Energy system with nuclear energy as base load and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear energy comprehensive utilization, and discloses an energy system with nuclear energy as base load and a control method.The system comprises a nuclear power secondary loop system, a renewable energy system, an energy storage system, a steam supply system, a seawater desalination system, a hydrogen production system, a heating system and a refrigeration system; the heat of the reactor core enters the steam generator to generate main steam; the photovoltaic module and the wind turbine generator set carry out renewable energy power generation; a storage battery is used for storing renewable energy electric power, and a molten salt heat storage system is used for storing heat energy; the steam supply heat exchanger is used for heating fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam; the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system generate fresh water; the electrolytic bath generates hydrogen and oxygen; the heating system and the refrigerating system are used for refrigerating in summer and heating in winter, and nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy and the like are coupled and utilized in a stepped mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, and particularly to an energy system and a control method with nuclear energy as the base load. Background Art

[0002] How to reduce the proportion of fossil energy and increase the proportion of renewable energy has become the key direction of China's energy transformation. Traditional energy systems are often limited to a single energy form and cannot achieve efficient energy utilization and renewable energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an energy system and a control method with nuclear energy as the base load to solve the problem that traditional energy systems are often limited to a single energy form and cannot achieve efficient energy utilization and renewable energy consumption.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load, which includes: a secondary nuclear power system, a renewable energy system, an energy storage system, a steam supply system, a seawater desalination system, a hydrogen production system, a heating system, and a refrigeration system. Among them,

[0005] The secondary nuclear power system includes a reactor core, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a condenser, and a generator. The steam turbine converts the internal energy of the steam into the mechanical energy of the rotor, which is converted into electrical energy by the generator and transmitted to the power grid. The heat of the reactor core enters the steam generator to generate main steam to meet the heat demand of the energy system;

[0006] The renewable energy system includes photovoltaic modules and wind turbines, which generate renewable energy for the energy system to utilize renewable energy electricity;

[0007] The energy storage system includes a storage battery and a molten salt thermal energy storage system. The storage battery is used to store renewable energy electricity, and the molten salt thermal energy storage system uses the surplus extraction steam after meeting the load demand to store thermal energy;

[0008] The steam supply system includes a steam supply heat exchanger, which heats the main steam. The steam releases energy and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser. The steam supply heat exchanger heats the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam and transports it to users;

[0009] The seawater desalination system includes a low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and a reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system, which are used to produce fresh water and transport it to users;

[0010] The hydrogen production system includes an electrolyzer, which is used to produce hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users;

[0011] The heating system and the refrigeration system are used for heating in winter and refrigeration in summer.

[0012] Through the stepped utilization of the coupling among nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, and energy storage in the secondary nuclear power circuit system, renewable energy system, and energy storage system, the present invention realizes the full consumption of renewable resources. Through the steam supply system, seawater desalination system, hydrogen production system, heating system, and refrigeration system, seawater desalination, heating, steam supply, refrigeration are carried out, hydrogen is provided, and the extraction waste heat of the nuclear energy unit is utilized. Combining nuclear energy comprehensive utilization technology, it collaborates with the supply of multiple energies such as electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the secondary nuclear power circuit system further includes high and low pressure heaters. The main steam generated when the heat of the reactor core enters the steam generator becomes exhausted steam after doing work and enters the condenser to be cooled into condensate. The high and low pressure heaters extract steam to heat the condensate, which then enters the steam generator for steam-water circulation.

[0014] Through the coordinated operation of the reactor core, steam generator, high and low pressure heaters, and condenser in the secondary nuclear power circuit system of the present invention, the effective conversion from the heat energy of the reactor core to electric energy is realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the molten salt heat storage system in the energy storage system includes a high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank and a low-temperature molten salt heat storage tank. The high-temperature molten salt energy storage tank stores the heat extracted from the main steam, and the heat extracted from the main steam is used for the steam supply system. The low-temperature molten salt heat storage tank stores the heat extracted from the secondary circuit, and the heat extracted from the secondary circuit is used for the seawater desalination system, heating system, and refrigeration system.

[0016] The present invention stores the heat extracted from the main steam in the high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank for the steam supply system, and stores the heat extracted from the secondary circuit in the low-temperature molten salt heat storage tank for the seawater desalination system, heating system, and refrigeration system to achieve multi-supply of steam, fresh water, cold, and heat, and improve the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, when the user's electricity load demand decreases, the extraction amount of the main steam is increased, and the heat of the main steam is stored in the high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank. When the demand of the steam supply user increases, the heat in the high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank is used for steam supply.

