High-precision forging die for copper casting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of forging dies, and discloses a copper casting high-precision forging die which comprises a centrifugal frame capable of centrifugally rotating, and a transmission mandrel capable of controllably rotating and an oscillation forging system driven by the transmission mandrel are installed on the centrifugal frame. The oscillating forging system is provided with double vibrating frames capable of synchronously oscillating up and down and left and right in a reciprocating mode and a guide shaft capable of periodically rotating in a reciprocating mode, the guide shaft is rotationally installed on the double vibrating frames, the reciprocating frequency and the reciprocating stroke of the double vibrating frames periodically and cyclically change, a movable mold moving frame is installed on the double vibrating frames, and a fixed rotating mold base is rotationally installed on the double vibrating frames. A movable rotating die base is rotationally installed on the die moving frame, and forging die cavities are formed in the fixed rotating die base and the movable rotating die base. The mold filling coverage rate of a complex structure is increased, the defect of material shortage caused by mold filling dead angles is overcome, and the problem that in the prior art, mold filling of narrow slits, deep cavities and other structures is insufficient due to the fact that only one-way centrifugal force or a linear acceleration force field is relied on is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forging dies, and more specifically, to a high-precision forging die for copper castings. Background Art

[0002] The patent document with the publication number CN117531980A in the prior art discloses a high-precision forging die for copper castings, including a lower die, an upper die, and a cavity. An exhaust flow channel communicating with the cavity is opened at the top of the upper die, and a feed inlet is opened at the bottom of the lower die. Molten metal is injected into the die from bottom to top during the upward linear acceleration process of the die. In the above technical solution, the die injects molten metal uniformly by combining a certain pressure through the way of upward linear acceleration. The influence of this acceleration enables the molten metal to flow into the smaller mold cavity better, thus avoiding the situation of model deficiency. However, the above device has the following technical problems in use:

[0003] Existing dies only rely on a unidirectional force field of centrifugal force or linear acceleration, and have limited filling ability for complex structures such as narrow slots and deep cavities. Most existing die bases are fixed or rotate unidirectionally. Molten copper is only subjected to unidirectional shear force during solidification, and cannot effectively break coarse dendrites, easily forming columnar crystals or coarse equiaxed crystals. Traditional feeding methods are mostly linear extrusion or gravity injection, and the flow of molten copper is prone to generate turbulence, resulting in the entrainment of oxide films and gas wrapping;

