Small waste incineration full-automatic control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a small waste incineration full-automatic control system and method, and particularly relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment.The method comprises the following steps that waste throwing is recognized through infrared induction, a preheating device is started to heat a combustion chamber, and the heating intensity is adjusted in real time; when the temperature reaches a preset threshold value, the air volume, the feeding time and the combustion time are controlled according to the garbage type, and stable combustion is achieved; the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and particulate matter in tail gas is monitored in the whole process, and combustion parameters are automatically adjusted when the emission limit value is close; after combustion is finished, slag is automatically discharged according to the amount of slag; meanwhile, temperature and emission data are collected and uploaded to a remote terminal, and full-process intelligent control and environment-friendly management are achieved; the whole-process automatic control is realized, and the manual dependence is reduced; combustion efficiency and adaptability are improved through an intelligent model; an emission prediction and feedback mechanism is introduced to ensure that the tail gas is environmentally friendly and reaches the standard, and the system stability and the intelligent level are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and more specifically, to a fully automatic control system and method for small-scale waste incineration. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of the urban and rural solid waste classification and resource utilization policies, in scenarios such as rural areas, remote communities, scenic spots, and temporary building areas where the output of domestic waste is small and the concentration is low, small-scale waste incineration equipment has become an important on-site treatment means due to its small volume, low investment, and convenient deployment. However, the currently widely used small-scale incineration devices still have significant limitations in technical level and are difficult to meet the increasingly strict environmental protection and operation and maintenance requirements.

[0003] In terms of combustion control, traditional small-scale incineration equipment mostly adopts fixed-value parameters or manual experience adjustment methods, which cannot dynamically match according to factors such as waste type, moisture content, and calorific value changes, resulting in problems such as overheating, incomplete combustion, or temperature fluctuations during the combustion process. This not only affects the incineration efficiency but also easily generates a large amount of carbon monoxide and black smoke, posing safety hazards. In the initial stage of combustion, due to the lack of effective preheating management and judgment mechanisms, some equipment enters the combustion stage before reaching the optimal thermal state, causing energy waste or unstable flames and exacerbating the uncertainty of equipment operation. In addition, during the operation process, when the waste type is frequently changed or the waste contains a large amount of wet and heavy components, traditional equipment is difficult to identify and adjust control parameters in a timely manner, thereby triggering high pollutant emissions. Therefore, the present invention proposes a fully automatic control system and method for small-scale waste incineration to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A feeding recognition initialization step, detecting the completion status of waste feeding through an infrared sensing device and triggering a start signal;

[0007] A preheating stage control step, after receiving the start signal, starting a combustion-supporting device to heat the combustion chamber, and adjusting the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through a temperature detection element until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches a set preheating threshold;

[0008] A main combustion stage regulation step, after reaching the preheating threshold, executing corresponding combustion control parameters according to the waste type, controlling the flow rate of combustion-supporting air, combustion duration, and waste feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion;

[0009] Tail gas emission monitoring and feedback regulation steps, continuously monitor the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the tail gas during the combustion process. When any pollutant index approaches the emission limit, automatically adjust the combustion air ratio and the combustion assistant time;

[0010] Ash discharge steps, after combustion ends, control the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharge mechanism according to the amount of combustion residue to complete the automatic discharge of combustion residues;

[0011] Remote information upload steps, during the entire incineration process, collect operation parameters, temperature data and emission data in real time and transmit them to the remote management terminal.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in the preheating stage control step, the overall heating rate is controlled within the range of 1.5 °C to 3.2 °C per second.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in the main combustion stage regulation step, set combustion parameter models for different types of garbage. The combustion parameter models draw the air volume - temperature - feed ratio curve. After determining the current garbage type, match the combustion parameter model to perform the combustion operation, and integrate a combustion delay monitoring mechanism inside the model. When it is detected that the temperature curve shows a "temperature hysteresis phenomenon" where it is more than 10% lower than the average heating rate, automatically extend the combustion time and adjust the air supply volume to maintain a stable combustion state.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in the tail gas emission monitoring and feedback regulation steps, the carbon monoxide concentration detection range is set from 0 to 2000 ppm, the nitrogen oxide concentration detection range is from 0 to 1200 ppm, and the particulate matter concentration accuracy is controlled within ±1 mg / m³; among them, a multi-point exhaust pipe measurement mechanism is provided, which is respectively arranged at the top of the primary combustion zone, the middle section of the exhaust pipe and the smoke outlet. Obtain the emission data according to the average value of the three-point concentrations, and when the continuous two monitoring values of any pollution factor are higher than 80% of the emission threshold, trigger the combustion air adjustment operation.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in the ash discharge steps, a step-by-step spiral slag discharge device is adopted, and the slag discharge speed is controlled by controlling the motor speed through the transmission ratio. The step-by-step spiral slag discharge device automatically sets the slag discharge frequency and the transmission ratio according to the carbon content rate of the combustion residue.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a determination delay mechanism is introduced between the preheating and the main combustion stages, and the shortest determination delay is set to 30 seconds. During the delay period, continuously observe the slope of the furnace temperature rise trend curve. If it is detected that the curve slope continuously decreases and is lower than 25% of the average value, extend the preheating time until the combustion chamber temperature reaches the set preheating threshold, and reduce the first air supply intensity by 10%.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in the main combustion stage regulation step, adjusting the air supply volume to maintain a stable combustion state means:

