Horse feed rich in probiotics and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of horse feed, and relates to horse feed rich in probiotics and a preparation method of the horse feed. The horse feed rich in probiotics is prepared from corn stalks, capsella bursa-pastoris, soybean meal, bone meal, rhizoma zingiberis, probiotic strains and salt. The probiotic strain is composed of clostridium butyricum, streptococcus thermophilus and ruminococcus albus. The feed is prepared by cutting the corn stalks and the capsella bursa-pastoris into small particles, grinding the soybean meal, the bone meal and the dried ginger into powder and frying the powder to be fragrant, making the probiotics into capsules and then mixing the materials. The horse feed disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the feed not only retains the nutrition of forage grass, but also protects spleen and stomach of horses by adding shepherd's purse, and probiotics are added to directly act on colon parts of the horses, so that the horse feed not only has the effects of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and repairing colonic mucosa, but also has the effect of degrading cellulose.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of horse feed, and relates to a horse feed rich in probiotics and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Since ancient times, horse racing has been a form of entertainment for nobles. The performance in horse racing depends not only on the speed, endurance, foot strength, breed and bloodline of the horse's parents, but also on the health of the horse's spleen and stomach. The health of the horse's spleen and stomach depends on the horse feed. With the development of mechanization, farmers' demand for raising horses has decreased, the number of horses has decreased significantly, and horses have become more precious. The feeding of horses is particularly important. The existing feed raw materials cannot meet the high-intensity training needs of racehorses. High-intensity training is likely to lead to stress reactions, causing horse colon, resulting in disorder of gastric acid secretion. Long-term colon is likely to induce gastric ulcer cecal acidosis and affect the health of horses. However, there is very little research on horse feed, especially racehorse feed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the difficulties and defects of the existing feed, the present invention provides a horse feed rich in probiotics with a simple formula and low cost and a preparation method thereof.

[0004] A horse feed rich in probiotics of the present invention comprises the following components by weight: 25-50 parts of corn straw, 5-10 parts of shepherd's purse, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of dried ginger, 1-4 parts of probiotic strains, and 0.1-0.5 part of salt.

[0005] Further preferably, the probiotic strains are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Ruminococcus albus, and the viable bacteria ratio of the three bacteria is (1-3):(2-4):(0.5-1); the bacterial agent is made into a probiotic capsule with a pH-sensitive coating material, and the coating thickness is 10-50 μm to ensure release in an environment where the colon pH≥7.0.

[0006] A preparation method of a horse feed rich in probiotics is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Cutting the corn straw and shepherd's purse into particles with a size of 1-2 cm;

[0008] (2) Grinding the soybean meal and dried ginger into powder, stir-frying until fragrant; and cooling to room temperature;

[0009] (3) Mixing the corn straw particles, shepherd's purse particles, probiotic capsules, bone meal, stir-fried soybean meal and dried ginger powder evenly to obtain the feed.

[0010] Further preferably, the stir-frying time in step (2) is 8 minutes.

[0011] Further preferably, the room temperature in step (2) is 20 ± 10 °C.

[0012] Further preferably, 50 parts of fresh corn straw are used.

[0013] Further preferably, 10 parts of fresh shepherd's purse are used.

[0014] The present invention uses fresh corn straw and shepherd's purse. The total energy of fresh corn straw is equivalent to that of forage grass. It is not only rich in nutrition, but also rich in fiber, which is beneficial to intestinal absorption.

[0015] Per 100 grams of fresh shepherd's purse contains 85.1 grams of water, 5.3 grams of protein, 0.4 grams of fat, 6 grams of carbohydrates, 420 milligrams of calcium, 73 milligrams of phosphorus, 6.3 milligrams of iron, 3.2 milligrams of carotene, 0.14 milligrams of vitamin B1, 0.19 milligrams of vitamin B2, 0.7 milligrams of niacin, 55 milligrams of vitamin C, and also contains flavonoid glycosides, choline, acetylcholine, etc. Shepherd's purse is rich in vitamin C and carotene, which helps to enhance the body's immune function, can also reduce blood pressure, strengthen the stomach and promote digestion, and treat diseases such as gastric spasm, gastric ulcer, dysentery, and enteritis.

[0016] Soybean meal mainly contains protein, carbohydrates, lysine, tryptophan, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. Bone meal provides calcium, phosphorus and vitamins for it. Dry ginger has the effects of warming the middle-jiao to dispel cold, restoring yang and promoting blood circulation, warming the lungs to resolve fluid retention, etc.; grinding soybean meal and dry ginger into powder and frying until fragrant is to increase the taste of the feed.

