Crushed thick and large ore body combined mining method based on medium-length hole blasting and drift type cooperation

Abstract

The invention provides a broken thick and large ore body combined mining method based on medium-length hole blasting and drift type cooperation, and belongs to the field of ore body mining. Firstly, an ore body is segmented and partitioned, blocks are formed in a three-dimensional space, then the blocks are alternately operated through sequential control, meanwhile, the positions of a pre-splitting area and a recovery area are limited in the space, and the positions of the pre-splitting area and the recovery area are determined; and safe and efficient mining of the broken thick and large ore body is realized in cooperation with a medium-length hole subsection presplitting blasting and drift stoping process. According to the method, on the basis that the broken thick and large ore body is segmented and partitioned, and time sequence and space regulation and control are conducted on operation of the blocks, medium-length hole blasting is used for presplitting the ore body, controllable caving lumpiness is formed, direct disturbance to a recovery area is reduced, caved ore is efficiently recovered by adopting access road type mechanical equipment, and the recovery efficiency is improved. The large-scale caving advantage of the medium-length hole sublevel mining method is exerted, safe and efficient recovery of the broken ore body is guaranteed through drift type mining, and remarkable technical breakthrough is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ore body mining, and particularly relates to a combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift type collaboration. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mine mining, the traditional medium-deep hole sectional mining method is applicable to thick ore bodies with good ore body stability. However, the following problems still exist in the actual application of this mining method: (1) Poor adaptability to broken ore bodies. When medium-deep hole blasting is used, it is easy to cause surrounding rock instability, resulting in problems such as roof fall or rib spalling; (2) High ore loss rate. The size of the caved ore is uncontrollable and difficult to fully recover, especially in broken ore bodies, it is easy to form ore body residues; (3) Limited mining efficiency. In the traditional medium-deep hole sectional mining method, the drift type mining adopted requires frequent adjustment of roadway layout, and the mechanization degree is relatively low.

[0003] For traditional drift type mining methods, such as the slicing drift method, although it is suitable for broken ore bodies, there are problems such as long stoping cycle and low equipment utilization rate; Stope preparation cycle: Each slice requires an additional 3 - 5 weeks for roadway support system transformation. On the other hand, the equipment idling rate is high: due to the frequent adjustment of stope access drifts in the slicing drift method, the idling time of the load-haul-dump machine accounts for 40%, resulting in low equipment utilization rate and increased mining cost.

[0004] In the prior art, a certain patent discloses a lateral pre-splitting blasting mining method for medium-thick ore bodies in gently inclined ore bodies. The specific steps include (1) setting up panels and stoping units; (2) arranging the development system; (3) cutting; (4) drilling and blasting; (5) ore caving; (6) ore drawing; By arranging pre-splitting blast holes along the direction of the ore natural angle of repose in the drilling trench, this patent reduces the drilling amount of upward fan-shaped holes, increases the ore caving amount of downward large-diameter deep holes, effectively forms a blasting pre-crack, reduces the loss in the ore field, improves the ore recovery rate, and reduces the direct mining cost of ore; However, for the safety of mining and the stability of the stope, this mining method still leaves intermediate pillars along the dip direction between adjacent stoping units and a trench at the bottom, resulting in the loss of ore resources, and the ore drawing process is complex and the mechanization degree is relatively low when using the shrinkage stoping method combined with secondary ore caving for panel ore drawing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the present application provides a combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift type collaboration, aiming to solve the technical problems of difficult safe and efficient mining, low mechanization degree, and poor dynamic regulation of broken thick ore bodies in the prior art.

