Method for 3D printing of bone trabecula oral implant

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for 3D printing of a bone trabecula oral implant. The bone trabecula oral implant comprises an implant base body and a bone trabecula porous structure which are integrally formed. The bone trabecula porous structure is positioned in the axial middle section of the implant base body; and the implant base body is provided with an external thread. The printing method comprises the following steps: obtaining an oral implant 3D model with a bone trabecula porous structure through three-dimensional design software; carrying out molding manufacturing, sand blasting and annealing treatment by utilizing an SLM technology to obtain a bone trabecula oral implant primary product; and forming a tantalum metal coating on the surface of the primary product of the bone trabecula oral implant by using a vapor deposition technology to obtain the bone trabecula oral implant with the tantalum coating. The bone trabecula oral implant obtained by the method is high in density and mechanical strength, favorable for the implant to exert a good repairing effect, and excellent in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oral implants, and in particular to a method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant. Background Art

[0002] Tantalum, as a rare transition metal, is a gray-blue, high-density and hard material with stable chemical properties. It is difficult to react with other substances in organisms, showing inertness, and is insoluble in both water and acidic environments. In addition, no chemical reaction occurs at room temperature. Metallic tantalum and its oxides, nitrides, etc. can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, increase the service life of implants in organisms, and reduce the occurrence of problems such as mechanical property mismatch at the interface between implants and organisms.

[0003] Patent Publication No. CN109261958 provides a method for preparing a medical porous material with a tantalum coating on the surface. The low-temperature diffusion sintering technology it uses requires a long-time heat treatment, and the heating temperature is higher than the phase transition point of the material, which is likely to affect the microstructure of the medical porous material and the mechanical properties of the implant. Patent Publication No. CN113289057A coats a tantalum coating on orthopedic implant materials by laser cladding. However, the tantalum coating formed by this technology has certain pores, has a low bonding strength with the substrate, and cannot form a three-dimensional through-porous structure, and cannot completely cover the entire titanium alloy substrate, and there is still a risk of ion precipitation from the substrate material.

[0004] Zimmer's trabecular oral implant uses the foaming principle to obtain a carbon skeleton trabecular structure, and then uses chemical vapor deposition technology to deposit tantalum metal on the carbon skeleton structure. The carbon skeleton is evaporated and vaporized at high temperature to obtain a tantalum metal trabecular structure. Finally, it is assembled with a titanium alloy substrate, and the tight connection between the substrate and the porous structure is realized through diffusion welding technology. During the life cycle of an oral implant, it bears the rotational force of instruments during the implantation process, the static biting force after implantation, and long-term fatigue loads. Its trabeculae are non-dense structures with weak strength, affecting long-term stability. At the same time, the bonding force of the welded structure is not as good as that of an integral type, affecting the overall performance of the implant, and its process is complex, with many processes and high costs.

[0005] Patent Publication No. CN111494035 A discloses a trabecular porous tantalum dental implant and its preparation method. This solution uses pure tantalum or tantalum alloy materials with a strength of about 300 Mpa, and the life of the implant is relatively low; the cost is relatively high. Although using titanium alloy (strength ≈ 950 Mpa) can improve the strength and reduce the cost, there are problems of human adaptability and it is difficult to achieve a tight connection with the bones at the affected area. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the combination of existing oral implants and trabecular bone, and provide a method for 3D printing trabecular oral implants. First, a titanium alloy matrix is formed by selective laser melting technology, and then a tantalum coating is deposited on the matrix by physical vapor deposition process. The titanium alloy matrix can ensure the fatigue performance of the implant, and the tantalum coating can improve the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, etc. of the implant.