[0018] The present invention stores the heat of the main steam in the high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank to meet the steam supply demand of users.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system includes a seawater desalination heat exchanger, a flash tank, a multi-effect evaporation module, and a seawater heater. The low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system uses extraction steam, which returns to the condenser after heating seawater in the seawater desalination heat exchanger. The circulating water undergoes flash evaporation in the flash tank and becomes secondary steam, which enters the multi-effect evaporation module. The seawater heater heats the seawater and sends it into the flash tank for heating and evaporation. After multi-effect evaporation, fresh water is produced and transported to users.

[0020] Through the collaborative operation of the seawater desalination heat exchanger, flash tank, multi-effect evaporation module, and seawater heater in the low-temperature effective evaporation system of the present invention, fresh water is produced to meet the pure water demand for electrolytic hydrogen production and improve economic efficiency.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system includes a high-pressure pump and a reverse osmosis membrane. The reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system uses electricity to pressurize seawater through the high-pressure pump and send it into the reverse osmosis membrane to produce fresh water, which is then transported to users.

[0022] The present invention produces fresh water through the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system to meet the pure water demand for electrolytic hydrogen production and improve economic efficiency.

[0023] In an alternative embodiment, the extraction steam quantity required for the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system is calculated according to the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, is the required extraction steam quantity, with the unit of t / h, is the output fresh water quantity, with the unit of t / h, and α GOR is the water production ratio.

[0026] The present invention calculates the required extraction steam quantity for the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system according to the set fresh water quantity requirement, so as to facilitate the control of the extraction steam quantity.

[0027] In an alternative embodiment, the energy consumption of the high-pressure pump and the output fresh water production of the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system are calculated according to the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, is the high-pressure pump power, with the unit of kW, P f is the seawater pressure, with the unit of kPa, is the seawater volume flow rate, with the unit of m 3 / s, η pump is the high-pressure pump efficiency, RR is the water recovery ratio, is the fresh water mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s, is the seawater mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s.

[0030] The present invention calculates the energy consumption required by the high-pressure pump and the produced fresh water output, so as to facilitate the control of the energy consumption of the high-pressure pump and the fresh water output.

[0031] In an alternative embodiment, the electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell. A direct current is passed into the electrolytic cell, and the product water in the seawater desalination system is electrolyzed in the electrolytic cell. Hydrogen is generated at the cathode and oxygen is generated at the anode.

[0032] The present invention performs electrolysis through the electrolytic cell to supply hydrogen and oxygen to users.

[0033] In an alternative embodiment, the system further includes a coordinated control module, which coordinately controls the nuclear power secondary loop system, the renewable energy system, the energy storage system and each subsystem.

[0034] The present invention adjusts the source-side system through the coordinated control module, and coordinates the control of the nuclear power secondary loop system, the renewable energy system, the energy storage system and each subsystem, so as to maximize the energy utilization rate.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load, and the method includes:

[0036] Control the operation of the nuclear power secondary loop system, control the steam turbine in the nuclear power secondary loop system to perform steam internal energy conversion, control the generator in the nuclear power secondary loop system to perform electric energy conversion, and control the steam generator in the nuclear power secondary loop system to generate main steam to meet the heat demand of the energy system;

[0037] Manage the renewable energy system, control the photovoltaic modules and wind turbines in the renewable energy system to generate renewable energy electricity for the energy system to utilize renewable energy power;

[0038] Regulate the energy storage system, control the storage battery in the energy storage system to store renewable energy power, and control the molten salt heat storage system in the energy storage system to store heat energy using the excess extraction steam after meeting the load demand;

[0039] Manage the steam supply system, control the flow rate of the extraction steam entering the steam supply heat exchanger in the steam supply system to heat the main steam according to the steam load size. The steam releases energy and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser. Control the steam supply heat exchanger to heat the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam and conduct transportation;

[0040] Manage the seawater desalination system, control the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system in the seawater desalination system to produce fresh water according to the fresh water demand and conduct transportation;

[0041] Manage a hydrogen production system, control the output of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production system according to the change of the output of renewable energy, generate hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users;

[0042] Adjust the heating system and the refrigeration system, control the flow rate of the extracted steam entering the heating system and the refrigeration system according to the load size, and perform winter heating and summer refrigeration.

[0043] The present invention realizes the full consumption of renewable resources by controlling the stepped utilization of the coupling between the nuclear power secondary loop system, the renewable energy system, and the energy storage system using nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, and energy storage. Through the steam supply system, the seawater desalination system, the hydrogen production system, the heating system, and the refrigeration system, seawater desalination, heating, steam supply, refrigeration are carried out, hydrogen is provided, the extracted steam waste heat of the nuclear power unit is utilized, and combined with the comprehensive utilization technology of nuclear energy, the coordinated supply of multiple energies such as electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0044] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the control method of the energy system with nuclear energy as the base load in the second aspect above.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions are used to cause a computer to execute the control method of the energy system with nuclear energy as the base load in the second aspect above. Description of the Drawings