[0018] Let the predetermined target temperature rise rate be , and the current temperature change rate is collected in real time , ; both n and n - 1 represent temperature sampling points, and respectively represent the moments corresponding to the temperature sampling points, and respectively represent the temperature values corresponding to the temperature sampling points;

[0019] Calculate the temperature rise deviation factor : ; Calculate the air supply adjustment amount according to the deviation factor : ; are all preset control coefficients, and the corrected air supply volume is , satisfying: ; And limit the corrected air supply volume not to exceed the maximum design value of the fan, is the preset basic air supply volume of the fan.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, triggering the combustion air conditioning operation means:

[0021] There is a pollutant emission prediction formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] ;

[0024] is the current combustion temperature, is the current air supply volume, is the moisture content of the garbage, is the residual carbon rate, is the combustion oxygen concentration, is the predicted carbon monoxide emission concentration, is the predicted nitrogen oxide emission concentration, , , and are all preset influence coefficients, , and are all preset prediction coefficients;

[0025] When the monitoring values of any pollution factor are higher than 80% of the emission threshold for two consecutive times, calculate the pollution risk value :

[0026] ; is the particulate matter emission concentration for real-time monitoring, 、 and are all preset specific gravity coefficients;

[0027] If , then automatically adjust the following control parameters:

[0028] ;

[0029] ;

[0030] ;

[0031] Among them, is the preset safety threshold, 、 and are all preset conversion factors, and are respectively the nitrogen oxide emission threshold and the carbon monoxide emission threshold, is the air supply volume after secondary correction, is the set value of the corrected combustion temperature, is the secondary oxygen injection control value.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, a fully automatic control system for small-scale waste incineration includes:

[0033] A placement identification module for detecting the completion status of waste placement through an infrared sensing device and outputting a start signal;

[0034] A preheating control module for starting the combustion support device to heat the combustion chamber after receiving the start signal and adjusting the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through a temperature detection element until the combustion chamber temperature reaches the set preheating threshold;

[0035] A combustion regulation module for calling preset combustion parameters according to the waste type after reaching the preheating threshold and controlling the combustion support air flow rate, combustion duration, and waste feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion;

[0036] An emission monitoring module for continuously monitoring the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter in the tail gas during the combustion process, and automatically adjusting the combustion air ratio and combustion support time when any pollutant index approaches the emission limit;

[0037] A slag treatment module for controlling the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharge mechanism according to the amount of combustion residues after combustion to achieve automatic removal of combustion residues;

[0038] A data upload module, which is used to collect operation parameters, temperature data and emission data in real time during the entire incineration process and upload them to a remote management terminal.

[0039] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0040] By constructing a complete control chain from garbage placement identification, preheating temperature control, main combustion regulation, emission monitoring feedback, ash slag automatic cleaning to remote data upload, the present invention realizes the full-automatic operation of the whole process. Especially in the preheating stage and the initial stage of combustion, a temperature rise determination mechanism is introduced, enabling the system to automatically judge whether to enter the main combustion stage without manual intervention to confirm the temperature conditions. Multiple key links such as feeding trigger, temperature control regulation, and slag discharge control are all completed through the closed-loop linkage of sensors and control logic, and have the ability of self-starting and self-regulation. Compared with the traditional small incineration equipment that requires frequent manual adjustment of air volume, ash cleaning in the furnace or judgment of the fire condition, the present invention greatly reduces the intensity of manual attendance, is suitable for remote scenarios such as rural areas, scenic spots, and isolated island sites, and improves the operation convenience and system stability while ensuring safety.

[0041] The present invention proposes a combustion parameter model constructed based on garbage types, and uses a convolutional neural network structure to train and fit historical combustion data to obtain the multi-dimensional regulation relationship between air volume, temperature and feed ratio. After judging the current garbage type through garbage placement behavior and environmental parameters, the system can automatically call the corresponding model configuration to accurately adjust the air supply volume, combustion duration and feeding rate, so as to cope with the differences in combustion behavior of different types and different moisture content of garbage. At the same time, a temperature hysteresis identification and feedback mechanism is integrated inside the system. When it detects that the heating trend slows down or there is an abnormal deviation, it can automatically extend the combustion time and appropriately adjust the air supply to avoid incomplete combustion. This mechanism significantly improves the adaptability to complex garbage conditions, ensures the stability of continuous combustion and the thermal energy utilization efficiency, and solves the common pain points of traditional equipment such as "inaccurate adjustment, incomplete burning, and relying on manual labor to solve problems".

