Intercropping high-yield cultivation method for corns with different plant types

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to an intercropping high-yield cultivation method for corns of different plant types. Comprising the following steps that 1, base fertilizer is applied after soil preparation, and then semi-compact corn and compact corn are intercropped; (2) applying a water-retaining organic fertilizer to the semi-compact corn in a seedling stage, and simultaneously topdressing the semi-compact corn and the compact corn in a jointing stage, a large horn mouth stage and a flowering and grain stage; (3) harvesting in a mature period. The cultivation method is convenient to operate, mechanical operation can be achieved, large-scale large-area planting and popularization can be achieved, the photosynthetic rate of plants can be increased, the dry matter accumulation amount can be increased, the canopy structure can be optimized, the yield can be increased, the advantages of cost saving, efficiency increasing, ecological environmental protection, yield increasing and efficiency increasing and the like are further achieved, and the cultivation method has important significance on development of the summer corn industry in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, and in particular to a high-yield intercropping cultivation method for corns with different plant types. Background Art

[0002] The Huanghuaihai Plain is one of the six major corn producing areas. The current corn production has problems such as low resource utilization and soil degradation. Therefore, it is an important challenge to increase corn yields through limited arable land. The growth period of summer corn is 3 to 4 months, the growth time is short, and the light and heat resources are limited. Increasing the planting density is an effective way to increase corn yields, but this is also accompanied by intensified competition among individuals, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmission in the group, weak material growth ability, and uncoordinated transportation, which is not conducive to increasing corn yields. Varieties, climate, and planting methods can all regulate the group structure and optimize factors such as light in the canopy and field microclimate. In the actual production process, different cultivation measures can be used to construct a reasonable canopy structure to improve light energy utilization efficiency and material accumulation efficiency. Different corn varieties have different fertilizer utilization efficiencies. Therefore, using different fertilization methods in intercropping according to different fertilizer utilization efficiencies is conducive to saving costs and effectively increasing yields. At the same time, uneven planting can change the growth space of corn, causing corresponding changes in the physiological ecology and microenvironment of the group. Building a reasonable intercropping pattern is conducive to rationalizing the corn canopy structure, which can improve the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and light energy utilization of the group, and at the same time increase the yield. Therefore, in view of the fact that monoculture corn is prone to cause unreasonable canopy structure, the planting method of constructing a high-light-efficiency canopy structure is particularly important for increasing summer corn yields, and has great industrial practical value for the summer corn industry.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-yield cultivation method of intercropping corns of different plant types combined with different fertilization methods to construct a reasonable group canopy structure, optimize the utilization of light, temperature, water and fertilizer resources, and increase corn yield, which is of great significance to increasing the yield of summer corn under limited arable land area. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a high-yield intercropping cultivation method for corns of different plant types.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a high-yield intercropping cultivation method for corns of different plant types, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Apply basal fertilizer after land preparation, and then intercrop semi-compact corn and compact corn;

[0008] The base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of Chinese medicinal residues, 20-30 parts of pig manure, 6-10 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of peanut cake powder, 1-2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2-3 parts of composting agent;

[0009] The composting bacteria agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae;

[0010] (2) Apply water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage, and apply topdressing to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the jointing stage, the flaring stage, and the flowering and grain stage;

[0011] The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of base fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.5 to 2.5 parts of fulvic acid;

[0012] The topdressing comprises the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of base fertilizer and 5-9 parts of compound fertilizer;

[0013] (3) Harvest at maturity.

[0014] Preferably, the semi-compact corn variety described in step (1) is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

[0015] Preferably, the row spacing in step (1) is 50 to 70 cm; and the intercropping ratio of the semi-compact corn and compact corn is 1:2 to 3.

[0016] Preferably, the Chinese medicine residues are astragalus residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, honeysuckle residues, Poria residues, liquorice residues and angelica residues.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 15-19:13-17:12-16:10-14:10-14:5-7:6-10, and the bacterial content is 400-600 million / g.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer is: mixing Chinese medicinal residues, pig manure and chicken manure to adjust the water content to 62-68% and then composting, and then adding peanut cake powder, bean cake powder and composting bacteria agent for mixed fermentation to obtain the base fertilizer.

