High-precision multi-layer sliding shaft clamp based on wedge-shaped guide rail structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft clamp based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure, and relates to the field of micro-lens array manufacturing and other ultra-precision machining. The problem that in the ultra-precision machining process, when a machine tool is not provided with a guide rail in the vertical direction, centering cannot be efficiently achieved is solved, and the problems that in a traditional centering mode, operation is tedious, the installation and adjustment time is long, the production cost is high, and the machining efficiency is low are solved. A second-stage bottom plate relatively sliding in the ascending direction is arranged above a first-stage bottom plate, and a servo motor transmits power to a transmission mechanism to achieve horizontal linear motion of the second-stage bottom plate relative to the first-stage bottom plate; a third-level bottom plate which relatively slides in the ascending direction is arranged above the second-level bottom plate, a main shaft holding clamp which relatively slides in the direction perpendicular to the ascending direction is arranged above the third-level bottom plate, and the first-level bottom plate and the second-level bottom plate, the second-level bottom plate and the third-level bottom plate and the third-level bottom plate and the main shaft holding clamp are detachably connected through locking pieces. The device is used for achieving vertical centering work of the machine tool spindle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of micro - lens array manufacturing and other ultra - precision machining, and particularly to a high - precision multi - layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge - shaped guide rail structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of optical technology and precision machining technology, micro - lens arrays are increasingly widely used in the fields of optical communication, optical imaging, lasers, and sensing. However, since micro - lens arrays are usually made of hard and brittle materials, and their geometric dimensions are tiny and the precision requirements are extremely high, their processing technology faces many challenges.

[0003] Existing micro - lens array processing equipment usually relies on the vertical guide rail of the machine tool itself or the workpiece adjustment mechanism to achieve the vertical centering of the main shaft and the workpiece. This traditional centering method is not only cumbersome to operate, consuming a large amount of time, but also places high requirements on the machine tool equipment, increasing the production cost. In the case where the machine tool lacks a vertical guide rail or the guide rail accuracy is insufficient, vertical centering becomes even more difficult.

[0004] In addition, the method of vertical centering of the main shaft and the workpiece generally also uses the method of adding pads or shims under the main shaft seat. However, when adding pads or shims, it is necessary to repeatedly try different thicknesses of pads or shims, and the main shaft seat needs to be repeatedly disassembled during the trial process. The operation is cumbersome and time - consuming, directly affecting the processing efficiency and processing quality.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN116890300A and the publication date of November 17, 2023 discloses an adjusting device for adjusting the center height of a grinding spindle and an ultra - precision grinding device. Although this device provides a relatively simple solution for adjusting the center height of the grinding spindle, the overall technical solution mainly relies on mechanical adjustment, lacks automation and high - precision feedback control, and still requires a lot of manual intervention during the adjustment process, having certain drawbacks in terms of adaptability and processing efficiency. This device relies on screw self - locking and elastic parts for anti - loosening, is easily affected by the load, and has low reliability. To meet the needs of high - efficiency production, there is an urgent need for an innovative solution to complete and simplify the installation and adjustment process when the machine tool itself does not have the vertical adjustment ability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that when the machine tool has no guide rail in the vertical direction during the ultra - precision machining process, it is impossible to efficiently achieve centering, and the problems of the traditional centering method, such as cumbersome operation, long installation and adjustment time, high production cost, and low processing efficiency. Furthermore, a high - precision multi - layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge - shaped guide rail structure is provided.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure, the fixture comprising a first-level base plate 1, a second-level base plate 2, a third-level base plate 3, a spindle clamp 4, a transmission mechanism 5, a servo motor 6, a first-level locking member, a second-level locking member, and a third-level locking member;

[0009] The first-level base plate 1 is horizontally arranged on the B-axis of the machine tool. Both the first-level base plate 1 and the second-level base plate 2 are wedge-shaped structures. The upper surface of the first-level base plate 1 and the lower surface of the second-level base plate 2 have the same slope. Above the first-level base plate 1, there is a second-level base plate 2 that slides relatively in the ascending direction. The first-level base plate 1 and the second-level base plate 2 are detachably connected by a first-level locking member;

[0010] A transmission mechanism 5 is provided between the first-level base plate 1 and the second-level base plate 2. The output end of the transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the second-level base plate 2, and the input end of the transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the servo motor 6. The servo motor 6 transmits power to the transmission mechanism 5 to achieve the horizontal linear motion of the second-level base plate 2 relative to the first-level base plate 1;

[0011] Above the second-level base plate 2, there is a third-level base plate 3 that slides relatively in the ascending direction. The third-level base plate 3 is a cuboid structure. The second-level base plate 2 and the third-level base plate 3 are detachably connected by a second-level locking member;

[0012] Above the third-level base plate 3, there is a spindle clamp 4 that slides relatively perpendicular to the ascending direction. The third-level base plate 3 and the spindle clamp 4 are detachably connected by a third-level locking member.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism 5 is a gear-rack transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism 5 includes two racks 5-1 and two output spur gears 5-2. On the left and right side walls of the second-level base plate 2, there are symmetrically arranged two racks 5-1 along the ascending direction. The lower surface of the rack 5-1 and the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1 and the lower surface of the second-level base plate 2 have the same slope. The two racks 5-1 are respectively engaged with the two output spur gears 5-2 arranged below. The two output spur gears 5-2 are respectively rotatably installed on the left and right side walls of the second-level base plate 2.