[0042] In the combustion process control of the present invention, a pollutant emission prediction model and a dynamic feedback regulation mechanism are introduced, which can effectively achieve intelligent early warning and real-time control of tail gas emissions. The system collects parameters such as combustion temperature, air volume, garbage moisture content, residual carbon content, and oxygen concentration in real time, predicts the emission trends of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, and starts the pollution risk calculation when any pollutant approaches the emission limit twice consecutively, comprehensively judging whether it is necessary to execute the regulation strategy. Once the threshold is triggered, the system will gradually adjust the air volume and reduce the set value of the combustion temperature, and start the secondary oxygen injection treatment device when necessary, so as to achieve the pre-intervention and suppression of the pollution trend. This closed-loop control strategy has both predictability and responsiveness, avoiding environmental problems or legal risks caused by exceeding emissions, enabling small-scale equipment to have the emission management capabilities of large-scale incineration systems, and meeting the comprehensive requirements of modern waste treatment for low-carbon, clean, and safe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings;

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a fully automatic control method for a small-scale waste incinerator in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a fully automatic control system for a small-scale waste incinerator in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Referring to Figure 1 - Figure 2 The following embodiments are obtained:

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] In the current process of urban and rural domestic waste treatment, especially in rural areas, communities, scenic spots, isolated facility sites and other regions, small-scale waste incineration equipment is widely used due to its simple structure and low investment cost. However, the existing small-scale incineration equipment generally has the following problems:

[0050] Relying on manual operation: Processes such as ignition, combustion adjustment, and slag discharge require frequent manual intervention, which is inconvenient to operate and has low efficiency;

[0051] Extensive combustion control: Parameters such as air volume, temperature, and feed are mostly fixed, which cannot cope with changes in garbage type and moisture content, resulting in incomplete combustion and high carbon residue;

[0052] Emissions are difficult to control: Insufficient tail gas monitoring, unable to dynamically respond to excessive pollutants such as CO and NOx, posing a risk of failing to meet environmental standards

[0053] The present invention aims to provide a fully automatic garbage incineration control method and system suitable for small-scale incineration scenarios with high intelligence and high environmental protection performance. Its main purposes include:

[0054] Realize full-process automatic control: from garbage disposal identification to combustion adjustment, slag discharge, and data upload, realize unattended or low-manpower intervention operation;

[0055] Improve combustion efficiency and energy consumption management: Introduce a dynamic combustion control model to achieve accurate adaptation and combustion adjustment for different garbage characteristics and improve thermal energy utilization;

[0056] Ensure emission compliance: Integrated exhaust gas monitoring and feedback mechanism to predict emission risks in advance and proactively adjust to ensure that emissions are always within a safe range;

[0057] Promote the intelligent upgrade of small equipment: Through modular, data-based and model-based construction, improve the competitiveness of small equipment in the field of intelligent environmental protection and promote the popularization of technology.

[0058] A fully automatic control method for small-scale garbage incineration comprises the following steps:

[0059] The initialization step of garbage placement identification detects the completion status of garbage placement through an infrared sensing device and triggers a start signal; the core significance of this step is to provide an efficient and accurate start-up mechanism for the entire incineration process. By setting up an infrared sensing device, the feeding behavior is monitored in real time during the garbage feeding process to ensure that the garbage has actually been put in and to avoid false triggering. This recognition mechanism can not only improve the accuracy of the overall response of the system, but also save unnecessary preheating energy waste. When the infrared device detects that the garbage has passed through the feeding port, it will trigger a start signal. This signal serves as the starting point of the subsequent control logic, effectively connecting the two major process links of "feeding" and "heating". Compared with traditional manual judgment or fixed time start-up methods, this method has higher real-time and reliability, and is especially suitable for unattended or semi-automatic work scenarios.

[0060] Preheating stage control steps: After receiving the start signal, start the combustion-supporting device to heat the combustion chamber, and adjust the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through the temperature detection element until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the set preheating threshold. The setting of this step is mainly used to ensure that the main combustion stage can start under stable and appropriate temperature conditions, thereby improving the overall combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. In this step, the combustion chamber is heated by the combustion-supporting device, and the temperature detection element monitors the temperature change in the furnace in real time, and dynamically adjusts the heating duration and air supply intensity according to the current temperature. This real-time closed-loop adjustment method can not only avoid incomplete combustion caused by insufficient heating, but also prevent overheating and waste of energy. The system judges whether the preheating completion condition is reached according to the set temperature threshold, and only when the preheating target is reached, is it allowed to enter the main combustion stage to ensure the consistency and stability of the combustion efficiency. In addition, this process can also perform self-learning correction on the heating curve according to historical data, such as adjusting the heating strategy according to the ambient temperature, residual heat of the previous round, etc., so as to achieve precise control and energy consumption optimization.

[0061] Main combustion stage regulation steps: After reaching the preheating threshold, execute the corresponding combustion control parameters according to the type of garbage, and control the combustion-supporting air flow, combustion duration and garbage feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion; This step is the core stage of the entire garbage incineration process, and its main significance lies in realizing precise combustion management of different types of garbage through intelligent parameter control. According to the property differences of garbage, such as flammability, moisture content, density, etc., the system presets several groups of combustion parameters, including air flow, combustion duration, feeding rate, etc. After entering this stage, the system will automatically match the corresponding model parameters and execute the optimal combustion strategy, so as to achieve continuous, stable and sufficient incineration effect. This control strategy not only significantly improves the thermal energy utilization efficiency, but also effectively inhibits the pollutant emissions caused by incomplete combustion. At the same time, this stage has a combustion delay recognition mechanism, which can monitor the "temperature hysteresis" state through the temperature change curve and execute timely compensation adjustment to avoid combustion instability. This mechanism greatly enhances the system's adaptability to complex and variable garbage characteristics and improves the overall combustion quality.

