Slope ecological restoration method with grass first and irrigation second

Abstract

The invention provides a side slope ecological restoration method with grass first and irrigation second, which comprises the following steps of: arranging the slope surface of a side slope to ensure that the slope surface is flat; herbaceous plant seeds are sown on the prepared slope surface, and a herbaceous plant community is constructed; after the herbaceous plants grow stably, overground parts of the herbaceous plants are removed, and root systems of the herbaceous plants are reserved; according to the method, on the basis of soil with improved herbaceous plant root systems, shrub plants are planted, and a slope plant community which grows stably and has a landscape effect is formed by preferably selecting shrub types and optimizing a shrub configuration mode; after the shrubs are planted, manual maintenance management is performed in the early stage, and the shrubs are gradually transited to the natural maintenance and growth state in the later stage without manual maintenance. Through the ecological restoration mode of first grass irrigation and then irrigation, high efficiency, stability and sustainability of slope ecological restoration are achieved, and the method has important application and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a slope ecological restoration method that first plants grass and then shrubs. Background Art

[0002] Due to the lack of vegetation cover, bare slopes often face ecological and safety risks such as soil erosion and landslides. Therefore, current slope ecological restoration technologies mainly focus on how to quickly restore vegetation and stabilize slopes.

[0003] In the prior art, common slope ecological restoration methods include laying turf, spraying herbaceous plant seeds, spraying a combination of grass and shrub seeds, and manually planting shrubs. The core goal of these methods is to accelerate the restoration of slope vegetation through artificial measures and reduce the risk of soil erosion. However, there are many problems and deficiencies in the practical application of these existing technologies.

[0004] First of all, relying on the method of seed spraying or sowing can accelerate vegetation restoration to a certain extent, but it is difficult to control the germination rate and seedling survival rate of seeds. Especially in the method of spraying a combination of grass and shrub seeds, due to the different germination conditions and growth requirements of different plant seeds, problems such as inconsistent germination time and intense growth competition often occur. This results in some plants being unable to germinate normally or dying due to competition, ultimately making the effect of vegetation restoration unstable, and the types and quantities of plants difficult to reach the expected goals.

[0005] Secondly, when relying solely on herbaceous plants for slope restoration, the phenomenon of "green in the first year, yellow in the second year, and dead and degraded in the third year" often occurs. This is because the community structure of herbaceous plants is single and lacks long-term stable ecological functions, making it difficult to effectively resist external environmental changes and natural disturbances.

[0006] In addition, the method of directly planting shrubs also has obvious defects. Shrubs need to acclimatize and grow new roots in the initial stage of planting. During this process, the stability of the surface soil of the slope is poor and is easily affected by external factors such as rain erosion, resulting in the loss of both seedlings and soil. At the same time, shrubs require a soil layer rich in organic matter, and there are no effective soil improvement measures in the prior art, making it difficult to meet the soil conditions for the growth of shrubs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a slope ecological restoration method that first plants grass and then shrubs, aiming to solve the problem of poor effect of existing technologies for slope ecological restoration.

