Solar shutter system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar shutter system, which comprises a composite blade, which is composed of an outer layer transparent photovoltaic film and an inner layer phase change energy storage material and is used for realizing photoelectric conversion and heat energy storage; the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a gear transmission system, is connected with the composite blade and is used for adjusting the opening and closing angle of the composite blade; the illumination sensor is installed on the sun shield and used for collecting environment illumination intensity data in real time; the intelligent control module comprises a central controller and a micro MCU, the central controller is used for receiving the illumination intensity data and generating a blade angle adjusting instruction, and the micro MCU is used for controlling the driving mechanism to act according to the adjusting instruction; and the energy storage unit comprises a super capacitor brick and a lithium battery pack and is used for storing the electric energy generated by the transparent photovoltaic film. The system is suitable for energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings and energy management of green buildings, and has the advantages of being self-powered, intelligent, efficient, energy-saving and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation and distributed energy, and particularly to a solar louver system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] 1. Comparative document CN 108561060 A discloses a modular photovoltaic energy storage louver, including photovoltaic solar panels that form the louver grid, a louver side ladder belt for manually adjusting the angle of the solar panels, a main ladder belt for connecting and fixing the louver grids, a positive lead wire and a negative lead wire respectively connected in series to the positive contact surface and the negative contact surface of the battery panel and connected to an energy storage battery fixed on the upper part of the louver, and a detachable hanging plate at the top of the device. The energy storage battery has a reserved slot, and the hanging plate is an aluminum alloy plate. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of being light, flexible, modular, and integrated with power generation and energy storage. However, this solution only uses traditional photovoltaic cells or ordinary energy storage batteries, and there is a problem of low photovoltaic efficiency. Traditional louvers use crystalline silicon cells, with a conversion efficiency of only 15 - 18%, and the measured average daily power generation is only 0.7 kWh / m².

[0003] 2. Comparative document CN112302508A discloses a photovoltaic energy storage louver, including a window frame, blades, a charge and discharge controller, a storage battery, and a blade angle adjustment device. Multiple solar panels are arranged inside the blades. The solar panels are connected to the storage battery through the charge and discharge controller, and the blades are connected to the blade angle adjustment device; the blade angle adjustment device includes an adjustment member, a transmission member, and a connection member. One end of each blade is provided with a connection member, the connection member is connected to the transmission member, a convex block is arranged on the transmission member, and the convex block is connected to the adjustment member. When the adjustment member rotates, the convex block drives the transmission member to move along the elongation direction of the transmission member. The photovoltaic energy storage louver of the present invention can be used as a decoration for homes or offices, and at the same time can use solar energy, a clean energy source, for energy storage, which is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental improvement. However, the control is a simple mechanical control, without combining a dynamic optimization algorithm for blade angles, and it is difficult to achieve multi-window coordinated control and other problems.

[0004] In addition, traditional photovoltaic louvers also lack effective energy storage and energy management strategies, cannot make full use of solar energy resources, and are difficult to meet the requirements of different building structures.

[0005] Therefore, a solar louver system and a control method thereof are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a solar louver system for the above problems, including: A composite blade, which is composed of an outer transparent photovoltaic film and an inner phase change energy storage material, and is used to achieve photoelectric conversion and heat energy storage; A drive mechanism, which includes a drive motor and a gear transmission system, is connected to the composite blade and is used to adjust the opening and closing angle of the composite blade; A light sensor, which is installed on the sunshade and is used to collect ambient light intensity data in real time; An intelligent control module, which includes a central controller and a micro MCU. The central controller is used to receive the light intensity data and generate a composite blade angle adjustment instruction, and the micro MCU is used to control the drive mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction; An energy storage unit, which includes supercapacitor bricks and a lithium battery pack, is used to store the electric energy generated by the transparent photovoltaic thin film.

[0007] Preferably, the transparent photovoltaic thin film uses a flexible perovskite material, with a thickness of 0.25±0.02mm, a conversion efficiency of ≥25%, and is encapsulated in an ETFE transparent fluorinated film.