[0062] Tail gas emission monitoring and feedback adjustment steps: Continuously monitor the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the tail gas during the combustion process. When any pollutant index approaches the emission limit, automatically adjust the combustion air ratio and combustion-supporting time; The purpose of this step is to monitor the tail gas emissions generated during the incineration process in real time and dynamically, and automatically intervene and adjust when the pollution trend appears to ensure that the emissions meet the standards. The system is equipped with multiple sensing devices to detect the concentration levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in real time, and compare the detection results with the set emission upper limit. Once the concentration of a certain pollutant approaches the threshold, the system triggers the feedback control logic and dynamically adjusts the combustion air ratio and combustion-supporting duration to improve the current combustion state.

[0063] Ash Discharge Step: After combustion ends, control the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharge mechanism according to the amount of combustion residue to complete the automatic discharge of combustion residues. This step aims to achieve the efficient and automated removal of combustion residues, thereby ensuring the continuous operation ability of the equipment and avoiding the decline in combustion efficiency or potential faults caused by ash accumulation. After combustion is completed, the system will automatically calculate the slag discharge cycle and cleaning duration based on the actual residue amount and drive the slag discharge mechanism to start. The slag discharge device with a stepper spiral structure can achieve precise discharge control for different residue volumes, avoiding over-discharge or residue. This mechanism not only reduces the frequency of manual maintenance but also reduces furnace heat loss and improves combustion stability. At the same time, this step can also be linked with the previous step of tail gas monitoring: if the carbon content rate of the residue is too high, it may mean that the previous combustion is incomplete, and the system can accordingly correct the subsequent combustion parameters, further optimize the combustion model, and achieve intelligent closed-loop control. This step is not only the "final link" of the incineration process but also a key link in the self-feedback optimization chain.

[0064] Remote Information Upload Step: During the entire incineration process, real-time collect operation parameters, temperature data, and emission data and transmit them to the remote management terminal. The core value of this step lies in realizing the remote collection, transmission, and supervision of the full life cycle data of the incineration process, thereby greatly improving the equipment operation and maintenance efficiency and information transparency. During the entire incineration process, the system will continuously collect key indicators such as operation parameters, temperature data, combustion curves, and tail gas emission data and upload them to the remote management terminal in real time at a set cycle. This terminal can be used to monitor the equipment operation status, emission compliance, energy consumption level, etc., providing traceable operation data support for the regulatory authorities.

[0065] In the Preheating Stage Control Step, the overall heating rate is controlled within the range of 1.5°C to 3.2°C per second, which can ensure the heating efficiency while avoiding excessive changes in the combustion chamber structure stress or energy consumption waste caused by too fast heating, thereby realizing the stability of the preheating process, the balance of energy utilization, and providing more controllable and precise thermal conditions for the subsequent combustion stage.

[0066] In the main combustion stage regulation steps, a combustion parameter model is set for different types of garbage. The combustion parameter model plots the air volume - temperature - feed ratio curve. After determining the current garbage type, the combustion parameter model is matched to perform the combustion operation. And a combustion delay monitoring mechanism is integrated inside the model. When a "temperature lag phenomenon" where the temperature curve drops by more than 10% below the average heating rate is detected, the combustion time is automatically extended and the air supply volume is adjusted to maintain a stable combustion state. By introducing a combustion parameter model constructed based on a convolutional neural network, accurate modeling and control of the dynamic behavior of different types of garbage during combustion are realized. The model generates a multi-dimensional mapping relationship of air volume - temperature - feed ratio by learning historical combustion data, and can automatically match the optimal combustion strategy according to the currently identified garbage type, improving the combustion efficiency and thermal energy utilization rate. At the same time, the combustion delay monitoring mechanism embedded inside the model can identify abnormal temperature curves in real time, especially the temperature lag phenomenon, and dynamically adjust the combustion duration and air volume accordingly, ensuring a stable and sufficient combustion process, avoiding energy waste and increased emissions, and reflecting a high degree of integration of intelligence and adaptive control.

[0067] In the tail gas emission monitoring and feedback regulation steps, the detection range of carbon monoxide concentration is set from 0 to 2000 ppm, the detection range of nitrogen oxide concentration is from 0 to 1200 ppm, and the accuracy of particulate matter concentration is controlled within ±1 mg / m³. Among them, a multi-point exhaust pipe measurement mechanism is provided, which is respectively arranged at the top of the primary combustion zone, the middle section of the exhaust pipe and the smoke outlet. The emission data is obtained according to the average value of the concentrations at the three points. When the continuous monitoring values of any pollution factor are higher than 80% of the emission threshold twice, the combustion air regulation operation is triggered. By setting carbon monoxide detection covering a concentration range of one thousand to two thousand, nitrogen oxide detection covering a concentration range of zero to one thousand two hundred, and high-precision particulate matter concentration monitoring, a highly sensitive pollution emission perception system is constructed. The multi-point exhaust pipe measurement strategy is adopted, and sensors are arranged at different positions of the combustion outlet to ensure the timeliness and spatial representativeness of the obtained emission data. And through the dynamic judgment of the average value of the concentrations at the three points, single-point misjudgment is effectively avoided. When any pollutant is higher than 80% of the emission threshold twice continuously, the system immediately triggers the air regulation control measure, thus realizing a fast closed-loop of pollution warning response and effectively ensuring environmental protection compliance and safe operation during the incineration process.