[0006] The present application provides a combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift type collaboration, including the following steps: S1. Divide the thick and broken ore body to be mined into several slices according to height and several panels horizontally, so that several blocks are formed in the three-dimensional space of the ore body; S2. The blocks operate alternately through time sequence control. The mining sequence of any block is to carry out pre-splitting blasting first and then stope heading mining; S3. Divide the blocks into a pre-splitting area and a stope area according to the operations currently being carried out. The pre-splitting area is the area in any block where pre-splitting blasting is being carried out, and the stope area is the area in any block where stope heading mining is being carried out; The vertical distance between the pre-splitting area and the stope area is not less than 10 m, and the horizontal distance is not less than 30 m; S4. When pre-splitting blasting is carried out in the block, the medium-deep hole sectional pre-splitting blasting method is adopted. When stope heading mining is carried out in the block, the mining sequence of mining every other one is adopted, and ore drawing is realized by cooperating with mechanized drilling equipment and mining equipment; S5. Design and carry out the mining operations of all blocks in the three-dimensional space of the thick and broken ore body to be mined according to the methods in steps S2 to S4 until the combined mining of the thick and broken ore body based on medium-deep hole blasting and stope heading cooperation is completed.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the pre-splitting blasting operation of the same block is at least 48 hours ahead of the stope heading mining operation to ensure the stress release of the surrounding rock.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, the medium-deep hole sectional pre-splitting blasting method includes: the hole layout is in a fan-shaped medium-deep hole layout, low-power explosives are used in combination with air interval charging technology for pre-splitting, and a blasting method combining hole-by-hole millisecond delay initiation and sectional initiation is adopted.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, after the pre-splitting blasting of any block is completed, the roof is immediately dynamically supported and intelligently monitored; when stope heading mining is carried out in any block, combined support and movable hydraulic supports are adopted to realize safe and efficient mining.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the intelligent monitoring is to use a microseismic monitoring system to monitor and analyze the blasting vibration wave and the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time, so as to dynamically adjust the pre-splitting blasting or stope heading mining operation sequence of each block in the three-dimensional space.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, vertically, the stope area is always located below the pre-splitting area; horizontally, the stope area always lags behind the pre-splitting area by 1 to 2 panels.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the height of the segmented part is 15 - 30 m, and the size of the panel is 40 - 60 m * 40 - 60 m.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the aperture of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is 90 - 120 mm, the hole depth is 15 - 25 m, the hole spacing is 2 - 3 m, and the row spacing is 1.5 - 2.5 m.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, when the block is mined by drift mining, a plurality of parallel drifts are arranged in the mining area, and mining is carried out in the order of mining one and leaving one. The width of the drift is 4 - 6 m, and the spacing between the drifts is 8 - 10 m.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the air interval charging technology adopts a charging structure of bottom concentrated charging + middle air interval + upper stemming. The length of the bottom concentrated charging is 1 / 3 of the hole depth, the length of the middle air interval is 3 - 5 m, and the length of the upper stemming is 2 - 3 m.

[0016] Beneficial effects: (1) The combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining in coordination of the present invention, on the basis of segmenting and zoning the broken thick ore bodies to be mined and regulating the operation of the block in terms of time sequence and space, uses medium-deep hole blasting to pre-split the ore body, forming controllable caving block size, reducing the direct disturbance to the mining area, and using drift-type mechanical equipment to efficiently recover the caved ore, reducing the risk of roof fall. It not only gives play to the large-scale caving advantage of the medium-deep hole block mining method, but also uses drift mining to ensure the safe and efficient recovery of the broken ore body, with significant technological breakthroughs. This technical solution adopts the coordinated operation of segmented medium-deep hole pre-split blasting and drift-type mechanical backfilling, and through mechanical coordination and dynamic regulation, solves the technical problem of the difficult safe and efficient mining of broken thick ore bodies.

[0017] (2) The present invention ensures the complete release of the surrounding rock stress after blasting by defining the coordination rules of the pre-split blasting and drift mining operations of the same block in terms of time, avoiding the superposition of dynamic disturbances during drift mining; in addition, by defining that the interval between the pre-split area and the mining area is not less than 10 m in the vertical direction and not less than 30 m in the horizontal direction, the interference between the pre-split blasting operation and the drift mining operation is avoided in the spatial layout, which is beneficial to the safety of mining and the stability of the stope. It not only gives play to the high-efficiency caving ability of medium-deep hole blasting, but also can ensure the safe recovery of the broken ore body through drift mining, realizing the high-efficiency and safe recovery of the broken thick ore body.