[0008] Preferably, the phase change energy storage material is a paraffin / expanded graphite composite phase change material, with a phase change temperature of 27±0.5°C and a latent heat value of 190±5J / g, and is filled in the honeycomb pores of the blade skeleton layer.

[0009] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor and a gear transmission system. The drive motor is connected to the micro MCU through a motor drive chip. The motor drive chip is arranged near the micro MCU and is connected to the PWM and GPIO pins of the micro MCU through short-distance PCB traces.

[0010] Preferably, the supercapacitor bricks in the energy storage unit are graphene composite supercapacitor bricks, with a single-block capacity of 10kWh, a charge and discharge efficiency of ≥95%, and a cycle life of >50000 times, and are installed in the building exterior wall insulation layer; the lithium battery pack is a polymer lithium-ion battery, and the discharge cut-off voltage is set at about 3V.

[0011] Preferably, the system can be modularly designed according to different window frame structures, manufacture blades of different lengths and change the number of blades, and is suitable for the renovation of old buildings.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also discloses a control method for a solar louver system, including the following steps: Step 1: Collect ambient light intensity data in real time through the light sensor; Step 2: Calculate the target angle of the composite blade using a dynamic optimization algorithm according to the collected light intensity data; Step 3: The central controller generates a composite blade angle adjustment instruction according to the target angle; Step 4: The micro MCU controls the driving mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction and adjusts the angle of the composite blade; Step 5: According to the real-time light intensity and load conditions, intelligently allocate the energy storage and release strategies.

[0013] Furthermore, the goal of the dynamic optimization algorithm in Step 2 is to maximize the solar energy absorption efficiency and minimize the energy consumption of angle adjustment. Its mathematical expression is: ; where P n is the power generation power under the current light, P m is the maximum power generation power, is the angle change.

[0014] Furthermore, Step 5 includes two processes: energy storage and energy release: Energy storage process: Give priority to directly supplying the load. If there is no load, give priority to charging the lithium battery at night, and select the charging method according to the change range of solar radiation intensity during the day; Energy release process: Select the discharge method according to the current change rate. When the current change rate suddenly rises, give priority to using the graphene supercapacitor brick for discharge, and use the lithium battery for discharge during the stable period.

[0015] Furthermore, in Step 3, the angle adjustment of the composite blade adopts the PID control algorithm, and the PID parameters are adaptively adjusted by the gradient descent method. Each 1% duty cycle corresponds to a 0.1° rotation of the motor shaft.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The flexible perovskite photovoltaic thin film adopted in the present invention achieves a photoelectric conversion efficiency of ≥25%, increasing the power generation compared with traditional crystalline silicon cells; 2. The paraffin and expanded graphite composite phase change material used in the present invention realizes two-way thermal regulation, reducing the heating energy consumption in winter and the air-conditioning load in summer; 3. Based on the dynamic optimization algorithm of PID control and gradient descent method, the present invention realizes real-time and precise adjustment of the blade angle (accuracy ±0.1°), maximizes the power generation efficiency and reduces the adjustment energy consumption through a mathematical model; 4. The dual-mode energy storage system adopted in the present invention realizes the coordination of transient energy buffering and long-term storage, greatly extending the service life of the energy storage system; 5. The modular adjustable architecture adopted in the present invention adapts to the existing building window frames, supports rapid disassembly and standardized construction, greatly shortening the construction period and reducing the maintenance cost; 6. The graphene supercapacitor brick in the present invention is embedded in the exterior wall insulation layer, realizing the integration of energy storage and building structure and saving indoor space; 7. The present invention can still ensure continuous power supply under extreme weather conditions, significantly improving the building's energy independence and emergency support capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a sectional structure diagram of the composite blade in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the overall system of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local installation of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a working flow chart of the present invention; Figure 6 It is an energy release logic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 It is an energy storage logic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a dynamic algorithm flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments: Refer to Figures 1 to 8 , a solar louver system, comprising: a composite blade 1, which is composed of an outer transparent photovoltaic film 101 and an inner phase change energy storage material 102, and is used to realize photoelectric conversion and heat energy storage; a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor 4 and a gear transmission system 103, which is connected to the composite blade 1 and is used to adjust the opening and closing angle of the blade; a light sensor 3, which is installed on the sunshade 2 and is used to collect ambient light intensity data in real time; an intelligent control module, which includes a central controller 5 and a micro MCU 6, the central controller 5 is used to receive the light intensity data and generate a blade angle adjustment instruction, and the micro MCU 6 is used to control the driving mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction; an energy storage unit, which includes a supercapacitor brick 7 and a lithium battery pack 8, and is used to store the electric energy generated by the transparent photovoltaic film 101. The composite blade 1 can be mass-produced, and its specific production steps include: Step 1: Use a vacuum hot press to laminate the perovskite film to the carbon fiber skeleton (temperature 150 °C, pressure 5 MPa, time 10 minutes).