[0019] Preferably, the composting time is 7 to 11 days; the fermentation time is 15 to 20 days, and the pile is turned every 4 to 6 days.

[0020] Preferably, when step (2) is applied at the jointing stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 6-8:3-4:4-6; when applied at the trumpet stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 5-8:2-3:8-10; when applied at the flowering and grain stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 9-12:4-6:20-26.

[0021] Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer in step (2) is 400-600 kg / mu; the application amount of the water-retaining organic fertilizer is 40-60 kg / mu; and the application amount of the topdressing fertilizer is 70-100 kg / mu.

[0022] Preferably, the total planting density of the semi-compact corn and compact corn in step (2) is 67,500 to 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 .

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The Chinese medicine residue used in the present invention may contain medicinal ingredients that are not fully absorbed. If these ingredients are directly in contact with soil, soil microbial communities may be disturbed, thereby affecting the ecological balance of the soil. And the Chinese medicine residue contains the branches and leaves of plants and the parts of animals, which are relatively difficult to handle. The direct burial of the Chinese medicine residue without proper treatment may cause odor and heat problems, affecting the quality of compost, and the fertilizer effect period of the Chinese medicine residue is shorter, and continuous fertilization is required, which increases the complexity and cost of use. Therefore, the present invention first composts the Chinese medicine residue, first mixes the Chinese medicine residue, pig manure, and chicken manure for simple composting, makes the material preliminarily decomposed, and then adds a fermentation agent, can reach the purpose of fully decomposing the material, can also degrade the active substances of the medicine class in the Chinese medicine residue, avoid its impact on the growth of crops.

[0025] Among the strains added by the present invention, Bacillus alvei and Pseudoalteromonas have antibacterial effects, which can not only effectively remove harmful bacteria in compost materials, but also have excellent control effects on various plant pathogens, and can also enhance the stress resistance of crops. Trichoderma viride can effectively decompose crude fiber in traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the use of capsule-coated yeast can decompose large molecular proteins in traditional Chinese medicine residues and feces into small molecular proteins that can be directly used.

[0026] The addition of Bacillus subtilis, Nocardia pseudospora and Enterobacter agglomerans can increase the compost fermentation temperature, speed up the decomposition of organic matter, help reduce the moisture content of the compost after maturity, reduce the pH value of the compost at the beginning of fermentation, increase the relative content of total nitrogen, speed up the decline of C / N ratio, and promote the compost maturity process. Peanut cake powder and soybean cake powder provide nitrogen source and carbon source respectively.

[0027] The basal fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention not only has comprehensive nutritional elements and eliminates the use of chemical fertilizers, but also has high fertilizer efficiency and can effectively promote the growth of corn plants, and can be used throughout the corn planting process.

[0028] The present invention applies water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage, because the evaporation of semi-compact corn during the growth period is relatively large, and the nutrient demand is also large. The use of water-retaining organic fertilizer can provide sufficient water and nutrients for corn. The fulvic acid (FA) added by the present invention is a water-soluble component with a smaller molecular weight in humic acid, which can reduce the stomatal opening, inhibit water transpiration, and thus reduce soil water evaporation.

[0029] During the jointing stage, the trumpet stage and the flowering and grain stage, topdressing is applied to semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time. The fertilizer components used are also base fertilizers. Only a small amount of compound fertilizer needs to be added to meet the growth of the corn plants.

[0030] The cultivation method of the present invention solves the problems of comprehensive utilization of temperature and humidity, sunlight, water and fertilizer, etc. by changing the conventional single planting method and adopting a three-dimensional cultivation method of intercropping corns of different plant types with different fertilization methods, and finally achieves high yield and high efficiency per unit area of ​​land.

[0031] The cultivation method of the present invention, intercropping of corns of different plant types and different fertilization methods can promote niche differentiation between groups in time and space, reduce interspecific competition, meet the needs of growth time and different light and nutrients, and improve the radiation utilization efficiency of the group. In addition, mixed cultivation of different varieties of the same crop can reduce the incidence of field pests and diseases, as well as reduce field weeds.