[0018] (3) The mining method of the present invention solves the problems of surrounding rock instability and ore loss in medium-deep hole blasting of broken thick ore bodies through reasonable design of ore body mining technology, refined drilling, low-power charge structure, dynamic support and intelligent monitoring. At the same time, it is seamlessly connected with the subsequent drift-type mechanized stoping, forming a set of efficient and safe combined mining system.

[0019] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of this application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are specifically given below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the model structure of the combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift-type coordination in the embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the vertical inclined plane projection diagram of the model structure; Figure 3 is Figure 1 the horizontal plane projection diagram of the model structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this application more clearly, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of this application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" and "several" mean more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0025] References to "embodiments" in this specification mean that the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] In the field of mine exploitation, the traditional medium-deep hole sublevel stoping method is applicable to thick and large ore bodies with good ore body stability. However, the following problems still exist in the actual application of this mining method: (1) Poor adaptability to broken ore bodies. When medium-deep hole blasting is used, it is easy to cause the instability of the surrounding rock, resulting in the occurrence of roof caving or rib spalling problems; (2) High ore loss rate. The caved ore is difficult to be completely recovered, especially in broken ore bodies, where ore body residues are likely to form; (3) Limited mining efficiency. The drift mining method used in the traditional medium-deep hole sublevel stoping method requires frequent adjustment of the roadway layout, and the degree of mechanization is relatively low. For the traditional drift mining method, such as the slicing drift method, although it is suitable for broken ore bodies, there are problems such as long stoping cycle and low equipment utilization rate; Stope preparation cycle: Each slice requires an additional 3 - 5 weeks for roadway support system transformation. On the other hand, the equipment idling rate is high: Due to the frequent adjustment of the stope connecting roadways in the slicing drift method, the idling time of the load-haul-dump machine accounts for 40%, resulting in low equipment utilization rate and increased mining costs.

[0028] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the difficult safe and efficient exploitation of broken thick and large ore bodies, low degree of mechanization, and poor dynamic controllability, the present application provides a combined mining method for broken thick and large ore bodies based on the coordination of medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining. This mining method combines the medium-deep hole sublevel blasting technology with the drift mining process, and solves the problem of safe and efficient exploitation of broken thick and large ore bodies through mechanized coordination and dynamic control.

[0029] For the convenience of description, the following embodiments will be described by taking a combined mining method for broken thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining in a specific embodiment of the present application as an example.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the embodiment of the present application provides a combined mining method for broken thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining, including the following steps: S1. Divide the broken thick and large ore body to be mined into several segments according to height and several panels horizontally, so that the ore body forms several blocks in three-dimensional space; S2. The blocks perform alternating operations through timing control. The mining sequence of any block is to first perform pre-splitting blasting and then perform drift stoping; S3. Divide the blocks into a pre-splitting area and a stoping area according to the operations they are currently performing. The pre-splitting area is the area where pre-splitting blasting is being carried out in any block (not the entire block is the pre-splitting area), and the stoping area is the area where drift stoping is being carried out in any block (not the entire block is the stoping area); The pre-splitting area and the stoping area are separated by at least 10 m in the vertical direction and at least 30 m in the horizontal direction; S4. When pre-splitting blasting is carried out on the block, the medium-deep hole sectional pre-splitting blasting method is adopted. When drift stoping is carried out on the block, the stoping sequence of mining every other one is adopted, and mechanized drilling equipment and mining equipment are used to achieve ore drawing; S5. Design and carry out the mining operations of all blocks of the broken thick and large ore body to be mined in three-dimensional space according to the methods of steps S2 to S4 until the combined mining of the broken thick and large ore body based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining is completed.