[0007] In the method for 3D printing trabecular oral implants of the present invention, the construction of the oral implant in S1 and S2 includes two parts: the implant structure design and the trabecular bone structure design. The implant matrix structure design is to control the key dimensional parameters to achieve the control of the comprehensive strength of the implant and the balance of the biological-mechanical comprehensive performance; the trabecular bone structure design realizes the construction of trabecular bone structures with different porosities and pore sizes by controlling the size of the unit cell structure, the wire diameter, and the filling strategy, so as to meet the requirements of different alveolar bone qualities for different trabecular bone parameters and mechanical properties in clinical practice.

[0008] In the method for 3D printing trabecular oral implants of the present invention, in S3, 3D printing is the selective laser melting forming technology, and high-precision forming of any complex structure is achieved by controlling process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, and scanning strategy. In S4, the gas deposition technology realizes a tantalum coating with uniform density and variable thickness by controlling the coating bias voltage, vacuum plating, coating power, and coating time.

[0009] The specific scheme is as follows:

[0010] A method for 3D printing trabecular oral implants, the trabecular oral implant includes an integrally formed implant matrix and a trabecular bone porous structure; the trabecular bone porous structure is located in the middle section of the axial direction of the implant matrix; the implant matrix is provided with external threads; the method for 3D printing trabecular oral implants includes the following steps:

[0011] S1 Use finite element analysis to analyze the stress characteristics and stress distribution of the oral implant, select the structural model with stress < 485 Mpa in the middle section, and construct a 3D printed trabecular oral implant;

[0012] S2 Through three-dimensional design software, construct a trabecular bone porous structure with a porosity, pore size, and three-dimensional interconnected structure suitable for bone growth in the area of the middle section to obtain a 3D model of the oral implant with a trabecular bone porous structure;

[0013] S3 Use the SLM technology to perform forming manufacturing, sandblasting, and annealing treatments on the 3D model of the oral implant to obtain a primary product of the trabecular oral implant;

[0014] S4 uses physical vapor deposition technology to form a tantalum metal coating on the surface of the initial product of the trabecular oral implant, obtaining a trabecular oral implant with a tantalum coating.

[0015] Further, defining the axial extension direction of the trabecular oral implant as the transverse direction, the condition dimensions for selecting the middle section with a stress of 300 - 450 Mpa in S1 include: the transverse length of the implant matrix is 4 - 6 mm, the transverse length of the middle section is 2 - 11 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the external thread of the implant matrix is 2 - 600 μm; preferably, the transverse length of the implant matrix is 4 - 5 mm, the transverse length of the middle section is 4 - 8 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the external thread of the implant matrix is 200 - 550 μm.

[0016] Further, in S2, by controlling the design parameters and filling methods of the unit cell structure, a trabecular porous structure suitable for bone growth with appropriate porosity, pore size, and three-dimensional interconnected structure is constructed in the area of the middle section; preferably, by controlling the size of the unit cell structure, the size of the wire diameter, and the offset of the unit cell structure nodes, the porosity, pore size, and connectivity are regulated. The size of the unit cell structure refers to the XYZ-direction dimensions of the smallest rectangle that can enclose the unit cell, and the size of the wire diameter refers to the radial dimension of the wire diameter constituting the unit cell; the offset refers to the offset value of the unit cell structure nodes in the XYZ direction.

[0017] Further, the size of the unit cell is 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size is 0 - 0.15 mm, and the offset is 0 - 40%.

[0018] Further, when controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 0, the porosity of the obtained trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 300 - 500 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%;

[0019] Or, when controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 0, the porosity of the obtained trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 200 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%;

[0020] Or, when controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 20 - 40%. The porosity of the obtained trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 200 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%;

[0021] Alternatively, control the unit cell structure size to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 20 - 40%. Then, the porosity of the obtained trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 100 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%.