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a high-precision forging die for copper castings to solve the technical problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-precision forging die for copper castings. The present invention improves the filling coverage rate of complex structures, solves the material shortage defect caused by "filling dead corners", and solves the problem that the traditional technology only relies on a unidirectional centrifugal force or linear acceleration force field and has insufficient filling for structures such as narrow slots and deep cavities.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-precision forging die for copper castings, including a centrifugal frame that can rotate centrifugally. A controllable rotating drive core shaft and an oscillating forging system driven by the drive core shaft are installed on the centrifugal frame. The oscillating forging system is provided with a double oscillating frame that can synchronously reciprocate up and down and left and right, and a guide shaft that can periodically rotate reciprocally. The guide shaft is rotatably installed on the double oscillating frame. The reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double oscillating frame change periodically in a cycle. A movable die moving frame is installed on the double oscillating frame. A fixed rotating die base is rotatably installed on the double oscillating frame. A movable rotating die base is rotatably installed on the die moving frame. Forging die cavities are opened in both the fixed rotating die base and the movable rotating die base. The fixed rotating die base and the movable rotating die base are both driven by the guide shaft and periodically alternate between forward and reverse rotations. A pouring cylinder communicated with the forging die cavity is installed on the back of the fixed rotating die base. A feeding cavity communicated with the forging die cavity is provided in the pouring cylinder. A piston feeding component for swirling and extruding the material into the forging die cavity is provided in the feeding cavity. An exhaust component for exhausting the negative pressure in the feeding cavity is installed on the feeding cavity.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it further includes a base frame and a transmission ring. A centrifugal motor is fixedly installed on the base frame and a centrifugal shaft is rotatably installed. A first synchronous toothed belt is installed on the output shaft end of the base frame. The centrifugal shaft is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt. The centrifugal frame is fixedly installed at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft. A group of transmission push rods are installed on the upper part of the base frame. The movable end of each transmission push rod is fixedly connected to the transmission ring. A wheel shaft is rotatably installed on the centrifugal frame. A friction wheel is installed on the wheel shaft. The friction wheel is arranged below the transmission ring. Transmission tooth patterns are provided on both the friction wheel and the transmission ring. First bevel gears are installed on both the wheel shaft and the drive core shaft. The two first bevel gears are meshed with each other. A first linear transmission module is installed on the double oscillating frame. The first linear transmission module is in transmission connection with the die moving frame.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the oscillating forging system includes a single oscillating frame, a vertical lead screw rotatably connected to the centrifugal frame, a driven core shaft, a horizontal lead screw rotatably connected to the single oscillating frame, a transmission sleeve shaft, and a driven sleeve shaft. The transmission sleeve shaft is driven by the drive core shaft. The driven sleeve shaft is driven by the driven core shaft. A notched large gear and a notched small gear are respectively installed on the transmission sleeve shaft. Two symmetrically arranged transmission interruption areas are provided on the transmission sleeve shaft at positions corresponding to between the notched large gear and the notched small gear. Two integral gears are installed on the driven sleeve shaft. The two integral gears are respectively meshed with the notched large gear and the notched small gear. The horizontal lead screw is in transmission connection with the double oscillating frame. The vertical lead screw, the horizontal lead screw, and the guide shaft are all driven by the driven sleeve shaft. Energy storage torsion springs are provided at the rotational connection of the vertical lead screw and the centrifugal frame, the rotational connection of the horizontal lead screw and the single oscillating frame, and the rotational connection of the guide shaft and the double oscillating frame.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a first guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the driving core shaft is fixedly provided inside the driving sleeve shaft, and a second guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the driven core shaft is fixedly provided inside the driven sleeve shaft. The cross-sections of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the driving core shaft, and the driven core shaft are all regular polygons. A solid shaft is rotatably installed on the single vibration frame, and second bevel gears are installed on both the solid shaft and the horizontal lead screw. The two second bevel gears are orthogonally engaged. An elastic tension synchronous toothed belt is drivingly installed on the driven sleeve shaft. The solid shaft, the driven sleeve shaft, and the guide shaft are all drivingly connected to the elastic tension synchronous toothed belt. The elastic tension synchronous toothed belt is made of elastic rubber material. A third synchronous toothed belt is drivingly connected between the driven core shaft and the vertical lead screw.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the central angle corresponding to the notched large gear is 180°, the central angle corresponding to the notched small gear is 100°, and the central angles corresponding to the two transmission interruption areas are both 40°. The radii of the notched large gear and the notched small gear and the radii of the two integral gears are the same. The radius of the notched large gear is 8 to 10 times the radius of the integral gear.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a right shaft is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame, and third bevel gears are installed on both the right shaft and the guide shaft. The two third bevel gears are orthogonally engaged. A hollow right shaft driven by the right shaft is rotatably installed on the mold moving frame, and right gears are installed on both the hollow right shaft and the moving rotary mold base. The two right gears mesh with each other. Left gears are installed on both the right shaft and the fixed rotary mold base. The two left gears mesh with each other.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the piston injection component includes a pouring pipe rotatably communicating with the bottom of the pouring cylinder, a hollow left shaft rotatably connected to the pouring cylinder, and a piston disk arranged in the injection cavity. A left shaft driven by the hollow left shaft is installed on the back of the piston disk. A second linear transmission module is installed on the pouring cylinder, and a feeding pressing plate is drivingly installed on the second linear transmission module. The left shaft is rotatably installed on the feeding pressing plate, and the hollow left shaft is linked with the right shaft.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the interior of the hollow right shaft is fixedly provided with a first polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidably connected to the right square shaft, and the interior of the hollow left shaft is fixedly provided with a second polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidably connected to the left square shaft, the cross-sections of the first polygonal groove, the second polygonal groove, the left square shaft and the right square shaft are all regular hexagons, a shaft cylinder and a belt shaft are rotatably mounted on the casting cylinder, a second synchronous toothed belt is transmission-connected between the belt shaft and the hollow right shaft, a synchronous bevel gear ring is mounted on the shaft cylinder, and a fourth bevel gear meshing with the linked bevel gear ring is mounted on the belt shaft and the right square shaft.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the exhaust component includes a vacuum pump installed on a base frame, an exhaust channel opened in the centrifugal shaft, and an exhaust joint installed at the top of the casting cylinder and connected to the injection chamber, a corrugated inner conduit is rotatably connected between the exhaust joint and the exhaust channel, the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump is rotatably connected to the exhaust channel, an air pressure probe is provided at the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump, and a microcontroller connected to the data of the air pressure probe is fixedly installed on the base frame.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a water-cooling liquid circulation device installed on the base frame and a water-cooling loop opened in the centrifugal shaft. The water-cooling liquid circulation device is connected to the water-cooling loop. Water-cooling chambers are provided in the fixed rotary die seat and the movable rotary die seat at positions corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity. The water-cooling loop in the centrifugal shaft is connected to the water-cooling chamber in the fixed rotary die seat through a corrugated outer conduit, and the water-cooling circulation port of the water-cooling liquid circulation device is connected to the water-cooling chamber in the movable rotary die seat through a circulation branch pipe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention forms a three-dimensional dynamic force field by synchronously oscillating the double vibration frames up and down and left and right, and the reciprocating frequency and stroke change periodically and cyclically, and cooperates with the centrifugal rotation of the centrifugal frame, and drives the double vibration frames in combination with the oscillation forging system to realize the periodic alternating oscillation of "low-frequency long stroke and high-frequency short stroke". In the low-frequency stage, the surface tension of the copper liquid is broken through by large-stroke oscillation, and it is pushed to deeply fill the narrow gaps, deep cavities and other complex areas. In the high-frequency stage, the turbulence of the copper liquid flow is eliminated by short-stroke micro-vibration, the flow resistance is reduced, and uniform diffusion is promoted. At the same time, the energy release of the energy storage torsion spring in the oscillation interruption zone is coordinated to realize the smooth transition of the force field, so that the copper liquid completes the filling in the dynamic process of "extrusion, relaxation, and re-extrusion". Compared with the traditional unidirectional force field mold, the present invention improves the filling coverage rate of complex structures, solves the material shortage defect caused by the "filling dead corner", and solves the problem that the traditional technology only relies on unidirectional centrifugal force or linear acceleration force field, and the filling of narrow gaps, deep cavities and other structures is insufficient.

