Ultrahigh-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to ultrahigh-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic glass, the photovoltaic glass comprises a photovoltaic glass substrate, the photovoltaic glass substrate is provided with a high-transmittance reflective coating, the high-transmittance reflective coating comprises a silicon dioxide layer, a titanium dioxide layer and a nanometer material layer, and the nanometer material layer is arranged on the silicon dioxide layer. The silicon dioxide layer and the titanium dioxide layer are arranged between the photovoltaic glass substrate and the nanometer material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing raw materials; s2, preparing a coating; s3, coating process; s4, performing surface treatment on the nano structure; s5, coating curing and surface treatment; and S6, testing and evaluating the performance. According to the ultrahigh-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, the performance and durability of a photovoltaic cell can be remarkably improved, by arranging the high-transmittance anti-reflection coating, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass is improved, the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved by 5-8%, and light reflection loss is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic glass, and in particular to an ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The efficiency and stability of photovoltaic cells have become key factors in improving the utilization of solar energy. As an important component of photovoltaic modules, the light transmittance, anti-reflection performance and weather resistance of photovoltaic glass directly affect the performance and long-term stability of photovoltaic systems. Traditional photovoltaic glass usually adopts a single coating structure. Although it can improve light transmittance and reduce reflection loss to a certain extent, it is easy to degrade in harsh environments due to its poor weather resistance and limited UV resistance, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and a shortened service life.

[0003] Most existing anti-reflective coatings rely on thin-film coatings of a single material. This method improves light transmittance while often reducing durability and stability. In addition, common coating technologies such as spraying and chemical vapor deposition can optimize coating performance to a certain extent, but in actual applications, they face problems such as poor coating adhesion and poor environmental adaptability, making it difficult to meet the requirements of use under harsh conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong ultraviolet rays.

[0004] In order to solve these problems of traditional photovoltaic glass, researchers began to explore the use of multi-layer coating structure, nanostructured surface treatment and new weather-resistant materials to further improve the anti-reflection performance and light transmittance of photovoltaic glass, while enhancing its durability in complex environments. This type of technology can not only effectively improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, but also extend the service life of photovoltaic modules, reduce long-term operation and maintenance costs, and promote the popularization and application of photovoltaic technology.

[0005] Although the existing technology has made some progress, there are still obvious deficiencies in improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, weather resistance and cost control of photovoltaic glass. Therefore, an innovative solution is urgently needed to simultaneously improve the light transmittance, anti-reflection performance, weather resistance and long-term stability of photovoltaic glass, so as to promote the further development of the photovoltaic industry. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, on the one hand, the present invention provides an ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, the photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic glass substrate, and a high-transmittance reflective coating is provided on the photovoltaic glass substrate. The high-transmittance reflective coating includes a silicon dioxide layer, a titanium dioxide layer and a nanomaterial layer, and the silicon dioxide layer and the titanium dioxide layer are arranged between the photovoltaic glass substrate and the nanomaterial.

[0008] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a method for preparing ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, the method for preparing the photovoltaic glass comprising:

[0009] S1: Raw material preparation

[0010] Low refractive index material: Silicon dioxide is used as the low refractive index material, which can effectively reduce light reflection and improve transmittance;

[0011] High refractive index material: Using titanium dioxide as a high refractive index material can effectively enhance the anti-reflection effect of the coating. Titanium dioxide has excellent optical properties and weather resistance, and is suitable for anti-reflection coatings on photovoltaic glass;

[0012] Nanomaterials: Use silver nanoparticles or aluminum nanoparticles as materials to enhance the reflectivity of the coating. They have excellent surface plasmon resonance effects and can improve reflection efficiency.

[0013] S2: Coating preparation

[0014] Multilayer coating structure: The coating is prepared by using a multilayer superposition structure of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, and the thickness and material combination of each layer are optimized so that the coating can provide the best anti-reflection effect and high transmittance in the visible light band. The thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is 50 to 100 nm, and the thickness of the titanium dioxide layer is 100 to 150 nm.

