Absorption tower structure and carbon capture system with same

Abstract

The invention provides an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system with the same, the absorption tower structure comprises: a tower body; the reaction cavities are arranged in the tower body and extend in the length direction of the tower body, the reaction cavities are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction of the tower body, and the sectional areas of the sections, in the radial direction of the tower body, of the reaction cavities are proportionally arranged; the plurality of gas inlet channels are communicated with the plurality of reaction cavities in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the spraying assembly is arranged above each reaction cavity, the spraying assembly comprises a plurality of spray heads, and each reaction cavity is opposite to at least one spray head in the plurality of spray heads. The problem that in the prior art, the smoke flow is not matched with the flow of an absorption solvent, and consequently gas-liquid mixing is not uniform is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of absorption towers, and in particular, to an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system having the same. Background Art

[0002] In a conventional pre-combustion carbon capture process, a shift process is used to convert carbon monoxide in syngas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen (shift gas), and the shift gas then enters a carbon dioxide absorption tower for carbon capture.

[0003] Existing absorption towers are mostly packed towers or plate towers. The shift gas enters the tower from the middle and lower part of the tower, and moves upward to counter-currently contact with the semi-lean liquid in the middle of the tower to complete partial absorption of carbon dioxide. The residual hot carbon dioxide in the shift gas is then secondarily absorbed with the regenerated lean liquid in the upper part of the tower.

[0004] However, the shift gas in the existing absorption tower flows through the entire flow area of the tower body. When the flue gas flow rate is small, a large amount of solvent is still required to absorb carbon dioxide, which results in a mismatch between the flue gas flow rate and the absorption solvent flow rate, reducing the energy efficiency of the tower. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system having the same, so as to solve the problem of mismatch between the flue gas flow rate and the absorption solvent flow rate in the prior art, resulting in uneven gas-liquid mixing.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an absorption tower structure, including: a tower body; a plurality of reaction chambers, each reaction chamber is disposed in the tower body and extends along the length direction of the tower body, the plurality of reaction chambers are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the tower body, and the cross-sectional areas of the cross-sections of each reaction chamber along the radial direction of the tower body are proportionally arranged; a plurality of intake channels, the plurality of intake channels are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of reaction chambers and communicate therewith; a spraying assembly, disposed above each reaction chamber, the spraying assembly includes a plurality of nozzles, and each reaction chamber faces at least one of the plurality of nozzles.

[0007] Further, the absorption tower structure further includes: a plurality of partitions, each partition is disposed in the tower body and extends along the length direction of the tower body, the partition is connected to the inner wall surface of the tower body, the plurality of partitions are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the tower body, and at least a part of each reaction chamber is located between two adjacent partitions and the inner wall surface of the tower body.

[0008] Further, each partition includes: a first plate end and a second plate end disposed opposite to each other, the first plate end is disposed closer to the spraying assembly than the second plate end; a guiding end surface is disposed on the first plate end, and the guiding end surface is inclined toward the middle direction of the partition.

[0009] Further, the partition plate further includes a first plate surface and a second plate surface that are oppositely arranged. The flow guiding end surface includes a first flow guiding surface and a second flow guiding surface. The first flow guiding surface is inclined in the direction towards the first plate surface, and the second flow guiding surface is inclined in the direction towards the second plate surface. A predetermined included angle is provided between the first flow guiding surface and the second flow guiding surface.

[0010] Further, the spraying assembly includes a liquid inlet main pipe; a plurality of spraying branch pipes, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of reaction chambers, and each spraying branch pipe is communicated with the liquid inlet main pipe; a first control valve is arranged at the liquid inlet of each spraying branch pipe, and the on-off between each spraying branch pipe and the liquid inlet main pipe is controlled by the first control valve.

[0011] Further, each spraying branch pipe extends along the radial direction of the tower body, and a plurality of nozzles are respectively arranged on each spraying branch pipe.