[0018] 2. The present invention innovatively designs a periodic forward and reverse mechanism for the fixed rotary die base and the moving rotary die base, enabling the molten copper to withstand alternating shear forces during solidification. When rotating forward, the shear force forces the dendrites to grow directionally along the die cavity surface, forming dense metal streamlines. At the moment of reverse rotation, the direction of the shear force suddenly changes, breaking the thick dendrites that have grown and triggering dynamic recrystallization to promote the formation of equiaxed grains. Combining with the alternating load of "large strain and micro strain" generated by the oscillation of the double oscillator frames, the large strain generated by the low-frequency large stroke promotes grain boundary migration, and the micro strain generated by the high-frequency small stroke inhibits grain growth. Finally, a fine-grained structure with a relatively small average grain size is obtained. Compared with the traditional unidirectional rotary die base, the tensile strength of the castings of the present invention is increased, the elongation is improved, and the tissue uniformity is significantly improved.

[0019] 3. The present invention realizes the laminar filling of molten copper through the "rotary extrusion and linear feeding" composite feeding technology of the piston feeding component, in cooperation with the negative pressure environment of the exhaust component. The rotary extrusion makes the molten copper evenly diffuse in a spiral shape, reducing the flow resistance. The linear feeding controls the feeding speed to avoid sudden changes in local pressure. The negative pressure exhaust synchronously discharges the gas in the feeding cavity to prevent the gas from entering the die cavity along with the molten copper. Experimental data show that the porosity of the castings of the present invention is reduced compared with the traditional process, the defects of oxide inclusions are reduced, and the density is increased, significantly improving the mechanical properties and reliability of the castings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision forging die for copper castings of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the centrifugal shaft and the circulating branch pipe of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust flow channel and the water cooling channel of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the centrifugal shaft and the transmission core shaft of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the left shaft and the guide shaft of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is the present invention Figure 5 a partial enlarged structural diagram at position B in;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the guide shaft and the moving die holder of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the belt shaft and the right shaft of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the moving die holder and the hollow right shaft of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical lead screw and the large notched gear of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Centrifugal frame; 2. Transmission core shaft; 3. Double vibration frame; 4. Guide shaft; 5. Movable mold frame; 6. Fixed rotary mold base; 7. Movable rotary mold base; 8. Forging mold cavity; 9. Pouring cylinder; 10. Base frame; 11. Transmission ring; 12. Centrifugal motor; 13. Centrifugal shaft; 14. Transmission push rod; 15. Wheel shaft; 16. Friction wheel; 17. First linear transmission module; 18. Single vibration frame; 19. Vertical lead screw; 20. Driven core shaft; 21. Horizontal lead screw; 22. Transmission sleeve shaft; 23. Driven sleeve shaft; 24. Large notched gear; 25. Small notched gear; 26. Integral gear; 27. Energy storage torsion spring; 28. Solid shaft; 29. Elastic tension synchronous toothed belt; 30. Right shaft; 31. Hollow right shaft; 32. Right gear; 33. Left gear; 34. Pouring pipe; 35. Hollow left shaft; 36. Piston disc; 37. Left shaft; 38. Second linear transmission module; 39. Feeding pressure plate; 40. Shaft cylinder; 41. Belt shaft; 42. Vacuum pump; 43. Exhaust flow channel; 44. Microcontroller; 45. Water-cooled liquid circulation device; 46. Water-cooled loop; 47. Water-cooled chamber; 48. Circulation branch pipe. Specific embodiments

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Such as Figures 1 to 10As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a high-precision forging die for copper castings, which includes a centrifugal frame 1 that can rotate centrifugally. A controllable rotating drive core shaft 2 and an oscillating forging system driven by the drive core shaft 2 are installed on the centrifugal frame 1. It also includes a base frame 10 and a transmission ring 11. A centrifugal motor 12 is fixedly installed on the base frame 10 and a centrifugal shaft 13 is rotatably installed. A first synchronous toothed belt is installed on the output shaft end of the base frame 10. The centrifugal shaft 13 is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt. The centrifugal frame 1 is fixedly installed at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft 13. A group of transmission push rods 14 are installed on the upper part of the base frame 10. The movable end of each transmission push rod 14 is fixedly connected to the transmission ring 11. A wheel shaft 15 is rotatably installed on the centrifugal frame 1. A friction wheel 16 is installed on the wheel shaft 15. The friction wheel 16 is arranged below the transmission ring 11. Transmission tooth patterns are provided on both the friction wheel 16 and the transmission ring 11. First bevel gears are installed on both the wheel shaft 15 and the drive core shaft 2. The two first bevel gears mesh with each other. The first synchronous toothed belt is driven by the centrifugal motor 12 on the base frame 10 to drive the centrifugal shaft 13 and the eccentrically installed centrifugal frame 1 to rotate, realizing the overall centrifugal movement of the die. The transmission push rod 14 meshes with the tooth pattern of the friction wheel 16 through the transmission ring 11, converting the linear motion into the rotational motion of the wheel shaft 15, and transmitting it to the drive core shaft 2 through the first bevel gear to make it rotate synchronously and controllably. This design integrates the centrifugal rotation and the power input of the drive core shaft 2 into the same drive chain, achieving efficient power transmission through mechanical linkage, solving the problem of poor coordination of multiple power sources in traditional dies, ensuring the synchronization of centrifugal forging and oscillating forging, and improving the forming accuracy of castings. The oscillating forging system is provided with a double oscillation frame 3 that can oscillate synchronously up and down and left and right and a guide shaft 4 that can rotate periodically in a reciprocating manner. The guide shaft 4 is rotatably installed on the double oscillation frame 3. The reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double oscillation frame 3 change cyclically.