[0015] Nanostructure design: Nanostructures are formed on the surface of photovoltaic glass to further reduce light reflection and improve anti-reflection performance.

[0016] S3: Coating process

[0017] Solution preparation: First, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide are dissolved in a solvent respectively, the concentration of silicon dioxide solution is about 1-2wt%, and the concentration of titanium dioxide solution is 0.5-1wt%;

[0018] Coating method: Spin coating the above solution evenly on the photovoltaic glass substrate, the spin coating speed is 1500-3000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 30-60 seconds to ensure uniform coating;

[0019] Annealing treatment: After coating, the photovoltaic glass substrate is placed in an oven for annealing treatment at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C for 20 to 30 minutes;

[0020] S4: Nanostructured surface treatment

[0021] The surface of the nanostructure is processed by nanoimprinting technology or laser etching process;

[0022] S5: Coating curing and surface treatment

[0023] Curing process: After coating and nanostructure processing, the coating of photovoltaic glass needs to be further cured at a temperature of 100°C to 150°C for 30 to 60 minutes. This process can improve the hardness and adhesion of the coating, ensuring that the coating is not easy to fall off during long-term use;

[0024] Surface treatment: To improve weather resistance and adhesion, a protective layer such as a fluoride coating can be added to the coating surface, which helps to enhance the coating's stain resistance, UV resistance, and hydrolysis resistance.

[0025] S6: Performance Testing and Evaluation

[0026] Light transmittance and anti-reflection performance test: Use a spectrophotometer to test the light transmittance and reflectivity of photovoltaic glass to ensure that the coating has good anti-reflection effect and high light transmittance;

[0027] Surface morphology and particle size analysis: Use a scanning electron microscope to observe the coating surface, analyze the morphology and uniformity of the nanostructure, and ensure the accuracy and optical performance of the nanostructure;

[0028] Weather resistance test: Weather resistance test is carried out under high temperature, high humidity and strong ultraviolet conditions. The photovoltaic glass is exposed to an environment with a temperature of 85°C and a humidity of 85% for a long-term stability test. During the test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency changes are regularly checked to ensure its stability in harsh environments.

[0029] Practical application performance evaluation: The prepared photovoltaic glass is applied to actual photovoltaic cell modules to evaluate its photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability under real environmental conditions.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S4, if a laser etching process is used, it specifically includes: using laser etching technology to process nanostructures on the surface of photovoltaic glass, the laser power is set to 50-100 mW, the spot diameter is 10-20 μm, and the scanning speed is controlled to 1-5 mm / s.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S4, if the nanostructure surface treatment uses nanoimprint technology, the line width of the nanomold used in nanoimprint is controlled to be 50-100 nm to ensure accurate replication of the structure.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass of this application can significantly improve the performance and durability of photovoltaic cells:

[0034] By setting a high-transmittance anti-reflection coating, the light transmittance of photovoltaic glass can be improved, the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased by 5-8%, and the light reflection loss can be significantly reduced;

[0035] The anti-reflection performance is further enhanced by setting a nanomaterial layer to maximize light transmittance, especially in low light conditions.

[0036] In addition, the coating of this multifunctional coating structure has good adhesion and weather resistance, and can maintain stable performance under harsh environmental conditions. The stability of the photovoltaic glass of this application in high temperature, high humidity and strong ultraviolet light environments is significantly better than that of traditional photovoltaic glass, providing a guarantee for the long-term reliable operation of the photovoltaic system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all the embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0039] In the prior art, conventional photovoltaic glass mostly adopts common anti-reflection coating technology, which usually uses a single material (such as silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide) as a coating to reduce the light reflection loss on the glass surface, thereby improving the light transmittance. However, there are still some problems and limitations in the prior art, as described below:

[0040] 1. Limitations of traditional anti-reflective coatings: Currently, most photovoltaic glass on the market uses single-layer or simple multi-layer anti-reflective coatings. Although these coatings can reduce light reflection to a certain extent, it is still difficult to achieve the best light transmittance and anti-reflection effect in the broad visible light band. In addition, these coatings have limited weather resistance and adhesion. Under the influence of long-term ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes and environmental humidity, they are prone to aging, shedding or performance degradation, resulting in the long-term performance degradation of photovoltaic glass;

[0041] 2. Deficiencies of nanostructure surface treatment technology: In order to improve the anti-reflection performance and light transmittance of photovoltaic glass, many researchers have tried to use nanostructures (such as nano-columnar, nano-conical structures, etc.) to further reduce light reflection; however, most of the nanostructure surface treatment technologies currently used in the market use traditional photolithography or chemical etching processes, which are usually costly and difficult to achieve efficient and consistent processing in large-scale production, limiting their scope of application and marketization process;

[0042] 3. Weather resistance and stability issues: Most existing photovoltaic glass is exposed to erosion by environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, humidity, heat, and oxidation during long-term use. These factors can cause the coating to lose its original optical properties and affect the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Although some anti-reflective coatings have good effects in the short term, their stability and durability in harsh environments are usually insufficient, and they cannot meet the needs of modern photovoltaic systems for long-term efficient and stable operation;

[0043] Therefore, how to design a photovoltaic glass with high light transmittance, excellent anti-reflection performance, superior weather resistance and long-term stability has become a hot topic and technical challenge in the photovoltaic industry. The present invention provides a photovoltaic glass based on ultra-high transmittance and anti-reflection multifunctional coating technology. By adopting a multi-layer superimposed structure of low-refractive index materials and high-refractive index materials, combined with nanostructured surface treatment, the overall performance of the photovoltaic glass is effectively improved, providing a new technical solution for the photovoltaic industry.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] refer to Figure 1 An ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic glass substrate 1, on which a high-transmittance reflective coating is provided. The high-transmittance reflective coating includes a silicon dioxide layer 2, a titanium dioxide layer 3 and a nanomaterial layer 4. The silicon dioxide layer 2, the titanium dioxide layer 3 and the nanomaterial are sequentially arranged on the photovoltaic glass substrate 1.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The present application relates to a method for preparing ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, which aims to improve the light transmittance, anti-reflection performance and weather resistance of photovoltaic glass, thereby improving the efficiency and service life of photovoltaic cells; the following are detailed technical implementation steps:

[0048] 1. Raw material preparation

[0049] Low refractive index material: Silicon dioxide is used as the low refractive index material. The refractive index of silicon dioxide is about 1.46. This material can effectively reduce the reflection of light and improve the transmittance;

[0050] High refractive index material: Titanium dioxide is selected as the high refractive index material. Its refractive index is 2.4, which can effectively enhance the anti-reflection effect of the coating. Titanium dioxide has excellent optical properties and weather resistance, and is suitable for anti-reflection coating of photovoltaic glass;

[0051] Nanomaterials: Use silver or aluminum nanoparticles as materials to enhance the reflectivity of the coating. Silver nanoparticles have excellent surface plasmon resonance effect, which can improve reflection efficiency.

[0052] 2. Coating Preparation

[0053] Multilayer coating structure: The coating is prepared by using a multilayer superposition structure of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, and the thickness and material combination of each layer are optimized so that the coating can provide the best anti-reflection effect and high transmittance in the visible light band. Preferably, the silicon dioxide layer 2 is usually 50-100nm thick, and the titanium dioxide layer 3 is 100-150nm thick;

[0054] Nanostructure design: Nanostructures are formed on the surface of photovoltaic glass, such as nanocones or nanocolumns. This step uses laser etching or nanoimprinting technology to create micron- to nanometer-scale structures on the glass surface to further reduce light reflection and improve anti-reflection performance.

