Multi-beam fusion deposition system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-beam fusion deposition system and method, in particular to a multi-beam fusion deposition system, an additive manufacturing method, a metal welding method and a metal cutting method. According to the multi-beam fusion deposition system, in the deposition machining process of additive manufacturing, metal welding, metal cutting and the like, the blue or green laser, the infrared laser and the pulse laser are matched with one another to act on the to-be-machined material in the deposition area in a synergistic mode, so that the laser absorption rate of the to-be-machined material is increased, and the deposition efficiency is improved. Energy waste in the deposition machining process is reduced, the machining efficiency is improved, the machining cost is reduced, meanwhile, the pulse laser beams can stir the preset molten pool formed in the to-be-machined material, convection is formed in the preset molten pool, energy distribution in the preset molten pool is promoted to dynamically change, components are evenly mixed, and the machining efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, bubbles can overflow from the preset molten pool, the deposition machining quality is effectively improved, and the machining defect rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly to a deposition system and method for multi-beam fusion. Background Art

[0002] In laser processing technology, different types of lasers have their own characteristics and advantages. The complexity of actual production and the diversity of processes pose challenges far beyond the capabilities of a single laser type to laser processing. The multi-laser beam consists of two laser beams, with a continuous laser beam in the inner circle and a pulsed laser beam in the outer circle. The continuous laser beam in the inner circle is used to melt the wire and the base material, and the pulsed laser beam in the outer circle is used to stir the molten pool, reduce the temperature gradient of the molten pool, increase the degree of supercooling, and increase the solidification nucleation rate. The two beams have a coaxial hollow circular or rectangular light spot.

[0003] However, continuous lasers are generally infrared lasers. Although infrared lasers can ensure high-power input, when facing metal materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys that are widely used but have poor infrared light absorption rates, they fall into the dilemma of a large amount of energy being reflected and dissipated, which is likely to cause waste of energy.

[0004] At the same time, the frequently fluctuating energy coupling efficiency during the processing process directly leads to instability of the molten pool temperature and shape, and further causes quality problems such as weld forming defects and internal stress concentration in additive manufacturing components. In severe cases, it will damage the laser. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a deposition system and method for multi-beam fusion that can improve processing accuracy and quality and reduce the processing defect rate.

[0006] A deposition system for multi-beam fusion includes a workbench, a motion unit, a deposition head, an infrared laser, a blue or green laser, a pulsed laser, and a control unit; The workbench has a deposition area; the deposition head is located above the workbench; the infrared laser includes an infrared laser generator and an infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser includes a blue or green laser generator and a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed laser includes a pulsed laser generator and a pulsed optical path adjustment component; the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed laser optical path adjustment component are all installed on the deposition head to form an array-type spatial optical path, and are configured to be able to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator into the deposition area; The control unit is respectively connected to the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator, and is configured to be able to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator respectively according to preset processing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area by using the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool by using the pulsed laser beam.

[0007] In the above multi-beam fusion deposition system, the motion unit drives the deposition head to move along the processing path in the processing process parameters, so as to cooperate with the multi-laser beam composed of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser to realize the additive manufacturing of metal material parts, the welding of metal materials, and the laser cutting of metal materials. In the deposition processes such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, the blue or green laser, infrared laser, and pulsed laser cooperate with each other to act synergistically on the material to be processed in the deposition area, so as to improve the absorption rate of the material to be processed to the laser, reduce the energy waste in the deposition process, improve the processing efficiency, and reduce the processing cost. In addition, during the deposition process, the pulsed laser beam also stirs the preset molten pool formed on the material to be processed, so as to form convection in the preset molten pool, promote the dynamic change of the energy distribution in the preset molten pool, make the components evenly mixed, avoid local component segregation, and at the same time facilitate the overflow of bubbles from the preset molten pool, effectively improving the deposition processing quality and reducing the processing defect rate. Therefore, the above multi-beam fusion deposition system adopts the way of synergistic action of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser, effectively improving the processing efficiency and processing quality of deposition processes such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, and reducing the processing cost and processing defect rate.

[0008] A multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system as described above. The multi-beam fusion deposition system further includes a feeding unit. The discharging end of the feeding unit is installed on the deposition head and is configured to be able to convey metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area. The control unit is connected to the feeding unit. The multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method includes the steps of: Establish a three-dimensional printing model of a metal material part; Perform layer slicing processing on the three-dimensional printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional contour data; Set printing process parameters according to the multi-layer cross-sectional contour data and the design requirements of the metal material part; Adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed optical path adjustment component respectively, so as to form an arrayed spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam within the deposition area; Use the control unit to control the movement unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator to run respectively according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool within the deposition area by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator. At the same time, use the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator to stir the preset molten pool, so as to obtain a precision manufacturing component made of high-reflectivity material by layer-by-layer printing.

[0009] The above multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method obtains a precision manufacturing component made of high-reflectivity material by performing the steps of establishing a three-dimensional printing model, setting printing process parameters, building an arrayed spatial optical path, and layer-by-layer printing. During the execution of the above additive manufacturing method, through the built arrayed spatial optical path, it is ensured that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam can be accurately focused within the deposition area throughout the printing process; through the mutual cooperation of the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser, they act synergistically on the material to be processed within the deposition area, so as to improve the absorption rate of the material to be processed to the laser, effectively reduce the waste of laser energy during the layer-by-layer printing process, and improve the printing efficiency of the layer-by-layer printing. Moreover, during the execution of the layer-by-layer printing step, use the pulsed laser to continuously stir the preset molten pool formed within the deposition area, promote the uniformity of the components within the preset molten pool, suppress pores, and stabilize the liquid flow, effectively improving the printing quality. Therefore, the use of the above multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method effectively improves the processing efficiency and processing quality of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing and reduces the processing cost of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing through the synergistic action of the infrared laser, the blue or green laser, and the pulsed laser.

[0010] A multi-beam fusion metal welding method is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system as described above. The light outlet of the pulsed optical path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared optical path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green optical path adjustment component; the multi-beam fusion metal welding method includes the steps: Position the metal material to be welded on the workbench, and make the welding area of the metal part to be welded located within the deposition area; Adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path that enables the pulsed laser to vertically enter the welding area, and enables the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam to enter the welding area at a preset tilt angle; Set the welding process parameters according to the shape, size, and plate thickness of the welding area; Use the control unit to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator respectively according to the welding process parameters, so as to melt the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator in the welding area to form a preset molten pool, and at the same time use the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld seam is formed in the welding area.