[0032] The cultivation method of the present invention is easy to operate, can be mechanized, can be planted and promoted on a large scale, can improve the photosynthetic rate of the plant, increase the dry matter accumulation, optimize the canopy structure and increase the yield. It also has the advantages of cost saving and efficiency improvement, ecological protection, increased production and efficiency improvement, etc., and is of great significance to the development of my country's summer corn industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a statistical chart of the yield of different experimental groups. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention provides a high-yield intercropping cultivation method for corns of different plant types, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) Apply basal fertilizer after land preparation, and then intercrop semi-compact corn and compact corn;

[0037] The base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of Chinese medicinal residues, 20-30 parts of pig manure, 6-10 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of peanut cake powder, 1-2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2-3 parts of composting agent;

[0038] The composting bacteria agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae;

[0039] (2) Apply water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage, and apply topdressing to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the jointing stage, the flaring stage, and the flowering and grain stage;

[0040] The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of base fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.5 to 2.5 parts of fulvic acid;

[0041] The topdressing comprises the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of base fertilizer and 5-9 parts of compound fertilizer;

[0042] (3) Harvest at maturity.

[0043] In the present invention, the basal fertilizer preferably includes the following components in mass parts: 52-58 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 22-28 parts of pig manure, 7-9 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of peanut cake powder, 2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2.5 parts of composting agent; further preferably, it includes the following components in mass parts: 54-56 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 24-26 parts of pig manure, 8 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of peanut cake powder, 2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2.5 parts of composting agent; more preferably, it includes the following components in mass parts: 55 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 25 parts of pig manure, 8 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of peanut cake powder, 2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2.5 parts of composting agent.

[0044] In the present invention, the water-retaining organic fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 22 to 28 parts of basal fertilizer, 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.7 to 2.3 parts of fulvic acid; further preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 to 26 parts of basal fertilizer, 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.9 to 2.1 parts of fulvic acid; more preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of basal fertilizer, 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 2 parts of fulvic acid.

[0045] In the present invention, the basal fertilizer includes the following components in mass fractions: 22-28 parts of basal fertilizer and 6-8 parts of compound fertilizer; further preferably, it includes the following components in mass fractions: 24-26 parts of basal fertilizer and 7 parts of compound fertilizer; more preferably, it includes the following components in mass fractions: 25 parts of basal fertilizer and 7 parts of compound fertilizer.

[0046] In the present invention, the semi-compact corn variety described in step (1) is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

[0047] In the present invention, the spacing between planting rows in step (1) is 50 to 70 cm; preferably 54 to 66 cm; more preferably 58 to 62 cm; and more preferably 60 cm.

[0048] In the present invention, the intercropping ratio of the semi-compact corn and the compact corn in step (1) is 1:2 to 3, preferably 1:2.

[0049] In the present invention, the Chinese medicine residues are astragalus residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, honeysuckle residues, Poria residues, liquorice residues and angelica residues.

[0050] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 15-19:13-17:12-16:10-14:10-14:5-7:6-10; preferably 16-18:14-16:13-15:11-13:11-13:6:7-9; further preferably 17:15:14:12:12:6:8.

[0051] In the present invention, the bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 400-600 million / g, preferably 500 million / g.

[0052] In the present invention, the preparation method of the base fertilizer is: Chinese medicinal residues, pig manure and chicken manure are mixed and adjusted to a water content of 62-68% and then composted, and then peanut cake powder, bean cake powder and composting bacteria are added and mixed and fermented to obtain the base fertilizer; preferably, the water content is adjusted to 63-67% and then composted; more preferably, the water content is adjusted to 64-66% and then composted; more preferably, the water content is adjusted to 65% and then composted.

[0053] In the present invention, the composting time is 7 to 11 days, preferably 8 to 10 days, and more preferably 9 days.

[0054] The fermentation time is 15 to 20 days, and the pile is turned every 4 to 6 days; preferably, the fermentation time is 16 to 19 days, and the pile is turned every 5 days; further preferably, the fermentation time is 18 days, and the pile is turned every 5 days.