[0012] Further, the absorption tower structure further includes a packing assembly, which is arranged in the reaction chamber. The packing assembly is in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of packing assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple reaction chambers; a confluence chamber is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and each reaction chamber is respectively communicated with the confluence chamber, and the reaction waste liquid in each reaction chamber converges into the confluence chamber and then is discharged.

[0013] Further, there are two reaction chambers, and the area ratio of the two reaction chambers along the radial cross-section of the tower body is 1:2; or, there are three reaction chambers, and the area ratio of the three reaction chambers along the radial cross-section of the tower body is 1:1.2:1.5.

[0014] Further, the absorption tower structure further includes a second control valve, which is arranged in the air inlet passage, and the on-off of the air inlet passage is controlled by the second control valve; there are multiple second control valves, and the multiple second control valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air inlet passages.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon capture system, which includes an absorption tower structure, and the absorption tower structure is the above-mentioned absorption tower structure.

[0016] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, the absorption tower structure includes a tower body, a plurality of reaction chambers, a plurality of air inlet passages and a spraying assembly. Each reaction chamber is arranged in the tower body and extends along the length direction of the tower body. The plurality of reaction chambers are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the tower body, and the cross-sectional areas of the cross-sections of each reaction chamber along the radial direction of the tower body are proportionally arranged; the plurality of air inlet passages are communicated with the plurality of reaction chambers in one-to-one correspondence; the spraying assembly is arranged above each reaction chamber, and the spraying assembly includes a plurality of nozzles, and each reaction chamber faces at least one nozzle among the plurality of nozzles. Such a setting can select a reaction chamber with a corresponding cross-sectional area according to the actual flow rate of the flue gas, perform carbon dioxide absorption operation in the reaction chamber with a size matching the flue gas flow rate, improve the uniformity of gas-liquid mixing, and avoid waste of the reaction liquid. Description of the Drawings

[0017] The accompanying drawings of the specification, which form a part of the present application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A top view of a first embodiment of an absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A top view of a second embodiment of an absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a partition of an absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a partition of an absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown.

[0023] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0024] 1, tower body; 2, reaction chamber; 3, intake passage; 4, spraying assembly; 40, nozzle; 5, partition; 51, first plate end; 52, second plate end; 510, diversion end face; 53, first plate surface; 54, second plate surface; 5101, first diversion surface; 5102, second diversion surface; 41, liquid inlet main pipe; 42, spraying branch pipe; 420, first control valve; 6, packing assembly; 7, confluence chamber; 8, second control valve. Detailed embodiments

[0025] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0026] As mentioned in the background technology, most absorption towers in the prior art are large in size, and the full flow of flue gas passes through the tower body. When the flow of flue gas is small, the diffusion rate in the tower body is slow, which reduces the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency and does not match the flow of the sprayed reaction liquid, resulting in uneven gas-liquid distribution and waste of reaction liquid. In order to solve the above technical problems, the absorption tower structure provided by the present invention is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers 2 in the tower body 1, each reaction chamber 2 extends along the length direction of the tower body 1, and the plurality of reaction chambers 2 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​each reaction chamber 2 along the radial direction of the tower body 1 is arranged proportionally, and at the same time, a plurality of air inlet channels 3 are arranged, and each air inlet channel 3 is connected to each reaction chamber 2 in a one-to-one correspondence, and during actual use, the corresponding air inlet channel 3 can be controlled to be connected according to the actual flue gas flow rate, and further, each reaction chamber 2 is opposite to at least one of the plurality of nozzles 40, so that the reaction chamber 2 matching the flue gas flow rate can be selected to perform the carbon dioxide absorption operation, and at the same time, the corresponding nozzle 40 can be controlled to open, which can not only ensure the flow rate of the flue gas, but also improve the uniformity of the gas-liquid mixing, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the tower.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides an absorption tower structure, comprising: a tower body 1; a plurality of reaction chambers 2, each of which is arranged in the tower body 1 and extends along the length direction of the tower body 1, the plurality of reaction chambers 2 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​each reaction chamber 2 along the radial direction of the tower body 1 is arranged proportionally; a plurality of air inlet channels 3, the plurality of air inlet channels 3 are connected to the plurality of reaction chambers 2 in a one-to-one correspondence; a spray assembly 4, which is arranged above each reaction chamber 2, the spray assembly 4 comprises a plurality of spray heads 40, and each reaction chamber 2 is opposite to at least one of the plurality of spray heads 40.

