[0006] A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery, characterized in that the battery comprises an upper electrode, a radiation source layer, a graphene heterojunction transduction structure and a back electrode, wherein the graphene heterojunction transduction structure is located between the upper electrode and the back electrode, the radiation source layer is located on the graphene heterojunction transduction structure on the inner side of the upper electrode, the graphene heterojunction transduction structure is composed of a graphene layer, a low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer and a high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer, the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer is sandwiched between the graphene layer and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer, and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer is close to the back electrode side, and the radiation source of the battery is formed by coupling at least two of the radioactive isotopes in the radiation source layer, the radioactive isotopes in the graphene layer, the original atoms in the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer replaced by the radioactive isotopes, and the original atoms in the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer replaced by the radioactive isotopes.
[0007] Furthermore, the radiation source layer is formed by: 32 P. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 137 Cs, 147 Pm is directly made into a radiation source layer and covered on the surface of the graphene heterojunction transducer structure, or is deposited on the graphene layer on the surface of the graphene heterojunction transducer structure by physical or chemical methods. The thickness of the radiation source layer is 0.3 to 3 μm.
[0008] Furthermore, the radioactive isotopes in the graphene layer are emitted as gaseous radiation sources. 3 H exists in the form of adsorption in the graphene layer material.
[0009] Alternatively, the radioactive isotope in the graphene layer is 14 C, a radioactive isotope 14 C replaces the C atoms in the graphene layer material to generate 14 C graphene.
[0010] Preferably, the radioactive isotope of the radiation source is a 3 H. 14 C. 32 4. 32 P. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 137 Cs, 147 One or more of Pm.
[0011] Preferably, the graphene layer may be graphene prepared by a chemical method or a physical method, may be reduced graphene oxide, or may be modified graphene, and the thickness of the graphene layer is 0.3 to 2 μm.
[0012] Preferably, the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer are one of Si, GaAs, GaN, SiC, diamond, or are wide bandgap semiconductors or ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors.
[0013] The doping concentration of the low-concentration doped semiconductor layer is 1×10 10 ~1×10 15 cm -3 , with a thickness of 2 to 50 μm; the doping concentration of the high-concentration doped semiconductor layer is 1×10 15 ~1×10 20 cm -3 , thickness is 30~300μm.
[0014] Preferably, the upper electrode and the back electrode are composite electrodes of one or a combination of several of Au, Ag, Ni, Al, Ti, Cu, Ge, In, Ga, and Pt.
[0015] Furthermore, in the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer, the semiconductor material is Si, SiC, diamond or a material containing C or Si, and the radiation source is a radioactive isotope. 14 C and 32 The Si forms replace the C atoms and Si atoms in the semiconductor material to form a radioactive semiconductor material.
[0016] The multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery can be connected and packaged in series and parallel.
[0017] The multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery can be matched with corresponding energy storage devices and control circuits to ensure continuous and stable output of the battery.
[0018] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. The present invention proposes to use multiple radioactive isotopes for coupling and superposition to increase the total activity of the radioactive source to improve the output performance of the battery. At the same time, in order to minimize the self-absorption effect of the radioactive source, a method of directly adsorbing the radioactive source or using it to directly prepare a semiconductor material is adopted, so that the energy of the decay particles of the radioactive source can be used as much as possible by the energy conversion structure, thereby greatly improving the output performance of the battery;
[0020] The present invention proposes further optimization of the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure, adding an intrinsic semiconductor material layer (i.e., a low-concentration doped semiconductor layer), increasing the barrier height of the graphene heterojunction, and comprehensively improving the output performance of the graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery and enhancing its application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiation-voltaic isotope battery.
[0022] In the figure, 1, radiation source layer; 2, graphene heterojunction transducer structure; 21, graphene layer; 22, low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer; 23, high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer; 3, upper electrode; 4, back electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery comprises an upper electrode 3, a radiation source layer 1, a graphene heterojunction transducer structure 2 and a back electrode 4. The graphene heterojunction transducer structure 2 is located between the upper electrode 3 and the back electrode 4. The radiation source layer 1 is located on the graphene heterojunction transducer structure 2 on the inner side of the upper electrode 3. The graphene heterojunction transducer structure 2 is composed of a graphene layer 21, a low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 22 and a high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 23. The low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 22 is sandwiched between the graphene layer 21 and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 23. The high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 23 is close to the back electrode 4. The radiation source of the battery is formed by coupling at least two of the radioactive isotopes in the radiation source layer 1, the radioactive isotopes in the graphene layer 21, the original atoms in the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 22 replaced by the radioactive isotopes, and the original atoms in the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer 23 replaced by the radioactive isotopes.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] Its structure is as Figure 1 Specifically, it is a 3 H and 63 Ni multi-source coupled graphene / Si heterojunction radioisotope battery, the upper electrode 3 of the battery is Ag, and the radiation source layer 1 is 1 μm 63 Ni source, 0.1μm adsorption at a ratio of 1:1 3 The H source reduced graphene oxide layer 21, 10 μm doping concentration is 3×10 12 cm -3The low concentration doped Si semiconductor layer 22 has a doping concentration of 2×10 19 cm -3 The high concentration doped Si semiconductor layer 23 and the back electrode 4 are InGa. The total activity of the radiation source is 45mCi / cm 2 , the battery output performance is about 0.2μW / cm 2 .