[0008] The present invention is implemented as follows. A slope ecological restoration method that first plants grass and then shrubs, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Arrange the slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is flat; Step S2: Sow herbaceous plant seeds on the well-prepared slope surface to construct a herbaceous plant community; Step S3: After the herbaceous plants grow stably, remove the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants and retain their roots; Step S4: On the basis of the soil improved by the roots of the herbaceous plants, plant shrub plants to form a stable plant community; Step S5: After the shrubs are planted, carry out maintenance management to form a stable slope plant community.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is: If there are already herbaceous plants growing on the slope, directly plant shrub plants after manually removing weeds and preparing the slope surface.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is: The said Step S1 includes the following steps: Step S10: Use tools to clean the slope surface and remove sundries with large diameters; Step S11: For cracks or unevenness on the slope surface, use soil or special filling materials to fill and tamp; After the slope surface is arranged, ensure that there are no potholes on the slope surface. For areas that do not meet the requirements, re-fill them until the slope surface is flat.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is: In Step S10, focus on treating depressions on the slope surface that exceed 20 cm.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S20: The selected herbaceous plants need to have the characteristics of fast growth rate, strong adaptability, drought tolerance, and barren tolerance, and cover the bare slope surface in a short time. The seeds are screened and disinfected to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 85%; Step S21: According to the slope surface conditions and seed types, select the sowing or spraying method for sowing, and the sowing rate is 20-30 g per square meter; After sowing, cover with degradable non-woven fabric and water immediately. After germination, water 1-2 times a week according to weather conditions and soil humidity until the herbaceous plants grow stably. In the dry season, increase the watering frequency. In the rainy season, pay attention to drainage and apply a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer as needed to promote the rapid growth of herbaceous plants.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is: In Step S21, an appropriate amount of cellulose and binder need to be added during spraying.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step S3, for tall herbaceous plants, use a lawn mower or manual mowing to cut off the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants, and the mowing height is flush with the slope or 1-2 cm above the slope.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step S3, for low herbaceous plants, use a degradable film to cover the slope, and inhibit the growth of the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants by shading, so as to make its roots more developed. When covering the film, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits tightly with the slope.

[0016] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step S4, for shrubs, use container seedlings or potted seedlings with a seedling height of 30-40 cm. When planting, dig planting holes on the slope according to the preset plant spacing, and implant the seedlings into the planting holes in the order of planting from the top of the slope downwards, fill the soil and compact it. Attention should be paid to the orientation and spacing of the seedlings to avoid mutual shading between the seedlings.

[0017] A further technical solution of the present invention is: in step S5, water immediately after planting to keep the soil moist, water 1-2 times a week until survival, increase the frequency in the dry season, and adjust flexibly according to the soil humidity and plant growth in the rainy season. Apply 30-100 g of compound fertilizer per plant 3-5 months after planting. Apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to the soil fertility and slope construction conditions one year after planting. The compound fertilizer is applied by hole application or liquid fertilizer application, and the shrubs are selectively pruned according to the landscape requirements and the branching situation of the plants to optimize the plant type and promote branching.

[0018] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the compound fertilizer is applied by hole application or liquid fertilizer application.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the present invention is: through the ecological restoration mode of grass first and then shrubs, the high efficiency, stability and sustainability of slope ecological restoration are realized, and it has important popularization and application value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is the main flow chart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1A slope ecological restoration method of planting grasses first and then shrubs provided by the present invention is shown. The aim is to solve the problems such as difficult vegetation construction, lack of soil organic matter, and vegetation degradation in the prior art through a systematic ecological restoration method. The core of this method lies in first constructing a herbaceous plant community to quickly cover the bare slope surface and stabilize the soil and water. After the herbaceous plant community is stable, the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants are removed by artificial control, and their roots are retained as the anchor wire mesh and organic matter source of the soil. Then, shrub plants are planted to form a stable plant community mainly composed of shrubs, realizing the long-term stability of slope ecological restoration.

[0023] A slope ecological restoration method of planting grasses first and then shrubs includes the following steps: Step S1: Arrange the slope surface to ensure the slope surface is flat; Step S2: Sow herbaceous plant seeds on the arranged slope surface to construct a herbaceous plant community; Step S3: After the herbaceous plants grow stably, remove the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants and retain their roots; Step S4: On the basis of the soil improved by the roots of the herbaceous plants, plant shrub plants to form a stable plant community; Step S5: After the shrubs are planted, carry out maintenance management to form a stable slope plant community.