[0017] The probiotic Clostridium butyricum has the effect of repairing the colon mucosa. Streptococcus thermophilus has the function of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Ruminococcus albus has the effect of degrading cellulose, and the probiotics act directly on the colon through coating.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The feed of the present invention not only retains the nutrition of forage grass, but also protects the spleen and stomach of horses by adding shepherd's purse. It also adds probiotics that act directly on the colon part of horses, which not only inhibits pathogenic bacteria and has the effect of repairing the colon mucosa, but also has the effect of degrading cellulose. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] In order to better understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, etc., the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with specific embodiments, but not limited thereto.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] Preparation of probiotic-rich horse feed: First, cut 100 kg of fresh corn straw and 20 kg of fresh shepherd's purse into granules with a size of 1 - 2 cm. Second, grind 50 kg of soybean meal, 30 kg of bone meal, and 10 kg of dried ginger into powder, stir-fry until fragrant for 8 minutes, and then cool to room temperature of 10°C. Third, mix 3 kg of Clostridium butyricum, 4 kg of Streptococcus thermophilus, and 1 kg of Ruminococcus albus, and encapsulate them with a pH-sensitive coating material with a coating thickness of 10 - 50 μm to make probiotic capsules. Put the corn straw granules, shepherd's purse granules, stir-fried soybean meal powder, dried ginger powder, bone meal, probiotic capsules, and 1 kg of salt prepared in the above steps together and stir evenly to obtain the feed. Feed the horses with the feed prepared according to the above formula for three months. The diarrhea incidence rate, colon inflammation score, fecal butyric acid concentration, mucosal villus height and other indicators are shown in the following data comparison table 1.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] Preparation of probiotic-rich horse feed: First, cut 100 kg of fresh corn straw and 20 kg of fresh shepherd's purse into granules with a size of 1 - 2 cm. Second, grind 30 kg of soybean meal, 10 kg of bone meal, and 10 kg of dried ginger into powder, stir-fry until fragrant for 8 minutes, and then cool to room temperature of 20°C. Third, mix 0.6 kg of Clostridium butyricum, 1.2 kg of Streptococcus thermophilus, and 0.3 kg of Ruminococcus albus, and encapsulate them with a pH-sensitive coating material with a coating thickness of 10 - 50 μm to make probiotic capsules. Put the corn straw granules, shepherd's purse granules, stir-fried soybean meal powder, dried ginger powder, bone meal, probiotic capsules, and 0.2 kg of salt prepared in the above steps together and stir evenly to obtain the feed. Feed the horses with the feed prepared according to the above formula for three months, and then observe the differences between the horses fed with the above horse feed and those fed with conventional feed. The diarrhea incidence rate, colon inflammation score, fecal butyric acid concentration, mucosal villus height and other indicators are shown in the following data comparison table 1.

[0024] Example 3

[0025] Prepare probiotic-rich horse feed. First, cut 50 kg of dry corn straw and 10 kg of dry shepherd's purse into particles 1-2 cm in size. Second, grind 25 kg of soybean meal, 15 kg of bone meal, and 10 kg of dried ginger into powder, stir-fry until fragrant for 8 minutes, and then cool to room temperature of 30°C. Third, mix 1 kg of Clostridium butyricum, 1.5 kg of Streptococcus thermophilus, and 0.75 kg of Ruminococcus albus, and encapsulate them with a pH-sensitive coating material with a coating thickness of 10-50 μm to make probiotic capsules. Put the corn straw particles, shepherd's purse particles, stir-fried soybean meal powder, dried ginger powder, bone meal, probiotic capsules, and 0.2 kg of salt prepared in the above steps together and stir evenly to obtain the feed. Feed the horses with the feed prepared according to the above formula for three months, and then observe the differences between the horses fed with the said horse feed and those fed with conventional feed. The incidence of diarrhea, colon inflammation score, fecal butyric acid concentration, mucosal villus height and other indicators are shown in the following data comparison table.

[0026] I. Clinical Scoring Indicators

[0027] 1. Fecal Character Score

[0028] - Fecal Score (Modified):

[0029] - 1 point: Hard lumps (constipation)

[0030] - 2-3 points: Normal formation

[0031] - 4-5 points: Soft stools or diarrhea

[0032] - 6-7 points: Watery stools (severe diarrhea)

[0033] - Incidence of diarrhea: Record the proportion and duration of horses with diarrhea.