[0011] In the above metal welding method with multi-beam fusion, the light outlet of the pulsed optical path adjustment component is arranged between the light outlets of the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the infrared optical path adjustment component, and the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are adjusted respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to ensure that the pulsed laser beam can vertically irradiate the welding area, and ensure that the infrared laser beam and the blue or green laser beam are obliquely incident on the position irradiated by the pulsed laser in the welding area at a preset tilt angle. In this way, the control unit controls the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator according to the welding process parameters, so as to melt the material of the metal material to be welded in the welding area, thereby achieving the purpose of laser welding. During the welding process of the metal material to be welded, the laser absorption rate of the corresponding part of the metal material to be welded is increased by the blue or green laser beam, the power density of this part during the welding process is increased by the infrared laser beam, and the welding energy is accurately controlled by the pulsed laser beam. In this way, through the coordinated action of the blue or green laser generator, the infrared laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator, the welding efficiency and welding quality of the metal material are improved, energy waste is reduced, and the welding cost is lowered.

[0012] A metal cutting method using multi-beam fusion, which is applied to the deposition system using multi-beam fusion as described above. The metal cutting method using multi-beam fusion includes the steps of: Position the metal material to be cut on the workbench; Set the cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut; Adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam within the deposition area; Use the control unit to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser generator respectively according to the cutting process parameters, so as to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator.

[0013] In the above metal cutting method using multi-beam fusion, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are adjusted respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam can all be accurately focused on the metal material to be cut within the deposition area during the metal cutting process, so as to complete the laser cutting of the metal material to be cut according to the cutting requirements. During the entire laser cutting process, through the high absorption rate of the blue or green laser, the high power density of the infrared laser, and the precise energy control of the pulsed laser, the metal materials can be more effectively fused, the cutting processing time can be reduced, the cutting accuracy can be improved, and the cutting defect rate can be reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a deposition system using multi-beam fusion in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of an additive manufacturing method using multi-beam fusion in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of steps S1101 to S1103 added after step S110 in the additive manufacturing method using multi-beam fusion shown; Figure 4 It is Figure 2Flow chart of step 150 in the additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion shown; Figure 5 Flow chart of the metal welding method of multi-beam fusion in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 For Figure 5 Flow chart of step S240 in the metal welding method of multi-beam fusion shown; Figure 7 Flow chart of the metal cutting method of multi-beam fusion in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings in the specific implementation manner: 10. Deposition system of multi-beam fusion; 100. Workbench; 110. Deposition area; 200. Motion unit; 300. Deposition head; 400. Infrared laser; 410. Infrared laser generator; 500. Blue or green laser; 510. Blue or green laser generator; 600. Pulse laser; 610. Pulse laser generator; 700. Control unit; 800. Molten pool monitoring unit; 900. Feeding unit; 1000. Gas protection unit. Specific implementation manner

[0016] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0018] When describing the positional relationship, unless otherwise specified, when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. It can also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only one between the two elements or there can also be one or more intermediate elements.

[0019] In the case of using "including", "having", and "comprising" described herein, unless a clear limiting term is used, such as "only", "consisting of", etc., another component can also be added. Unless otherwise mentioned, terms in the singular form can include the plural form and should not be understood as having a quantity of one.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 Figure 1 , in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 includes a workbench 100, a motion unit 200, a deposition head 300, an infrared laser 400, a blue or green laser 500, a pulsed laser 600, and a control unit 700.

[0021] The workbench 100 has a deposition area 110. Among them, the deposition area 110 is mainly the working area for deposition processing. The deposition head 300 is located above the workbench 100. The moving end of the motion unit 200 is connected to the deposition head 300 and is used to drive the deposition head 300 to move within the deposition area 110 according to a preset processing trajectory. Among them, the motion unit 200 can be an intelligent machine such as a robot that can drive the deposition head 300 to move freely in space, or can also include power devices such as servo motors and hydraulic cylinders, and a guiding structure for guiding the deposition head 300 to lift in the vertical direction and move in the horizontal plane.

[0022] The infrared laser 400 includes an infrared laser generator 410 and an infrared optical path adjustment component (not shown in the figure), the blue or green laser 500 includes a blue or green laser generator 510 and a blue or green optical path adjustment component (not shown in the figure), and the pulsed laser 600 includes a pulsed laser generator 610 and a pulsed optical path adjustment component (not shown in the figure). The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component are all installed on the deposition head 300 to form an array-type spatial optical path, and are configured to be able to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 within the deposition area 110. Among them, the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component all include optical elements such as lenses, mirrors, light pipes, microlens homogenizers, or diffractive optical elements, etc., to collimate, focus, and homogenize the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam, so as to obtain a suitable spot shape and energy distribution. Specifically, the wavelength range of the infrared laser is 800nm to 2000nm, and the wavelength range of the blue or green laser is 400 to 600nm.

[0023] The control unit 700 is respectively connected to the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610, and is configured to be able to control the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 respectively according to preset processing technology parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area 110 by using an infrared laser beam, a blue or green laser beam, and a pulsed laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool by using the pulsed laser beam.

[0024] For the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system 10, the motion unit 200 drives the deposition head 300 to move along the processing path in the processing technology parameters, so as to cooperate with the multi-laser beam composed of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser to realize additive manufacturing of metal material parts (including common metal materials and highly reflective metal materials), laser welding of metal materials, laser cutting of metal materials and other deposition processing operations. During deposition processing operations such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, the blue or green laser, infrared laser, and pulsed laser cooperate with each other to act synergistically on the material to be processed in the deposition area 110, so as to improve the absorption rate of the material to be processed to the laser, effectively reduce the energy waste in the deposition processing process, improve the processing efficiency, and reduce the processing cost.

[0025] In addition, during the deposition processing, the pulsed laser beam will also continuously stir the preset molten pool formed in the deposition area 110 to form a convection in the preset molten pool, promote the dynamic change of the energy distribution in the preset molten pool, make the components uniformly mixed, avoid local component segregation, and at the same time facilitate the overflow of bubbles from the preset molten pool, effectively improving the deposition processing quality and reducing the processing defect rate.

[0026] Therefore, the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 adopts the way of synergistic action of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser, effectively improving the processing efficiency and processing quality of deposition processing operations such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, and reducing the processing cost and processing defect rate.

[0027] It should be noted that when the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 is applied to different manufacturing processes or processing occasions, some functional units can be adaptively added according to the needs of the processing technology. For example, during additive manufacturing, a feeding unit 900 is added to synchronously convey printing materials into the deposition area 110 during the layer-by-layer printing process.

[0028] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800. The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the deposition area 110 in real time. The molten pool characteristic parameters include the molten pool temperature and the molten pool size. Of course, for different usage scenarios, other parameters can be added to the molten pool characteristic parameters as needed. For example, in additive manufacturing, the molten pool characteristics also include the deposition layer thickness, deposition layer width, etc.; in metal welding, the molten pool characteristic parameters also include the weld width, etc.; in metal cutting, the molten pool characteristic parameters also include the thickness of the metal material to be welded, cutting quality requirements (such as cutting surface roughness, cutting surface perpendicularity, etc.).

[0029] The control unit 700 is communicatively connected to the molten pool monitoring unit 800 and is configured to, during the deposition process, adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range. Among them, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 include pulse energy, pulse width, and repetition rate.