[0055] 3. Coating process

[0056] Solution preparation: First, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide are dissolved in a solvent respectively to form a silicon dioxide solution and a titanium dioxide solution, wherein the concentration of the silicon dioxide solution is 1-2wt%, and the concentration of the titanium dioxide solution is 0.5-1wt%. Water or an organic solvent can be used as the solvent, and the organic solvent is, for example, ethanol;

[0057] Coating method: The silicon dioxide solution and titanium dioxide solution are respectively and evenly coated on the photovoltaic glass substrate 1 by spin coating, the spin coating speed is controlled to be 1500-3000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 30-60 seconds to ensure uniform coating;

[0058] Annealing treatment: After coating, the photovoltaic glass substrate 1 is placed in an oven for annealing treatment. The annealing temperature is controlled at 150° C. to 250° C. and the annealing time is 20 to 30 minutes. The annealing treatment helps to improve the uniformity, adhesion and crystal structure of the coating, and further improve the performance of the anti-reflective coating.

[0059] 4. Nanostructured surface treatment

[0060] Laser etching process: Use laser etching technology to process nanostructures on the surface of photovoltaic glass. The laser power is set to 50-100mW, the spot diameter is 10-20μm, and the scanning speed is controlled between 1-5mm / s to ensure the accuracy and stability of etching. Through the action of laser, a uniform nano-cone or nano-columnar structure is formed on the glass surface, further reducing light reflection and improving light transmittance. In addition, nanoimprinting technology can also be used to replicate high-precision nanostructures on the surface of photovoltaic glass. This technology can achieve large-scale production and is suitable for industrial manufacturing. The line width of the nano mold is controlled in the range of 50-100nm to ensure accurate replication of the structure.

[0061] Coating curing and surface treatment

[0062] Curing process: After coating and nanostructure processing, the coating of photovoltaic glass needs to be further cured at a temperature of 100°C to 150°C for 30 to 60 minutes. This process can improve the hardness and adhesion of the coating, ensuring that the coating is not easy to fall off during long-term use;

[0063] Surface treatment: To improve weather resistance and adhesion, a protective layer can be added to the coating surface, such as a fluoride coating, such as sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride. Surface treatment helps to enhance the coating's stain resistance, UV resistance, and hydrolysis resistance;

[0064] Performance testing and evaluation

[0065] Light transmittance and anti-reflection performance test: Use a spectrophotometer to test the light transmittance and reflectance of photovoltaic glass to ensure that the coating has good anti-reflection effect and high light transmittance. Generally, the light transmittance of the coating should be above 90% and the reflectance should be less than 5%;

[0066] Surface morphology and particle size analysis: Use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the coating surface and analyze the morphology and uniformity of the nanostructure to ensure the accuracy and optical performance of the nanostructure;

[0067] Weather resistance test: Weather resistance test is carried out under high temperature, high humidity and strong ultraviolet conditions. The photovoltaic glass is exposed to an environment with a temperature of 85°C and a humidity of 85% for a long-term stability test. During the test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency changes are regularly checked to ensure its stability in harsh environments.

[0068] Practical application performance evaluation: The prepared photovoltaic glass is applied to actual photovoltaic cell modules to evaluate its photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability under real environmental conditions. Test data show that this coated photovoltaic glass can significantly reduce light reflection loss in long-term use, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by 5-8%, and its stability in high temperature, high humidity, and strong ultraviolet light environments is significantly better than that of traditional photovoltaic glass;

[0069] The ultra-high transmittance anti-reflection photovoltaic glass of this application can be prepared through the above-mentioned technical steps. The ultra-high transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass proposed in this application can effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term use stability of photovoltaic cells, and meet the needs of modern photovoltaic systems for efficient and durable components.

[0070] The technical solution of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but it should be noted that the above descriptions are only for explaining the solution of the present invention and cannot be interpreted in any way as a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the explanation here, those skilled in the art can think of other specific implementation methods or equivalent replacements of the present invention without creative work, and they will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, characterized in that: The photovoltaic glass comprises a photovoltaic glass substrate, on which a high light transmittance reflective coating is provided, the high light transmittance reflective coating comprises a silicon dioxide layer, a titanium dioxide layer and a nano material layer, and the silicon dioxide layer and the titanium dioxide layer are arranged between the photovoltaic glass substrate and the nano material.