[0024] The said Step S1 is the process of slope surface arrangement. Before implementing ecological restoration, first arrange the slope surface of the slope to ensure the slope surface is flat and stable, providing good physical conditions for subsequent vegetation restoration. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Clean the slope surface. Use an excavator or manual tools to clean the slope surface, removing stones, tree roots, weeds with a diameter greater than 10 cm, and other unstable substances. For cracks or depressions on the slope surface with a depth exceeding 20 cm, special attention should be paid to cleaning to prevent them from affecting subsequent vegetation restoration; Filling treatment. For cracks or unevenness on the slope surface, use soil or special filling materials to fill and tamp. The filling materials need to be compatible with the slope surface soil to ensure the integrity of the slope surface. After filling, carry out tamping treatment to ensure the slope surface is stable and avoid slope collapse caused by rainwater scouring; Flatness inspection. After the slope surface arrangement is completed, ensure that there are no potholes on the slope surface. For areas that do not meet the requirements, re-fill and treat until the slope surface meets the requirements.

[0025] Step S2 is the process of constructing a herbaceous plant community. On the arranged slope surface, sow herbaceous plant seeds by broadcasting or spraying to construct a herbaceous plant community to quickly cover the bare slope surface and stabilize the soil. The specific steps are as follows: Seed selection and treatment. Select herbaceous plant seeds suitable for local climate and soil conditions, such as Bermudagrass, Bahiagrass, Ryegrass, etc. These plants are characterized by fast growth rate, strong adaptability, drought tolerance, and poor soil tolerance, and can cover the bare slope within a short period. The seeds need to be screened and disinfected to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 85%. For some seeds that are difficult to germinate, germination acceleration treatment can be carried out to improve the germination rate; Sowing method. According to the slope conditions and seed types, choose the sowing method of broadcasting or spraying. The seeding rate is 20-30g per square meter. When broadcasting, the seeds need to be evenly distributed, and manual broadcasting or mechanical broadcasting equipment can be used to ensure uniform seed distribution. When spraying, an appropriate amount of cellulose and binder need to be added to enhance the adhesion of the seeds to the soil and reduce the risk of the seeds being washed away by rain; Watering and maintenance. After sowing, cover with degradable non-woven fabric and water immediately to keep the soil moist and promote seed germination. After germination, water 1-2 times a week according to weather conditions and soil moisture until the herbaceous plants grow stably. In the dry season, the watering frequency needs to be increased; in the rainy season, pay attention to drainage to avoid waterlogging causing seed rot or seedling death. At the same time, a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer can be applied as needed to promote the rapid growth of herbaceous plants.

[0026] The step S3 is the process of removing or covering the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants. After the herbaceous plants grow stably (usually 3-5 months or more than 1 year), remove the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants by mowing or covering with a film, and retain its roots to stabilize the soil and increase the soil organic matter content. The specific steps are as follows: Mowing treatment. For tall herbaceous plants (height ≥ 20cm), use a lawn mower or manual mowing to cut off the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants. The mowing height should be flush with the slope or about 1-2cm above the slope to ensure that the roots are not damaged. The cut above-ground part of the herbaceous plants can be composted for subsequent soil improvement.

[0027] Film covering treatment. For low herbaceous plants (height < 20cm), after the herbaceous plants grow to a certain height, cover the slope with a degradable film. Inhibit the growth of the above-ground part of the herbaceous plants by shading to make its roots more developed. When covering the film, ensure that the film fits tightly with the slope to avoid air circulation. The film should be selected as an environmentally friendly degradable material to reduce the impact on the environment.

[0028] The method of grass first and then shrub includes two modes: one is to directly plant shrub plants on the slope where the herbaceous plants have grown well (previously sown manually or grown naturally) without sowing by manually removing weeds and tidying up the slope, and the other is a bare slope without plants. At this time, use manual or mechanical spraying to sow herbaceous plant seeds, and then start the subsequent work after the herbaceous plants grow well.

[0029] Step S4 is the process of planting shrub plants. Based on the soil improved by the root systems of herbaceous plants, shrub plants are planted to form a stable plant community. The specific steps are as follows: Seedling selection. Shrub plants are preferably bagged seedlings or potted seedlings with a height of about 30 - 40 cm, ensuring that the root systems of the seedlings are complete and the seedlings are growing healthily. Select shrub plants that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, such as bougainvillea, winter red, and rhaphiolepis indica. These plants have strong adaptability and ecological stability, and can provide long-term ecological protection for the slope.