[0030] In this way, during the deposition process, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and can accurately monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. When some parameter values within the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 accordingly, until the molten pool characteristic parameters are stabilized within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the deposition process, by real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner to maintain the stable state of the preset molten pool, avoiding problems such as overheating, overcooling, or irregular shape, improving the stability and repeatability of the deposition process, and further improving the processing quality of the deposition process.

[0031] Specifically, the control unit 700 is configured to, during the deposition process, adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation methods.

[0032] The calculation method is as follows: Calculate the laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool according to the following formula : ; where is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposition material in the preset molten pool to the laser, Αis the cross-sectional area of the preset molten pool; When multi-beam laser fusion is carried out during the deposition process, the total absorption power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula : ; where , and are the powers of the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser reaching the preset molten pool, respectively, , and are the absorption rates of the preset molten pool for the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser, respectively; During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the preset molten pool is a Gaussian-like distribution. Taking the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0, 0) to establish a coordinate system, the energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is calculated according to the following formula: ; where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; σ can be determined by experimental measurement or theoretical calculation; When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is represented by the following convection-diffusion equation: ; where is the dynamic energy density at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, , is the convection velocity at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, α is the thermal diffusion coefficient, is the instantaneous energy input by the laser; If the laser input is multi-laser input, ;

[0033] If the laser input is pulsed laser input, .

[0034] It should be noted that the Gaussian-like distribution generally refers to a probability distribution that is similar in form or characteristics to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) but has some differences. Such distributions may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell-shaped curve and symmetry, but are adjusted in terms of skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0035] From the calculation formula of the laser power , it can be seen that the absorption of laser energy by the preset molten pool is related to the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool and the intensity of the laser at the preset molten pool.

[0036] The absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser can be found through software (such as software with a refractive index and absorption rate repository, where staff can directly search for the sample name in the software to obtain the corresponding refractive index and absorption rate and directly select them), or through material manuals, books, experienced laboratories or the Internet to find the refractive index and absorption rate of the sample, or the refractive index and absorption rate of the sample can be directly measured using a laser particle size analysis system, etc. That is to say, the intensity of infrared laser, blue or green laser at the preset molten pool can be directly obtained through methods such as software search, material manual, book, experienced laboratory or Internet search, and direct measurement using a laser particle size analysis system.

[0037] The above calculation method is the regulation basis of the control unit 700 and also the basis of the regulation mechanism. The control unit 700 performs real-time conversion on each parameter value in the received molten pool characteristic parameters through the above calculation method, thereby generating regulation instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then respectively performing real-time regulation on the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the regulation instructions to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range and ensure the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool.

[0038] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000. The gas protection unit 1000 is configured to be able to transport an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110. Thus, during the deposition process of the above multi-beam fusion deposition system 10, an inert protective gas is transported into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the deposition process, so as to further improve the deposition quality.

[0039] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a feeding unit 900. The discharging end of the feeding unit 900 is installed on the deposition head 300. The feeding unit 900 is configured to be able to transport metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area 110. The control unit 700 is connected to the feeding unit 900 and is configured to be able to control the operation of the feeding unit 900 and match the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 with the moving speed of the moving unit 200 driving the deposition head 300.

[0040] In practical applications, for some deposition processes that require the delivery of materials into the deposition area 110 to be completed, such as additive manufacturing processes, the feeding unit 900 and the motion unit 200 need to be started first. Then, the control unit 700 matches the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 and the moving speed of the motion unit 200 that drives the deposition head 300 to move, so as to achieve the purpose of delivering wire materials or metal powders into the deposition head 300. After that, the control unit 700 controls the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate according to the processing parameters according to the preset requirements, and the laser can act on the wire materials or metal powders in the deposition area 110 to realize additive manufacturing processing. By accurately matching the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 and the movement of the motion unit 200 that drives the deposition head 300 to move by the control unit 700, the quality of the deposition process can be further improved.

[0041] This application also provides an additive manufacturing method with multi-beam fusion. The additive manufacturing method with multi-beam fusion is applied to the above-mentioned deposition system 10 with multi-beam fusion. The deposition system 10 with multi-beam fusion further includes a feeding unit 900. The discharging end of the feeding unit 900 is installed on the deposition head 300 and is configured to be able to deliver wire materials or metal powders into the deposition area 110. The control unit 700 is connected to the feeding unit 900.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 2 , the additive manufacturing method with multi-beam fusion includes steps S110 to S150.

[0043] Step S110, establish a three-dimensional printing model of a metal material part. Among them, the metal materials include common metal materials and high-reflectivity metal materials. High-reflectivity materials refer to materials with high reflectivity to certain specific wavelengths. For example, high-reflectivity materials such as copper alloys and aluminum alloys have a reflectivity of up to 95% to infrared lasers.

[0044] Step S120, perform layer-by-layer slicing on the three-dimensional printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional contour data.

[0045] Step S130, set the printing process parameters according to the multi-layer cross-sectional contour data and the design requirements of the metal material part. Among them, the design requirements of the metal material part refer to the structural strength, surface accuracy, etc. of the part.

[0046] Step S140: Adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam within the deposition area 110.

[0047] Among them, the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed laser path adjustment component all include optical elements, such as lenses, mirrors, light pipes, microlens homogenizers, or diffractive optical elements, etc., to collimate, focus, homogenize, etc. the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam, so as to obtain a suitable spot shape and energy distribution.

[0048] Step S150: Use the control unit 700 to control the operation of the motion unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 respectively according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool within the deposition area 110 by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610. At the same time, use the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 to stir the preset molten pool, so as to obtain a precision manufacturing component made of high-reflectivity material by layer-by-layer printing.

[0049] Specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 400 nm to 600 nm, and the working power is 1000 W; the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 800 nm to 2000 nm, and the working power is 3 kW; the maximum pulse energy of the pulsed laser generator 610 is 300 mJ, the adjustable range of the pulse width is 0.5 ms to 5 ms, and the adjustable range of the repetition rate is 100 Hz to 500 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1064 nm.

[0050] By performing the above steps S110 to S150, a precision manufacturing component made of high-reflectivity material can be obtained by additive manufacturing. By performing step S140 to construct an arrayed spatial optical path, the arrayed spatial optical path can ensure that the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam can be accurately focused within the deposition area 110 throughout the printing process, ensuring the smooth progress of the subsequent step S150. During the execution of step S150, through the mutual cooperation of the blue or green laser, infrared laser, and pulsed laser, they act synergistically on the material to be processed within the deposition area 110, so as to improve the absorption rate of the material to be processed to the laser, effectively reducing the waste of laser energy during the layer-by-layer printing process and improving the printing efficiency of the layer-by-layer printing. Moreover, during the execution of the layer-by-layer printing step, the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool formed within the deposition area 110, promoting the uniformity of the components within the preset molten pool, suppressing pores, and stabilizing the liquid flow, effectively improving the printing quality.