[0014] Further, the transmission mechanism 5 further includes an input shaft 5-3, a bevel gear set, a first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4, a second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5, four input spur gears 5-6, and a plurality of transmission spur gears 5-7. At the bottom of the first-stage base plate 1, there is a horizontally arranged input shaft 5-3 along the ascending direction. One end of the input shaft 5-3 is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 6. On the side of the input shaft 5-3 away from the servo motor 6, there are a first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and a second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 horizontally arranged side by side perpendicular to the ascending direction. Both the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are rotatably connected to the first-stage base plate 1. The input shaft 5-3 is connected to the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 through the bevel gear set. The ends of the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are respectively connected by four input spur gears 5-6 that mesh with each other in pairs. The two input spur gears 5-6 at the end of the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are respectively connected to the two output spur gears 5-2 through a plurality of transmission spur gears 5-7 to transmit power.

[0015] Further, the inclination angles of the lower surface of the rack 5-1, the upper surface of the first-stage base plate 1, and the lower surface of the second-stage base plate 2 are all 2° to 8°.

[0016] Further, the fixture further includes a locking mechanism 7. The locking mechanism 7 is a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism. The locking mechanism 7 includes two ratchets 7-1 and two pawls 7-2. The two ratchets 7-1 are respectively installed at both ends of the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5. The two ratchets 7-1 are respectively engaged with the two pawls 7-2. The two pawls 7-2 are respectively installed on the left and right side walls of the first-stage base plate 1.

[0017] Further, the fixture further includes two first-stage base plate connecting sliders 8-1, two second-stage base plate connecting sliders 8-2, and two third-stage base plate connecting sliders 8-3;

[0018] On the upper surface of the first-stage base plate 1, there are two first convex guide grooves 101 horizontally arranged side by side along the ascending direction. On the lower surface of the second-stage base plate 2, there are two first rectangular guide grooves 201 corresponding to the two first convex guide grooves 101. The upper and lower ends of the two first-stage base plate connecting sliders 8-1 are respectively slidably matched with the two first rectangular guide grooves 201 and the two first convex guide grooves 101. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the first-stage base plate connecting slider 8-1 and the groove bottom surface of the first rectangular guide groove 201. The first-stage base plate 1, the first-stage base plate connecting slider 8-1, and the second-stage base plate 2 are connected by a first locking member;

[0019] The upper surface of the secondary base plate 2 is provided with two secondary convex guide rail grooves 202 arranged side by side in the left - right direction along the rising direction. The lower surface of the tertiary base plate 3 is provided with two secondary rectangular guide rail grooves 301 corresponding to the two secondary convex guide rail grooves 202. The upper and lower ends of the two secondary base plate connecting sliders 8 - 2 are respectively slidably engaged with the two secondary rectangular guide rail grooves 301 and the two secondary convex guide rail grooves 202. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the secondary base plate connecting slider 8 - 2 and the groove bottom surface of the secondary rectangular guide rail groove 301. The secondary base plate 2, the secondary base plate connecting slider 8 - 2 and the tertiary base plate 3 are connected by secondary locking members;

[0020] The upper surface of the tertiary base plate 3 is provided with two tertiary convex guide rail grooves 302 arranged side by side in the front - back direction perpendicular to the rising direction. The lower ends of the two tertiary base plate connecting sliders 8 - 3 are respectively slidably engaged with the two tertiary convex guide rail grooves 302. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the tertiary base plate connecting slider 8 - 3 and the lower surface of the spindle clamp 4. The tertiary base plate 3, the tertiary base plate connecting slider 8 - 3 and the spindle clamp 4 are connected by tertiary locking members.

[0021] Furthermore, the primary locking members include four primary locking screws 10. Two primary locking threaded holes 8 - 1 - 1 are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each primary base plate connecting slider 8 - 1. Four primary locking counter - sunk holes 203 corresponding to the four primary locking threaded holes 8 - 1 - 1 on the two primary base plate connecting sliders 8 - 1 are opened on the upper surface of the secondary base plate 2. The four primary locking screws 10 respectively pass vertically through the four primary locking counter - sunk holes 203 and are threadedly connected with the four primary locking threaded holes 8 - 1 - 1;

[0022] The secondary locking members include four secondary locking screws. Two secondary locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each secondary base plate connecting slider 8 - 2. Four secondary locking counter - sunk holes 303 corresponding to the four secondary locking threaded holes on the two secondary base plate connecting sliders 8 - 2 are opened on the upper surface of the tertiary base plate 3. The four secondary locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four secondary locking counter - sunk holes 303 and are threadedly connected with the four secondary locking threaded holes;

[0023] The tertiary locking members include four tertiary locking screws. Two tertiary locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each tertiary base plate connecting slider 8 - 3. Four tertiary locking round holes 401 corresponding to the four tertiary locking threaded holes on the two tertiary base plate connecting sliders 8 - 3 are opened on the upper surface of the spindle clamp 4. The four tertiary locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four tertiary locking round holes 401 and are threadedly connected with the four tertiary locking threaded holes.