[0068] In the ash discharge step, a stepping spiral slag discharge device is used. The ash discharge speed is controlled by controlling the motor speed through the transmission ratio. The stepping spiral slag discharge device automatically sets the slag discharge frequency and transmission ratio according to the carbon content of the combustion residue. By adopting a stepping spiral slag discharge device and combining the transmission ratio to control the motor speed, fine adjustment of the ash discharge speed is achieved to avoid excessive slag discharge or excessive residue affecting subsequent combustion efficiency. The system automatically sets the slag discharge frequency and transmission ratio according to the change in the carbon content in the residue after combustion, forming an adaptive adjustment mechanism based on the slag discharge load characteristics. This technical solution belongs to the application optimization of existing mature technologies in the field of intelligent control. It can achieve the coordinated matching of slag discharge rhythm and combustion status without relying on manual judgment, improve the continuity and automation level of equipment operation, and is particularly suitable for small unattended incineration scenarios.

[0069] A judgment delay mechanism is introduced between the preheating and main combustion stages, and the shortest judgment delay is set to 30 seconds. During the delay period, the slope of the furnace temperature rise trend curve is continuously observed. If the curve slope is detected to continue to decline and is lower than 25% of the average value, the preheating time is extended until the combustion chamber temperature reaches the set preheating threshold, and the first air supply intensity is reduced by 10%. The introduction of the judgment delay mechanism between the preheating and main combustion stages is of great significance for stability assurance. By setting a minimum judgment delay of thirty seconds, the system does not immediately enter the main combustion during the conversion stage, but uses this delay to continuously observe the slope change of the furnace temperature rise trend curve, so as to dynamically determine whether the preheating is truly completed. When it is detected that the slope of the temperature rise curve continues to decline, and the decline exceeds one-fourth of the average heating rate, it means that the furnace has not yet reached the ideal thermal stability state, and there may be insufficient preheating or large heat loss in the furnace body. At this time, the system will automatically extend the preheating time to ensure that the combustion chamber temperature fully reaches the preset threshold and provides sufficient heat basis for subsequent combustion. At the same time, in order to avoid thermal shock caused by excessive temperature rise, the system will automatically reduce the first air supply intensity by 10% at the beginning of the main combustion to buffer the temperature change rate in the early stage of combustion and ensure a smoother combustion process. This mechanism constitutes a control logic of dynamic judgment-active correction-slow start, which embodies the integration strategy of precise thermal control and flexible transition, and effectively improves the safety, energy saving and combustion efficiency of the overall operation of the system.

[0070] In the main combustion stage control step, adjusting the air supply volume to maintain a stable combustion state means:

[0071] Assume that the target temperature rise rate is , real-time acquisition of current temperature change rate , ; n and n-1 both represent temperature sampling points, and They represent the time corresponding to the temperature sampling point, and respectively represent the temperature values corresponding to the temperature sampling points;

[0072] Calculate the temperature rise deviation factor : ; Calculate the air supply adjustment amount based on the deviation factor : ; are all preset control coefficients, and the adjusted air supply volume is , satisfying: ; And limit the adjusted air supply volume not exceeding the maximum design value of the fan, is the preset basic air supply volume of the fan.

[0073] The air supply adjustment mechanism in this combustion stage adopts a dynamic adjustment method based on the prediction of the temperature rise trend. Its core significance lies in: setting the target temperature rise rate as the control benchmark, and collecting the actual change rate of the current combustion zone temperature over time in real time, and calculating the deviation value between the two. This deviation represents the gap between the current temperature rise state and the expected target. Based on this deviation value and its change trend, the system uses a set of pre-set proportional coefficients and change response coefficients to calculate the adjustment range of the air supply volume.

[0074] Subsequently, this adjustment value is superimposed on the basic air supply volume to form a new air supply setting value, and it is limited that this setting value does not exceed the maximum air volume range allowed for the safe operation of the equipment. This adjustment method not only considers the active air increase when the temperature rise is insufficient, but also can cope with the air volume suppression when the temperature rises too fast, so as to achieve fine control of the combustion process and avoid combustion fluctuations and energy efficiency losses.

[0075] By introducing two control variables, namely "the difference between the actual temperature rise and the target temperature rise" and "the change rate of this difference", the system has a proportional-derivative control logic, making the adjustment response smoother, suitable for small-scale incineration environments with unstable waste composition and large calorific value fluctuations, and improving the adaptive ability and environmental protection compliance rate of the combustion process. The significant advantage of this control strategy lies in: not only can it maintain the stability of the combustion temperature, but also can effectively suppress the energy consumption waste and emission increase caused by excessive air supply, reflecting the control goals of high efficiency, intelligence and energy saving.