[0051] Therefore, the use of the above additive manufacturing method with multi-beam fusion effectively improves the processing efficiency and processing quality of additive manufacturing of high-reflectivity materials and reduces the processing cost of additive manufacturing of high-reflectivity materials through the synergistic action of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser.

[0052] In some embodiments, the deposition system 10 with multi-beam fusion further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800. The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is communicatively connected to the control unit 700.

[0053] While performing step S150, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to continuously monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset molten pool. The molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature, molten pool size, deposition layer height, and deposition layer width.

[0054] While performing step S150, it further includes the step of: during the layer-by-layer printing process, using the control unit 700 to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range. Among them, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 include pulse energy, pulse width, and repetition rate.

[0055] Thus, during the execution of step S150, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and accurately monitors in real time the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool during the movement. When certain parameter values in the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to these changed or exceeded preset range values in a targeted manner until the molten pool characteristic parameters are stabilized within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the additive manufacturing process of metal material parts, through the real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanism, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner to maintain the stable state of the preset molten pool, avoid problems such as overheating, overcooling, or irregular shape, improve the stability and repeatability of the additive manufacturing process, and further improve the processing quality of additive manufacturing.

[0056] Specifically, the step of using the control unit 700 to adjust in real time the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range is as follows: using the control unit 700 to adjust in real time the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation methods to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0057] The calculation methods include: calculating the laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool according to the following formula : ; where is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of the preset molten pool; When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, calculate the total absorption power of the preset molten pool according to the following formula : ; where , and are the powers of the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser reaching the preset molten pool respectively, , and are the absorption rates of the preset molten pool to the blue or green laser, to the infrared laser, and to the pulsed laser respectively; During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the preset molten pool is preset to be a Gaussian-like distribution. Taking the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0, 0), a coordinate system is established. The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is calculated according to the following formula: ; where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposition material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is represented by the following convection-diffusion equation: ; where is the dynamic energy density at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, α is the thermal diffusion coefficient, is the instantaneous energy input by the laser; If the laser input is multi-laser input, ; If the laser input is pulsed laser input, .

[0058] It should be noted that the Gaussian-like distribution generally refers to a probability distribution that is similar in form or characteristics to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) but has some differences. Such distributions may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell-shaped curve and symmetry, but are adjusted in terms of skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0059] The above calculation method is the basis for the regulation of the control unit 700 and also the foundation of the regulation mechanism. The control unit 700 uses the above calculation method to convert each parameter value in the received molten pool characteristic parameters in real time, thereby generating regulation instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then respectively performing real-time dynamic regulation on the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the regulation instructions, so as to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range and ensure the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 3 together. Further, in some embodiments, after step S110, steps S1101 to S1103 are further included.

[0061] Step S1101, according to whether the surface of the metal material part needs fine processing, mark the three-dimensional printing model as a fine part and a conventional part.

[0062] Step S1102: Use the control unit 700 to control the movement unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate respectively, so as to obtain the conventional parts in the metal material part according to the conventional partial layer-by-layer printing.

[0063] Step S1103: Use the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to stop feeding, and control the movement unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate respectively, so as to obtain the fine parts in the metal material part by remelting or shock strengthening according to the fine parts. Among them, the fine parts refer to the parts in the metal material part with high machining accuracy requirements and high strength requirements.

[0064] Therefore, different layer-by-layer printing processes are adopted for the conventional parts and the fine machining parts of the metal material part. Especially when processing the parts with high machining accuracy requirements and high strength requirements, the feeding unit 900 is paused, and only the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the pulsed laser generator 610 work together to perform fine remelting or shock strengthening processing on the corresponding parts, thereby improving the machining accuracy and structural strength of this part of the structure.

[0065] Specifically, step S1102 is: Use the control unit 700 to control the movement unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410 with the first power accuracy, the blue or green laser generator 510 with the second power accuracy, and the pulsed laser generator 610 with the first pulse width and the first repetition rate to operate, so as to obtain the conventional parts in the metal material part according to the conventional partial layer-by-layer printing.

[0066] Step S1103 is: Use the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to stop feeding, and control the movement unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410 with the third power accuracy, the blue or green laser generator 510 with the fourth power accuracy, and the pulsed laser generator 610 with the second pulse width and the second repetition rate to operate, so as to obtain the fine parts in the metal material part according to the fine partial layer-by-layer printing.

[0067] Among them, the first power accuracy is less than the third power accuracy, the second power accuracy is less than the fourth power accuracy, the first pulse width is greater than the second pulse width, and the first repetition rate is less than the second repetition rate. Therefore, when performing step S1103, the power accuracy of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 is improved, the pulse width of the pulsed laser generator 610 is reduced, and the repetition rate of the pulsed laser generator 610 is increased, so as to perform fine remelting processing layer by layer to obtain the fine parts in the metal material part with improved accuracy and performance compared with the conventional parts.

[0068] It should be noted that the execution order of step S1102 and step S1103 is related to the sequence of the fine parts and the conventional parts in the actual processing process. The two can be carried out simultaneously, or one can be before the other. No specific limitation is made here.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 4 , further, in some embodiments, step S150 includes steps S151 to S157.

[0070] Step S151, using the control unit 700 to control the movement unit 200 to drive the deposition head 300 to move according to the processing path in the processing process parameters.

[0071] Step S152, while executing step S151, using the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to transport metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area 110.

[0072] Step S153, while executing step S151, using the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to stop working, and respectively control the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at a first power and the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at a second power for a first preset time, so as to preheat the metal powder or metal wire in the deposition area 110.

[0073] Specifically, the first power is 5% - 10% of the total power, the second power is 10% - 15% of the total power, and the first preset time is 0.5s - 1s.

[0074] The control unit 700 can control the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 to start after the execution of step S140 is completed, or can start in advance when step S140 has not ended yet. When starting in advance, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 start in advance for the first preset time.

[0075] Step S154, while executing step S151, using the control unit 700 to control the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate at an extremely high energy pulse, an extremely narrow pulse width, and a low repetition rate for a second preset time, so as to perform micro - melting impact on the pre - heated metal powder or metal wire.

[0076] Specifically, the pulse energy of the extremely high energy pulse is 85% - 95% of the maximum pulse energy, the extremely narrow pulse width is 0.08ms - 0.15ms, the extremely low repetition rate is 8Hz - 20Hz, and the second preset time is 0.2s - 0.4s.

[0077] Step S155, while performing step S151, the control unit 700 switches the pulsed laser generator 610 to medium energy pulses, moderate pulse width, and high repetition rate and operates it within a third preset time to stir the preset molten pool.

[0078] Specifically, the third preset time is 0.1 s, the pulse energy of the medium energy pulse is 25% - 35% of the maximum pulse energy, the moderate pulse width is 1.2 ms - 2 ms, and the high repetition rate is 120 Hz - 250 Hz.