[0055] In the present invention, when step (2) is applied at the jointing stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer = 6-8: 3-4: 4-6; preferably 7: 3-4: 4-6; more preferably 7: 4: 4-6; more preferably 7: 4: 5.

[0056] In the present invention, when step (2) is applied during the large trumpet mouth period, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 5-8:2-3:8-10; preferably 6-7:3:9; more preferably 7:3:9.

[0057] In the present invention, when step (2) is applied at the flowering and grain stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 9-12:4-6:20-26; preferably 10-11:5:21-25; further preferably 11:5:22-24; more preferably 11:5:23.

[0058] In the present invention, the application amount of the base fertilizer in step (2) is 400-600 kg / mu; preferably 440-560 kg / mu; more preferably 480-520 kg / mu; more preferably 500 kg / mu.

[0059] In the present invention, the application amount of the water-retaining organic fertilizer in step (2) is 40-60 kg / mu; preferably 44-56 kg / mu; more preferably 48-52 kg / mu; more preferably 50 kg / mu.

[0060] In the present invention, the application amount of the topdressing in step (2) is 70-100 kg / mu; preferably 80-90 kg / mu; more preferably 85 kg / mu.

[0061] In the present invention, the total planting density of the semi-compact corn and compact corn in step (2) is 67,500 to 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 ; preferably 68000-74000 plants / hm 2 ; More preferably, 69000 to 73000 plants / hm 2 ; More preferably 71000 plants / hm 2 .

[0062] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping corns with different plant types, comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) Mix 50 parts of Chinese medicinal residue, 20 parts of pig manure, and 6 parts of chicken manure, adjust the moisture content to 62%, and compost for 7 days. Then add 1 part of peanut cake powder, 1 part of soybean cake powder, and 2 parts of composting bacteria agent, mix and ferment for 15 days, and turn the pile every 4 days to obtain base fertilizer.

[0066] The Chinese medicinal residues are astragalus root residues, scutellaria root residues, honeysuckle root residues, Poria root residues, liquorice root residues and angelica root residues of equal mass.

[0067] The composting bacterial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio is 15:13:12:10:10:5:6, and the bacterial content is 400 million / g.

[0068] (2) After land preparation, 400 kg / mu of basal fertilizer was applied; then semi-compact corn and compact corn were intercropped; the intercropping ratio was 1:2, and the row spacing was 50 cm; the total planting density of semi-compact corn and compact corn was 67,500 plants / hm2. 2 The semi-compact corn variety is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

[0069] (3) Apply 40 kg / mu of water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage;

[0070] The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 20 parts of base fertilizer, 1 part of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.5 parts of fulvic acid;

[0071] (4) During the jointing stage, topdressing was applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 70 kg / mu.

[0072] The topdressing comprises the following components by mass: 20 parts of base fertilizer and 5 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are in a ratio of 6:3:4;

[0073] (5) During the flaring stage, topdressing was applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 70 kg / mu.

[0074] The topdressing comprises the following components by mass: 22 parts of base fertilizer and 5 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 5:2:8;

[0075] (6) During the flowering and grain stage, topdressing is applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 70 kg / mu.

[0076] The topdressing comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of base fertilizer and 5 parts of compound fertilizer; in the compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in a ratio of 9:4:20.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping corns with different plant types, comprising the following steps:

[0079] (1) Mix 60 parts of Chinese medicinal residue, 30 parts of pig manure, and 10 parts of chicken manure, adjust the moisture content to 68%, and compost for 11 days. Then add 2 parts of peanut cake powder, 2 parts of soybean cake powder, and 3 parts of composting agent, mix and ferment for 20 days, and turn the pile every 6 days to obtain base fertilizer.

[0080] The Chinese medicinal residues are astragalus root residues, scutellaria root residues, honeysuckle root residues, Poria root residues, liquorice root residues and angelica root residues of equal mass.

[0081] The composting bacterial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio is 19:17:16:14:14:7:10, and the bacterial content is 600 million / g.