[0022] Further, the conditions of the SLM technology in S3 include: laser power 100 - 250 W, scanning speed 500 - 3000 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.01 - 0.3 mm, and the scanning strategy is patternless; the annealing process is 700 - 900 °C / 2H; the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 - 0.6 Mpa, the sandblasting time is 5 - 8 S, and the sandblasting medium is white fused alumina with 50 - 200 mesh;

[0023] Preferably, the laser power is 180 W, the scanning speed is 1000 mm / s, the scanning spacing is 0.1 mm, the scanning strategy is patternless; the annealing process is 800 °C / 2H; the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 - 0.6 Mpa, the sandblasting time is 5 - 8 S, and the sandblasting medium is white fused alumina with 100 mesh.

[0024] Further, the process parameters of the chemical vapor deposition technology in S4 include coating bias voltage 80 - 150 v, vacuum coating 0.01 - 0.1 pa, coating power 5 - 8 KW, and coating time 100 - 200 s.

[0025] Further, by controlling the process parameters of the through - hole, tantalum coating thicknesses of different thicknesses are obtained, including coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum coating 0.05 pa, coating power 5 KW, coating time 100 - 150 s, and the obtained tantalum coating thickness is 0.5 - 3 μm; or, coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum coating 0.05 pa, coating power 5 KW, coating time 150 - 200 s, and the obtained tantalum coating thickness is 3 - 8 μm; or, coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum coating 0.05 pa, coating power 8 KW, coating time 150 - 200 s, and the obtained tantalum coating thickness is 8 - 15 μm.

[0026] The present invention also protects the trabecular oral implant obtained by the method of the 3D - printed trabecular oral implant. The trabecular oral implant includes an integrally formed implant matrix and a trabecular porous structure; the trabecular porous structure is located in the middle section of the axial direction of the implant matrix; the implant matrix is provided with external threads, and the outer surface of the trabecular oral implant is wrapped with a tantalum metal coating.

[0027] The present invention also protects the application of the 3D - printed trabecular oral implant in the field of oral restoration.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] In the present invention, in the method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant, the trabecular porous structure in the middle is a three-dimensional porous structure with controllable parameters and interconnected pores, which improves the bone ingrowth efficiency and long-term stability of the oral implant.

[0030] Furthermore, in the present invention, the trabecular porous structure and the oral implant matrix are integrally formed, which improves the mechanical strength of the oral implant such as anti-rotation and fatigue resistance.

[0031] Further, the present invention uses a tantalum metal coating on the outer layer, which improves the biocompatibility of the oral implant.

[0032] Finally, in step S1 of the present invention, through the optimized structural dimensions, the biomechanically weak positions are avoided, and the mechanical strength performance of the oral implant is improved.

[0033] In summary, the method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant of the present invention improves the density and mechanical strength of the product, is beneficial for the implant to exert a good repair effect, and has excellent application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a trabecular oral implant provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic dimension diagram of a trabecular oral implant provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the trabecular oral implant along line BB in ;

[0038] Figure 4 is one of the schematic diagrams of the unit cell structure provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the unit cell structure provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the trabecular structure provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of the trabecular oral implant provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the trabecular structure provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the trabecular bone structure provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the trabecular bone structure provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The following gives the definitions of some terms used in the present invention. Other terms not mentioned have the definitions and meanings well-known in the art:

[0046] In the present invention, in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the implant, it is necessary to design an oral implant with appropriate dimensions through finite element analysis. There are three key dimensional parameters. The axial length of the front section of the implant matrix is 4 - 6 mm, the axial length of the middle section is 2 - 11 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the middle section of the implant matrix is 2 - 600 μm. With the above conditions, the implant has the advantage of high strength.

[0047] Preferably, the axial length of the front section of the implant matrix is 4 - 5 mm, the axial length of the middle section is 4 - 8 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the middle section of the implant matrix is 200 - 550 μm.

[0048] In the present invention, for the design method of the trabecular bone porous structure, the design parameters and filling methods of the unit cell structure are controlled to construct a trabecular bone porous structure with a certain porosity, pore size and connectivity; the porosity, pore size and connectivity of the porous structure are regulated by controlling the size of the unit cell structure, the size of the wire diameter, and the node offset of the unit cell structure. Specifically, the size of the unit cell is 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size is 0 - 0.15 mm, and the offset is 0 - 40%. In this way, the porosity of the trabecular bone structure in the middle section can be 60% - 80%, the pore size can be 100 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%.