[0033] The oscillation forging system includes a single oscillation frame 18, a vertical screw 19 rotatably connected to the centrifugal frame 1, a driven mandrel 20, a horizontal screw 21 rotatably connected to the single oscillation frame 18, a transmission sleeve 22 and a driven sleeve 23, the transmission sleeve 22 is driven by the transmission mandrel 2, and the driven sleeve 23 is driven by the driven mandrel 20; the transmission sleeve 22 is fixedly provided with a first guide groove with openings at both ends and slidably connected to the transmission mandrel 2, the driven sleeve 23 is fixedly provided with a second guide groove with openings at both ends and slidably connected to the driven mandrel 20, and the cross-sections of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the transmission mandrel 2 and the driven mandrel 20 They are all regular polygons; the transmission sleeve shaft 22 is respectively mounted with a notched large gear 24 and a notched small gear 25, and two symmetrically arranged transmission interruption areas are provided on the transmission sleeve shaft 22 and at positions corresponding to the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25; two full gears 26 are mounted on the driven sleeve shaft 23, and the two full gears 26 are respectively meshed and connected with the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25; the center angle corresponding to the notched large gear 24 is 180°, the center angle corresponding to the notched small gear 25 is 100°, the center angles corresponding to the two transmission interruption areas are both 40°, and the radius of the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25 is The radii of the two full gears 26 are the same, and the radius of the notched large gear 24 is 9 times the radius of the full gear 26; the horizontal screw 21 is connected to the double vibration frame 3 in transmission, and the vertical screw 19, the horizontal screw 21 and the guide shaft 4 are all driven by the driven sleeve shaft 23. The rotation connection between the vertical screw 19 and the centrifugal frame 1, the rotation connection between the horizontal screw 21 and the single vibration frame 18, and the rotation connection between the guide shaft 4 and the double vibration frame 3 are all provided with energy storage torsion springs 27; a solid shaft 28 is rotatably installed on the single vibration frame 18, and a second bevel gear is installed on the solid shaft 28 and the horizontal screw 21, and the two second bevel gears are orthogonally meshed, and the driven sleeve shaft 2 3 is equipped with an elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 for transmission, the solid shaft 28, the driven sleeve shaft 23 and the guide shaft 4 are all connected with the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 for transmission, the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 is made of elastic rubber, and a third synchronous toothed belt is connected between the driven mandrel 20 and the vertical screw 19; when the transmission sleeve shaft 22 is driven to rotate by the transmission mandrel 2, the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25 thereon are periodically meshed with the two full gears 26 of the driven sleeve shaft 23, and cooperate with the two symmetrically arranged 40° transmission interruption areas, so that the driven sleeve shaft 23 produces intermittent transmission of "meshing and interruption" alternating.

[0034] When the notched large gear 24 and the full gear 26 are meshed by 180°, because the radius ratio of the notched large gear 24 and the full gear 26 is 9:1, the driven sleeve shaft 23 rotates, driving the vertical screw 19, the horizontal screw 21 and the guide shaft 4 to move, and combined with the energy storage release of the energy storage torsion spring 27, the double vibration frame 3 presents a "low-frequency long-stroke" oscillation, and then enters the 40° transmission interruption zone, the driven sleeve shaft 23 loses drive, and the energy storage torsion spring 27 releases the remaining energy to maintain the oscillation; then the notched small gear 25 and the full gear 26 are meshed by 100°, the driven sleeve shaft 23 rotates at high speed, the double vibration frame 3 turns to a "high-frequency short-stroke" oscillation, and finally enters the 40° interruption zone again, and the torsion spring re-stores energy to complete a complete cycle;

[0035] This parameter design is unique and irreplaceable:

[0036] First, the sum of the central angles accurately covers one cycle of the transmission sleeve shaft 22, ensuring that the oscillation period is synchronized with the rotation of the transmission sleeve shaft 22 to avoid parameter disorder;

[0037] Secondly, the combination of gear radius ratios just matches the multi-stage requirements of copper liquid filling and solidification. The low-frequency and long-stroke stage provides sufficient compaction time during the solidification period of the copper liquid to reduce shrinkage and looseness. The high-frequency and short-stroke stage promotes the rapid and uniform flow of copper liquid during the filling period to reduce flow resistance.

[0038] Thirdly, the setting of the 40° transmission interruption zone not only avoids the transmission shock caused by the continuous meshing of the gears, but also releases the smooth transition oscillation state through the energy storage torsion spring 27 to ensure the continuity of movement;

[0039] If any parameter is adjusted, such as reducing the center angle of the notched large gear 24 to 160°, the low-frequency stage time will be insufficient and cannot be fully compacted; if the radius ratio deviates from 9:1, the speed ratio will be out of adjustment, and the oscillation frequency and stroke will not be able to accurately match the characteristics of the molten copper, which will destroy the synergy between the oscillation parameters and the solidification behavior of the molten copper, resulting in a decrease in the density and uniformity of the casting.