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow diagram of the control method of the energy system with nuclear energy as the base load according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Description of the Reference Numerals

[0051] 1. Reactor core; 2. Steam generator; 3. Steam turbine; 4. High and low pressure heaters; 5. Condenser; 6. Generator; 7. Photovoltaic module; 8. Wind turbine; 9. Battery; 10. High-temperature molten salt heat storage tank; 11. Low-temperature molten salt heat storage tank; 12. Steam supply heat exchanger; 13. Seawater desalination heat exchanger; 14. Flash tank; 15. Multi-effect evaporation module; 16. Seawater heater; 17. Electrolyzer; 18. Heating heat exchanger; 19. Generator; 20. Heat source heat exchanger; 21. Condenser; 22. Evaporator; 23. Cooling tower; 24. Absorber; 25. High-pressure pump; 26. Reverse osmosis membrane; 27. Power grid. Specific embodiments

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In the context of the power system reform, the development of technologies such as Internet information and clean energy in recent years, the integrated energy system with multi-energy coupling has become a new direction for the development of the energy industry.

[0054] The energy supply end of the integrated energy system adopts an energy form of multi-energy complementarity, usually including natural gas, diesel, biomass, solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy, water energy, etc. By organically integrating different types of energy at the energy supply end, it breaks through the traditional mode of independent design, planning, operation, and control of the cold, heat, electricity, and gas supply systems in society, realizes the mutual coupling and cascade utilization of energy, improves the energy utilization efficiency, and reduces the phenomena of abandoned wind, abandoned light, and abandoned water. At the energy consumption end, different energy supply systems such as electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen are optimized and coupled, and at the same time, the economy and the comfort of users are comprehensively considered to provide safe and reliable energy and promote the maximization of energy utilization.

[0055] Due to the characteristics of intermittency, volatility, and randomness of renewable energy such as photovoltaic and wind power, additional peak shaving devices need to be installed for baseload power generation based on this type of energy. Moreover, as its proportion in the power source structure continues to increase, the large-scale intermittent new energy is connected to the power system, making the consumption of renewable energy a current bottleneck. As an important part of non-fossil energy, nuclear energy has the advantages of stable output and large moment of inertia, and can participate in power grid peak shaving to maintain the safe and stable operation of the power grid, promote the absorption and consumption of new energy, and realize the coordinated development of nuclear power and other new energy sources.

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention provides an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load. The energy supply end includes modules such as nuclear energy, wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage. It can not only achieve the local consumption of renewable energy, but also combine nuclear energy comprehensive utilization technology, and can also coordinate the supply of multiple energies such as "electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen" to maximize the energy utilization efficiency.

[0057] An energy system with nuclear energy as the base load provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the "source side" includes a nuclear power secondary loop system, a renewable energy system, and an energy storage system, and the "user side" includes a steam supply system, a seawater desalination system, a hydrogen production system, a heating system, and a refrigeration system, which are used to provide users with electricity, steam, cold, heat, hydrogen, and fresh water demands.

[0058] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the nuclear power secondary loop system includes a reactor core 1, a steam generator 2, a steam turbine 3, high and low pressure heaters 4, a condenser 5, and a generator 6. The steam turbine 3 in the nuclear power secondary loop system converts the internal energy of the steam into the mechanical energy of the rotor, and further converts it into electrical energy through the generator 6 and transmits it to the power grid 27. The heat of the reactor core 1 enters the steam generator 2 to generate main steam. Part of the main steam becomes exhausted steam after doing work and enters the condenser 5 to be cooled into condensate water, and another part of the main steam or the steam that has done partial work is extracted to meet the heat demand of the integrated energy system. The condensate water is heated by the extraction steam of each stage in the high and low pressure heaters 4 and finally enters the steam generator 2 to continue the next round of steam-water cycle.

[0059] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the renewable energy system includes photovoltaic modules 7 and wind turbines 8, which are used to generate renewable energy electricity through the photovoltaic modules 7 and wind turbines 8 and transmit it to the power grid 27. The power distribution system is used to ensure that the integrated energy system preferentially uses renewable energy electricity. The power generation power of the photovoltaic module is 0 - 500MW, and the power generation power of the wind power module is 0 - 800MW.