[0024] Furthermore, the fixture further includes four primary limiting members 9 - 1, two secondary limiting members 9 - 2 and two tertiary limiting members 9 - 3. The primary limiting members 9 - 1, the secondary limiting members 9 - 2 and the tertiary limiting members 9 - 3 are all block - shaped structures.

[0025] On the front and rear wall plates of the first-level base plate 1, four first-level limit members 9-1 arranged in pairs and opposite to each other are provided respectively, and the four first-level limit members 9-1 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the longitudinal center line of the first-level base plate 1;

[0026] On the front and rear wall plates of the second-level base plate 2, two second-level limit members 9-2 arranged opposite to each other are provided respectively, and the center line of the two second-level limit members 9-2 coincides with the longitudinal center line of the second-level base plate 2;

[0027] On the left and right wall plates of the third-level base plate 3, two third-level limit members 9-3 arranged opposite to each other are provided respectively, and the center line of the two third-level limit members 9-3 coincides with the transverse center line of the third-level base plate 3.

[0028] Furthermore, the spindle clamp 4 includes a hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1, a clamp base plate 4-2, three spindle locking bolts and three spindle locking nuts. In the middle of the top end of the clamp base plate 4-2, a hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 arranged horizontally along the rising direction is provided. The hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 is integrally formed with the clamp base plate 4-2. A gap 402 penetrating the front and rear end faces of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 is opened at the top of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1. On the left and right sides of the gap 402, three groups of spindle locking counterbore holes 403 arranged in pairs and opposite to each other are opened. The three spindle locking bolts respectively pass through the three groups of spindle locking counterbore holes 403 and are threadedly connected with the three spindle locking nuts.

[0029] Furthermore, the fixture further includes a displacement sensor assembly 11. The displacement sensor assembly 11 includes an elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1 and two laser displacement sensors 11-2. A rectangular groove is opened on the upper surface of the third-level base plate 3 perpendicular to the rising direction. The elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1 is embedded in the rectangular groove. Two symmetrically arranged rectangular sensor mounting through holes are opened at the left and right ends of the rectangular groove respectively. The two laser displacement sensors 11-2 are respectively embedded in the two rectangular sensor mounting through holes. The tops of the two laser displacement sensors 11-2 are connected to the elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1.

[0030] The present invention has the following effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. Through the design of the height-adjustable spindle fixture of the present invention, there is no need to frequently adjust the workpiece position or use gaskets to adjust the spindle position. Only simple operations are required to achieve efficient centering, thereby improving the processing efficiency. Using the motor as the power source reduces the operation burden of the user and significantly saves the operation time.

[0032] 2. The present invention is a machine tool spindle fixture with an electric lifting function, specifically designed for slow tool servo turning of micro-lens arrays. Through a rigid connection with the B-axis of the machine tool, the fixture ensures the rotational accuracy of the spindle. Meanwhile, it integrates a convenient height adjustment mechanism, making the vertical centering work simpler and more efficient. With the help of this fixture, operators can complete the precise height adjustment of the spindle through the lifting function of the fixture without relying on the vertical guide rail of the machine tool, thus reducing the requirements for machine tool equipment during processing.

[0033] 3. Considering the urgent market demand for high-performance micro-lens array processing equipment, the fixture of the present invention fills the deficiencies of traditional machine tool spindle structures in terms of flexibility and precision adjustment capabilities, providing technical support for the further promotion and application of slow tool servo turning technology.

[0034] 4. The fixture of the present invention has achieved a breakthrough optimization on the basis of the functions of traditional fixtures. Even when the machine tool does not have high-precision vertical adjustment capabilities or there is no guide rail, the centering work can be easily completed. In addition, the adjustment range and accuracy of the fixture are strictly designed and can flexibly adapt to the processing requirements of different workpieces. This not only reduces the burden on operators during the installation and adjustment process but also significantly improves the flexibility and adaptability of processing. For the processing of micro-lens arrays that require high-precision centering, this fixture can greatly shorten the installation and adjustment time, improve processing efficiency, and reduce the overall complexity and cost of the processing system.

[0035] 5. The design of the present invention provides an efficient, convenient, and low-cost vertical centering solution. While meeting the requirements of high-precision processing, it optimizes the processing process, reduces equipment requirements, and brings important value to the development of micro-lens array manufacturing and other ultra-precision processing fields.

[0036] The present invention also has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0037] I) In terms of structural design and motion mode

[0038] The present invention adopts a multi-layer structure and a wedge-shaped guide rail design, with a multi-layer structure of the first-level, second-level, and third-level bottom plates. The inclined surfaces of the wedge-shaped guide rails are used to cooperate with the rack and pinion drive between the layers, and the horizontal linear motion is converted into vertical height adjustment by using the guide rail surfaces with the same slope. This design not only ensures the tight fit between the layers but also enables the overall system to achieve precise spindle centering on machine tools lacking high-precision vertical guide rails.

[0039] The prior art adopts a single adjustment mechanism, with a single-layer inclined plane structure, and manually adjusts the height through the cooperation of the adjustment block and the inclined surface of the clamping seat with a threaded rod. The structure is simple and there is no layered design.