[0079] Step S156, while performing step S151 and step S155, the control unit 700 controls the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at a third power and the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at a fourth power to jointly provide energy into the preset molten pool.

[0080] Specifically, the third power is 50% - 65% of the total power, and the fourth power is 20% - 30% of the total power.

[0081] Step S157, return to execute step S152 until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by layer-by-layer printing. Thus, return and repeatedly execute steps S152 to S156 until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by layer-by-layer printing.

[0082] Thus, when performing step S150, first, by executing steps S151 to S152, wire or metal powder is conveyed into the preset area. By executing step S153, the wire or metal powder in the deposition area 110 is preheated to reduce subsequent laser energy impact, avoid cracks caused by the sudden heating of the wire or metal powder, and preliminarily soften the material for subsequent processing. By executing step S154, micro-melting impact (pulse pretreatment) is performed on the preheated wire or metal powder in the deposition area 110 to create microscopic melting pits with a depth of 0.05 mm - 0.1 mm and roughness, so as to improve the absorption rate of the subsequent blue or green laser generator 510 and infrared laser generator 410. At this time, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 maintain the preheating function of step S153. By executing steps S155 and S156, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 are used to jointly provide energy to maintain the deposition state of the preset molten pool, and the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool to promote the uniformity of the components in the preset molten pool, inhibit pores, and form a definite liquid flow. By executing step S157, the layer-by-layer printing of the entire metal material part is realized.

[0083] Specifically, during the execution of step S156, when the melt pool characteristic parameters monitored by the melt pool monitoring unit 800 indicate that 0.5 mm to 1 mm of material is deposited, the control unit 700 finely tunes the power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 by ±3%. That is to say, during the execution of step S156, for every 0.5 mm to 1 mm of material deposited in the preset melt pool, the control unit 700 finely tunes the power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 by ±3%.

[0084] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after step S157, steps S158 and S159 are further included.

[0085] Step S158, within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit 700 is used to switch the pulsed laser generator 610 to high-energy pulses, narrow pulse widths, and medium repetition rates to strengthen the microstructure at the top of the precision additive manufacturing component within the deposition area 110.

[0086] Specifically, the fourth preset time is 0.3 s to 0.6 s, the pulse energy of the high-energy pulse is 70% to 80% of the maximum pulse energy, the narrow pulse width is 0.15 ms to 0.3 ms, and the medium repetition rate is 60 Hz to 100 Hz.

[0087] Step S159, within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit 700 gradually reduces the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510, and linearly reduces the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510 to a first power and the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410 to a second power within a fifth preset time. The fifth preset time is less than the fourth preset time. Specifically, the fifth preset time is 0.2 s to 0.4 s.

[0088] In this way, by executing steps S158 and S159, the precision manufacturing component formed by layer-by-layer printing is finished and refined. By executing step S158, the microstructure at the top of the melt pool is strengthened by using pulsed lasers to improve the bonding strength of the deposited layers; by executing step S159, it is ensured that the preset melt pool solidifies smoothly and the surface of the deposited layer is flat and smooth. According to practical verification, the surface roughness of the deposited layer after being processed by step S159 can reach Ra0.8 - Ra1.6 μm.

[0089] Specifically, after the execution of step S159, the pulsed laser generator 610, the infrared laser generator 410, and the blue or green laser generator 510 are turned off with a delay of 0.1 s to 0.2 s to further ensure the smooth solidification of the melt pool and the flatness and smoothness of the deposited layer.

[0090] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000. The control unit 700 is connected to the gas protection unit 1000 and is configured to be able to transport an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0091] While performing step S150, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas protection unit 1000 to start, so as to transport an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0092] In this way, during the above additive manufacturing process, an inert protective gas is transported into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the layer-by-layer printing process, so as to further improve the processing quality of additive manufacturing.

[0093] This application also provides a multi-beam fusion metal welding method, and the multi-beam fusion metal welding method is applied to the above multi-beam fusion deposition system 10. The light outlet of the pulsed optical path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared optical path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green optical path adjustment component.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 5 together, and the multi-beam fusion metal welding method includes steps S210 to S240.

[0095] Step S210, position the technical material to be welded on the workbench 100, and make the welding area of the metal part to be welded located within the deposition area 110.

[0096] Step S220, respectively adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path that can make the pulsed laser vertically incident on the welding area, and make the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam incident on the welding area at a preset tilt angle.

[0097] Step S230, set the welding process parameters according to the shape and size of the welding area.

[0098] Step S240: The control unit 700 controls the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 respectively according to the welding process parameters, so as to use the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 to melt and form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded. At the same time, the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 is used to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld seam is formed in the area to be welded.

[0099] By performing the above steps S210 to S240, laser welding of the metal material to be welded is achieved. The light output port of the pulsed optical path adjustment component is arranged at a position between the light output ports of the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the infrared optical path adjustment component, and the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are adjusted respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to ensure that the pulsed laser beam can vertically irradiate the area to be welded, and ensure that the infrared laser beam and the blue or green laser beam are incident on the position irradiated by the pulsed laser in the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle. In this way, the control unit 700 controls the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the welding process parameters, so as to melt the material of the metal material to be welded in the area to be welded, thereby achieving the purpose of laser welding.

[0100] During the welding of the metal material to be welded, the laser absorption rate of the corresponding part of the metal material to be welded is increased by the blue or green laser beam, the power density of this part during the welding process is increased by the infrared laser beam, and the welding energy is accurately controlled by the pulsed laser beam. In this way, through the synergistic effect of the blue or green laser generator 510, the infrared laser generator 410, and the pulsed laser generator 610, the welding efficiency and welding quality of the metal material are improved, energy waste is reduced, and the welding cost is lowered.

[0101] Specifically, there are two blue or green laser generators 510, and the wavelength range of each blue or green laser generator 510 is 400 nm to 600 nm, with a working power of 300 W; there is one infrared laser generator 410, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 800 nm to 2000 nm, with a working power of 3 kW; there is one pulsed laser generator 610, and the maximum pulsed energy of the pulsed laser generator 610 is 200 mJ, the adjustable range of the pulse width is 0.5 ms to 5 ms, and the adjustable range of the repetition rate is 50 Hz to 500 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1550 nm.

[0102] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800. The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is communicatively connected to the control unit 700.

[0103] While performing step S240, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. The molten pool characteristic parameters include the molten pool temperature and the molten pool weld width.

[0104] While performing step S240, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0105] In this way, during the execution of step S240, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and in the moving process, it accurately monitors the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. When some parameter values in the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to these changed or exceeded preset range values in a targeted manner until the molten pool characteristic parameters are stabilized within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the execution of step S240, through the real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanism, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner, the stable state of the preset molten pool can be maintained, and the welding process can be ensured to proceed stably, so as to further improve the welding quality.