[0040] In the low-frequency and large-stroke stage, the oscillating force breaks through the surface tension of the molten copper, pushing it to fill the complex structures of the mold cavity, such as narrow gaps and deep cavities, solving the problem of incomplete filling of "dead corners" in traditional centrifugal casting; in the high-frequency and small-stroke stage, tiny vibrations can eliminate turbulence in the flow of molten copper and reduce the involvement of oxide film, while producing a micro-forging effect on the solidified layer, thereby improving the surface density.

[0041] The cyclic changes in frequency and stroke cause the molten copper to undergo a dynamic process of "extrusion, relaxation, and re-extrusion" in the forging die cavity 8, which promotes gas escape and shrinkage cavity closure. When the oscillation is suspended in the transmission interruption zone, the centrifugal force alone can cause the molten copper to directionally solidify in the static die cavity, reducing thermal shrinkage holes. Subsequently, high-frequency vibration can break up coarse dendrites and inhibit the growth of columnar crystals.

[0042] The periodic changes in the vibration frequency and stroke of the double vibration frame 3 cause the molten copper to bear alternating strain loads during the solidification process, triggering dynamic recrystallization. The large strain generated by the low-frequency and large-stroke oscillation promotes the migration of grain boundaries, while the high-frequency and small-stroke oscillation inhibits grain growth through micro-strain, ultimately obtaining a fine-grained structure with an average grain size ≤50μm. For copper castings with structures such as thin ribs and bosses, the double vibration frame 3 can preferentially fill complex areas through the low-frequency and large-stroke mode, avoiding material shortage caused by premature solidification of the molten copper. For thin-walled parts, the high-frequency and small-stroke mode can reduce die impact wear and prevent deformation of thin-walled parts under centrifugal force through micro-vibration. A movable die shifting frame 5 is installed on the double vibration frame 3, and a first linear drive module 17 is installed on the double vibration frame 3. The first linear drive module 17 is in transmission connection with the die shifting frame 5. A fixed rotary die holder 6 is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame 3, and a movable rotary die holder 7 is rotatably installed on the die shifting frame 5. Forging die cavities 8 are provided in both the fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7. The fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7 are both driven by a guide shaft 4 and periodically rotate forward and backward alternately. A right shaft 30 is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame 3. Third bevel gears are installed on both the right shaft 30 and the guide shaft 4, and the two third bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. A hollow right shaft 31 driven by the right shaft 30 is rotatably installed on the die shifting frame 5. Right gears 32 are installed on both the hollow right shaft 31 and the movable rotary die holder 7, and the two right gears 32 mesh with each other. Left gears 33 are installed on both the right shaft 30 and the fixed rotary die holder 6, and the two left gears 33 mesh with each other. The periodic forward and backward rotation of the fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7 is realized through the transmission mechanism of the guide shaft 4, bevel gears and synchronous belts, forming a multi-dimensional synergistic effect with the reciprocating oscillation and centrifugal rotation of the double vibration frame 3. The guide shaft 4 drives the right shaft 30 to rotate through the third bevel gear, drives the movable rotary die holder 7 through the hollow right shaft 31 and the right gear 32, and at the same time drives the fixed rotary die holder 6 through the left gear 33 to form synchronous reverse rotation. The periodic switching of the rotation direction is triggered by the gear meshing period of the oscillating forging system, realizing the coupling of the rotation frequency and the oscillation frequency of the double vibration frame 3. When the fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7 rotate forward and backward, the molten copper in the forging die cavity 8 bears periodic shear forces, forcing the dendrite growth direction to be consistent with the shear direction, forming a directional metal streamline distributed along the die surface. The alternating shear forces generated by the reverse rotation of the fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7 promote the dynamic recrystallization of the solidified layer, breaking coarse grains and forming equiaxed grains. When the fixed rotary die holder 6 and the movable rotary die holder 7 rotate, the relative movement between the molten copper and the die cavity wall can break the oxide film formed during the casting process, preventing it from being involved in the casting to form inclusions. For multi-layer composite copper castings, the forward and backward rotation movement can promote the dynamic mixing of the molten copper at the interface, increasing the interlayer bonding strength by more than 50% and solving the problem of interface delamination in traditional processes.

[0043] The centrifugal tangential force generated by rotation and the oscillating axial force form a three-dimensional compaction effect. Especially at the moment when the mold reverses, the copper liquid flows back to the center to fill the shrinkage cavity caused by solidification shrinkage. When the fixed rotation mold base 6 and the moving rotation mold base 7 rotate, the copper liquid flows closely along the inner wall of the mold cavity under the action of centrifugal force. Combined with the micro-polishing effect of high-frequency oscillation, the surface roughness of the casting can be reduced, approaching the effect of mechanical polishing. It is especially suitable for scenarios with high-precision surface requirements such as optical lens bases and electronic packaging housings.

[0044] The periodic reverse rotation of the fixed rotation mold base 6 and the moving rotation mold base 7 can change the relative sliding direction of the copper liquid and the mold, reduce the heat accumulation in local areas, and thus inhibit surface scratches and thermal cracks caused by sticking to the mold. A pouring cylinder 9 communicating with the forging mold cavity 8 is installed on the back of the fixed rotation mold base 6. A feeding cavity communicating with the forging mold cavity 8 is provided in the pouring cylinder 9. A piston feeding component for swirling and extruding the feed into the forging mold cavity 8 is provided in the feeding cavity. An exhaust component for negative pressure exhaust of the feeding cavity is installed on the feeding cavity.