[0019] Step 2: Vacuum inject the phase change material into the honeycomb structure at 45 °C in a liquid state and cool it to 20 °C for curing.

[0020] Step 3: Use conductive silver glue (model EPOTEK H20E) to weld the piezoelectric sheet to the edge of the blade.

[0021] Through the collaborative work of the composite blade 1 structure, the intelligent control module, and the energy management module, this system realizes the efficient utilization of solar energy and building energy conservation. The composite blade 1 integrates a transparent photovoltaic thin film 101 and a phase change energy storage material 102, enabling simultaneous photovoltaic conversion and thermal energy storage; the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the blade angle based on real-time sunlight data to optimize the solar energy absorption efficiency; the energy management module adopts a dual energy storage system and intelligently allocates energy storage and release strategies according to different scenarios.

[0022] Preferably, the transparent photovoltaic thin film 101 is made of a flexible perovskite material, with a thickness of 0.25 ± 0.02 mm, a conversion efficiency of ≥ 25%, and is encapsulated in an ETFE transparent fluorinated film.

[0023] Preferably, the phase change energy storage material 102 is a composite phase change material of paraffin and expanded graphite, with a phase change temperature of 27 ± 0.5 °C and a latent heat value of 190 ± 5 J / g, and is filled in the honeycomb pores of the blade skeleton layer.

[0024] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor 4 and a gear transmission system 103. The driving motor 4 is connected to the micro MCU 6 through a motor driver chip. The motor driver chip is arranged near the micro MCU 6 and is connected to the PWM and GPIO pins of the micro MCU 6 through short-distance PCB traces.

[0025] Preferably, the supercapacitor brick 7 in the energy storage unit is a graphene composite supercapacitor brick, with a single-block capacity of 10 kWh, a charge-discharge efficiency of ≥ 95%, and a cycle life of > 50000 times, and is installed in the building exterior wall insulation layer; the lithium battery pack 8 is a polymer lithium-ion battery, and the discharge cut-off voltage is set at about 3V.

[0026] Preferably, the system can be modularly designed according to different window frame structures, manufacturing composite blades 1 of different lengths and changing the quantity, which is suitable for the renovation of old buildings.

[0027] Additionally, the present invention also discloses a control method for a solar louver system, including the following steps: Step 1: Real-time collect ambient sunlight intensity data through the sunlight sensor 3; Step 2: Calculate the target angle of the composite blade 1 using a dynamic optimization algorithm based on the collected sunlight intensity data; Step 3: The central controller 5 generates an angle adjustment instruction for the composite blade 1 according to the target angle; Step 4: The micro MCU 6 controls the driving mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction to adjust the angle of the composite blade 1; Step 5: Intelligently allocate energy storage and release strategies according to the real-time sunlight intensity and load conditions.

[0028] Furthermore, the goal of the dynamic optimization algorithm in step 2 is to maximize the solar energy absorption efficiency and minimize the angle adjustment energy consumption, and its mathematical expression is: ; where P n is the power generation power under the current illumination, and P m is the maximum power generation power, is the angle change amount.