[0049] In the present invention, the SLM technology is an additive manufacturing technology that can realize any complex geometric structure shape. First, the 3D model is sliced layer by layer according to a certain thickness to obtain 2D cross-sectional data, a specific forming manufacturing strategy is edited within the 2D cross-section, and then the laser beam is controlled to melt and solidify the metal powder in the powder bed according to the 2D cross-sectional information, and a manufacturing technology of layer-by-layer stacking and forming is realized. Through the SLM forming technology, a trabecular bone porous structure with precisely controllable design parameters and three-dimensional penetration can be realized, the integral forming of the porous structure and the matrix structure can be realized, and the strength performance of the oral implant is improved.

[0050] SLM is a forming technology with multi - physical - field coupling. During the imaging process, the powder material melts and solidifies instantaneously, and internal stress is likely to form inside the workpiece. The internal stress is the main cause of warping, deformation, and cracking of the workpiece. Therefore, an annealing process is required to improve the uniformity of the internal structure of the workpiece and reduce the internal stress of the workpiece. At the same time, due to the influence of laser - radiation heat, powder particles are likely to adhere to the surface of the workpiece. Through sandblasting treatment, the surface roughness of the workpiece can be effectively improved, and at the same time, it can provide better surface quality for the coating process.

[0051] In the present invention, through the technique of vapor deposition, a tantalum - metal coating with a certain uniform thickness is deposited on the surface of the implant substrate and the porous structure to reduce the precipitation of ions, improve the corrosion resistance of the product, and provide good biocompatibility.

[0052] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. For those techniques or conditions not specified in the examples, they shall be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" all refers to weight percentage.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant, comprising the following steps: S1 Using finite - element analysis to analyze the stress characteristics and stress distribution of the oral implant, select a structural model with a stress < 485 Mpa in the middle section, and construct a 3D - printed trabecular oral implant.

[0055] Among them, the trabecular oral implant includes an integrally formed implant substrate and a trabecular porous structure; the trabecular porous structure is located in the middle section of the axial direction of the implant substrate; the implant substrate is provided with external threads, as Figure 1 shown.

[0056] Specifically, the designed implant has a size 1 of 4.5 mm, a size 2 of 5 mm, and a size 3 of 400 μm, as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown.

[0057] S2 Through three - dimensional design software, construct a trabecular porous structure with a porosity, pore size, and three - dimensional interconnected structure suitable for bone growth in the area of the middle section of the substrate to obtain a 3D model of the oral implant with a trabecular porous structure.

[0058] Specifically, by controlling the design parameters of the unit cell structure and the filling method, a trabecular porous structure with a certain porosity, pore size, and connectivity is constructed; the porosity, pore size, and connectivity of the porous structure are regulated by controlling the size of the unit cell structure, the size of the wire diameter, and the offset of the unit cell structure nodes.

[0059] Among them, the size of the unit cell structure refers to the XYZ-direction dimensions of the smallest rectangle that can enclose the unit cell (such as Figure 4 ); the size of the wire diameter refers to the radial dimension of the wire diameter that constitutes the unit cell; the offset refers to the offset value of the unit cell structure nodes in the XYZ directions (such as Figure 5 ).

[0060] In this embodiment, the size of the unit cell of the porous structure constructed in the middle section is 0.6 mm, the size of the wire diameter is 0.15 mm, and the offset is 20%. The porosity of the obtained trabecular structure is 78%, and the pore diameter is 600 μm, as Figure 6 shown.