[0040] II) In terms of drive mode and automation level

[0041] The present invention adopts servo drive and rack and pinion transmission, equipped with a servo motor and a rack and pinion transmission mechanism, which can automatically achieve precise horizontal linear motion of the secondary base plate, and thus convert it into vertical adjustment of the spindle clamping. The transmission ratio of the transmission mechanism is less than 1, the minimum adjustment step can reach 0.038 mm, and it is equipped with a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism to ensure stable position. This electric drive method not only reduces the operation difficulty, but also greatly improves the adjustment efficiency and the accuracy of repeated positioning.

[0042] The prior art mainly relies on mechanical adjustment, mainly relying on the threaded connection between the adjusting rod and the adjusting block to achieve height adjustment. Its adjustment process requires manual operation, and the adjustment speed and accuracy are limited by the stability of mechanical transmission and the operator's operation experience, with relatively low automation.

[0043] (III) In terms of adjustment accuracy and feedback control

[0044] The present invention adopts an integrated laser displacement sensor, which integrates a displacement sensor component (using a laser displacement sensor), and can real-time monitor the relative displacement of each component during the adjustment process to ensure high precision and stability during the adjustment process. This closed-loop control greatly improves the reliability and fineness of the centering adjustment.

[0045] The prior art has no real-time feedback monitoring. In the existing adjustment devices, there is no application of a similar high-precision sensor. It mainly relies on the geometric fit of the mechanical structure for height adjustment, and it is difficult to achieve the precision level reflected in this patent.

[0046] The present invention solves the problem of machine tool centering. Aiming at the problem that the machine tool itself lacks high-precision vertical guide rails or the guide rail accuracy is insufficient, the present invention realizes automatic and high-precision centering of the spindle height through a multi-layer sliding and wedge-shaped guide rail structure, which not only simplifies the operation process, but also significantly improves the processing efficiency and stability.

[0047] Although the existing patents simplify the adjustment operation to a certain extent, there are still the following deficiencies in terms of accuracy, automation, and the improvement of the applicability to machine tools:

[0048] Firstly, the manual adjustment has low efficiency and limited accuracy (micrometer level);

[0049] Secondly, it lacks position locking and real-time monitoring and is easily affected by vibration;

[0050] Thirdly, the adjustment range of the single-layer structure is limited and cannot meet the multi-dimensional requirements of ultra-precision machining.

[0051] The present invention features high automation and high stability. Generally speaking, the present invention adopts an innovative design of multi-layer sliding and wedge-shaped guide rails in terms of structure, realizes automatic height adjustment through servo drive and gear transmission, and is supplemented by laser sensor feedback control to ensure extremely high adjustment accuracy and rapid response. The locking mechanism uses a ratchet locking mechanism to prevent displacement caused by machining vibration, which shows significant advantages in practical applications in terms of centering efficiency, machining stability, and reducing requirements for machine tools.

[0052] Comprehensive comparison of the present invention with the prior art

[0053] Technical differences: This patent realizes automatic adjustment through a multi-layer wedge-shaped guide rail structure and servo drive, and combines a laser displacement sensor to achieve precise feedback; while the prior patent adopts a simple adjustment block and adjustment rod structure and mainly relies on manual screwing to achieve adjustment.

[0054] Technical problems solved: This patent mainly solves the problem of how to efficiently and reliably achieve precise centering of the spindle under the condition that the machine tool lacks a high-precision vertical guide rail; while the prior patent mainly aims at the problems of cumbersome and inefficient traditional shim adjustment methods.

[0055] Technical effects and advantages: This patent realizes high-precision and high-automation centering adjustment, can greatly shorten the installation and adjustment time, and improve machining efficiency and precision; while the prior patent has limited improvement in this regard, and both automation and precision are at a relatively low level.

[0056] The present invention has advantages

[0057] Automation: Servo drive + sensor control;

[0058] Multi-dimensional adjustment ability: The three-level structure supports adjustment in complex situations and meets the requirements of ultra-precision machining;

[0059] System stability: Mechanical locking + real-time monitoring, solving the reliability and efficiency problems of traditional adjustment;

[0060] Optimization for specific scenarios: Designed for the pain points of micro-lens processing, reducing equipment dependence and operation difficulty. Description of the drawings

[0061] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3It is the front view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 It is the rear view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 It is the left view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 It is the right view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 It is the top view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 It is the bottom view of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 It is the axonometric view of the first-level base plate of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 10 It is the structural diagram of the first-level base plate of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 11 It is the axonometric view of the second-level base plate of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 12 It is the structural diagram of the second-level base plate of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 13 It is the axonometric view of the third-level base plate of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 14 It is the structural diagram of the third-level base plate of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 15 It is the axonometric view of the main shaft clamp of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 16 It is the connection schematic diagram of the first-level base plate, the second-level base plate, the first-level base plate connecting slider and the first locking screw of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 17 It is the schematic diagram of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 18 It is the schematic principle diagram of a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention.