[0027] Example 2
[0028] Its structure is as Figure 1 Specifically, it is a 14 C and 147 Pm multi-source coupled graphene / diamond heterojunction radioisotope battery, the upper electrode 3 of the battery is Ag, and the radiation source layer 1 is 0.5 μm 147 Pm source, 2nm nitrogen doped modified graphene layer 21, 8μm doping concentration is 1×10 12 cm -3 Low concentration doping 14 C diamond semiconductor layer 22, 260 μm, doping concentration 1×10 19 cm - 3. High concentration doping 14 C diamond semiconductor layer 23, back electrode 4 is Ti / Pt / Au. Total activity of radiation source 420mCi / cm 2 , the battery output performance is about 10μW / cm 2 .
[0029] Example 3
[0030] Its structure is as Figure 1 Specifically, it is a 3 H. 32 Si and 63 Ni multi-source coupled graphene / Si heterojunction radioisotope battery, the upper electrode 3 of the battery is Ag, and the radiation source layer 1 is 1 μm 63 Ni source, 0.1μm adsorption at a 1:1 ratio 3 The H-doped graphene oxide layer 21,5 μm is doped with a concentration of 1×10 12 cm -3 Low concentration doping 32 Si semiconductor layer 22, 240 μm, doping concentration is 1×10 19 cm -3 High concentration doping 32 Si semiconductor layer 23, back electrode 4 is InGa. Total activity of radiation source 240mCi / cm 2 , the battery output performance is about 4.2μW / cm 2 .
[0031] Example 4
[0032] Its structure is as Figure 1 Specifically, it is a 3 H. 14 C and 147 Pm multi-source coupled graphene / SiC heterojunction radioisotope battery, the upper electrode 3 of the battery is Ag, and the radiation source layer 1 is 0.5 μm 147 Pm source, 0.1μm adsorption at a ratio of 1:1 3 H's 14 C graphene layer 21, 10 μm doping concentration 1×10 12 cm -3 The low-concentration doped SiC semiconductor layer 22 has a doping concentration of 2×10 19 cm -3 The high concentration doped SiC semiconductor layer 23 and the back electrode 4 are Ni / Ti / Au. The total activity of the radiation source is 180mCi / cm 2 , the battery output performance is about 6μW / cm 2 .
[0033] Example 5
[0034] Its structure is as Figure 1 Specifically, it is a 3 H. 14 C. 32 Si and 147 Pm multi-source coupled graphene / SiC heterojunction radioisotope battery, the upper electrode 3 of the battery is Ag, and the radiation source layer 1 is 0.5 μm 147 Pm source, 0.1μm adsorption at a ratio of 1:1 3 H's 14 C graphene layer 21, 10 μm doping concentration 1×10 12 cm -3 Low concentration doping 32 SiC semiconductor layer 22, 300 μm, doping concentration is 2×10 19 cm -3 High concentration doping 32 SiC semiconductor layer 23, back electrode 4 is Ni / Ti / Au. Total activity of radiation source 380mCi / cm 2 , the battery output performance is about 15μW / cm 2 .
[0035] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radioisotope battery, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper electrode (3), a radiation source layer (1), a graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2) and a back electrode (4); the graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2) is located between the upper electrode (3) and the back electrode (4); the radiation source layer (1) is located on the graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2) on the inner side of the upper electrode (3); the graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2) is composed of a graphene layer (21), a low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (22) and a high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23); the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (22) The battery is sandwiched between a graphene layer (21) and a high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23), wherein the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23) is close to a side of a back electrode (4). The radiation source of the battery is formed by coupling at least two of the radioactive isotopes in the radiation source layer (1), the radioactive isotopes in the graphene layer (21), the original atoms in the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (22) replaced by the radioactive isotopes, and the original atoms in the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23) replaced by the radioactive isotopes.
2. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation source layer (1) is formed by: 32 P. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 137 Cs, 147 Pm is directly made into a radiation source layer (1) covering the surface of a graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2), or is deposited on a graphene layer (21) on the surface of the graphene heterojunction transducer structure (2) by a physical or chemical method. The thickness of the radiation source layer (1) is 0.3 to 3 μm.
3. The multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radioactive isotope in the graphene layer (21) is a gaseous radiation source. 3 H exists in the form of adsorption in the graphene layer (21) material.
4. The multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radioactive isotope in the graphene layer (21) is 14 C, a radioactive isotope 14 C replaces the C atoms in the graphene layer (21) material to generate 14 C graphene.
5. The multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radioactive isotope of the radiation source is a beta particle emitter. 3 H. 14 C. 32 4. 32 P. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 137 Cs, 147 One or more of Pm.
6. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The graphene layer (21) can be graphene prepared by a chemical method or a physical method, or reduced oxidized graphene, or modified graphene. The thickness of the graphene layer (21) is 0.3 to 2 μm.
7. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (22) and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23) are one of Si, GaAs, GaN, SiC, and diamond, or are wide-bandgap semiconductors or ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductors.
8. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The doping concentration of the dopant in the low-concentration doped semiconductor layer is 1×10 10 ~1×10 15 cm -3 , with a thickness of 2 to 50 μm; the doping concentration of the dopant in the high-concentration doped semiconductor layer is 1×10 15 ~1×10 20 cm -3 , thickness is 30~300μm.
9. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The upper electrode (3) and the back electrode (4) are composite electrodes of one or a combination of several of Au, Ag, Ni, Al, Ti, Cu, Ge, In, Ga and Pt.
10. A multi-source coupled graphene heterojunction radiovoltaic isotope battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In the low-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (22) and the high-concentration doped semiconductor material layer (23), the semiconductor material is Si, SiC, diamond or a material containing C or Si, and the radiation source is a radioactive isotope. 14 C and 32 The Si forms replace the C atoms and Si atoms in the semiconductor material to form a radioactive semiconductor material.