[0045] The piston feeding component includes a pouring pipe 34 rotatably communicating with the bottom of the pouring cylinder 9, a hollow left shaft 35 rotatably connected to the pouring cylinder 9, and a piston disk 36 arranged in the feeding cavity. A left shaft 37 driven by the hollow left shaft 35 is installed on the back of the piston disk 36. A second linear transmission module 38 is installed on the pouring cylinder 9. A feeding pressing plate 39 is driven and installed on the second linear transmission module 38. The left shaft 37 is rotatably installed on the feeding pressing plate 39. The hollow left shaft 35 is linked with the right shaft 30.

[0046] A first multi-sided groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the right shaft 30 is fixedly opened inside the hollow right shaft 31. A second multi-sided groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the left shaft 37 is fixedly opened inside the hollow left shaft 35. The cross-sections of the first multi-sided groove, the second multi-sided groove, the left shaft 37, and the right shaft 30 are all regular hexagons. A shaft cylinder 40 and a belt shaft 41 are rotatably installed on the pouring cylinder 9. A second synchronous toothed belt is drivingly connected between the belt shaft 41 and the hollow right shaft 31. A synchronous bevel gear ring is installed on the shaft cylinder 40. Fourth bevel gears meshing with the linkage bevel gear ring are installed on both the belt shaft 41 and the right shaft 30.

[0047] The piston feeding component realizes the precise delivery of the copper liquid to the forging mold cavity 8 through the combined action of "linear feeding and swirling extrusion". Its working principle is as follows: The second linear transmission module 38 drives the feeding pressing plate 39 to linearly advance, driving the left shaft 37 to transmit torque through the regular hexagon multi-sided groove of the hollow left shaft 35, and pushing the piston disk 36 to axially extrude the copper liquid in the feeding cavity;

[0048] Meanwhile, after the right shaft 30 is driven to rotate by the guide shaft 4 via the third bevel gear, it drives the hollow right shaft 31 through the belt shaft 41 and the second synchronous toothed belt, and meshes with the synchronous bevel gear ring of the shaft cylinder 40 via the fourth bevel gear, finally driving the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate, so that the left shaft 37 transmits the rotational torque through the regular hexagon polygonal groove, forming a spiral feeding of the piston disc 36 with "linear feeding plus rotation"; the first technical effect is to reduce the flow resistance through the spiral and axial composite flow field, promote the uniform diffusion of the molten copper, improve the filling coverage rate, and reduce local under-casting defects; the second is to make the molten copper fill in a laminar flow by combining the rotary extrusion with the negative pressure environment of the exhaust assembly, reduce the porosity, and improve the density; the exhaust assembly includes a vacuum pump 42 installed on the base frame 10, an exhaust flow channel 43 opened in the centrifugal shaft 13, and an exhaust joint installed at the top of the pouring cylinder 9 and communicated with the injection cavity. There is a corrugated inner conduit rotatably communicating between the exhaust joint and the exhaust flow channel 43. The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump 42 is rotatably communicated with the exhaust flow channel 43. The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump 42 is provided with a pressure probe, and a microcontroller 44 connected to the pressure probe data is fixedly installed on the base frame 10.

[0049] The right shaft 30 drives the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate through the fourth bevel gear and the second synchronous toothed belt, driving the left shaft 37 and the piston disc 36 to rotate and extrude the molten copper in the injection cavity. The pouring pipe 34 cooperates with the feeding pressing plate 39 of the second linear drive module 38 to achieve quantitative feeding. Meanwhile, the vacuum pump 42 exhausts the injection cavity in a negative pressure through the exhaust flow channel 43 in the centrifugal shaft 13. The pressure probe monitors the air pressure in the cavity in real time, and the microcontroller 44 dynamically adjusts the air extraction rate. This system completes exhaust synchronously during the injection process, avoiding the problem of casting pores caused by gas entrainment in the traditional process; the rotary extrusion feeding can make the molten copper fill in a laminar flow state, reduce the oxidation inclusions caused by turbulence, and combined with the centrifugal force, further improve the filling efficiency and the density of the casting; it also includes a water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 installed on the base frame 10 and a water-cooled ring channel 46 opened in the centrifugal shaft 13. The water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 is communicated with the water-cooled ring channel 46. Water-cooled chambers 47 are provided at the positions corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity 8 in the fixed rotary die base 6 and the movable rotary die base 7. The water-cooled ring channel 46 in the centrifugal shaft 13 is communicated with the water-cooled chamber 47 in the fixed rotary die base 6 through a corrugated outer conduit. The water-cooled circulation port of the water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 is communicated with the water-cooled chamber 47 in the movable rotary die base 7 through a circulation branch pipe 48.

[0050] The water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 transports the coolant to the water-cooled chamber 47 of the fixed rotary die base 6 through the water-cooled loop 46 inside the centrifugal shaft 13 via the corrugated outer conduit. At the same time, the circulating branch pipe 48 directly cools the moving rotary die base 7, forming a dual-loop temperature control system. During forging, it cools the outside of the die cavity in real time, can precisely control the distribution of the die temperature field, and avoid problems such as copper liquid sticking to the die or coarse grains caused by local overheating. Compared with traditional air cooling or single-loop water cooling, this design realizes the rapid response and uniform control of the die temperature, shortens the production cycle, and improves the surface finish of the casting and the stability of mechanical properties at the same time; the water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 is used to realize the circulating flow of the water-cooled liquid and maintain the low temperature of the water-cooled liquid. The water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 can be customized according to actual needs or selected by model.