[0060] Specifically, as Figure 1As shown, the energy storage system plays a role in peak shaving and valley filling in the energy system. It includes a battery 9 and a molten salt thermal energy storage system. The molten salt thermal energy storage system includes a high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 10 and a low-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 11. The energy storage system is equipped with lithium iron phosphate energy storage to match the renewable energy module, and uses the battery 9 to store renewable energy electricity. The capacity of the energy storage power station is 300MW / 1500MWh, configured according to 25% of the rated power of a single unit and a peak shaving duration of 5 hours. The molten salt thermal energy storage system uses the surplus extraction steam after meeting the load demand to store thermal energy, and is configured to match the nuclear power plant in the molten salt thermal energy storage mode, with a thermal energy storage capacity of 50MW / 250MWh, configured according to 25% of the rated power of a single unit and a peak shaving duration of 5 hours. The main steam extraction of the nuclear power can be stored in the high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 10. The main steam extraction is mainly used for the steam supply system, with a temperature of about 280°C. The heat of the extraction steam in the secondary circuit can be stored in the low-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 11, mainly used for lithium bromide refrigeration, heating, and low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system / reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system.

[0061] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the steam supply system includes a steam supply heat exchanger 12. Part of the main steam (temperature 280.3°C, pressure 6.45MPa) is extracted from the steam generator 2 as the heat source steam and is heated in the steam supply heat exchanger 12. The steam releases heat and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser 5. The fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system is connected to the steam supply heat exchanger 12 to become superheated steam, and finally industrial steam is transported to users through off-site pipelines. When the electricity load demand of users decreases, on the premise of ensuring the safety of the unit, the main steam extraction volume is increased, and the main steam heat is stored in the high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 10. When the demand of steam supply users increases, the heat in the high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank 10 can be used for steam supply.

[0062] Specifically, the seawater desalination system adopts a low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and a reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system.

[0063] Among them, as Figure 1 shown, the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system uses electricity to pressurize seawater through a high-pressure pump 25 and then sends it into a reverse osmosis membrane 26 to produce fresh water and transport it to users.

[0064] Among them, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system uses the extraction steam from the secondary loop (temperature 174°C, pressure 0.3923 MPa) as the heat source steam. After heating the seawater in the seawater desalination heat exchanger 13, it returns to the condenser 5. Part of the circulating water undergoes flashing in the flash tank 14 and becomes secondary steam, which enters the first effect of the multi-effect evaporation module 15. The unflashed circulating water is mixed with the condensate of the secondary steam in the first effect of the multi-effect evaporation module 15 and then pressurized by a water pump and continues to be heated by the steam of the secondary loop system. The seawater in the multi-effect evaporation module 15 is preheated by the secondary steam of the last effect and then evenly distributed to each effect of the multi-effect evaporation module 15, and is discharged into the sea as seawater for cooling. The seawater is heated in the seawater heater 16 and then enters the first effect, where it is heated and evaporated by the secondary steam of the flash tank 14. The steam enters the second effect to continue heating the seawater in the second effect, and so on. After multi-effect evaporation, fresh water is produced and transported to the fresh water users.

[0065] Specifically, the extraction steam quantity required for the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system is calculated according to the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] Wherein, is the required extraction steam quantity, with the unit of t / h, is the produced fresh water quantity, with the unit of t / h, and α GOR is the water production ratio.

[0068] Specifically, the energy consumption of the high-pressure pump and the produced fresh water quantity of the reverse osmosis membrane method seawater desalination system are calculated according to the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Wherein, is the high-pressure pump power, with the unit of kW, P f is the seawater pressure, with the unit of kPa, is the seawater volume flow rate, with the unit of m 3 / s, η pump is the high-pressure pump efficiency, RR is the water recovery ratio, is the fresh water mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s, is the seawater mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s.

[0071] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the hydrogen production system adopts the alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production process, including the electrolytic cell 17. Direct current is introduced into the alkaline electrolytic cell 17, and the product water in the seawater desalination module is electrolyzed in the alkaline electrolytic cell 17. Finally, hydrogen and oxygen are respectively generated at the cathode and anode and transported to the users.

[0072] Specifically, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the extraction steam of the secondary loop system required for the heating system and the refrigeration system shares a steam pipeline to provide heat sources for the heating return water and the absorption chiller respectively, and conducts winter heating and summer refrigeration.

[0073] Among them, in winter, the in-plant heating uses the extraction steam of the secondary loop system (temperature 179°C, pressure 0.9953 MPa) as the heat source. After heat exchange in the heating heat exchanger 18, it returns to the condenser 5. The heat network circulating water is transported to the heating users for heating. The circulating water supply temperature is 130°C and the pressure is 2.5 MPa, and the return water temperature is 40°C and the pressure is 2.5 MPa.

[0074] Among them, in summer, a double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller is selected for refrigeration. The extraction steam of the secondary loop system (temperature 179°C, pressure 0.9953 MPa) is used as the heat source to enter the refrigerant generator 19, heating the low-concentration lithium bromide dilute solution. The lithium bromide solution enters the absorber 24 and mixes with the refrigerant vapor to become a dilute solution. The water vapor in the generator 19 enters the condenser 21 for cooling, and the heat is dissipated to the environment by the cooling tower 23. The water vapor undergoes pressure reduction and throttling to become low-temperature refrigerant water, enters the evaporator 22 to cool the chilled water and evaporates into refrigerant vapor, enters the absorber 24 to mix with the concentrated solution, and is sent to the generator 19 after being heated by the heat source heat exchanger 20.