[0029] Furthermore, step 5 includes two processes: energy storage and energy release: Energy storage process: Give priority to direct supply to the load. If there is no load, give priority to charging the lithium battery at night, and select the charging method according to the change range of solar radiation intensity during the day; Energy release process: Select the discharge method according to the current change rate. When the current change rate rises suddenly, give priority to using the supercapacitor brick to discharge, and use the lithium battery to discharge during the stable period.

[0030] Furthermore, for the angle adjustment of the composite blade 1 in step 3, the PID control algorithm is adopted, and the PID parameters are adaptively adjusted by the gradient descent method. Each 1% duty cycle corresponds to a 0.1° rotation of the motor shaft.

[0031] The specific optimization method for the parameters of the dynamic optimization algorithm is as follows: Initialization: Set the initial PID parameters (K p = 0.8, K i = 0.2, K d = 0.1), where K p is the proportional coefficient for controlling the response speed, K i is the integral coefficient for eliminating the steady-state error, and K d is the differential coefficient for suppressing overshoot; Collect the current illumination intensity L t through the illumination sensor 3, and calculate the target angle , where L max is the set maximum illumination intensity, and L t is the current illumination intensity; Calculate the angle error , is the current angle value, is the target angle value; Update the parameters using the gradient descent method in PID, and the calculation expression is as follows: ; Calculate the duty cycle D, and the calculation expression is as follows: ; After the composite blade 1 rotates, the newly generated error value will be used to re-obtain new parameter values by the gradient descent method to reach the target angle.

[0032] Performance testing was carried out on the system, and the results are as follows: 1. Comparison of power generation efficiency (test standard: GB / T 6495.3) Table 1 Comparison of power generation efficiency under various weather conditions

[0033] 2. Temperature control effect: The air-conditioning energy consumption in summer is reduced by 18.7% The heating demand in winter is reduced by 12.3% (the phase change material releases heat at night) Example 1: Sunny day operation mode Light data collection: The light sensor 3 detects that the outdoor light intensity is 100000 lx; Target angle calculation: The central controller 5 calculates the target angle according to the dynamic optimization algorithm = 90°; Angle adjustment: The micro MCU 6 controls the driving motor 4 to act, adjusts the blade angle to 90°, makes the transparent photovoltaic thin film 101 perpendicular to the sun's rays, and maximizes the power generation efficiency.

[0034] Energy management: The photovoltaic power generation is preferentially directly supplied to the indoor load, and the remaining energy is stored in the lithium battery pack 8 (SOC < 90%), and the super capacitor brick is in a standby state.

[0035] Example 2: Cloudy day operation mode Light data collection: The light sensor 3 detects that the outdoor light intensity is 10000 lx; Target angle calculation: The central controller 5 calculates the target angle = approximately 5.74°; Angle adjustment: The micro MCU 6 controls the driving motor 4 to adjust the blade angle to 5.74° to obtain the maximum scattered light; Energy management: The photovoltaic power generation is low, and the lithium battery pack 8 in the energy storage unit starts to discharge to maintain the operation of the system, and the super capacitor brick 7 remains in a charging state.

[0036] Example 3: Night operation mode Light data collection: The light intensity is 0 lx; Angle adjustment: The composite blade 1 maintains the angle adjusted at the last time during the day; Energy management: The phase change material releases the thermal energy stored during the day to assist in building heating; the energy storage unit detects the SOC of the lithium battery. If SOC < 90%, it preferentially charges the lithium battery, and the super capacitor brick is in a standby state.

[0037] Example 4: Treatment of Motor Starting Impact Scenario: When the drive motor 4 starts, the current change rate suddenly rises to 150 A / s; Energy Management: When the system detects a sudden rise in the current change rate, it preferentially discharges the supercapacitor brick 7 to provide an instantaneous large current to ensure the smooth start of the motor; after the motor runs stably, it switches to the lithium battery pack 8 for power supply.