[0106] Specifically, the steps for using the control unit 700 to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range are as follows: Using the control unit 700 to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation methods respectively to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0107] The calculation methods include: Calculate the laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool according to the following formula : ; where is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of the preset molten pool; When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, calculate the total absorption power of the preset molten pool according to the following formula : ; where , and are the powers of the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser reaching the preset molten pool respectively, , and are the absorption rates of the preset molten pool to the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser respectively; During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the preset molten pool is a Gaussian-like distribution. Taking the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0, 0) to establish a coordinate system, the energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is calculated according to the following formula: ; where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is represented by the following convection-diffusion equation: ; where is the dynamic energy density at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, α is the thermal diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy input by the laser; When the laser input is a multi-laser input, ; When the laser input is a pulsed laser input, 。

[0108] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution generally refers to a probability distribution that is similar in form or characteristics to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) but has some differences. Such distributions may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell-shaped curve and symmetry, but are adjusted in terms of skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0109] The above calculation method is the basis for the regulation of the control unit 700 and also the foundation of the regulation mechanism. The control unit 700 uses the above calculation method to perform real-time conversion on each parameter value in the received molten pool characteristic parameters, thereby generating corresponding regulation instructions for each parameter. Then, according to the regulation instructions, the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 are dynamically regulated in real time to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range, guarantee the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool, and ensure the stable progress of the welding process.

[0110] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the steps of using the control unit 700 to regulate the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters include: When the absolute value of the molten pool temperature shown by the molten pool characteristic parameters is greater than the preset temperature deviation value, use the control unit 700 to regulate the working power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time to stabilize the molten pool temperature within the preset temperature range; When the absolute value of the weld width deviation value shown by the molten pool characteristic parameters is greater than the preset width deviation value, use the control unit 700 to regulate the power distribution ratio of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 in real time.

[0111] Specifically, the preset temperature deviation value is ±30°C, that is, when the fluctuation of the molten pool temperature exceeds ±30°C, the control unit 700 realizes real-time regulation by changing the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610 and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610.

[0112] Specifically, the preset width deviation value is ±0.5 mm, that is, when the weld width deviation shown by the molten pool characteristic parameters exceeds ±0.5 mm, the control unit 700 immediately regulates the power distribution ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510.

[0113] It should be noted that the power distribution ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510 refers to the proportion of the power of the blue or green laser generator 510 in the total power.

[0114] Therefore, during the execution of step S240, the control unit 700 can ensure the stability of the welding temperature by regulating the operating power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, and ensure the stability of the absorption rate per unit area at the weld by regulating the power valve distribution ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510, thereby ensuring the stable progress of the entire welding process.

[0115] Please refer to Figure 6 , in some embodiments, step S240 includes steps S241 to S244.

[0116] Step S241, using the control unit 700 to control the movement unit 200 to drive the deposition head 300 to move according to the processing path in the welding process parameters.

[0117] Step S242, while executing step S241, using the control unit 700 to control the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate with high energy pulses, narrow pulse widths, and low repetition rates to perform micro-melting pretreatment on the material surface of the area to be welded.

[0118] Specifically, the pulse energy of the high energy pulse is 80% of the maximum pulse energy, the narrow pulse width is 0.2 ms to 0.5 ms, and the low repetition rate is 20 Hz to 50 Hz.

[0119] Step S243, while executing step S241, using the control unit 700 to control the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at a fifth power and the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at a sixth power to jointly provide energy to the area to be welded after micro-melting pretreatment to form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded.

[0120] Specifically, the fifth power is 60% to 70% of the total power, and the sixth power is 30% to 40%.

[0121] Step S244, while executing steps S241 and S243, using the control unit 700 to control the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate with low pulse energy, moderate pulse width, and high repetition rate to stir the preset molten pool.

[0122] Specifically, the low pulse energy is 20% to 30% of the maximum pulse energy, the moderate pulse width is 1 ms to 2 ms, and the high repetition rate is 100 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0123] Thus, when performing step S240, it is necessary to first preprocess the welding area on the metal material to be welded by performing steps S210 to S220, so that the material surface of the welding area is slightly melted to form tiny melting pits and a rough surface, thereby improving the absorption rate of the material in the area to be welded for subsequent blue or green lasers and infrared lasers. By performing steps S243 and S244, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 are used to jointly provide energy to maintain the deposition state of the preset molten pool in the area to be welded, and the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool to promote the uniform mixing of elements in the preset molten pool and reduce the generation of welding defects such as pores and cracks. Therefore, by performing steps S210 to S240, the welding quality is further improved.

[0124] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000. The control unit 700 is connected to the gas protection unit 1000 and is configured to be able to transport an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0125] While performing step S240, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas protection unit 1000 to start, so as to transport an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0126] In this way, during the above additive manufacturing process, an inert protective gas is transported into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the metal welding process, thereby further improving the welding quality.

[0127] In some embodiments, the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed spatial optical path adjustment component all include a microlens homogenizer and a dynamic focusing mirror. The settings of the microlens homogenizer and the dynamic focusing mirror can ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam can be evenly distributed on the weld of the area to be welded, thereby further improving the welding quality.

[0128] The present application also provides a multi-beam fusion metal cutting method, and the multi-beam fusion metal cutting method is applied to the above multi-beam fusion deposition system 10. Please refer to Figure 7 together, and the multi-beam fusion metal cutting method includes steps S310 to S340.

[0129] Step S310, position the metal material to be cut on the workbench 100.

[0130] Among them, the metal material to be cut can be directly fixed on the workbench 100, or placed on the workbench 100, and the limiting structure on the workbench 100 is used to limit the position of the metal material to be cut on the workbench 100.

[0131] When all the areas to be cut of the metal material to be cut are located within the deposition area 110, during the entire cutting process, the metal material to be cut remains stationary on the workbench 100; when the deposition area 110 can only cover part of the areas to be cut of the metal material to be cut, after the cutting of the part of the metal material to be cut located within the deposition area 110 is completed, the uncut part of the metal material to be cut can be moved into the deposition area 110 by means of other auxiliary devices or manual pulling.

[0132] Step S320, set the cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut.

[0133] Step S330, respectively adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path that can focus the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam within the deposition area 110.

[0134] Step S340, use the control unit 700 to control the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 respectively according to the cutting process parameters, so as to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610.

[0135] By performing the above steps S310 to S340, the laser cutting work on the metal material to be cut is realized. The optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are respectively adjusted through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component, so as to ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam can all be accurately focused on the metal material to be cut within the deposition area 110 during the metal cutting process, so as to complete the laser cutting of the metal material to be cut according to the cutting requirements.

[0136] During the execution of step S340, the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam act together on the position to be cut of the metal material to be cut, so as to utilize the high absorption rate of the blue or green laser, the high power density of the infrared laser, and the precise energy control of the pulsed laser, which can more effectively melt the metal material, reduce the cutting processing time, improve the cutting accuracy, and reduce the cutting defect rate.