[0079] In the figure:

[0080] 1. First-level bottom plate; 101. First-level convex guide rail groove;

[0081] 2. Second-level bottom plate; 201. First-level rectangular guide rail groove; 202. Second-level convex guide rail groove; 203. First-level locking countersunk hole;

[0082] 3. Third-level bottom plate; 301. Second-level rectangular guide rail groove; 302. Third-level convex guide rail groove; 303. Second-level locking countersunk hole;

[0083] 4. Spindle clamp; 4-1. Hollow cylindrical clamping structure; 4-2. Clamp bottom plate; 401. Third-level locking round hole; 402. Gap; 403. Spindle locking countersunk hole;

[0084] 5. Transmission mechanism; 5-1. Rack; 5-2. Output spur gear; 5-3. Input shaft; 5-4. First horizontal transmission shaft; 5-5. Second horizontal transmission shaft; 5-6. Input spur gear; 5-7. Transmission spur gear;

[0085] 6. Servo motor;

[0086] 7. Locking mechanism; 7-1. Ratchet; 7-2. Pawl;

[0087] 8-1. First-level bottom plate connecting slider; 8-1-1. First-level locking threaded hole; 8-2. Bottom plate connecting slider; 8-3. Third-level bottom plate connecting slider;

[0088] 9-1. First-level limiting part; 9-2. Second-level limiting part; 9-3. Third-level limiting part;

[0089] 10. First-level locking screw;

[0090] 11. Displacement sensor integrated part; 11-1. Elastic shock-absorbing bracket; 11-2. Laser displacement sensor;

[0091] 12. Display. Detailed implementation method

[0092] Detailed implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this implementation method, a high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure in this implementation method, the fixture includes a first-level bottom plate 1, a second-level bottom plate 2, a third-level bottom plate 3, a spindle clamp 4, a transmission mechanism 5, a servo motor 6, a first-level locking part, a second-level locking part, and a third-level locking part;

[0093] The first - level base plate 1 is horizontally arranged on the B - axis of the machine tool. Both the first - level base plate 1 and the second - level base plate 2 are wedge - shaped structures. The upper surface of the first - level base plate 1 and the lower surface of the second - level base plate 2 have the same slope. Above the first - level base plate 1, there is a second - level base plate 2 that slides relatively in the rising direction. The first - level base plate 1 and the second - level base plate 2 are detachably connected by a first - level locking member;

[0094] A transmission mechanism 5 is provided between the first - level base plate 1 and the second - level base plate 2. The output end of the transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the second - level base plate 2, and the input end of the transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the servo motor 6. The servo motor 6 transmits power to the transmission mechanism 5 to realize the horizontal linear movement of the second - level base plate 2 relative to the first - level base plate 1;

[0095] Above the second - level base plate 2, there is a third - level base plate 3 that slides relatively in the rising direction. The third - level base plate 3 is a cuboid structure. The second - level base plate 2 and the third - level base plate 3 are detachably connected by a second - level locking member;

[0096] Above the third - level base plate 3, there is a spindle clamp 4 that slides relatively perpendicular to the rising direction. The third - level base plate 3 and the spindle clamp 4 are detachably connected by a third - level locking member.

[0097] In this embodiment, a number of countersunk holes are designed on the first - level base plate 1 for fixing it to the B - axis of the machine tool by bolts. The design of the countersunk holes not only enhances the installation stability but also avoids the interference of the bolts with the sliding of the second - level base plate 2.

[0098] In this embodiment, the servo motor 6 is used as the core power source. A high - precision servo motor is adopted, and the multi - layer slide table is driven through a reducer and a synchronous belt drive system to realize the precise displacement of the second - level base plate 2 relative to the first - level base plate 1. The motor supports forward / backward rotation control, and the shell is integrated with a dust - and - waterproof design (IP65). And it is equipped with the following functional modules:

[0099] Control panel: It is built - in with forward (+) and reverse (-) touch - control buttons. The button surface is covered with anti - slip texture, and it supports continuous adjustment by long - pressing and step - by - step adjustment by short - pressing (the step size can be set to 1° or 5°). Protection function: It is built - in with over - current and over - heat protection modules. When abnormal, the power supply is automatically cut off and the buzzer alarms to ensure the safety of the system.

[0100] Cable channel design: A convex groove is machined at the bottom of the third - level base plate 3 as a modular cable management channel, integrating sensor power supply / signal cables (diameter Φ4mm). A quick - release stainless - steel cover plate (thickness 1mm) is configured at the top of the horizontal groove. After closing, the protection level reaches IP54, which can block the intrusion of grinding fluid and debris with a particle size > 0.5mm.

[0101] Wiring dynamic displacement compatibility: The longitudinal groove is 140mm×20, covering the maximum stroke (±60mm) of the third-level base plate 3 relative to the second-level base plate 2, ensuring that the cable has no bending stress during the full-stroke movement of the sliding table. A rectangular square hole of 140mm×20mm is opened at the corresponding position of the second-level base plate 2, forming a continuous wiring path with the groove of the third-level base plate 3; a square hole with a size of 30mm×24mm is provided at the corresponding position of the first-level base plate 1, and a horizontal guide groove (height 10mm) is added to the side wall to achieve interference-free wiring of the cable from the external control cabinet to the sensor.