[0076] Triggering the combustion air adjustment operation means:

[0077] There is a pollutant emission prediction formula:

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] is the current combustion temperature, is the current air supply volume, is the moisture content of the garbage, is the residual carbon rate, is the combustion oxygen concentration, is the predicted carbon monoxide emission concentration, is the predicted nitrogen oxide emission concentration, 、 、 and are all preset influence coefficients, 、 and are all preset prediction coefficients;

[0081] When the monitoring value of any pollution factor is higher than the 80% emission threshold for two consecutive times, calculate the pollution risk value :

[0082] ; is the particulate matter emission concentration of real-time monitoring, 、 and are all preset specific gravity coefficients;

[0083] If , then automatically adjust the following control parameters:

[0084] ;

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] Among them, is the preset safety threshold, 、 and are all preset conversion factors, and are the nitrogen oxide emission threshold and the carbon monoxide emission threshold respectively, is the air supply volume after secondary correction, is the corrected combustion temperature setting value, is the secondary oxygen injection control value.

[0088] During the waste incineration process, to ensure that the tail gas emissions are continuously and stably within the environmental protection standards, the present invention proposes a prediction-feedback linkage adjustment mechanism based on the pollutant emission trend. This mechanism constructs a comprehensive model of multiple factors to predict in real time the three pollutant emission indicators, namely, carbon monoxide concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, and particulate matter concentration, under the current combustion conditions. The model obtains the predicted values of the three pollutants based on parameters such as combustion temperature, air supply volume, waste moisture content, residue carbon content, and oxygen concentration, and combines multiple prediction coefficients to form a pollution risk value.

[0089] When, in two consecutive detections, the value of any one pollutant exceeds 80% of the emission limit, the system will initiate a pollution risk assessment calculation. If the comprehensive pollution risk value exceeds the preset safety threshold, the automatic feedback adjustment mechanism will be triggered. At this time, the control system will sequentially adjust three key control variables, namely, the air supply volume, the set value of the combustion temperature, and the secondary combustion assistance action.

[0090] The first adjustment variable is the "air supply volume after secondary correction", which is calculated based on the current air supply volume, i.e., the "air supply volume after the first correction". This adjustment operation multiplies the pollution risk value by a control proportionality factor to obtain a downward adjustment value for the air supply, which is then deducted from the previous stage's air supply base value, i.e., the current air supply volume, to form a more refined air supply control. This adjustment aims to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides caused by excessive air supply.

[0091] The second is the adjustment of the combustion temperature target value. When the predicted carbon monoxide concentration is higher than the set limit value, the system will reduce the target temperature setting to make the combustion reaction tend to be mild, reduce the possibility of incomplete combustion, and thus reduce the formation of carbon monoxide.

[0092] The third is the secondary combustion assistance control value, that is, when the nitrogen oxide concentration is close to the limit value, the reaction is reprocessed by increasing the secondary air or the oxygen injection volume of the burner to further reduce the harmful components in the tail gas.

[0093] The entire mechanism not only realizes the early identification, real-time prediction, and dynamic response of pollutants, but also achieves the connection of multi-stage parameters and data inheritance during the adjustment process, and has a high degree of self-adaptability and multi-objective collaborative control ability. The generation of the "air supply volume after secondary correction" is further processed based on the "air supply value after the first correction", which reflects the continuity and hierarchical progression in the control logic and is an important guarantee for achieving high-precision combustion control and emission management.

[0094] Embodiment 2: A fully automatic control system for small-scale waste incineration, comprising:

[0095] A feeding identification module, which is used to detect the completion status of waste feeding through an infrared sensing device and output a start signal;

[0096] The preheating control module is used to start the combustion-supporting device to heat the combustion chamber after receiving the start signal, and adjust the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through the temperature detection element until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the set preheating threshold;

[0097] The combustion regulation module is used to call the preset combustion parameters according to the type of garbage after reaching the preheating threshold, and control the combustion-supporting air flow rate, combustion duration and garbage feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion;

[0098] The emission monitoring module is used to continuously monitor the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the tail gas during the combustion process. When any pollutant index approaches the emission limit, it performs automatic adjustment of the combustion air ratio and combustion-supporting time;

[0099] The ash residue treatment module is used to control the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharging mechanism according to the amount of combustion residue after combustion, and realize the automatic removal of combustion residues;

[0100] The data uploading module is used to collect operation parameters, temperature data and emission data in real time during the entire incineration process and upload them to the remote management terminal.

[0101] Embodiment 1: The full-automatic start-up process based on the recognition-preheating cooperation mechanism:

[0102] This embodiment adopts the structure of the linkage between the feeding recognition device and the preheating temperature control and regulation unit, and constructs an automatic connection process from garbage feeding to the completion of combustion preparation. An infrared sensing element is set at the garbage input port. Once an effective feeding behavior is detected, a start signal is automatically sent to trigger the combustion-supporting device to heat the combustion chamber. During the preheating process, the furnace temperature data is continuously obtained through the temperature sensing device, and the heating is adjusted at a rate of 1 to 3.2 degrees Celsius per second. The system will judge in real time whether the current temperature rise speed is stable. If it is lower than the preset trend threshold, the heating time will be automatically extended and the entry into the main combustion stage will be postponed to ensure that the combustion chamber reaches the ideal thermal state. This process can automatically identify the feeding, judge the preheating state and intelligently control the air supply without manual intervention, laying a good thermal engineering foundation for the subsequent combustion process and effectively improving the stability and thermal efficiency of incineration.