[0137] Specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator 510 is 400 nm to 600 nm, and the working power is 400 W; the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 800 nm to 2000 nm, and the working power is 1.5 kW; the maximum pulse energy of the pulsed laser generator 610 is 150 mJ, the adjustable range of the pulse width is 0.2 ms to 2 ms, and the adjustable range of the repetition rate is 200 Hz to 1000 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1064 nm.

[0138] Further, in some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800. The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is communicatively connected to the control unit 700.

[0139] While performing step S340, the cutting characteristic parameters of the cutting position on the metal material to be cut are monitored in real time by using the molten pool monitoring unit 800.

[0140] While performing step S340, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the moving speed of the operation unit driving the deposition head 300 to move are adjusted in real time by using the control unit 700 according to the cutting characteristic parameters.

[0141] In this way, during the execution of step S340, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and the cutting characteristic parameters of the cutting position are accurately monitored in real time during the movement. When some parameter values within the cutting characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the moving speed (i.e., the cutting speed) of the motion unit 200 driving the deposition head 300 to move in a targeted manner until the cutting characteristic parameters are stabilized within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the execution of step S340, the laser energy input and the cutting speed can be adjusted in a timely manner through the real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanism, maintaining the stable state of the molten pool at the cutting part, ensuring the stable progress of the cutting process, and further improving the cutting quality.

[0142] Specifically, the steps of using the control unit 700 to adjust in real time the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the moving speed of the operating unit driving the deposition head 300 are as follows: Using the control unit 700 to adjust in real time the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the moving speed of the motion unit 200 driving the deposition head 300 respectively according to the cutting characteristic parameters and the following calculation methods, so as to stabilize the cutting characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0143] The calculation methods include: Calculate the laser power at the position to be cut according to the following formula : ; where is the intensity of the laser beam at the position to be cut, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material at the position to be cut to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of the preset molten pool; When multi-light fusion occurs in the laser metal cutting process, calculate the total absorption power at the position to be cut according to the following formula : ; where , and are the powers of the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser reaching the preset molten pool respectively, , and are the absorption rates of the preset molten pool to the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser respectively; During the laser metal cutting process, the energy distribution at the position to be cut is a Gaussian-like distribution. Taking the center position of the position to be cut as the coordinate origin (0, 0) to establish a coordinate system, the energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is calculated according to the following formula: ; where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; When the pulsed laser beam acts on the deposited material at the position to be cut, at time t, the energy transfer of the molten pool at the position to be cut is represented by the following convection-diffusion equation: ; where is the dynamic energy density at the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the point (x, y) inside the preset molten pool at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy input by the laser; When the laser input is a multi-laser input, ; When the laser input is a pulsed laser input, 。

[0144] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution generally refers to a probability distribution that is similar in shape or characteristics to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) but has some differences. Such distributions may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell-shaped curve and symmetry, but are adjusted in terms of skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0145] It should be noted that the central position of the position to be cut refers to the central position of the cutting line.

[0146] The above calculation method is the basis for the regulation of the control unit 700 and also the foundation of the regulation mechanism. The control unit 700 uses the above calculation method to convert each parameter value in the received cutting characteristic parameters in real time, thereby generating corresponding regulation instructions for each parameter. Then, according to the regulation instructions, the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the moving speed of the motion unit 200 driving the deposition head 300 to move are dynamically regulated in real time to ensure that the cutting characteristic parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range, maintain the stable state of the molten pool at the cutting part, ensure the stable progress of the cutting process, and further improve the cutting quality.

[0147] In some embodiments, the pulsed optical path adjustment component includes a focusing lens group. The focusing lens group is used to focus the pulsed laser beam into a small spot. Specifically, the spot diameter is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0148] In this way, the setting of the focusing lens group can focus the pulsed laser beam into a small spot to increase the cutting energy density, which is beneficial to further improving the cutting efficiency.

[0149] In some embodiments, the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser adjustment component, and the pulsed optical path adjustment component respectively include an infrared spatial light modulator, a blue or green spatial light modulator, and a pulsed light modulator.

[0150] Before step S340, there is also a step of using the control unit 700 to control the infrared spatial light modulator, the blue or green spatial light modulator, and the pulsed light modulator to modulate the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam into a preset pattern respectively, and focusing the laser energy on the cutting front area within the deposition area 110. The preset pattern can be a circular, square, linear, or other pattern.

[0151] Therefore, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are modulated into preset patterns by the infrared spatial light modulator, the blue or green spatial light modulator, and the pulsed light modulator respectively, and the laser energy is focused on the cutting front area of the metal material to be cut, reducing the heat affected zone.

[0152] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000. The control unit 700 is connected to the gas protection unit 1000 and is configured to be able to deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0153] While performing step S340, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas protection unit 1000 to start, so as to deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110.

[0154] In this way, during the above additive manufacturing process, an inert protective gas is delivered into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the laser cutting process, thereby further improving the cutting quality of the metal cutting.

[0155] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above multi-beam fusion deposition system, multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, multi-beam fusion metal welding method, and multi-beam fusion metal cutting method can be applied to additive manufacturing, laser welding, and laser cutting and other deposition processes of ordinary metal materials, and can also be applied to additive manufacturing, laser welding, and laser cutting and other deposition processes of high-reflectivity materials. Of course, compared with the traditional high-reflectivity material deposition process, the above multi-beam fusion deposition system, multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, multi-beam fusion metal welding method, and multi-beam fusion metal cutting method have more prominent advantages when applied to high-reflectivity materials.

[0156] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0157] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-beam fusion deposition system, characterized in that: It includes a workbench, a motion unit, a deposition head, an infrared laser, a blue or green laser, a pulsed laser and a control unit; The workbench has a deposition area; the deposition head is located above the workbench; the infrared laser includes an infrared laser generator and an infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser includes a blue or green laser generator and a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse laser includes a pulse laser generator and a pulse optical path adjustment component; the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse laser path adjustment component are all installed on the deposition head to form an array-type spatial optical path, and are configured to be able to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator in the deposition area; The control unit is connected to the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator, respectively, and is configured to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator, respectively, according to preset processing parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area by using the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool by using the pulse laser beam.

2. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a molten pool monitoring unit; the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the deposition area in real time; the molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature and molten pool size; The control unit is communicatively connected to the molten pool monitoring unit, and is used to adjust the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, and the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters during the deposition process, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

3. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit is configured to respectively adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator, the working power of the blue or green laser generator, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation method during the deposition process; The calculation method is: The laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: : ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool; When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, the total absorbed power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: : ;in, , and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool. , and They are the absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively; During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the molten pool is preset as a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula: ; Where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation: ;in, is the dynamic energy density of the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, the convection velocity at time α, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input; If the laser input is multi-laser input, ; If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

4. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas protection unit is also included; the gas protection unit is configured to continuously deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area.

5. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a feeding unit; the discharge end of the feeding unit is installed on the deposition head; the feeding unit is constructed to be able to convey metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area; the control unit is connected to the feeding unit and is configured to be able to control the operation of the feeding unit and match the feeding speed of the feeding unit and the moving speed of the deposition head driven by the motion unit.

6. A multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system applied to any one of claims 1 to 5, the multi-beam fusion deposition system further comprising a feeding unit, the discharge end of the feeding unit being mounted on the deposition head and being configured to be able to convey metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area, the control unit being connected to the feeding unit; the multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of: Establish 3D printing models of metal parts; Performing layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional profile data; Setting printing process parameters according to the multi-layer cross-sectional profile data and the design requirements of the metal material part; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam and the pulse laser beam in the deposition area; The control unit is used to control the operation of the motion unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator respectively according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, and at the same time, the preset molten pool is stirred using the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, so as to obtain a precision manufactured component made of high-reflective material by layered printing.

7. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system further includes a molten pool monitoring unit; the molten pool monitoring unit is communicatively connected with the control unit; While executing the layer-by-layer printing step, the step further includes: using the melt pool monitoring unit to monitor the melt pool characteristic parameters in the preset melt pool in real time; the melt pool characteristic parameters include melt pool temperature, melt pool size, deposition layer height, and deposition layer width; While executing the layered printing step, it also includes the step of using the control unit to real-time adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator, the working power of the blue or green laser generator, the working power of the pulse laser generator and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

8. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps of establishing a 3D printing model of a metal material part also include: Marking the three-dimensional printing model into a fine part and a regular part according to whether the surface of the metal material part needs fine processing; The control unit is used to control the movement unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate respectively, so as to obtain the conventional parts of the metal material parts by stacking printing according to the conventional parts; The control unit is used to control the feeding unit to stop feeding, and respectively control the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate, so as to remelt or impact strengthen the fine parts according to the fine parts to obtain the fine parts in the metal material parts.

9. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps of stacking printing include: Using the control unit to control the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move according to the processing path in the printing process parameters; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the feeding unit to deliver metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the feeding unit to stop working, and the blue or green laser generator is controlled to operate at a first power and the infrared laser generator is controlled to operate at a second power for a first preset time, so as to preheat the metal powder or metal wire in the deposition area; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate for a second preset time with high energy pulses, extremely narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro melting impact on the preheated metal powder or metal wire; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to switch the pulse laser generator to medium energy pulses, moderate pulse width and high repetition rate and operate the pulse laser generator within a third preset time to stir the preset molten pool; While the deposition head moves and stirs the preset molten pool, the control unit is used to control the infrared laser generator to operate at a third power and the blue or green laser generator to operate at a fourth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the preset molten pool; The step of conveying metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area is returned to be executed until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by printing layer by layer.

10. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 9, characterized in that: After returning to the step of executing the control unit controlling the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move until the precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by layer-by-layer printing, the method further includes: In a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit is used to switch the pulse laser generator to high energy pulses, narrow pulse width and medium repetition rate to strengthen the microstructure of the top of the precision additive manufacturing part in the deposition area; Within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit is used to gradually reduce the operating powers of the infrared laser generator and the blue or green laser generator, and within a fifth preset time, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator is linearly reduced to the first power, and the operating power of the infrared laser generator is linearly reduced to the second power; the fifth preset time is less than the fourth preset time.

11. A multi-beam fusion metal welding method, characterized in that: Applicable to the multi-beam fusion deposition system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the light outlet of the pulse light path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared light path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green light path adjustment component; the multi-beam fusion metal welding method comprises the steps of: Positioning the metal material to be welded on the workbench, and making the welding area of ​​the metal parts to be welded located in the deposition area; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path that enables the pulse laser to be incident vertically on the area to be welded and enables the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam to be incident on the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle; Setting welding process parameters according to the shape, size and plate thickness of the area to be welded; The control unit is used to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator respectively according to the welding process parameters, so that the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator are melted in the area to be welded to form a preset molten pool, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator is used to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld is formed in the area to be welded.

12. The multi-beam fusion metal welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system further includes a molten pool monitoring unit; the molten pool monitoring unit is communicatively connected with the control unit; In the process of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time; the molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature and molten pool weld width; During the process of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded, the control unit is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator, the working power of the blue or green laser generator, the working power of the pulse laser generator and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

13. The multi-beam fusion metal welding method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The steps of using the control unit to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator, the working power of the blue or green laser generator, the working power of the pulse laser generator and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters include: If the molten pool characteristic parameter shows that the absolute value of the molten pool temperature is greater than the preset temperature deviation value, the control unit is used to adjust the working power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time to stabilize the molten pool temperature within the preset temperature range; If the molten pool characteristic parameter shows that the absolute value of the weld width deviation is greater than the preset width deviation, the control unit is used to adjust the power distribution ratio of the infrared laser generator and the blue or green laser generator in real time.

14. The multi-beam fusion metal welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The step of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded comprises: Using the control unit to control the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move according to the processing path in the welding process parameters; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate with high energy pulses, narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro-melting pretreatment on the material surface of the area to be welded; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the infrared laser generator to operate at a fifth power and the blue or green laser generator to operate at a sixth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the area to be welded after micro-melting pretreatment, so as to form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded; While the deposition head moves and forms the preset molten pool, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate at low pulse energy, pulse width and high repetition rate to stir the preset molten pool.

15. The metal welding method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 11, characterized in that: The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse space optical path adjustment component all include a microlens homogenizer and a dynamic focusing mirror.

16. A metal cutting method with multi-beam fusion, characterized in that: Applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the multi-beam fusion metal cutting method comprises the steps of: Positioning the metal material to be cut on the workbench; Set cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam and the pulse laser beam in the deposition area; The control unit is used to control the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate respectively according to the cutting process parameters, so as to utilize the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut.

17. The metal cutting method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 16, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system further includes a molten pool monitoring unit; the molten pool monitoring unit is communicatively connected with the control unit; While executing the laser cutting step, using the molten pool monitoring unit to monitor the cutting characteristic parameters of the cutting position on the metal material to be cut in real time; While executing the laser cutting step, the control unit is used to adjust in real time according to the cutting characteristic parameters the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator, the working power of the infrared laser generator, the working power of the blue or green laser generator, and the moving speed of the deposition head driven by the operating unit.

18. The metal cutting method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 16, characterized in that: The pulse optical path adjustment component comprises a focusing lens group; the focusing lens group is used to focus the pulse laser beam into a fine light spot.

19. The metal cutting method with multi-beam fusion according to claim 16, characterized in that: The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component respectively include an infrared spatial light modulator, a blue or green spatial light modulator, and a pulse light modulator; Before the laser cutting step, the method also includes the following steps: using the infrared spatial light modulator, the blue or green spatial light modulator, and the pulse light modulator to modulate the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam into preset patterns respectively, and focusing the laser energy on a local position within the deposition area.

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