[0051] The working principle and usage process of the present invention:

[0052] The centrifugal motor 12 on the base frame 10 drives the centrifugal shaft 13 and the eccentrically installed centrifugal frame 1 to rotate through the first synchronous toothed belt, realizing the overall centrifugal movement of the die. At the same time, the transmission push rod 14 drives the transmission ring 11 to move up and down. Through the meshing of the friction wheel 16 with the tooth pattern of the transmission ring 11, the linear motion is converted into the rotational motion of the wheel shaft 15, and is transmitted to the transmission core shaft 2 through the first bevel gear to make it rotate synchronously and controllably;

[0053] The transmission core shaft 2 drives the transmission sleeve shaft 22 to rotate. The large notched gear 24 and the small notched gear 25 on it are periodically meshed with the integral gear 26 of the driven sleeve shaft 23. Cooperating with the transmission interruption area, the driven sleeve shaft 23 generates intermittent transmission, driving the vertical lead screw 19, the horizontal lead screw 21 and the guide shaft 4 to move. Combining with the energy storage torsion spring 27, the double vibration frame 3 presents a periodic oscillation of "low frequency and long stroke" and "high frequency and short stroke" alternating; the guide shaft 4 drives the fixed rotary die base 6 and the moving rotary die base 7 to rotate periodically forward and backward through a transmission mechanism such as a third bevel gear, forming a multi-dimensional coordination with the reciprocating oscillation and centrifugal rotation of the double vibration frame 3; the second linear transmission module 38 drives the feeding pressing plate 39 to advance linearly. At the same time, the shaft 30 on the right drives the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate through a transmission mechanism, so that the piston disk 36 realizes a spiral feeding of "linear feeding plus rotation" in the injection cavity, extruding the copper liquid into the forging die cavity 8. During this period, the vacuum pump 42 evacuates the injection cavity through the exhaust flow channel 43, the air pressure probe monitors the air pressure in real time, and the microcontroller 44 dynamically adjusts the pumping rate;

[0054] The water-cooled liquid circulation device 45 cools the water-cooled chambers 47 of the fixed rotary die base 6 and the moving rotary die base 7 respectively through the water-cooled loop 46 inside the centrifugal shaft 13 via the corrugated outer conduit and the circulating branch pipe 48, forming a dual-loop temperature control system to precisely control the distribution of the die temperature field; during the whole process, the copper liquid undergoes multi-dimensional actions of centrifugal rotation, oscillation of the double vibration frame 3, and rotation of the die base in the forging die cavity 8, as well as processes such as injection, exhaust, and cooling, realizing high-precision forging.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0056] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision forging die for copper castings, comprising a centrifugal frame (1) that can rotate centrifugally, characterized in that: A centrifugal frame (1) is equipped with a controllable rotating drive core shaft (2) and an oscillating forging system driven by the drive core shaft (2). The oscillating forging system is provided with a double vibration frame (3) that can synchronously reciprocate up and down and left and right, and a guide shaft (4) that can periodically reciprocate and rotate. The guide shaft (4) is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame (3). The reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double vibration frame (3) change periodically in a cycle. A movable mold moving frame (5) is installed on the double vibration frame (3). A fixed rotary mold base (6) is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame (3). A movable rotary mold base (7) is rotatably installed on the mold moving frame (5). Forging mold cavities (8) are provided in both the fixed rotary mold base (6) and the movable rotary mold base (7). The fixed rotary mold base (6) and the movable rotary mold base (7) are both driven by the guide shaft (4) and periodically and alternately rotate forward and backward. A pouring cylinder (9) communicating with the forging mold cavity (8) is installed on the back of the fixed rotary mold base (6). A feeding cavity communicating with the forging mold cavity (8) is provided in the pouring cylinder (9). A piston feeding component for swirling and extruding feeding into the forging mold cavity (8) is provided in the feeding cavity. An exhaust assembly for negative pressure exhaust of the feeding cavity is installed on the feeding cavity.

2. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a base frame (10) and a transmission ring (11). A centrifugal motor (12) is fixedly installed on the base frame (10) and a centrifugal shaft (13) is rotatably installed. A first synchronous toothed belt is installed on the output shaft end of the base frame (10). The centrifugal shaft (13) is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt. The centrifugal frame (1) is fixedly installed at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft (13). A group of transmission push rods (14) are installed on the upper part of the base frame (10). The movable end of each transmission push rod (14) is fixedly connected to the transmission ring (11). A wheel shaft (15) is rotatably installed on the centrifugal frame (1). A friction wheel (16) is installed on the wheel shaft (15). The friction wheel (16) is arranged below the transmission ring (11). Transmission tooth patterns are provided on both the friction wheel (16) and the transmission ring (11). First bevel gears are installed on both the wheel shaft (15) and the drive core shaft (2). The two first bevel gears are meshed with each other. A first linear transmission module (17) is installed on the double vibration frame (3). The first linear transmission module (17) is in transmission connection with the mold moving frame (5).

3. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described oscillating forging system includes a single vibration frame (18), a vertical lead screw (19) rotatably connected to a centrifugal frame (1), a driven mandrel (20), a horizontal lead screw (21) rotatably connected to the single vibration frame (18), a transmission sleeve shaft (22), and a driven sleeve shaft (23). The transmission sleeve shaft (22) is driven by a transmission mandrel (2), the driven sleeve shaft (23) is driven by the driven mandrel (20). A notched large gear (24) and a notched small gear (25) are respectively installed on the transmission sleeve shaft (22). At the position on the transmission sleeve shaft (22) corresponding to between the notched large gear (24) and the notched small gear (25), there are two symmetrically arranged transmission interruption zones. Two integral gears (26) are installed on the driven sleeve shaft (23), and the two integral gears (26) are respectively meshed and connected with the notched large gear (24) and the notched small gear (25). The horizontal lead screw (21) is in transmission connection with a double vibration frame (3). The vertical lead screw (19), the horizontal lead screw (21), and a guide shaft (4) are all driven by the driven sleeve shaft (23). Energy storage torsion springs (27) are provided at the rotational connection of the vertical lead screw (19) and the centrifugal frame (1), the rotational connection of the horizontal lead screw (21) and the single vibration frame (18), and the rotational connection of the guide shaft (4) and the double vibration frame (3).

4. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the transmission mandrel (2) is fixedly opened inside the transmission sleeve shaft (22). A second guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the driven mandrel (20) is fixedly opened inside the driven sleeve shaft (23). The cross-sections of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the transmission mandrel (2), and the driven mandrel (20) are all regular polygons. A solid shaft (28) is rotatably installed on the single vibration frame (18). Second bevel gears are installed on both the solid shaft (28) and the horizontal lead screw (21), and the two second bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. An elastic tension synchronous toothed belt (29) is installed on the driven sleeve shaft (23) in a transmission manner. The solid shaft (28), the driven sleeve shaft (23), and the guide shaft (4) are all in transmission connection with the elastic tension synchronous toothed belt (29). The elastic tension synchronous toothed belt (29) is made of elastic rubber material. A third synchronous toothed belt is in transmission connection between the driven mandrel (20) and the vertical lead screw (19).

5. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central angle corresponding to the notched large gear (24) is 180°, the central angle corresponding to the notched small gear (25) is 100°, and the central angles corresponding to the two transmission interruption zones are both 40°. The radii of the notched large gear (24), the notched small gear (25), and the two integral gears (26) are the same. The radius of the notched large gear (24) is 8 to 10 times the radius of the integral gear (26).

6. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A right shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the double vibration frame (3). Third bevel gears are mounted on both the right shaft (30) and the guide shaft (4), and the two third bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. A hollow right shaft (31) driven by the right shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the mold moving frame (5). Right gears (32) are mounted on both the hollow right shaft (31) and the moving rotary mold base (7), and the two right gears (32) are meshed with each other. Left gears (33) are mounted on both the right shaft (30) and the fixed rotary mold base (6), and the two left gears (33) are meshed with each other.

7. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piston injection component includes a pouring pipe (34) rotatably communicating with the bottom of the pouring cylinder (9), a hollow left shaft (35) rotatably connected to the pouring cylinder (9), and a piston disc (36) arranged in the injection cavity. A left shaft (37) driven by the hollow left shaft (35) is mounted on the back of the piston disc (36). A second linear transmission module (38) is mounted on the pouring cylinder (9). A feeding pressing plate (39) is drivingly mounted on the second linear transmission module (38). The left shaft (37) is rotatably mounted on the feeding pressing plate (39). The hollow left shaft (35) is linked with the right shaft (30).

8. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first multi-sided groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the right shaft (30) is fixedly formed inside the hollow right shaft (31). A second multi-sided groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the left shaft (37) is fixedly formed inside the hollow left shaft (35). The cross-sections of the first multi-sided groove, the second multi-sided groove, the left shaft (37) and the right shaft (30) are all regular hexagons. A shaft cylinder (40) and a belt shaft (41) are rotatably mounted on the pouring cylinder (9). A second synchronous toothed belt is drivingly connected between the belt shaft (41) and the hollow right shaft (31). A synchronous bevel gear ring is mounted on the shaft cylinder (40). Fourth bevel gears meshing with the linkage bevel gear ring are mounted on both the belt shaft (41) and the right shaft (30).

9. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust component includes a vacuum pump (42) mounted on the base frame (10), an exhaust flow channel (43) opened in the centrifugal shaft (13), and an exhaust joint mounted on the top of the pouring cylinder (9) and communicating with the injection cavity. A corrugated inner conduit is rotatably communicated between the exhaust joint and the exhaust flow channel (43). The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump (42) is rotatably communicated with the exhaust flow channel (43). A pressure probe is arranged at the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump (42). A microcontroller (44) connected to the pressure probe data is fixedly mounted on the base frame (10).

10. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: It further includes a water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) installed on the base frame (10), and a water-cooling loop (46) opened in the centrifugal shaft (13). The water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) is communicated with the water-cooling loop (46). Water-cooling chambers (47) are provided at positions inside the fixed rotary die base (6) and the movable rotary die base (7) and corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity (8). The water-cooling loop (46) in the centrifugal shaft (13) is communicated with the water-cooling chamber (47) in the fixed rotary die base (6) through a corrugated outer conduit. The water-cooling circulation port of the water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) is communicated with the water-cooling chamber (47) in the movable rotary die base (7) through a circulation branch pipe (48).

Images