[0028] The absorption tower structure provided by the present invention comprises a tower body 1, a plurality of reaction chambers 2, a plurality of air inlet channels 3 and a spray assembly 4, each reaction chamber 2 is arranged in the tower body 1 and extends along the length direction of the tower body 1, the plurality of reaction chambers 2 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​each reaction chamber 2 along the radial direction of the tower body 1 is arranged in proportion; the plurality of air inlet channels 3 are connected to the plurality of reaction chambers 2 in a one-to-one correspondence; the spray assembly 4 is arranged above each reaction chamber 2, the spray assembly 4 comprises a plurality of nozzles 40, and each reaction chamber 2 is opposite to at least one nozzle 40 of the plurality of nozzles 40. Such an arrangement can select a reaction chamber 2 of a corresponding cross-sectional area according to the actual flow rate of flue gas, and perform a carbon dioxide absorption operation in a reaction chamber 2 whose size matches the flue gas flow rate, thereby improving the uniformity of gas-liquid mixing and avoiding waste of reaction liquid.

[0029] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3As shown, the absorption tower structure further includes: a plurality of partition plates 5, each partition plate 5 is arranged inside the tower body 1 and extends along the length direction of the tower body 1, the partition plate 5 is connected to the inner wall surface of the tower body 1, and the plurality of partition plates 5 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. At least part of each reaction chamber 2 is located between two adjacent partition plates 5 and the inner wall surface of the tower body 1. The structure set in this way is simple and easy to implement. The internal space of the tower body 1 is separated by the partition plates 5 to form a plurality of reaction chambers 2.

[0030] During the specific implementation process, as Figure 4 shown, in one embodiment, each partition plate 5 includes: a first plate end 51 and a second plate end 52 arranged oppositely, the first plate end 51 is arranged closer to the spraying assembly 4 than the second plate end 52; a guiding end surface 510 is arranged on the first plate end 51, and the guiding end surface 510 is inclined towards the middle direction of the partition plate 5. This is set so that when the spraying assembly 4 sprays the reaction liquid downward, the reaction liquid can flow along the guiding end surface 510 into the reaction chamber 2, thereby avoiding the reaction liquid from gathering on the top surface of the partition plate 5.

[0031] In another embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, the partition plate 5 further includes a first plate surface 53 and a second plate surface 54 arranged oppositely. The guiding end surface 510 includes: a first guiding surface 5101 and a second guiding surface 5102, the first guiding surface 5101 is inclined towards the direction of the first plate surface 53, the second guiding surface 5102 is inclined towards the direction of the second plate surface 54, and a predetermined included angle is formed between the first guiding surface 5101 and the second guiding surface 5102. This setting enables the reaction liquid to flow into the corresponding reaction chamber 2 along the first guiding surface 5101 and the second guiding surface 5102 respectively, thereby avoiding the reaction liquid from gathering on the top surface of the partition plate 5.

[0032] During the specific implementation process, as Figure 1 shown, the spraying assembly 4 includes: a liquid inlet main pipe 41; a plurality of spraying branch pipes 42, the plurality of spraying branch pipes 42 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of reaction chambers 2, and each spraying branch pipe 42 is communicated with the liquid inlet main pipe 41; a first control valve 420 is arranged at the liquid inlet of each spraying branch pipe 42, and the on-off between each spraying branch pipe 42 and the liquid inlet main pipe 41 is controlled by the first control valve 420. With this setting, by arranging each spraying branch pipe 42 in one-to-one correspondence with each reaction chamber 2 and controlling the on-off of each spraying branch pipe 42 through the first control valve 420, the spraying branch pipe 42 can be respectively opened to spray the reaction liquid into the corresponding reaction chamber 2 for the flue gas, thereby avoiding the problem of waste of the reaction liquid.