[0030] Planting method. Dig planting holes on the slope surface according to the predetermined plant spacing (for example, the spacing in the front, back, left, and right directions is 30 - 40 cm), and the depth of the holes is about 30 cm. Place the shrub seedlings into the planting holes, fill the holes with soil and compact it to ensure that the seedlings are stable. When planting, attention should be paid to the orientation and spacing of the seedlings to avoid mutual shading between the seedlings, which may affect their growth.

[0031] Planting sequence. Plant from the top of the slope downwards in sequence to avoid soil erosion caused by rainwater scouring. After planting, conduct an overall inspection of the slope surface to ensure that each seedling is stable and meets the design requirements.

[0032] Step S5 is the process of maintenance and management. After the shrub plants are planted, timely maintenance and management are carried out to ensure the healthy growth of the shrubs and form a stable slope plant community. The specific measures are as follows: Watering management. Immediately water the fixed root water after planting to ensure that the soil is moist. Subsequently, according to the weather conditions, water 1 - 2 times a week until the shrubs survive. In the dry season, the watering frequency needs to be increased; while in the rainy season, water selectively according to the soil moisture and the growth of the plants, and even watering can be stopped for a long time; Fertilization management. Apply a compound fertilizer once within 3 - 5 months after planting during the initial growth stage of the shrubs to promote the growth of the seedlings. The fertilization amount is 30 - 100 g per shrub. The fertilization method can be hole application or liquid fertilizer application. At the same time, according to the soil fertility and the slope construction conditions, organic fertilizers can be appropriately applied to further improve the soil; Pruning management. Selectively prune the shrubs according to the need to maintain the vegetation landscape on the slope surface to promote the healthy growth and flowering of the shrubs.

[0033] This invention overcomes the problems in the prior art that the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate are difficult to control, plant growth competition, and lack of soil organic matter. Through the "herb first then shrub" mode, it quickly covers the bare slope surface, stabilizes the water and soil, and at the same time uses the root systems of herbaceous plants to improve the soil, providing good conditions for the growth of shrubs. Finally, a stable slope plant community is formed. This invention systematically solves the problems existing in the prior art through the "herb first then shrub" mode, and has remarkable advantages and good technical effects, specifically as follows: I. Solving the problems of seed germination rate and seedling survival rate: In the prior art, the methods of seed spraying or sowing often result in unstable germination rate and seedling survival rate due to different seed germination conditions. In the present invention, by first constructing a herbaceous plant community to quickly cover the slope surface and stabilize the soil, a good foundation is provided for subsequent shrub planting. This method effectively avoids the problems of germination rate and seedling survival rate caused by plant competition when directly spraying grass and shrub seeds; II. Overcoming the problem of plant growth competition: In the prior art, when spraying grass and shrubs together, due to different growth rates and competition abilities of different plants, some plants often cannot grow normally or even die. In the present invention, by planting in stages (herbs first and then shrubs), direct competition between plants is avoided, ensuring the healthy growth of shrubs; III. Solving the problem of lack of soil organic matter: In the prior art, when directly planting shrubs, the growth of shrubs is often poor due to insufficient soil organic matter. In the present invention, by retaining the roots of herbaceous plants, after decomposition, the content of soil organic matter is increased, and at the same time, the soil structure is improved, providing good soil conditions for the growth of shrubs; IV. Enhancing the ecological stability of the slope: The plant community mainly composed of shrubs finally formed by the present invention has stronger ecological stability and long-term protection function. The roots of shrub plants are deeper, which can effectively prevent soil erosion, and at the same time provide long-term ecological protection, avoiding the common phenomenon of "green in the first year, yellow in the second year, and degraded in the third year" of herbaceous plant communities; V. Wide applicability The technical solution of the present invention can be appropriately adjusted according to the climate conditions and soil types of different regions, and has wide applicability. For example, in arid regions, the environment can be adapted by increasing the watering frequency and selecting drought-tolerant plants; in humid regions, the scheme can be optimized by reducing watering and selecting moisture-tolerant plants; VI. Balancing ecological and economic benefits The present invention not only effectively solves the technical problems in slope ecological restoration, but also improves the landscape effect of the slope through reasonable plant configuration and ecological restoration process, having significant ecological and economic benefits. For example, the formed plant community can reduce the slope maintenance cost and beautify the environment at the same time.