[0061] S3 Use the SLM technology to perform forming manufacturing, sandblasting, and annealing treatments on the 3D model of the oral implant to obtain a primary product of the trabecular oral implant. Improve the forming quality and reduce internal defects of the formed part by optimizing and controlling process parameters such as power parameters, scanning speed, scanning spacing, and scanning strategy, etc.; remove the powder adhered to the surface of the implant through sandblasting to improve the surface quality of the implant; eliminate the internal stress of the implant and optimize the internal structure through annealing treatment.

[0062] Among them, the SLM forming process parameters include: laser power 180 W, scanning speed 1000 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.1 mm, and the scanning strategy is non-pattern filling; the pressure used for sandblasting is 0.5 - 0.6 Mpa, the annealing temperature is 800 °C, and the holding time is 2 h.

[0063] S4 Use the chemical vapor deposition technology to form a tantalum metal coating on the surface of the primary product of the trabecular oral implant to obtain a trabecular oral implant with a tantalum coating. Improve the density and uniformity of the coating and obtain the final oral implant with a tantalum coating and a trabecular structure by optimizing and controlling process parameters such as target power, deposition time, pulse current, etc. The process parameters include: coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum plating 0.05 pa, coating power 5 KW, coating time 150 s, and the thickness of the obtained tantalum metal coating is 3 μm (such as Figure 7 ).

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S2 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, in S2, the size of the unit cell structure is controlled to be 0.6 mm, the wire diameter is 0.15 mm, and the offset is 0; the porosity of the resulting trabecular bone structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 300 - 500 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%, as Figure 8 shown.

[0066] Embodiment 3

[0067] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S2 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, in S2, the size of the unit cell structure is controlled to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter is 0.15 mm, and the offset is 0. The porosity of the resulting trabecular bone structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 200 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%, as Figure 9 shown.

[0068] Embodiment 4

[0069] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S2 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, in S2, the size of the unit cell structure is controlled to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter is 0.15 mm, and the offset is 20 - 40%. The porosity of the resulting trabecular bone structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 100 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%, as Figure 10 shown.

[0070] Embodiment 5

[0071] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S4 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, the process parameters of vapor deposition include: coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum plating 0.05 pa, coating power 5 KW, coating time 100 - 150 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 0.5 - 3 μm.

[0072] Embodiment 6

[0073] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S4 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, the process parameters of vapor deposition include: coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum plating 0.05 pa, coating power 5 KW, coating time 150 - 200 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 3 - 8 μm.

[0074] Embodiment 7

[0075] This embodiment is an improvement based on Embodiment 1. S4 is different, and the rest of the methods are the same. Among them, the process parameters of vapor deposition include: coating bias voltage 100 v, vacuum plating 0.05 pa, coating power 8 KW, coating time 150 - 200 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 8 - 15 μm.

[0076] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0077] In addition, it should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combination manners.

[0078] Furthermore, any combination can be made among various different embodiments of the present invention, as long as it does not violate the idea of the present invention, and it should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant, characterized in that: the trabecular oral implant includes an integrally formed implant matrix and a trabecular porous structure; the trabecular porous structure is located in the middle section of the axial direction of the implant matrix; the implant matrix is provided with external threads; the method for 3D printing the trabecular oral implant includes the following steps: S1 Use finite element analysis to analyze the stress characteristics and stress distribution of the oral implant, select a structural model with a stress < 485 Mpa in the middle section, and construct a 3D printed trabecular oral implant; S2 Through three-dimensional design software, control the design parameters and filling methods of the unit cell structure, control the size of the unit cell structure, the size of the wire diameter, and the offset of the unit cell structure nodes to regulate the porosity, pore size, and connectivity, and construct a trabecular porous structure with a porosity, pore size, and three-dimensional interconnected structure suitable for bone growth in the area of the middle section to obtain a 3D model of the oral implant with a trabecular porous structure; control the unit cell size to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size to be 0 - 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 0 - 40%, then the porosity of the trabecular porous structure in the middle section is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 100 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%; the unit cell structure size refers to the XYZ direction dimensions of the smallest rectangle that can enclose the unit cell, and the wire diameter size refers to the radial dimension of the wire diameter constituting the unit cell; the offset refers to the offset value of the unit cell structure nodes in the XYZ direction; S3 Use the SLM technology to perform forming manufacturing, sandblasting, and annealing treatments on the 3D model of the oral implant to obtain a preliminary product of the trabecular oral implant; S4 Use the vapor deposition technology to form a tantalum metal coating on the surface of the preliminary product of the trabecular oral implant. The process parameters of the vapor deposition technology include a coating bias voltage of 80 - 150 V, a vacuum plating of 0.01 - 0.1 Pa, a coating power of 5 - 8 Kw, and a coating time of 100 - 200 s to obtain a trabecular oral implant with a tantalum coating.

2. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, select the conditional dimensions with a stress of 300 - 450 Mpa in the middle section. The axial length of the front section of the implant matrix is 4 - 6 mm, the axial length of the middle section is 2 - 11 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the middle section of the implant matrix is 2 - 600 μm.

3. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial length of the front section of the implant matrix is 4 - 5 mm, the axial length of the middle section is 4 - 8 mm, and 1 / 2 of the difference between the major diameter and the minor diameter of the middle section of the implant matrix is 200 - 550 μm.

4. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit cell size is 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter size is 0 - 0.15 mm, and the offset is 0 - 40%.

5. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to claim 4, characterized in that: Controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.6 mm, the wire diameter to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 0, the porosity of the resulting trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 300 - 500 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%; or, controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 0, the porosity of the resulting trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 200 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%; Or, controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.6 mm, the wire diameter to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 20 - 40%. The porosity of the resulting trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 200 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%; Or, controlling the size of the unit cell structure to be 0.2 - 0.6 mm, the wire diameter to be 0.15 mm, and the offset to be 20 - 40%, the porosity of the resulting trabecular porous structure is 60% - 80%, the pore size is 100 - 800 μm, and the pore connectivity rate > 95%.

6. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to any one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that: The conditions of the SLM technology in S3 include: laser power 100 - 250 W, scanning speed 500 - 3000 mm / s, scanning spacing 0.01 - 0.3 mm, and the scanning strategy is patternless; the annealing process is 700 - 900 °C / 2 h; the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 - 0.6 Mpa, the sandblasting time is 5 - 8 s, and the sandblasting medium is white corundum with 50 - 200 mesh; Preferably, the laser power is 180 W, the scanning speed is 1000 mm / s, the scanning spacing is 0.1 mm, the scanning strategy is patternless; the annealing process is 800 °C / 2 h; the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 - 0.6 Mpa, the sandblasting time is 5 - 8 s, and the sandblasting medium is white corundum with 100 mesh.

7. The method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to claim 1, characterized in that: By controlling the process parameters, tantalum coating thicknesses of different thicknesses are obtained, including the coating bias voltage of 100 v, vacuum coating of 0.05 Pa, coating power of 5 Kw, coating time of 100 - 150 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 0.5 - 3 μm; or, the coating bias voltage of 100 V, vacuum coating of 0.05 Pa, coating power of 5 Kw, coating time of 150 - 200 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 3 - 8 μm; or, coating bias voltage of 100 V, vacuum coating of 0.05 Pa, coating power of 8 Kw, coating time of 150 - 200 s, and the resulting tantalum coating thickness is 8 - 15 μm.

8. A trabecular oral implant obtained by the method for 3D printing a trabecular oral implant according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that: The trabecular oral implant includes an integrally formed implant matrix and a trabecular porous structure; the trabecular porous structure is located in the middle section of the axial direction of the implant matrix; the implant matrix is provided with external threads, and the outer surface of the trabecular oral implant is wrapped with a tantalum metal coating.

9. Use of the 3D printed trabecular oral implant according to claim 8 in the field of oral restoration.

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