[0102] Specific Embodiment 2: In combination with Figures 1 to 17 To describe this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 5 in this embodiment is a gear-rack transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism 5 includes two racks 5-1 and two output spur gears 5-2. Two symmetrically arranged racks 5-1 are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the second-level base plate 2 along the rising direction. The lower surface of the rack 5-1 has the same slope as the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1 and the lower surface of the second-level base plate 2. The two racks 5-1 are respectively engaged with the two output spur gears 5-2 arranged below, and the two output spur gears 5-2 are respectively rotatably installed on the left and right side walls of the second-level base plate 2. With such a setting, the transmission mechanism 5 can achieve high-precision horizontal and height adjustment. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in Specific Embodiment 1.

[0103] Specific Embodiment 3: In combination with Figures 1 to 17To describe this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 5 of this embodiment further includes an input shaft 5-3, a bevel gear set, a first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4, a second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5, four input spur gears 5-6, and multiple transmission spur gears 5-7. At the bottom of the first-level base plate 1, there is a horizontally arranged input shaft 5-3 along the ascending direction. One end of the input shaft 5-3 is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 6. On the side of the input shaft 5-3 away from the servo motor 6, there are a first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and a second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 arranged horizontally side by side perpendicular to the ascending direction. Both the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are rotatably connected to the first-level base plate 1. The input shaft 5-3 is connected to the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 through the bevel gear set. The ends of the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are respectively connected by four input spur gears 5-6 that mesh with each other in pairs. The two input spur gears 5-6 at the end of the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 are respectively connected to the two output spur gears 5-2 through multiple transmission spur gears 5-7 to transmit power. With such a setting, the bevel gear set includes a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear. The driving bevel gear is connected to the input shaft 5-3 through a flat key, and the driven bevel gear is connected to the first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 through a flat key. Through the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear, the rotational motion input by the servo motor 6 is transmitted to the output spur gears 5-2 on both sides of the first-level base plate 1. The design of the two bevel gears ensures the smooth conversion of the motion of the servo motor 6, enabling the rotational motion to be efficiently transmitted to each key gear assembly. The rotational motion is gradually transmitted to the two racks 5-1 through a series of precisely matched transmission spur gears 5-7, and finally the rotational motion of the gears is converted into the horizontal linear motion of the second-level base plate 2 relative to the first-level base plate 1. Since the transmission ratio from the servo motor 6 to the rack 5-1 is less than 1, the system can achieve extremely fine motion control, and the displacement of the rack 5-1 caused by each rotation of the servo motor 6 is very small. This design makes the adjustable range of the horizontal movement distance of the second-level base plate 2 very fine, thereby further improving the accuracy of the height adjustment of the second-level base plate 2. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first or second specific embodiment.

[0104] In this embodiment, the output shaft of the servo motor 6 is connected to a pair of high-precision bevel gears (module 0.5, number of teeth 24:24) through a coupling, converting the vertical rotation of the motor shaft into horizontal rotation, and the transmission efficiency ≥ 95%. The first horizontal transmission shaft 5-4 and the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5 (diameter 5mm, material 40Cr, surface quenching treatment) are installed with input spur gears 5-6 (module 1, number of teeth 10) at both ends, which mesh with the transmission spur gears 5-7 (module 1, number of teeth 10) on both sides of the first-level base plate 1 to ensure uniform power distribution. Six precision transmission spur gears 5-7 (modules are all 1, and the number of teeth are successively: 10, 20×4, 40) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first-level base plate 1 and mesh with the rack 5-1 (module 1, length 154mm). The tooth side clearance of the gears ≤ 0.02mm to ensure smooth motion without backlash.

[0105] In addition to the fixed connection method with the same slope as the lower surface of the secondary base plate 2, the rack 5-1 can also be installed in a floating manner. The rack 5-1 is installed in the specially designed grooves on both sides of the secondary base plate 2. The height of the rack groove is slightly higher than the height from the bottom surface of the rack to the tooth root. Therefore, the rack can move up and down in the groove. There is a tolerance space on both sides of the rack. At both ends above the rack 5-1, there are two vertically arranged compression springs. The upper ends of the compression springs are fixedly connected to the top end face of the groove, and the lower ends of the compression springs abut against the upper surface of the rack 5-1, so as to always have a good fit with the gear when the secondary base plate 2 moves up and down. The contact surface between the rack 5-1 and the secondary base plate 2 is coated with a wear-resistant coating to extend the service life.

[0106] Specific Embodiment Four: Combined Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this embodiment, the inclination angles of the lower surface of the rack 5-1, the upper surface of the primary base plate 1, and the lower surface of the secondary base plate 2 in this embodiment are all 2° to 8°. With such a setting, the inclined surfaces of the secondary base plate 2 and the primary base plate 1 are precisely matched. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in Specific Embodiment One, Two, or Three.

[0107] In this embodiment, a fixed connection method is adopted between the rack 5-1 and the secondary base plate 2. The slopes of the primary base plate 1 and the secondary base plate 2 are the same. The primary convex guide rail groove 101 of the primary base plate 1 cooperates with the primary rectangular guide rail groove 201 of the secondary base plate 2 to ensure smooth sliding and precise height adjustment.