[0075] This system is equipped with a coordinated control module. The coordinated control module adjusts the source-side system. According to the change of load demand, it adopts the mode of giving priority to the supply of renewable energy and energy storage, giving priority to meeting the system operation energy consumption and the user's electrical load. The output change of the nuclear power unit is maintained within the minimum range. When the renewable energy is sufficient, it is stored in the storage battery 9, and the surplus power is consumed through load-side equipment such as the hydrogen production or reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system, reducing the output change of the nuclear power unit and ensuring the stability of the grid 27 frequency. It mainly uses the extraction steam of the nuclear power unit to provide heat sources for the load side. When the load is small, the control valve stores the supplied steam heat in the heat storage tank. After the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank reaches the maximum, the extraction steam is stopped, and all the main steam does work in the steam turbine 3. When the load increases, the heat in the heat storage tank is preferentially used to provide the heat source.

[0076] The energy system with nuclear power as the base load provided in this embodiment realizes the full consumption of renewable resources through the stepped utilization of the coupling of nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, and energy storage by the nuclear power secondary loop system, renewable energy system, and energy storage system. Through the steam supply system, seawater desalination system, hydrogen production system, heating system, and refrigeration system, it conducts seawater desalination, heating, steam supply, refrigeration, and provides hydrogen. Utilizing the extraction waste heat of the nuclear power unit and combining nuclear energy comprehensive utilization technology, it collaborates with the multi-energy supply of electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen to improve the energy utilization efficiency.

[0077] The following introduces the application cases of this integrated energy system in specific scenarios:

[0078] Build a load scenario for the comprehensive park, which includes multiple loads such as power supply, heating, cooling, steam supply, fresh water, and hydrogen supply. Apply the proposed integrated energy system to this scenario to meet various load demands.

[0079] In the nuclear power unit part, nuclear fuel in the reactor core undergoes a fission reaction, converting nuclear energy into heat energy, which makes the coolant become a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid. In the steam generator, this heat energy is transferred to the working medium in the secondary circuit, and the heat energy is converted into the internal energy of the working medium, and then high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated. These steams are divided into three parts: one part enters the steam turbine, and the internal energy of the steam is converted into the mechanical energy of the steam turbine. The steam turbine drives the generator to operate, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the generated electrical energy is connected to the power grid to supply users. During the heating season, another part of the steam is extracted from the low-pressure cylinder of the secondary circuit and passes through a heat exchanger to convert the internal energy into the heat energy of the heating water to meet the heating load demand; during the cooling season, this part enters the lithium bromide refrigerator, and its heat energy is converted into cooling capacity to meet the cooling load demand. The third part of the steam is extracted from the high-pressure cylinder, and the saturated steam from the evaporator is heated to 275 °C to become superheated steam and then flows to industrial steam users after mixing. The steam then enters the evaporator to release heat, heating the water to saturated steam. Part of the saturated steam enters the superheater, and the other part enters the deaerator. Then the steam enters the secondary feed water preheater and the primary feed water preheater to release heat and heat the feed water. The demineralized water, under the action of the primary feed water pump, enters the primary feed water preheater for preheating, and then enters the deaerator to be heated and deaerated by the steam. Then it passes through the secondary feed water preheater, evaporator, and superheater in sequence, and finally is supplied to industrial steam users to meet the steam supply load required by the scenario. In addition, the system is also equipped with a molten salt thermal energy storage tank. When the heating / cooling load is low, part of the steam extracted from the low-pressure cylinder will transfer the heat energy to the molten salt thermal energy storage tank for storage, converting the heat energy into the heat energy of the molten salt in the storage tank. When the load increases, the heat energy in the storage tank is converted back into the heat energy of the heating water or the supplied steam.