[0031] Based on segmenting and zoning the broken thick and large ore body to be mined and regulating the timing and space of the operations of the blocks, this mining method uses medium-deep hole blasting to pre-split the ore body, forming controllable caving fragment sizes, reducing the direct disturbance to the stoping area, and using drift-type mechanized equipment to efficiently recover the caved ore, reducing the risk of roof fall. It not only gives play to the large-scale caving advantage of the medium-deep hole sectional mining method but also uses drift mining to ensure the safe and efficient recovery of the broken ore body, with significant technological breakthroughs. This technical solution adopts the depth coordinated operation of sectional medium-deep hole pre-splitting blasting and drift-type mechanized stoping, and through mechanized coordination and dynamic regulation, solves the technical problem of the difficult safe and efficient mining of broken thick and large ore bodies.

[0032] Further, in some embodiments, in step S2, the pre-splitting blasting operation of the same block is at least 48 hours ahead of the drift stoping operation to ensure the stress release of the surrounding rock.

[0033] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by defining the coordination rules of the presplitting blasting and the drift stoping operation of the same block in terms of time, the complete release of the surrounding rock stress after blasting is ensured, and the superposition of dynamic disturbances during drift stoping is avoided. In addition, by defining that the presplitting area and the stoping area are separated by no less than 10 m in the vertical direction and no less than 30 m in the horizontal direction, the interference between the presplitting blasting operation and the drift stoping operation is avoided in the spatial layout, which is beneficial to the safety of mining and the stability of the stope. It not only exerts the high-efficiency caving ability of medium-deep hole blasting, but also can ensure the safe recovery of the broken ore body through drift stoping, realizing the high-efficiency and safe stoping of the thick and broken ore body.

[0034] Further, in some embodiments, in step S4, the method of medium-deep hole sectional presplitting blasting includes: the hole layout is in the form of fan-shaped medium-deep holes, low-power explosives are used in combination with air interval charging technology for presplitting, and a blasting method combining hole-by-hole millisecond delay initiation and sectional initiation is adopted.

[0035] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by adopting the hole layout method of fan-shaped medium-deep holes, the complete caving of the ore body within the block is realized. Low-power explosives are used in combination with air interval charging technology for presplitting, reducing the damage of blasting vibration to the broken ore body. Combining with the blasting method, caved ore with uniform block size (particle size ≤ 500 mm) is formed, which is convenient for subsequent mechanized shoveling and hauling.

[0036] Further, in some embodiments, in step S2, after the presplitting blasting of any block is completed, the roof is immediately subjected to dynamic support and intelligent monitoring; when any block is subjected to drift stoping, combined support and movable hydraulic supports are adopted to realize safe and efficient stoping. The intelligent monitoring is to use a microseismic monitoring system to monitor and analyze the blasting vibration wave and the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time, so as to dynamically adjust the presplitting blasting or drift stoping operation sequence of each block in the three-dimensional space.

[0037] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the dynamic support is used to reinforce the roof, providing a safety guarantee for the subsequent drift stoping. And by using the microseismic monitoring system to analyze the blasting vibration wave and the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time, the stoping sequence of the blocks can be dynamically adjusted, improving the safety of the entire ore body.

[0038] Further, in some embodiments, in step S3, in the vertical direction, the stoping area is always located below the presplitting area; in the horizontal direction, the stoping area always lags behind the presplitting area by 1 to 2 panels.

[0039] In the actual application of the mining method in the embodiments of the present application, in the vertical direction of the broken thick ore body to be mined, the general mining sequence is from bottom to top. Therefore, the stoping area is located below the pre-splitting area, that is, pre-splitting blasting is carried out first and then drift stoping; in the horizontal direction, the stoping area and the pre-splitting area are also spaced in time and space to avoid mutual interference during operation.

[0040] Further, in some embodiments, in step S1, the height of each section is 15 - 30 m, and the size of the panel is 40 - 60 m * 40 - 60 m; thus, the three-dimensional size of the block formed in the three-dimensional space is (40 - 60 m) * (40 - 60 m) * (15 - 30 m).