[0033] In order to improve the uniformity of gas-liquid mixing, each spraying branch pipe 42 extends along the radial direction of the tower body 1, and a plurality of nozzles 40 are respectively arranged on each spraying branch pipe 42.

[0034] Furthermore, the absorption tower structure further includes: a packing assembly 6 disposed in the reaction chamber 2. There are multiple groups of the packing assemblies 6, and the multiple groups of packing assemblies 6 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple reaction chambers 2; a confluence chamber 7 disposed at the bottom of the tower body 1. Each reaction chamber 2 is respectively communicated with the confluence chamber 7, and the reaction waste liquid in each reaction chamber 2 converges into the confluence chamber 7 and then is discharged. After the flue gas reacts chemically with the reaction liquid, the generated waste liquid automatically falls into the confluence chamber 7 at the bottom of the tower body 1, and after the waste liquid is collected in the confluence chamber 7, it is discharged from the tower body 1.

[0035] Preferably, there are two reaction chambers 2, and the area ratio of the two reaction chambers 2 along the radial cross-section of the tower body 1 is 1:2; or, there are three reaction chambers 2, and the area ratio of the three reaction chambers 2 along the radial cross-section of the tower body 1 is 1:1.2:1.5. Among them, the number of reaction chambers 2 can be set according to actual needs.

[0036] To facilitate the control of the opening and closing of each intake channel 3, the absorption tower structure further includes: a second control valve 8 disposed in the intake channel 3, and the opening and closing of the intake channel 3 is controlled by the second control valve 8; there are multiple second control valves 8, and the multiple second control valves 8 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple intake channels 3.

[0037] The absorption tower structure of the present invention realizes the automatic adjustment of the processing capacity of the tower device, optimizes the gas-liquid distribution, improves the processing efficiency and energy efficiency, and at the same time reduces the maintenance cost. This tower device retrofit design can meet the requirements of modern industry for the flexibility, high efficiency and economy of flue gas treatment equipment. In addition, the absorption tower structure of the present invention has strong adaptability: the tower device can adapt to different flue gas volumes, automatically adjust the processing capacity, and improve the processing efficiency. Simple operation: The intelligent control system simplifies the operation process, reduces manual intervention, and controls the corresponding reaction chamber 2 to work by remotely controlling the first control valve and the second control valve. Energy-saving and efficient: The optimized gas-liquid distribution reduces energy consumption and improves the energy efficiency of the tower device. Low maintenance cost: The modular design and the structure that is easy to maintain reduce the maintenance difficulty and cost.

[0038] The present invention also provides a carbon capture system, including an absorption tower structure, and the absorption tower structure is the absorption tower structure of the above embodiment.

[0039] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0040] According to the absorption tower structure provided by the present invention, it includes a tower body 1, a plurality of reaction chambers 2, a plurality of air inlet channels 3 and a spraying assembly 4. Each reaction chamber 2 is arranged in the tower body 1 and extends along the length direction of the tower body 1. The plurality of reaction chambers 2 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. The cross-sectional areas of the cross-sections of each reaction chamber 2 along the radial direction of the tower body 1 are set in proportion; the plurality of air inlet channels 3 are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the plurality of reaction chambers 2; the spraying assembly 4 is arranged above each reaction chamber 2. The spraying assembly 4 includes a plurality of nozzles 40, and each reaction chamber 2 faces at least one nozzle 40 among the plurality of nozzles 40. Such a setting can select the reaction chamber 2 with a corresponding cross-sectional area according to the actual flow rate of the flue gas, perform carbon dioxide absorption operation in the reaction chamber 2 whose size matches the flue gas flow rate, improve the uniformity of gas-liquid mixing, and avoid waste of the reaction liquid.