[0080] The steam generated by the nuclear power unit is fully utilized. First, it enters the steam turbine to generate electricity, converting high-grade internal energy into mechanical energy and electrical energy. Then, the steam extracted from different cylinders is used for heating, cooling, and steam supply respectively according to the energy quality and user needs. When the load is low, the steam heat energy can also be stored in the molten salt thermal energy storage tank and released for use when the load is high, realizing the cascade utilization of energy from high grade to low grade, reducing energy waste, and improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0081] In a renewable energy system, sunlight shines on photovoltaic panels. The semiconductor materials in the panels absorb the photon energy, and the light energy of the photons is transferred to electrons, generating the photovoltaic effect. The light energy is directly converted into direct current, which is then converted into alternating current by an inverter. Wind drives the rotation of the fan blades, and the wind energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the fan impeller. The impeller drives the main shaft, causing the generator rotor to rotate in the stator, and the mechanical energy is transferred and converted into the mechanical energy of the generator rotor. The generator uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the mechanical energy of the rotor into electrical energy. After step-up processing, the electrical energy generated by the fan is transmitted to the power distribution center. During the power distribution process, a regulator is used to control the power distribution within the system. When the instantaneous output of the photovoltaic module and the wind power module is greater than the power required by the electrolyzer, the regulator stores the excess power in the battery, and the electrical energy is converted into the chemical energy of the battery for storage; if the instantaneous output of the photovoltaic module and the wind power module is less than the power required by the electrolyzer, the regulator controls the battery to discharge, and the battery releases electrical energy, and the chemical energy of the battery is converted back into electrical energy to supplement the power supply. If the power required by the electrolyzer still cannot be met, the remaining unmet power is compensated by the output of the nuclear power unit. Adopting this operating logic can fully absorb renewable energy and reduce the impact of the fluctuation of the grid frequency after the integration of renewable energy into the grid.

[0082] By setting up battery energy storage, the intermittency and instability problems of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are effectively solved. When there is an abundance of renewable energy generation, the excess electrical energy is stored, and released during periods of insufficient power generation or peak electricity consumption, ensuring that the electrical energy generated by renewable energy can be fully utilized, increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply, and achieving the full absorption of renewable resources.

[0083] In the hydrogen production system part, the electrical energy generated from other systems is input into the electrolyzer of the alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production system. The electrical energy is converted into the chemical energy of the electrolysis process, and then into the chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen. The fresh water required for hydrogen production is provided by the seawater desalination system. Subsequently, the hydrogen can be converted into heat energy, electrical energy, etc. to meet the required hydrogen load through methods such as combustion or fuel cells.

[0084] The reverse osmosis seawater desalination system uses the electrical energy generated by other subsystems to supply energy to the high-pressure pump, which is sequentially converted into the mechanical energy of the pump and the pressure energy of the seawater for seawater desalination. In addition to the reverse osmosis method that uses electrical energy for seawater desalination, a low-temperature multi-effect distillation system is also used. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam extracted from the secondary loop of the nuclear power plant transfers its internal energy to the seawater inside the tube bundle. The secondary steam generated by the evaporation of the seawater sequentially transfers its internal energy to the seawater in the next effect. In the condenser, the internal energy of the water vapor is transferred to the cooling medium and condensed into fresh water, which together with the reverse osmosis seawater desalination meets the fresh water load.

[0085] The integrated energy system is equipped with a coordinated control module. The coordinated control module regulates the source-side system, and coordinates and controls the secondary nuclear power system, renewable energy system, energy storage system and each subsystem. According to the change of load demand, it adopts a mode of preferentially supplying renewable energy and energy storage, and preferentially meets the energy consumption of system operation and the electrical load of users. The output change of the nuclear power unit is maintained within the minimum range. When renewable energy is sufficient, it is stored in the battery, and the surplus power is consumed through load-side devices such as hydrogen production or reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination systems, reducing the output change of the nuclear power unit and ensuring the stability of the power grid frequency. It mainly uses the extraction steam of the nuclear power unit to provide heat source for the load side. When the load is small, the control valve stores the supplied steam heat in the heat storage tank. After the heat storage in the heat storage tank reaches the maximum, the extraction steam is stopped, and all the main steam does work in the steam turbine. When the load increases, the heat in the heat storage tank is preferentially used to provide the heat source.

[0086] The energy system with nuclear energy as the base load integrates multiple energies such as nuclear energy, solar energy, and wind energy to form a multi-energy supply system. Different energies have different characteristics and advantages. This diversified energy structure enhances the stability and reliability of energy supply, reduces the dependence on a single energy source, and even if the supply of a certain energy source fluctuates, other energies can guarantee the energy demand of the park.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a control method for an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0088] In this embodiment, a control method for an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load is provided. Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the control method for an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load according to an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 2 shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S201, control the operation of the secondary nuclear power system, control the steam turbine in the secondary nuclear power system to convert the internal energy of steam, control the generator in the secondary nuclear power system to convert electrical energy, and control the steam generator in the secondary nuclear power system to generate main steam to meet the heat demand of the energy system.

[0090] Step S202, manage the renewable energy system, and control the photovoltaic modules and wind turbines in the renewable energy system to generate renewable energy electricity for the energy system to utilize renewable energy power.

[0091] Step S203: Regulate the energy storage system, control the storage battery in the energy storage system to store renewable energy power, and control the molten salt thermal energy storage system in the energy storage system to store thermal energy using the surplus extraction steam after meeting the load demand.