[0108] Specific Embodiment Five: Combined Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this embodiment, the fixture of this embodiment further includes a locking mechanism 7. The locking mechanism 7 is a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism. The locking mechanism 7 includes two ratchets 7-1 and two pawls 7-2. The two ratchets 7-1 are respectively installed at both ends of the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5. The two ratchets 7-1 are respectively engaged with the two pawls 7-2. The two pawls 7-2 are respectively installed on the left and right side walls of the primary base plate 1. With such a setting, the ratchet and pawl locking mechanism provides an additional locking function for the system. After the ratchet 7-1 is adjusted to the required height, it can be automatically locked through the engagement of the pawl 7-2 to prevent the uncontrolled reverse movement of the secondary base plate 2 during processing. The design of the ratchet 7-1 and the pawl 7-2 ensures the stability and safety of the transmission system under large loads and avoids the risks brought by system vibration. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in Specific Embodiment One, Two, Three, or Four.

[0109] In this embodiment, the ratchet and pawl locking mechanism is integrated at the end of the second horizontal transmission shaft 5-5. After the secondary base plate 2 is adjusted to the required height, the ratchet 7-1 can be automatically locked through the engagement of the pawl 7-2, preventing the uncontrolled reverse movement of the secondary base plate 2 during machining. The design of the ratchet and pawl ensures the stability and safety of the drive system under large loads, avoiding the risks brought by system vibration. It prevents the secondary base plate 2 from being displaced due to external forces or vibrations during the adjustment process.

[0110] Design features: The ratchet tooth profile is optimized (module 1, number of teeth 10, tooth root fillet 0.3, tooth height 1), and the pawl adopts a spring pre-tightening structure to ensure reliable locking and a moderate unlocking force (≤5N).

[0111] Transmission ratio and adjustment accuracy

[0112] Transmission ratio calculation: The total transmission ratio from the motor to the rack is 1:4 (bevel gear set 1:1, gear set 1:4), that is, for every 4 rotations of the motor, the end gear rotates 1 circle. The module of the end gear is 1 and the number of teeth is 40.

[0113] Circumference of the end gear:

[0114] π×m×z = π×1×40 = 40π mm ≈ 125.66 mm

[0115] Distance the rack moves when the motor rotates one circle:

[0116]

[0117] In a specific embodiment, the inclination angle of the secondary base plate 2 relative to the bottom surface of the primary base plate 1 is set to 5°. The height that the secondary base plate 2 rises when the motor rotates one circle:

[0118] H = L×tan5° = 2.75 mm

[0119] Because the motor step can be set to 5°, the minimum adjustment step is:

[0120]

[0121] Each time the motor control button is clicked, the center height of the grinding spindle changes by 0.038 mm, with a high adjustment accuracy.

[0122] High-rigidity design: The materials of the gear and rack are both 20CrMnTi, surface carburized and quenched (hardness HRC58-62), can withstand a maximum load of 500 kg, and are suitable for heavy-duty machining scenarios.

[0123] Low-noise operation: The gear tooth profile is modified, combined with a lubrication system (automatic grease filling), and the operating noise ≤ 60 dB.

[0124] Application Case: In a certain optical element processing equipment, the system shortens the height adjustment time of the secondary base plate 2 from 15 minutes of traditional manual adjustment to 30 seconds.

[0125] During the working process of the grinding wheel, a large amount of grinding debris and grinding fluid will be generated. The first baffle and the second baffle are arranged on both sides of the primary base plate 1 and the secondary base plate 2. After being fixedly installed with bolts, the transmission system on the sides of the primary base plate 1 and the secondary base plate 2 is completely shielded by the baffles, which can effectively prevent grinding debris and grinding fluid from entering the transmission system and avoid the wear of the gear rack in the transmission system.

[0126] The primary base plate 1 and the secondary base plate 2 have a precise inclined plane match: the upper surface of the first baffle and the lower surface of the second baffle adopt a matching inclined plane design, and the slope is strictly consistent with the mating inclined plane of the primary base plate 1 and the secondary base plate 2 (angle 5° ± 0.1°, surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.8μm), ensuring that the gap between the two baffles is constant when the second baffle moves back and forth with the secondary base plate 2, realizing dynamic sealed protection. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) wear-resistant coating (thickness 0.02mm) is coated on the contact surface of the two baffles, the friction coefficient μ ≤ 0.1, and a micro lubrication channel is synchronously integrated to regularly inject lithium-based grease to reduce the wear risk.

[0127] The ratchet and pawl locking mechanism optimizes the standardized rectangular opening (size 24mm × 30mm, tolerance ±0.05mm) opened at the pawl operating position of the first baffle, and the extension groove is used to install a detachable pawl baffle (material: spring steel 60Si2Mn). When adjusting the height, remove the pawl baffle and manually release the pawl lock to realize the free sliding of the base plates 1 / 2; after the adjustment is completed, the pawl and the pre-set M8 locking bolt (strength grade 10.9) on the primary base plate 1 form a redundant lock. After locking, the pawl baffle quickly returns to the dovetail groove by gravity, closing the gap of the baffle to isolate external grinding debris and grinding fluid from invading the transmission system and reducing the risk of abnormal wear of the gear rack.