[0103] Embodiment 2: The intelligent combustion regulation strategy based on garbage type recognition and combustion parameter model:

[0104] In this embodiment, aiming at the differences in the combustion characteristics of different types of garbage during the incineration process, a combustion parameter model is adopted for intelligent control. The model is constructed by a neural network with a convolutional structure, has the ability of autonomous learning and parameter fitting, and can output the multi-dimensional relationship among the air volume - temperature - feed ratio. The system automatically matches the corresponding model configuration according to the identified garbage type, and controls the air supply volume, combustion duration and feed rate. During the combustion process, the system continuously monitors the temperature change curve. If there is a "temperature hysteresis phenomenon" where the rising slope of the temperature drops by more than 10% of the average value, the combustion time is automatically extended, and the air volume is readjusted to maintain a stable combustion state. This strategy can dynamically and adaptively adjust the combustion conditions in the face of large changes in characteristics such as high-moisture garbage and light combustibles, thus solving the problems of "incomplete combustion" or "severe heat fluctuations" in traditional small-scale incineration equipment, and improving the reliability and adaptability of the combustion process.

[0105] Embodiment 3: Closed-loop treatment solution for pollutants based on emission prediction model and feedback control:

[0106] This embodiment introduces a set of pollutant emission prediction and feedback control mechanisms to achieve intelligent adjustment of incineration tail gas and environmental protection compliance control. During the combustion process, the system uses the embedded prediction model to calculate the emission trend values of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter respectively according to parameters such as the current temperature, air volume, garbage moisture content, residual carbon content and oxygen concentration. When the monitored values of any pollution factor exceed 80% of the emission limit for two consecutive times, the system automatically calculates the comprehensive risk value. If this risk value exceeds the preset threshold, three control actions are executed in sequence: one is to further reduce the air supply volume, which is corrected based on the reference air volume; the second is to moderately lower the target combustion temperature to inhibit incomplete combustion at high temperatures; the third is to start the secondary oxygen injection treatment device for post-treatment of the tail gas, adjust the combustion air ratio, and control the combustion support time. This embodiment establishes a full-process closed-loop treatment system from "pollution prediction → risk assessment → control feedback → multi-objective adjustment", which not only effectively suppresses excessive tail gas emissions, but also reduces the dependence on manual adjustment, providing the same level of environmental protection control ability for small-scale incineration devices as large-scale equipment.

[0107] The above formulas are all calculated by taking the numerical values after dimensionless, and the formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation to get a formula that is closest to the actual situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0108] In the multiple calculation formulas involved in the present invention, the interference intensity index, impact breadth index, and the parameters such as the number of sub-packets, packet sending time interval, and reception time extension value calculated therefrom are all subjected to unified numerical standardization processing to ensure the dimensional consistency and applicability in the formula calculation process. In order to avoid the problem of dimensional disorder or mismatch in the formula calculation, the present invention uses a normalization method and a standard data preprocessing process to unify the units and reduce the dimensions of the original collected data during the design phase. Specifically, all operating parameters collected by the system, such as signal strength reception value, signal-to-noise ratio, packet loss rate, retransmission rate, etc., are processed by a standardized algorithm based on dimensionless theory and converted into a unified relative value or standard value, thereby eliminating the unit difference and dimensional interference between different parameters, and ensuring that the numerical operations of each variable and adjustment coefficient in the formula have mathematical rationality and physical consistency.

[0109] The parameters such as adjustment coefficient, amplification factor, dominant coefficient, balance coefficient, etc. used in the formula are all based on the data model that has completed unit elimination and dimensionality reduction, and are obtained through a large number of experimental verifications and simulation tests on standardized data sets. The setting of these coefficients not only conforms to the basic principle of dimensional balance in engineering calculations, but is also repeatedly verified through system simulation and laboratory environment to ensure that the reliability and adaptability of the calculation results will not be affected by the inconsistency of data dimensions. Through the above method, the structure of all formulas in the present invention maintains mathematical logic self-consistency and physical dimension consistency, which can ensure that the calculation model has wide applicability and engineering feasibility under different application environments and system configurations.

[0110] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0111] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0112] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0113] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the said claims.

Claims

1. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The step of initializing the delivery recognition, detecting the completion status of waste delivery through an infrared sensing device, and triggering a start signal; The step of controlling the preheating stage, after receiving the start signal, starting the combustion support device to heat the combustion chamber, and adjusting the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through a temperature detection element until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the set preheating threshold; The step of regulating the main combustion stage, after reaching the preheating threshold, executing corresponding combustion control parameters according to the waste type, controlling the combustion-supporting air flow rate, combustion duration, and waste feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion; The step of monitoring and feedback regulation of tail gas emissions, continuously monitoring the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter in the tail gas during combustion, and automatically adjusting the combustion air ratio and combustion-supporting time when any pollutant index approaches the emission limit; The step of discharging ash residue, after combustion ends, controlling the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharging mechanism according to the amount of combustion residue to complete the automatic discharge of combustion residues; The step of uploading remote information, in the whole incineration process, collecting operation parameters, temperature data, and emission data in real time and transmitting them to a remote management terminal.