[0041] It should be noted that Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the model structure of the combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift stoping in cooperation in the present application, that is, the ore body model in the ideal state, and 12 blocks (3 * 4) are formed. Figure 2 And Figure 3 To better show the spatial positions of the stoping area, the pre-splitting area and the area to be mined, the Figure 1 model is projected on the vertical inclined plane and the horizontal plane; and Figures 1 to 3 The markings of the pre-splitting area and the stoping area in the figure only represent that the pre-splitting area or the stoping area is contained in this section or this panel, rather than indicating that the entire section or panel is in the pre-splitting area or the stoping area (the pre-splitting area is the area where pre-splitting blasting is being carried out in any block, and the stoping area is the area where drift stoping is being carried out in any block). In actual production, the division of sections and panels and the formation of blocks of broken thick ore bodies have irregular shapes and uncertain quantities, and the mining scope and the primary operation area of the pre-splitting area or the stoping area are affected by the degree of ore body fragmentation, which can be the entire block or a certain part of the block. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments according to the actual working conditions.

[0042] Further, in some embodiments, the aperture of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is 90 - 120 mm, the hole depth is 15 - 25 m, the hole spacing is 2 - 3 m, and the row spacing is 1.5 - 2.5 m. The air interval charging technology adopts a charging structure of bottom concentrated charging + middle air interval + upper stemming. The length of the bottom concentrated charging is 1 / 3 of the hole depth, the length of the middle air interval is 3 - 5 m, and the length of the upper stemming is 2 - 3 m.

[0043] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the above settings of the medium-deep hole parameters and the charging structure are all for controlling the blasting effect, so as to reduce the excessive damage to the broken surrounding rock while exerting the maximum blasting efficiency, play a role in controlling the ore fragmentation, and reduce the energy consumption of secondary crushing.

[0044] Further, in some embodiments, in step S4, when the block conducts drift stoping, a plurality of parallel drifts are arranged in the stoping area, and the stoping is carried out in the order of mining every other one. The width of the drift is 4 - 6 m, and the spacing between drifts is 8 - 10 m.