[0034] In summary, through the ecological restoration mode of "herbs first and then shrubs", the present invention overcomes many defects of the prior art, realizes the high efficiency, stability and sustainability of slope ecological restoration, and has important promotion and application value.

[0035] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope ecological restoration method of first planting grass and then irrigating, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: tidying up the slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is flat; Step S2: sowing herbaceous plant seeds on the prepared slope to construct a herbaceous plant community; Step S3: After the herbaceous plants grow stably, remove the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants and retain their roots; Step S4: Planting shrubs on the soil improved by the roots of herbaceous plants to form a stable plant community; Step S5: After the shrubs are planted, maintenance management is carried out to form a stable slope plant community.

2. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: If herbaceous plants have already grown on the slope, shrubs can be planted directly after manually clearing the weeds and tidying up the slope.

3. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 comprises the following steps: Step S10: Use tools to clean the slope surface and remove debris with large diameters; Step S11: Fill and compact the cracks or uneven areas on the slope with soil or special filling materials; Step S12: After the slope surface is leveled, ensure that there are no potholes on the slope surface. For areas that do not meet the requirements, they need to be re-filled until the slope surface is flat.

4. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S10, depressions on the slope exceeding 20 cm are mainly processed.

5. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S20: The selected herbaceous plants need to have the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability, drought resistance, and barrenness resistance, and cover the exposed slope surface in a short time. The seeds are screened and disinfected to ensure that the germination rate is not less than 85%; Step S21: According to the slope conditions and seed type, broadcasting or spraying is selected for sowing, with a sowing amount of 20-30g per square meter; Step S22: After sowing, cover with degradable non-woven fabric and water immediately. After germination, water 1-2 times a week according to weather conditions and soil moisture until the herbaceous plants grow stably. In the dry season, the watering frequency needs to be increased. In the rainy season, attention should be paid to drainage. A small amount of quick-acting fertilizer should be applied as needed to promote the rapid growth of the herbaceous plants.

6. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step S21, appropriate amounts of cellulose and adhesive need to be added during spraying.

7. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, for tall herbaceous plants, the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants are cut off by using a lawn mower or manual mowing, and the mowing height is level with the slope surface or exceeds the slope surface by 1-2 cm.

8. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, for low-growing herbaceous plants, a degradable film is used to cover the slope surface, so as to inhibit the growth of the above-ground parts of the herbaceous plants by shading, thereby promoting the development of their root systems. When covering the film, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits tightly to the slope surface.

9. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, shrubs are planted in bags or pots with a height of 30-40 cm. When planting, planting holes are dug on the slope according to the preset plant spacing. The seedlings are planted in the planting holes in order from the top of the slope to the bottom, and the soil is filled and compacted. Attention should be paid to the direction and spacing of the seedlings to avoid mutual obstruction between the seedlings.

10. The method for ecological restoration of slopes by first planting grass and then irrigating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, water immediately after planting to keep the soil moist, water 1-2 times a week until survival, increase the frequency in the dry season, and flexibly adjust according to soil moisture and plant growth in the rainy season, apply 30-100g of compound fertilizer per plant 3-5 months after planting, apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to soil fertility and slope construction conditions one year after planting, and apply compound fertilizer in holes or liquid fertilizer, and selectively prune shrubs according to landscape requirements and plant branching to optimize plant shape and promote branching.

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