[0082] (2) After land preparation, 600 kg / mu of base fertilizer was applied; then semi-compact corn and compact corn were intercropped; the intercropping ratio was 1:3, and the row spacing was 70 cm; the total planting density of semi-compact corn and compact corn was 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 The semi-compact corn variety is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

[0083] (3) Apply 60 kg / mu of water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage;

[0084] The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 30 parts of base fertilizer, 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 2.5 parts of fulvic acid;

[0085] (4) During the jointing stage, topdressing is applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 100 kg / mu.

[0086] The topdressing comprises the following components by mass: 30 parts of base fertilizer and 9 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 8:4:6;

[0087] (5) Apply top dressing fertilizer to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time during the flaring stage, with an application rate of 100 kg / mu.

[0088] The topdressing comprises the following components by mass: 26 parts of base fertilizer and 9 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 8:3:10;

[0089] (6) During the flowering and grain stage, topdressing is applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 100 kg / mu.

[0090] The topdressing comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28 parts of base fertilizer and 9 parts of compound fertilizer; in the compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in a ratio of 12:6:26.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping corns with different plant types, comprising the following steps:

[0093] (1) Mix 55 parts of Chinese medicinal residue, 25 parts of pig manure, and 8 parts of chicken manure, adjust the moisture content to 65%, and compost for 9 days. Then add 2 parts of peanut cake powder, 2 parts of soybean cake powder, and 3 parts of composting agent, mix and ferment for 18 days, and turn the pile every 5 days to obtain base fertilizer.

[0094] The Chinese medicinal residues are astragalus root residues, scutellaria root residues, honeysuckle root residues, Poria root residues, liquorice root residues and angelica root residues of equal mass.

[0095] The composting bacterial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio is 17:15:14:12:12:6:8, and the bacterial content is 500 million / g.

[0096] (2) After land preparation, 500 kg / mu of basal fertilizer was applied; then semi-compact corn and compact corn were intercropped; the intercropping ratio was 1:2, and the row spacing was 60 cm; the total planting density of semi-compact corn and compact corn was 71,000 plants / hm2. 2 The semi-compact corn variety is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

[0097] (3) Apply 50 kg / mu of water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage;

[0098] The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 25 parts of base fertilizer, 1.5 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 2 parts of fulvic acid;

[0099] (4) During the jointing stage, topdressing was applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 80 kg / mu.

[0100] The topdressing comprises the following components by weight: 25 parts of base fertilizer and 7 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 7:4:5;

[0101] (5) During the flaring stage, topdressing was applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 80 kg / mu.

[0102] The topdressing comprises the following components by mass: 25 parts of base fertilizer and 7 parts of compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer are 7:3:9;

[0103] (6) During the flowering and grain stage, topdressing is applied to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the same time, with an application rate of 80 kg / mu.

[0104] The topdressing comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of base fertilizer and 7 parts of compound fertilizer; in the compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in a ratio of 10:5:23.

[0105] Comparative Example 1

[0106] The only difference from Example 1 is that conventional monoculture corn only planted the semi-compact corn variety in Example 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 2

[0108] The only difference from Example 1 is that conventional monoculture corn is planted with only the compact corn variety in Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] The only difference from Example 1 is that the astragalus residues, scutellaria residues, honeysuckle residues, Poria residues, liquorice residues and angelica residues are replaced with an equal amount of astragalus residues.

[0111] Comparative Example 4

[0112] The only difference from Example 1 is that Paenibacillus alvei, Nocardiopsis and Enterobacter agglomerans are replaced by an equal amount of Bacillus subtilis.

[0113] Experimental Example 1

[0114] A corn planting field was selected for a planting experiment, and the planting method provided in Example 3 was used as the experimental method. The experimental results obtained for semi-compact corn were Experimental Example 1, and the experimental results obtained for compact corn were Experimental Example 2.

[0115] 1. Test methods

[0116] 1.1 Sampling: Sample the plants at the silking stage (R1) and select plants with the same growth size.

[0117] 1.2 Measurement items and indicators:

[0118] 1.2.1 Plant height and ear height

[0119] During the R1 period, the plant height and ear height of 10 corn plants with roughly the same growth were randomly measured in each plot.