[0045] The following are specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. For those technologies or conditions not specified in the embodiments, they shall be carried out according to the technologies or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. For the instruments not specified in the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0046] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides an actual application of a combined mining method for broken thick ore bodies based on medium - deep hole blasting and drift - type coordination, including the following steps: S1. The broken thick ore body to be mined is divided into several sections by height (such as Figure 1 section 1, section 2, and section 3 in the middle, with heights of 16 m, 17 m, and 17 m respectively), and divided into several panels on the horizontal plane (such as Figure 1 panel A, panel B, panel C, panel D in the middle, with size parameters of 50 m * 50 m), so that the ore body forms several blocks (50 m * 50 m * 16 m or 50 m * 50 m * 17 m) in three - dimensional space; S2. The blocks carry out alternating operations through timing control. The mining sequence of any block is to first conduct pre - split blasting and then carry out drift stoping; the pre - split blasting operation of the same block is 48 hours ahead of the drift stoping operation to ensure the stress release of the surrounding rock; S3. The blocks are divided into a pre - split area and a stoping area according to the operations they are currently performing. The pre - split area is the area where pre - split blasting is being carried out in any block (such as Figure 2 the area where pre - split blasting is being carried out in section 2 in the middle, Figure 3 the area where pre - split blasting is being carried out in panel A in the middle), and the stoping area is the area where drift stoping is being carried out in any block (such as Figure 2 the area where drift stoping is being carried out in section 1 in the middle, Figure 3 the area where drift stoping is being carried out in panel B in the middle); the vertical interval between the pre - split area and the stoping area is 10 m, and the horizontal interval is 30 m; S4. When the block conducts pre - split blasting, the medium - deep hole sectional pre - split blasting method is adopted. The hole layout is in the form of fan - shaped medium - deep holes. The aperture of the fan - shaped medium - deep holes is 100 mm, the hole depth is 21 m. In the broken area (f ≤ 6), the hole spacing is reduced to 1.5 m, and the single - hole charge amount is reduced. In the relatively stable area (f > 8), the row spacing is increased to 2.5 m to improve the blasting efficiency; Use a full-hydraulic rock drilling jumbo (such as Sandvik DD422i) for drilling, equipped with a guiding system to ensure the hole position accuracy (deviation ≤ 1%). After drilling, use a high-pressure air pipe to clean the rock powder in the hole to ensure smooth charging; Use low-power explosives (ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive or emulsion explosive (density 0.8 - 1.0 g / cm 3 )) combined with air-decked charging technology for presplitting, and adopt a blasting method that combines hole-by-hole millisecond delay initiation and sectional initiation; among them, the air-decked charging technology adopts a charging structure of bottom concentrated charging + middle air interval + upper stemming. The length of the bottom concentrated charging is 1 / 3 of the hole depth (charging 7 m), the length of the middle air interval is 4 m, then charge for 7 m, and the upper stemming uses gunite or special stemming bags with a length of 3 m; Hole-by-hole millisecond delay initiation: Use electronic detonators (accuracy 0.1 ms) to initiate in a "V" shape sequence, with a delay time of 3 - 10 ms / hole, and control the blasting vibration velocity ≤ 5 cm / s. Sectional initiation: Divide the blast holes in the same section into a "main blasting area" and a "buffer area", and the main blasting area is initiated first to reduce the impact on the surrounding rock. Use a blasting vibration monitor (such as MiniMate Pro) to record the vibration data in real time and dynamically adjust the subsequent charge amount; After the block presplitting blasting is completed, immediately conduct dynamic support and intelligent monitoring on the roof. Within 2 hours after blasting, use a bolter to install long anchor cables (length 8 m, prestress 10 tons) to reinforce the roof, and spray concrete: Spray steel fiber concrete (thickness 80 mm, strength C25) on the exposed rock surface to seal the cracks; Arrange fiber Bragg grating sensors to monitor the roof displacement (early warning threshold 50 mm), and use a microseismic system to monitor and analyze the blasting vibration wave and the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time to dynamically adjust the presplitting blasting or the stoping operation sequence of each block in the three-dimensional space; When conducting stope stoping in the block, arrange multiple parallel headings in the stoping area and adopt a stoping sequence of mining every other one. The width of the heading is 5 m, and the spacing between headings is 8 m; Cooperate with mechanized drilling equipment and mining equipment to achieve ore drawing; Use a two-boom rock drilling jumbo for auxiliary drilling, equipped with an electric LHD (such as 6m 3 bucket, ToroTM 0015, load capacity 15 tons) or a continuous miner for ore drawing, and use an integrated bolter for real-time support; Adopt a combined support of "bolt + wire mesh + W-shaped steel strip", and set up a movable hydraulic support at the heading entrance. As the stoping progress advances, achieve safe and efficient stoping; S5. Design and conduct the mining operations of all blocks of the broken thick ore body to be mined in the three-dimensional space according to the methods in steps S2 - S4 until the combined mining of the broken thick ore body based on medium-deep hole blasting and heading method collaboration is completed.

[0047] The key indicators of this mining method compared with the traditional medium-deep hole method and the traditional heading method are shown in the following table.

[0048] Table 1 Comparison of Key Indicators between the Mining Method of Example 1 and the Traditional Method In Example 1, the medium-deep hole blasting efficiency is increased by 30% (single blast volume ≥ 5000 tons). The volume of the ore body before and after blasting is compared by laser scanning. The heading mechanized stoping increases the ore recovery rate to over 85%. The combined support technology controls the roof displacement within ≤ 50 mm (≥ 100 mm for the traditional method); pre-splitting blasting controls the ore fragmentation, forming caved ore with uniform fragmentation (particle size ≤ 500 mm), reducing the energy consumption of secondary crushing. The heading stoping reduces the ore residue, and the dilution rate is reduced to below 8%. The ore drawing efficiency is increased by 40%, and the accident rate of the safety risk of roof fall is reduced by 70%. The mechanization rate is ≥ 85%.