2. The fully automatic control method for small garbage incineration according to claim 1, wherein In the step of controlling the preheating stage, the overall heating rate is controlled within the range of 1.5°C to 3.2°C per second.

3. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step of regulating the main combustion stage, a combustion parameter model is set for different waste types. The combustion parameter model plots the air volume - temperature - feed ratio curve. After determining the current waste type, the combustion parameter model is matched to execute the combustion operation, and a combustion delay monitoring mechanism is integrated inside the model. When it is detected that the temperature curve shows a "temperature hysteresis phenomenon" where it is more than 10% lower than the average heating rate, the combustion time is automatically extended and the air supply volume is adjusted to maintain a stable combustion state.

4. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the step of monitoring and feedback regulation of tail gas emissions, the detection range of carbon monoxide concentration is set from 0 to 2000 ppm, the detection range of nitrogen oxides concentration is from 0 to 1200 ppm, and the accuracy of particulate matter concentration is controlled within ±1 mg / m³; among them, a multi-point exhaust pipe measurement mechanism is provided, which is respectively arranged at the top of the primary combustion zone, the middle section of the exhaust pipe, and the smoke outlet. The emission data is obtained according to the average value of the three-point concentrations, and when the continuous two monitoring values of any pollution factor are higher than 80% of the emission threshold, the combustion air adjustment operation is triggered.

5. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the step of discharging ash residue, a stepping spiral slag discharging device is adopted, and the motor speed is controlled through the transmission ratio to control the ash residue discharging speed. The stepping spiral slag discharging device automatically sets the slag discharging frequency and transmission ratio according to the carbon content rate of the combustion residue.

6. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 5, characterized in that, A determination delay mechanism is introduced between the preheating and main combustion stages, and the shortest determination delay is set to 30 seconds. During the delay period, the slope of the furnace temperature rise trend curve is continuously observed. If it is detected that the curve slope continuously decreases and is lower than 25% of the average value, the preheating time is extended until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the set preheating threshold, and the first air supply intensity is reduced by 10%.

7. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step of regulating the main combustion stage, adjusting the air supply volume to maintain a stable combustion state means: Set the predetermined target temperature rising rate as and collect the current temperature change rate in real time , ; Both n and n - 1 represent temperature sampling points and represent the moments corresponding to the temperature sampling points respectively and represent the temperature values corresponding to the temperature sampling points respectively Calculate the temperature rise deviation factor : ; Calculate the air supply adjustment amount based on the deviation factor : ; are all preset control coefficients, and the corrected air supply volume is , satisfying: ; and limit the corrected air supply volume not exceeding the maximum design value of the fan, is the preset basic air supply volume of the fan.

8. A fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration according to claim 7, characterized in that, Triggering the combustion air adjustment operation means: There is a pollutant emission prediction formula: ； ； is the current combustion temperature, is the current air supply volume, is the moisture content of the garbage, is the residual carbon rate, is the combustion oxygen concentration, is the predicted carbon monoxide emission concentration, is the predicted nitrogen oxide emission concentration, , , and are all preset influence coefficients, , and are all preset prediction coefficients; When the monitoring values of any pollution factor are higher than 80% of the emission threshold for two consecutive times, calculate the pollution risk value as follows: ; is the particulate matter emission concentration for real-time monitoring, , and are all preset specific gravity coefficients; If , the following control parameters are automatically adjusted: ； ； ； wherein, is a preset safety threshold value, , and are both preset conversion factors, and are the nitrogen oxide emission threshold value and the carbon monoxide emission threshold value respectively, is the air supply volume after secondary correction, is the set value of the corrected combustion temperature, is the secondary oxygen injection control value.

9. A fully automatic control system for small-scale waste incineration, which is used to implement a fully automatic control method for small-scale waste incineration as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes: A delivery recognition module, used to detect the completion status of waste delivery through an infrared sensing device and output a start signal; The preheating control module is used to start the combustion-supporting device to heat the combustion chamber after receiving the start signal, and adjust the heating duration and air supply intensity in real time through the temperature detection element until the temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the set preheating threshold; The combustion regulation module is used to call the preset combustion parameters according to the type of garbage after reaching the preheating threshold, and control the combustion-supporting air flow rate, combustion duration and garbage feeding rate to achieve continuous and stable combustion; The emission monitoring module is used to continuously monitor the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the tail gas during the combustion process. When any pollutant index approaches the emission limit, it performs automatic adjustment of the combustion air ratio and combustion-supporting time; The ash residue treatment module is used to control the working cycle and cleaning duration of the slag discharging mechanism according to the amount of combustion residue after combustion to achieve automatic discharge of combustion residues; The data uploading module is used to collect operation parameters, temperature data and emission data in real time during the entire incineration process and upload them to the remote management terminal.

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