[0120] 1.2.2 Gas exchange parameters

[0121] On the day after the end of R1 and R3 periods, gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured using the CIRAS-3 photosynthesis measurement system.

[0122] 1.2.3 Light energy interception rate

[0123] During the summer maize tasseling period, clear and cloudless weather was selected and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, mol m -2 s -1 ). Each plot was measured 6 times in a diagonal manner between rows and the average value was taken. The measurement was divided into 3 layers, namely the upper canopy (20 cm above the tassel), the ear layer (ear leaf), and the bottom of the canopy (20 cm from the ground). The canopy transmittance (LT, %) was calculated as follows:

[0124] LT=PAR / TPAR×100%

[0125] Where LT is the canopy transmittance, PAR is the photosynthetically active radiation measured at the ear layer or bottom layer, and TPAR is the total photosynthetically active radiation in the upper canopy.

[0126] 1.2.4 Leaf Area Index (LAI)

[0127] When measuring, select plants with consistent growth and development and no disease spots or damage on the leaves. Select plants with roughly the same growth and development, measure the length and width of the leaves from bottom to top of the plants, repeat 5 times, and measure the plants.

[0128] Calculation method: Leaf area (cm 2 ) = ∑ fully expanded leaf length (cm) × leaf width (cm) × 0.75 + ∑ incompletely expanded leaf length (cm) × leaf width (cm) × 0.5

[0129] Leaf area index = (leaf area per plant × number of plants per unit area) / land area

[0130] 1.2.5 Dry matter accumulation

[0131] Three plants were sampled from R1, R3 and R6 respectively, and the plants were divided into stems, leaves, tassels, bracts, cobs and grains, which were sterilized at 105°C for 30 min, dried at 80°C to constant weight, and weighed.

[0132] 1.2.6 Output

[0133] Harvest at maturity, test seeds and measure yield. 30 ears were collected from each plot for seed testing, mainly including ear length (cm), ear diameter (mm), bald tip length (cm), number of ear rows, number of kernels per row, 1000-kernel weight (g), etc.

[0134] Output (kg·hm -2 ) = number of ears harvested (ears·hm -2 )×number of grains per ear×1000-grain weight (g) / 1000×(1-water content%) / (1-14%)

[0135] 2. Test results

[0136] 2.1 Effects of planting methods on summer corn plant height and ear height

[0137] With the change of planting mode, the plant height of corn in the embodiment is higher than that in the control example, among which Experimental Example 1 is 1.01% higher than that in the control example 1, and Experimental Example 2 is 3.42% higher than that in the control example 2. The ear height of the embodiment is lower than that in the control example, and the change of ear height in Experimental Example 2 under the intercropping mode is more obvious, among which Experimental Example 1 is 4.17% lower than that in single cropping, and Experimental Example 2 is 12.61% lower than that in single cropping.

[0138] 2.2 Effects of planting methods on net photosynthetic rate of summer corn

[0139] Intercropping of corns of different plant types significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves at the cob position of corns of both plant types. Compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the net photosynthetic rates of experimental examples 1 and 2 increased by 38.93% and 14.14%, respectively.

[0140] Table 1 Effects of planting methods on net photosynthetic rate and yield of summer maize during silking period

[0141]

[0142] 2.3 Effect of planting methods on canopy light interception rate of summer corn

[0143] By optimizing the planting method, the light energy interception rate of the ear layer in the corn population can be significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the light transmittance of the ear canopy in Experimental Example 1 was significantly increased, and compared with Comparative Example 2, the light transmittance of the ear canopy in Experimental Example 2 was significantly reduced.

[0144] Table 2 Effects of planting methods on canopy interception rate of summer corn during silking period

[0145]

[0146] 2.4 Effect of planting methods on leaf area index of summer corn

[0147] By optimizing the planting method, the leaf area index of Example 1 and Example 2 can be significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the leaf area index of Example 1 is increased by 5.20%. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the leaf area index of Example 2 is increased by 14.75%.