[0034] 2. Abdominal Pain Symptom Score

[0035] - Classify according to horse behavior (such as kicking the abdomen, rolling, loss of appetite):

[0036] - Grade 0: No abdominal pain

[0037] - Grades 1-3: Mild to moderate abdominal pain

[0038] - Grades 4-5: Severe abdominal pain (requiring medical intervention)

[0039] II. Laboratory Test Indicators (Laboratory Tests)

[0040] 1. Fecal Test

[0041] - Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

[0042] - Pathogenic microorganism detection:

[0043] - PCR or culture results of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Clostridium difficile.

[0044] - Intestinal barrier function indicators:

[0045] - Calprotectin (an inflammatory marker)

[0046] - Zonulin (a marker of intestinal mucosal permeability)

[0047] 2. Fecal butyric acid concentration

[0048] - Fecal butyric acid concentration reflects the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in colonic contents (reflecting fiber fermentation efficiency and the health of the microbiota).

[0049] III. Histopathological Scoring

[0050] (Evaluated through colon mucosal biopsy or autopsy samples)

[0051] 1. Degree of inflammatory cell infiltration

[0052] - Grade 0: No infiltration

[0053] - Grade 1: Mild (a small amount of lymphocytes in the mucosal layer)

[0054] - Grade 2: Moderate (neutrophil infiltration in the submucosa)

[0055] - Grade 3: Severe (full-layer inflammation with ulcers)

[0056] 2. Mucosal damage score

[0057] - Villus height / crypt depth ratio (VH / CD)

[0058] - Epithelial integrity (proportion of erosive and ulcerated areas).

[0059] In Table 1 below, in Experimental Group 1, the experimental animals were fed the feed prepared according to Example 1, in Experimental Group 2, they were fed the feed prepared according to Example 2, in Experimental Group 3, they were fed the feed prepared according to Example 3, and in the control group, they were fed the ordinary feed.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] After three months of feeding and comparing the data of the feed of the present invention, it is not difficult to find that the feed of the present invention not only retains the nutrition of forage, but also appetizes the horse feed by adding shepherd's purse. Each time, the feed can be eaten up completely. In addition, the incidence of diarrhea has been greatly reduced to 1 / 3 of the original level. After blood tests, there are a small number of lymphocytes in the mucosal layer and very few neutrophils in the submucosa in the blood, and the gastric ulcer has completely disappeared. By detecting, the average height of the colonic mucosal villi of the screened horses after 3 months of feeding has increased by more than one time, effectively repairing the colonic mucosa, and the butyric acid concentration in the feces has increased by more than one time. Butyric acid has the function of degrading cellulose, promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Therefore, the feed of the present invention not only appetizes, but also protects the spleen and stomach of horses. By adding probiotics, the probiotics are made into capsules, which directly act on the colonic part of the horses, not only inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, but also repairing the colonic mucosa.

[0064] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only for clearly illustrating the present disclosure, rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above disclosure, and these changes or modifications are still within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A probiotic-rich horse feed comprising the following components by weight: 25-50 parts of corn stalks, 5-10 parts of shepherd's purse, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of dried ginger, 1-4 parts of probiotic strains, and 0.1-0.5 parts of salt.

2. The probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The probiotic strains are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Ruminococcus albus, and the ratio of the number of live bacteria of the three bacteria is (1-3): (2-4): (0.5-1).

3. The probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The bacterial agent is made into a probiotic capsule using a pH-sensitive coating material with a coating thickness of 10-50 μm to ensure release in an environment with a colon pH ≥ 7.

0.

4. A method for preparing horse feed rich in probiotics, characterized in that , including the following steps: (1) Cut corn stalks and shepherd's purse into 1-2 cm particles; (2) Grind soybean meal and dried ginger into powder, fry until fragrant, and cool to room temperature; (3) The corn straw pellets, shepherd's purse pellets, probiotic capsules, bone meal, roasted soybean meal and dried ginger powder are mixed evenly to obtain feed.

5. The method for preparing a probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 4, characterized in that , step (2) frying time is 8 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 4, characterized in that , the room temperature of step (2) is 20±10 degrees Celsius.

7. The method for preparing a probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 4, wherein the corn stalks are 50 portions of fresh corn stalks.

8. The method for preparing a probiotic-rich horse feed according to claim 4, wherein 10 portions of fresh shepherd's purse are used.

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