[0038] Example 5: Application in the Renovation of Old Buildings Scenario: A certain old building needs to install a solar louver system, but the window frame structure is irregular; Modular Design: According to the size of the window frame, composite blades 1 of different lengths are customized, and the number of composite blades 1 is adjusted. The composite blades 1 are installed on the window frame through an adjustable connection structure to ensure that the system adapts to the structure of the old building.

[0039] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar blind system, characterized in that, Including: A composite blade, which is composed of an outer transparent photovoltaic thin film and an inner phase change energy storage material, and is used to realize photoelectric conversion and heat energy storage; A driving mechanism, including a driving motor and a gear transmission system, is connected to the composite blade and is used to adjust the opening and closing angle of the composite blade; A light sensor, which is installed on the sunshade and is used to collect ambient light intensity data in real time; An intelligent control module, including a central controller and a micro MCU. The central controller is used to receive the light intensity data and generate a blade angle adjustment instruction, and the micro MCU is used to control the driving mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction; An energy storage unit, including a graphene composite supercapacitor brick and a lithium battery pack, is used to store the electric energy generated by the transparent photovoltaic thin film.

2. The solar blind system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent photovoltaic thin film uses a flexible perovskite material, with a thickness of 0.25±0.02mm, a conversion efficiency of ≥25%, and is encapsulated in an ETFE transparent fluorinated film.

3. The solar blind system according to claim 1, wherein The phase change energy storage material is a paraffin and expanded graphite composite phase change material, with a phase change temperature of 27±0.5°C and a latent heat value of 190±5J / g, and is filled in the honeycomb pores of the blade skeleton layer.

4. A solar blind system according to claim 1, characterized in that The driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a gear transmission system. The driving motor is connected to the micro MCU through a motor driving chip. The motor driving chip is arranged near the micro MCU and is connected to the PWM and GPIO pins of the micro MCU through short-distance PCB traces.

5. A solar blind system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphene composite supercapacitor brick in the energy storage unit has a single-block capacity of 10kWh, a charge-discharge efficiency of ≥95%, and a cycle life of >50000 times, and is installed in the building exterior wall insulation layer; the lithium battery pack is a polymer lithium-ion battery, and the discharge cut-off voltage is set at about 3V.

6. The solar louver system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system can be modularly designed according to different window frame structures, manufacture composite blades of different lengths and change the number of composite blades, and is suitable for the renovation of old buildings.

7. A control method for a solar blind system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1: Collect ambient light intensity data in real time through a light sensor; Step 2: Calculate the target angle of the composite blade using a dynamic optimization algorithm based on the collected light intensity data; Step 3: The central controller generates a composite blade angle adjustment instruction according to the target angle; Step 4: The micro MCU controls the driving mechanism to act according to the adjustment instruction and adjusts the composite blade angle; Step 5: Intelligent allocation of energy storage and release strategies according to the real-time light intensity and load conditions.

8. A control method for a solar blind system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The goal of the dynamic optimization algorithm in Step 2 is to maximize the solar energy absorption efficiency and minimize the energy consumption of angle adjustment. Its mathematical expression is: ； Among which P n is the power generation power under the current light, and P m is the maximum power generation power, is the angle change amount.

9. The control method of a solar blind system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 5 includes two processes: energy storage and energy release: Energy storage process: Give priority to directly supplying the load. If there is no load, give priority to charging the lithium battery at night, and select the charging method according to the change range of solar radiation intensity during the day; Energy release process: Select the discharge method according to the current change rate. When the current change rate suddenly rises, give priority to using the graphene composite supercapacitor brick to discharge, and use the lithium battery to discharge during the stable period.

10. The control method of a solar blind system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the third step, the compound blade angle adjustment adopts the PID control algorithm, and the PID parameters are adaptively adjusted by the gradient descent method. Each 1% duty cycle corresponds to a 0.1° rotation of the motor shaft.

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