[0148] 2.5 Effect of planting method on dry matter accumulation

[0149] The intercropping mode can significantly increase the biomass of plants in the milky stage. Compared with comparative example 1, the total biomass of experimental example 1 increased by 15.54%, and compared with comparative example 2, the total biomass of experimental example 2 decreased by 2.42%.

[0150] 2.6 Effect of planting methods on yield and its components

[0151] By optimizing the planting method, the thousand-grain weight, number of grains per ear and yield of Experimental Example 1 were significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the thousand-grain weight increased by 7.74%, the number of grains per ear increased by 20.26%, and the yield increased by 17.09%. The thousand-grain weight and yield of Experimental Example 2 were significantly improved, but the number of grains per ear of Experimental Example 2 was significantly reduced. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the thousand-grain weight increased by 4.05%, the yield increased by 7.67%, and the number of grains per ear decreased by 5.43%. The average yield of Experimental Examples 1 and 2 increased by 9.6% compared with the average yield of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, mainly because the average yield was increased by increasing the thousand-grain weight, and the average thousand-grain weight increased by 4.76% compared with the Comparative Example.

[0152] Experimental Example 2

[0153] The effects of the use of different Chinese medicinal residues and different strains on the yield and agronomic traits of summer corn in Comparative Example 3 (the experimental results obtained for semi-compact corn are Experimental Example 3; the experimental results obtained for compact corn are Experimental Example 4) and Comparative Example 4 (the experimental results obtained for semi-compact corn are Experimental Example 5; the experimental results obtained for compact corn are Experimental Example 6) are statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0154] Table 3 Effects of different fertilizers on yield and agronomic traits

[0155]

[0156] It can be seen that the basal fertilizer provided by the present invention has an excellent growth-promoting effect on the growth of corn. If some of its components are discarded, or if the complete strain of the present invention is not used, the fertilizer efficiency will be significantly affected.

[0157] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping corns of different plant types, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Apply basal fertilizer after land preparation, and then intercrop semi-compact corn and compact corn; The base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of Chinese medicinal residues, 20-30 parts of pig manure, 6-10 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of peanut cake powder, 1-2 parts of bean cake powder, and 2-3 parts of composting agent; The composting bacteria agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudoalteromonas, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (2) Apply water-retaining organic fertilizer to semi-compact corn at the seedling stage, and apply topdressing to both semi-compact corn and compact corn at the jointing stage, the flaring stage, and the flowering and grain stage; The water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of base fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of starch-modified potassium polyacrylate, and 1.5 to 2.5 parts of fulvic acid; The topdressing comprises the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of base fertilizer and 5-9 parts of compound fertilizer; (3) Harvest at maturity.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-compact corn variety described in step (1) is Xianyu 1466, and the compact corn variety is Denghai 605.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The row spacing in step (1) is 50 to 70 cm; the intercropping ratio of the semi-compact corn to the compact corn is 1:2 to 3.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicine residues are astragalus residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, honeysuckle residues, Poria residues, liquorice residues and angelica residues.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus alvei, Nocardia spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 15-19:13-17:12-16:10-14:10-14:5-7:6-10, and the bacterial content is 400-600 million / g.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: traditional Chinese medicine residues, pig manure and chicken manure are mixed and the water content is adjusted to 62-68%, followed by composting, and then peanut cake powder, bean cake powder and composting bacteria are added for mixed fermentation to obtain the base fertilizer.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The composting time is 7 to 11 days; the fermentation time is 15 to 20 days, and the pile is turned every 4 to 6 days.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), when the compound fertilizer is applied at the jointing stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 6-8:3-4:4-6; when the compound fertilizer is applied at the trumpet stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 5-8:2-3:8-10; when the compound fertilizer is applied at the flowering and seeding stage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 9-12:4-6:20-26.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the application amount of the base fertilizer is 400-600 kg / mu; the application amount of the water-retaining organic fertilizer is 40-60 kg / mu; and the application amount of the topdressing fertilizer is 70-100 kg / mu.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total planting density of the semi-compact corn and compact corn in step (2) is 67,500 to 75,000 plants / hm2. 2 .

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