[0041] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An absorption tower structure, characterized in that, Comprising: Tower body (1); A plurality of reaction chambers (2), each of the reaction chambers (2) is arranged inside the tower body (1) and extends along the length direction of the tower body (1), the plurality of reaction chambers (2) are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body (1), and the cross-sectional areas of the cross-sections of each of the reaction chambers (2) along the radial direction of the tower body (1) are set in proportion; A plurality of air inlet channels (3), the plurality of air inlet channels (3) are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the plurality of reaction chambers (2); A spray assembly (4), arranged above each of the reaction chambers (2), the spray assembly (4) includes a plurality of nozzles (40), and each of the reaction chambers (2) is opposite to at least one of the plurality of nozzles (40).

2. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption tower structure further includes: A plurality of partition plates (5), each of the partition plates (5) is arranged inside the tower body (1) and extends along the length direction of the tower body (1), the partition plates (5) are connected to the inner wall surface of the tower body (1), the plurality of partition plates (5) are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body (1), and at least a part of each of the reaction chambers (2) is located between two adjacent partition plates (5) and the inner wall surface of the tower body (1).

3. The absorption tower structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the partition plates (5) includes: A first plate end (51) and a second plate end (52) arranged oppositely, and the first plate end (51) is arranged closer to the spray assembly (4) than the second plate end (52); A flow guiding end face (510) is arranged on the first plate end (51), and the flow guiding end face (510) is inclined towards the middle direction of the partition plate (5).

4. The absorption tower structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The partition plate (5) further includes a first plate surface (53) and a second plate surface (54) arranged oppositely, and the flow guiding end face (510) includes: A first flow guiding surface (5101) and a second flow guiding surface (5102), the first flow guiding surface (5101) is inclined towards the direction of the first plate surface (53), the second flow guiding surface (5102) is inclined towards the direction of the second plate surface (54), and a predetermined angle is formed between the first flow guiding surface (5101) and the second flow guiding surface (5102).

5. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray assembly (4) includes: A liquid inlet main pipe (41); A plurality of spray branch pipes (42), the plurality of spray branch pipes (42) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of reaction chambers (2), and each of the spray branch pipes (42) is communicated with the liquid inlet main pipe (41); A first control valve (420) is arranged at the liquid inlet of each of the spray branch pipes (42), and the on-off between each of the spray branch pipes (42) and the liquid inlet main pipe (41) is controlled by the first control valve (420).

6. The absorption tower structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the spray branch pipes (42) extends along the radial direction of the tower body (1), and a plurality of nozzles (40) are respectively arranged on each of the spray branch pipes (42).

7. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower structure further includes: A packing assembly (6), arranged inside the reaction chamber (2), the packing assembly (6) is in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of packing assemblies (6) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of reaction chambers (2); The confluence chamber (7) is arranged at the bottom of the tower body (1), and each reaction chamber (2) is respectively communicated with the confluence chamber (7). The reaction waste liquid in each reaction chamber (2) is confluent into the confluence chamber (7) and then discharged.

8. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two reaction chambers (2), and the area ratio of the two reaction chambers (2) along the radial section of the tower body (1) is 1:2; or, There are three reaction chambers (2), and the area ratio of the three reaction chambers (2) along the radial section of the tower body (1) is 1:1.2:1.

5.

9. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption tower structure further includes: The second control valve (8) is arranged in the air inlet channel (3), and the on-off of the air inlet channel (3) is controlled by the second control valve (8); There are multiple second control valves (8), and the multiple second control valves (8) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air inlet channels (3).

10. A carbon capture system, comprising an absorption tower structure, characterized in that, The absorption tower structure is the absorption tower structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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