[0092] Step S204: Manage the steam supply system, control the flow rate of the extraction steam entering the steam supply heat exchanger in the steam supply system to heat the main steam according to the steam load, the steam releases energy and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser, control the steam supply heat exchanger to heat the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam, and conduct transportation.

[0093] Step S205: Manage the seawater desalination system, control the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and the reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system in the seawater desalination system to produce fresh water according to the fresh water demand, and conduct transportation.

[0094] Step S206: Manage the hydrogen production system, control the output of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production system according to the change in the output of renewable energy, generate hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users.

[0095] Step S207: Adjust the heating system and the cooling system, control the flow rate of the extraction steam entering the heating system and the cooling system according to the load, and conduct winter heating and summer cooling.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the secondary nuclear power system, control the steam turbine in the secondary nuclear power system to convert the internal energy of the steam into the mechanical energy of the rotor, control the generator to convert it into electric energy and transport it to the power grid, control the steam generator to generate main steam, a part of the main steam becomes exhaust steam after doing work and enters the condenser to be cooled into condensate, and another part of the main steam or the steam that has done part of the work is extracted to meet the heat demand of the energy system. Manage the renewable energy system, control the photovoltaic modules and wind turbines to generate renewable energy power and transport it to the power grid for the energy system to utilize the renewable energy power. The energy storage system plays a role in peak shaving and valley filling. Regulate the energy storage system, control the storage battery to store renewable energy power, and control the molten salt thermal energy storage system to store the surplus extraction steam. Manage the steam supply system, control the flow rate of the extraction steam entering the steam supply heat exchanger in the steam supply system to heat the main steam according to the steam load, the steam supply heat exchanger heats the main steam extracted from the steam generator, and the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system is connected to the steam supply heat exchanger to become superheated steam. Manage the seawater desalination system, control the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and the reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system to produce fresh water according to the fresh water demand and transport it to users. Manage the hydrogen production system, control the output of the electrolyzer according to the change in the output of renewable energy, generate hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users. Adjust the heating system and the cooling system, control the flow rate of the extraction steam entering the heating system and the cooling system according to the load, conduct winter heating, and adjust the cooling system for summer cooling.

[0097] The control method of the energy system with nuclear energy as the base load provided by this embodiment realizes the full consumption of renewable resources by controlling the stepped utilization of the coupling between nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, and energy storage in the secondary nuclear power system, renewable energy system, and energy storage system. Through the steam supply system, seawater desalination system, hydrogen production system, heating system, and refrigeration system, seawater desalination, heating, steam supply, refrigeration are carried out, hydrogen is provided, and the extraction waste heat of the nuclear power unit is utilized. Combining nuclear energy comprehensive utilization technology, multi-energy supply such as electricity, heat, cold, steam, water, and hydrogen is coordinated to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0098] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device. Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 3 shown, the computer device includes: one or more processors 100, a memory 200, and interfaces for connecting various components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. Each component communicates with each other using different buses and can be installed on a common motherboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in the memory or on the memory to display graphical information of the GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (such as an array of servers, a set of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 3 In FIG., one processor 100 is taken as an example.

[0099] The processor 100 can be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Among them, the processor 100 can further include a hardware chip. The above hardware chip can be an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device, or a combination thereof. The above programmable logic device can be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a general array logic, or any combination thereof.

[0100] Among them, the memory 200 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 100, so that at least one processor 100 executes the method shown in the above embodiment.

[0101] The memory 200 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function. The data storage area may store data created according to the use of the computer device, etc. In addition, the memory 200 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 200 may optionally include a memory remotely provided with respect to the processor 100, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device through a network. Examples of the above network include but are not limited to the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0102] The memory 200 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory. The memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive. The memory 200 may also include a combination of the above types of memories.

[0103] The computer device further includes an input device 300 and an output device 400. The processor 100, the memory 200, the input device 300, and the output device 400 may be connected through a bus or other means. Figure 3 Taking connection through a bus as an example.

[0104] The input device 300 may receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function controls of the computer device, such as a touch screen, etc. The output device 400 may include a display device, etc.