[0049] The mining method of this example solves the problems of surrounding rock instability and ore loss in medium-deep hole blasting of broken thick ore bodies through the design of the ore body mining process, refined drilling, low-power charge structure, dynamic support and intelligent monitoring. At the same time, it seamlessly connects with the subsequent heading mechanized stoping, forming a set of efficient and safe combined mining systems.

[0050] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are only examples. Embodiments with the same composition and the same function and effect as the technical idea within the scope of the technical solution of this application are all included in the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope of not departing from the main idea of this application, various deformations that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways constructed by combining some constituent elements of the embodiments are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A combined mining method for crushing thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift-type collaboration, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Divide the broken thick and large ore body to be mined into several sublevels by height and several panels horizontally, so that several blocks are formed in the three-dimensional space of the ore body; S2. The blocks are alternately operated through sequential control, and the mining sequence of any block is to first carry out presplitting blasting and then carry out drift stoping; S3. Divide the blocks into a presplitting area and a stoping area according to the operations currently being carried out. The presplitting area is the area in any block where presplitting blasting is being carried out, and the stoping area is the area in any block where drift stoping is being carried out; The vertical interval between the presplitting area and the stoping area is not less than 10 m, and the horizontal interval is not less than 30 m; S4. When presplitting blasting is carried out in the block, the method of medium-deep hole sublevel presplitting blasting is adopted. When drift stoping is carried out in the block, the stoping sequence of mining every other one is adopted, and ore drawing is realized by cooperating with mechanized drilling equipment and mining equipment; S5. Design and carry out the mining operations of all blocks in the three-dimensional space of the broken thick and large ore body to be mined according to the methods of steps S2 to S4 until the combined mining of the broken thick and large ore body based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift type coordination is completed.

2. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the presplitting blasting operation of the same block is at least 48 hours ahead of the drift stoping operation to ensure the stress release of the surrounding rock.

3. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein In step S4, the method of medium-deep hole sublevel presplitting blasting includes: the hole layout is in the form of fan-shaped medium-deep holes, low-power explosives are used in combination with air-decked charging technology for presplitting, and a blasting method combining hole-by-hole millisecond delay initiation and sectional initiation is adopted.

4. The combined mining method for crushing thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining in coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, immediately after the presplitting blasting of any block is completed, dynamic support and intelligent monitoring are carried out on the roof; when drift stoping is carried out in any block, combined support and movable hydraulic supports are adopted to achieve safe and efficient stoping.

5. The combined mining method for crushing thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring is to use a microseismic monitoring system to monitor and analyze the blasting vibration waves and the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time, so as to dynamically adjust the presplitting blasting or drift stoping operation sequence of each block in the three-dimensional space.

6. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, vertically, the stoping area is always located below the presplitting area; horizontally, the stoping area always lags behind the presplitting area by 1 to 2 panels.

7. The combined mining method for crushing thick and large ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the height of the sublevel is 15 to 30 m, and the size of the panel is 40 to 60 m * 40 to 60 m.

8. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The aperture of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is 90 to 120 mm, the hole depth is 15 to 25 m, the hole spacing is 2 to 3 m, and the row spacing is 1.5 to 2.5 m.

9. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift mining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when drift stoping is carried out in the block, multiple parallel drifts are arranged in the stoping area, and the stoping sequence of mining every other one is adopted. The width of the drift is 4 to 6 m, and the spacing between the drifts is 8 to 10 m.

10. The combined mining method for crushing thick and massive ore bodies based on medium-deep hole blasting and drift method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The air-decked charging technology is to adopt a charging structure of bottom concentrated charging + middle air interval + upper stemming. The length of the bottom concentrated charging is 1 / 3 of the hole depth, the length of the middle air interval is 3 to 5 m, and the length of the upper stemming is 2 to 3 m.

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