2. A method for preparing ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass, characterized in that: The method for preparing the photovoltaic glass comprises: S1: Raw material preparation Low refractive index material: Silicon dioxide is used as the low refractive index material, which can effectively reduce light reflection and improve transmittance; High refractive index material: Using titanium dioxide as a high refractive index material can effectively enhance the anti-reflection effect of the coating. Titanium dioxide has excellent optical properties and weather resistance, and is suitable for anti-reflection coatings on photovoltaic glass; Nanomaterials: Use silver nanoparticles or aluminum nanoparticles as materials to enhance the reflectivity of the coating. They have excellent surface plasmon resonance effects and can improve reflection efficiency. S2: Coating preparation Multilayer coating structure: The coating is prepared by using a multilayer superposition structure of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, and the thickness and material combination of each layer are optimized so that the coating can provide the best anti-reflection effect and high transmittance in the visible light band. The thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is 50 to 100 nm, and the thickness of the titanium dioxide layer is 100 to 150 nm. Nanostructure design: Nanostructures are formed on the surface of photovoltaic glass to further reduce light reflection and improve anti-reflection performance. S3: Coating process Solution preparation: First, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide are dissolved in a solvent respectively, the concentration of silicon dioxide solution is about 1-2wt%, and the concentration of titanium dioxide solution is 0.5-1wt%; Coating method: Spin coating the above solution evenly on the photovoltaic glass substrate, the spin coating speed is 1500-3000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 30-60 seconds to ensure uniform coating; Annealing treatment: After coating, the photovoltaic glass substrate is placed in an oven for annealing treatment at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C for 20 to 30 minutes; S4: Nanostructured surface treatment The surface of the nanostructure is processed by nanoimprinting technology or laser etching process; S5: Coating curing and surface treatment Curing process: After coating and nanostructure processing, the coating of photovoltaic glass needs to be further cured at a temperature of 100°C to 150°C for 30 to 60 minutes. This process can improve the hardness and adhesion of the coating, ensuring that the coating is not easy to fall off during long-term use; Surface treatment: To improve weather resistance and adhesion, a protective layer such as a fluoride coating can be added to the coating surface, which helps to enhance the coating's stain resistance, UV resistance, and hydrolysis resistance. S6: Performance Testing and Evaluation Light transmittance and anti-reflection performance test: Use a spectrophotometer to test the light transmittance and reflectivity of photovoltaic glass to ensure that the coating has good anti-reflection effect and high light transmittance; Surface morphology and particle size analysis: Use a scanning electron microscope to observe the coating surface, analyze the morphology and uniformity of the nanostructure, and ensure the accuracy and optical performance of the nanostructure; Weather resistance test: Weather resistance test is carried out under high temperature, high humidity and strong ultraviolet conditions. The photovoltaic glass is exposed to an environment with a temperature of 85°C and a humidity of 85% for a long-term stability test. During the test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency changes are regularly checked to ensure its stability in harsh environments. Practical application performance evaluation: The prepared photovoltaic glass is applied to actual photovoltaic cell modules to evaluate its photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability under real environmental conditions.

3. The method for preparing an ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S4, if a laser etching process is used, it specifically includes: using laser etching technology to process nanostructures on the surface of photovoltaic glass, the laser power is set to 50-100 mW, the spot diameter is 10-20 μm, and the scanning speed is controlled to 1-5 mm / s.

4. The method for preparing the ultra-high-transmittance anti-reflection multifunctional coated photovoltaic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S4, if the nanostructure surface treatment uses nanoimprint technology, the line width of the nano-mold used in the nanoimprint is controlled to be 50-100 nm to ensure accurate replication of the structure.

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