[0105] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The method according to the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or be implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or be implemented as computer code originally stored in a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and downloaded through a network and to be stored in a local storage medium, so that the method described herein may be stored in such software processing on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive, etc. Further, the storage medium may also include a combination of the above types of memories. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, the processor, or the hardware, the method shown in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0106] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy system with nuclear energy as the base load, characterized in that, The system includes: a secondary nuclear power system, a renewable energy system, an energy storage system, a steam supply system, a seawater desalination system, a hydrogen production system, a heating system, and a refrigeration system. Among them, The secondary nuclear power system includes a reactor core, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a condenser, and a generator. The steam turbine converts the internal energy of steam into the mechanical energy of the rotor, which is converted into electrical energy by the generator and transmitted to the power grid. The heat of the reactor core enters the steam generator to generate main steam to meet the heat demand of the energy system. The renewable energy system includes photovoltaic modules and wind turbines, which generate renewable energy for the energy system to utilize renewable energy electricity. The energy storage system includes a battery and a molten salt thermal energy storage system. The battery is used to store renewable energy electricity, and the molten salt thermal energy storage system uses the excess extraction steam after meeting the load demand to store thermal energy. The steam supply system includes a steam supply heat exchanger, which heats the main steam. The steam releases energy and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser. The steam supply heat exchanger heats the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam and transports it to users. The seawater desalination system includes a low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and a reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system, which are used to produce fresh water and transport it to users. The hydrogen production system includes an electrolyzer, which is used to produce hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users. The heating system and the refrigeration system are used for heating in winter and refrigeration in summer.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The secondary nuclear power system also includes high and low pressure heaters. The main steam generated by the heat of the reactor core entering the steam generator becomes exhausted steam after doing work and enters the condenser to be cooled into condensate. The high and low pressure heaters heat the condensate by extracting steam and then enter the steam generator for steam-water circulation.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein The molten salt thermal energy storage system in the energy storage system includes a high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank and a low-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank. The high-temperature molten salt energy storage tank stores the heat of the main steam extraction, and the heat of the main steam extraction is used for the steam supply system. The low-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank stores the heat of the secondary loop extraction steam, and the heat of the secondary loop extraction steam is used for the seawater desalination system, the heating system, and the refrigeration system.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein When the user's electricity load demand decreases, the extraction steam volume of the main steam is increased, and the heat of the main steam is stored in the high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank. When the demand of the steam supply user increases, the heat in the high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage tank is used for steam supply.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein The low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system includes a seawater desalination heat exchanger, a flash tank, a multi-effect evaporation module, and a seawater heater. The low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system uses extraction steam to heat seawater in the seawater desalination heat exchanger and then returns to the condenser. The circulating water undergoes flashing in the flash tank to become secondary steam and enters the multi-effect evaporation module. The seawater heater heats the seawater and enters the flash tank for heating and evaporation. After multi-effect evaporation, fresh water is produced and transported to users.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein The reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system includes a high-pressure pump and a reverse osmosis membrane. The reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system uses electricity to pressurize seawater through the high-pressure pump and send it into the reverse osmosis membrane to produce fresh water and transport it to users.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Calculate the required extraction steam volume of the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system according to the following formula: Among them, is the required extraction steam flow rate, with the unit of t / h, is the output of fresh water, with the unit of t / h, and α GOR is the water production ratio.

8. The system according to claim 6, wherein Calculate the energy consumption required by the high-pressure pump of the reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system and the output of fresh water produced according to the following formula: Among them, is the high-pressure pump power, with the unit of kW, P f is the seawater pressure, with the unit of kPa, is the seawater volume flow rate, with the unit of m 3 / s, η pump is the high-pressure pump efficiency, RR is the water recovery ratio, is the fresh water mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s, is the seawater mass flow rate, with the unit of kg / s.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein The electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell. Pass direct current into the electrolytic cell, electrolyze the product water in the seawater desalination system in the electrolytic cell, generate hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein The system further includes a coordinated control module, and the coordinated control module conducts coordinated control over the secondary nuclear power system, the renewable energy system, the energy storage system and each subsystem.

11. A control method for an energy system with nuclear energy as the base load, characterized in that, The method includes: Control the operation of the secondary nuclear power system, control the steam turbine in the secondary nuclear power system to convert the internal energy of steam, control the generator in the secondary nuclear power system to convert electrical energy, and control the steam generator in the secondary nuclear power system to generate main steam to meet the heat demand of the energy system; Manage the renewable energy system, control the photovoltaic modules and wind turbines in the renewable energy system to generate renewable energy for the energy system to utilize renewable energy power; Regulate the energy storage system, control the storage battery in the energy storage system to store renewable energy power, and control the molten salt heat storage system in the energy storage system to store heat energy using the surplus extraction steam after meeting the load demand; Manage the steam supply system, control the flow of extraction steam into the steam supply heat exchanger in the steam supply system to heat the main steam according to the size of the steam load, the steam releases energy and becomes condensate and returns to the condenser, control the steam supply heat exchanger to heat the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination system to obtain superheated steam, and conduct transportation; Manage the seawater desalination system, control the low-temperature multi-effect evaporation system and the reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system in the seawater desalination system to produce fresh water according to the fresh water demand, and conduct transportation; Manage the hydrogen production system, control the output of the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen production system according to the change in the output of renewable energy, generate hydrogen and oxygen and transport them to users; Adjust the heating system and the refrigeration system, control the flow of extraction steam into the heating system and the refrigeration system according to the load size, and conduct winter heating and summer refrigeration.

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