[0128] Specific Embodiment Six: Combine Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this embodiment, the fixture of this embodiment further includes two primary base plate connection sliders 8-1, two secondary base plate connection sliders 8-2 and two tertiary base plate connection sliders 8-3;

[0129] On the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1, there are two first-level convex guide rail grooves 101 arranged side by side left and right in the ascending direction. On the lower surface of the second-level base plate 2, there are two first-level rectangular guide rail grooves 201 corresponding to the two first-level convex guide rail grooves 101. The upper and lower ends of the two first-level base plate connecting sliders 8-1 are respectively slidably engaged with the two first-level rectangular guide rail grooves 201 and the two first-level convex guide rail grooves 101. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 and the groove bottom surface of the first-level rectangular guide rail groove 201. The first-level base plate 1, the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 and the second-level base plate 2 are connected by a first-level locking member;

[0130] On the upper surface of the second-level base plate 2, there are two second-level convex guide rail grooves 202 arranged side by side left and right in the ascending direction. On the lower surface of the third-level base plate 3, there are two second-level rectangular guide rail grooves 301 corresponding to the two second-level convex guide rail grooves 202. The upper and lower ends of the two second-level base plate connecting sliders 8-2 are respectively slidably engaged with the two second-level rectangular guide rail grooves 301 and the two second-level convex guide rail grooves 202. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the second-level base plate connecting slider 8-2 and the groove bottom surface of the second-level rectangular guide rail groove 301. The second-level base plate 2, the second-level base plate connecting slider 8-2 and the third-level base plate 3 are connected by a second-level locking member;

[0131] On the upper surface of the third-level base plate 3, there are two third-level convex guide rail grooves 302 arranged side by side front and back perpendicular to the ascending direction. The lower ends of the two third-level base plate connecting sliders 8-3 are respectively slidably engaged with the two third-level convex guide rail grooves 302. There is a spacing between the upper surface of the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3 and the lower surface of the spindle clamp 4. The third-level base plate 3, the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3 and the spindle clamp 4 are connected by a third-level locking member. With such a setting, the first-level convex guide rail groove 101 on the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1 is engaged with the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 to guide the second-level base plate 2 to slide along the first-level convex guide rail groove 101, and at the same time limit its movement in the direction perpendicular to the first-level base plate 1; the first-level rectangular guide rail groove 201 on the lower surface of the second-level base plate 2 is engaged with the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 to achieve sliding.

[0132] The second-level convex guide rail groove 202 on the upper surface of the second-level base plate 2 is used to guide the sliding of the third-level base plate 3 and the second-level base plate connecting slider 8-2; the second-level rectangular guide rail groove 301 on the lower surface of the third-level base plate 3 is engaged with the second-level base plate connecting slider 8-2 to achieve the sliding of the third-level base plate 3 relative to the second-level base plate 2;

[0133] The third-level convex guide rail groove 302 on the upper surface of the third-level base plate 3 is perpendicular to the second-level rectangular guide rail groove 301; the third-level convex guide rail groove 302 is engaged with the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3 to guide the sliding of the spindle clamp 4. The other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth or fifth specific embodiments.

[0134] In this embodiment, two M6 threaded holes are arranged along the long side direction of the first-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-1. The second-stage bottom plate 2 is fixed to the first-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-1 by bolts to form an integral structure. Due to the constraint of the side wall of the first-stage convex guide groove 101 on the first-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-1, the first-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-1 can only slide in the front-back direction of the guide groove, avoiding the relative movement of the second-stage bottom plate 2 in the transverse direction and further preventing the second-stage bottom plate 2 from slipping off the first-stage bottom plate 1.

[0135] Specific Embodiment Seven: With reference to Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this embodiment, the first-stage locking member of this embodiment includes four first-stage locking screws 10. Two first-stage locking threaded holes 8-1-1 are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each first-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-1. Four first-stage locking counterbore holes 203 corresponding to the four first-stage locking threaded holes 8-1-1 on the two first-stage bottom plate connecting sliders 8-1 are opened on the upper surface of the second-stage bottom plate 2. The four first-stage locking screws 10 respectively pass vertically through the four first-stage locking counterbore holes 203 and are threadedly connected to the four first-stage locking threaded holes 8-1-1.

[0136] The second-stage locking member includes four second-stage locking screws. Two second-stage locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each second-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-2. Four second-stage locking counterbore holes 303 corresponding to the four second-stage locking threaded holes on the two second-stage bottom plate connecting sliders 8-2 are opened on the upper surface of the third-stage bottom plate 3. The four second-stage locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four second-stage locking counterbore holes 303 and are threadedly connected to the four second-stage locking threaded holes.

[0137] The third-stage locking member includes four third-stage locking screws. Two third-stage locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each third-stage bottom plate connecting slider 8-3. Four third-stage locking round holes 401 corresponding to the four third-stage locking threaded holes on the two third-stage bottom plate connecting sliders 8-3 are opened on the upper surface of the spindle clamp 4. The four third-stage locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four third-stage locking round holes 401 and are threadedly connected to the four third-stage locking threaded holes. With such a setting, the four first-stage locking counterbore holes 203 on the second-stage bottom plate 2 are fixed to the four first-stage locking threaded holes 8-1-1 on the two first-stage bottom plate connecting sliders 8-1 by the four first-stage locking screws 10, ensuring the position of the second-stage bottom plate 2 relative to the first-stage bottom plate 1.

[0138] The four second-stage locking threaded holes on the third-stage bottom plate 3 are fixed to the four second-stage locking threaded holes on the two second-stage bottom plate connecting sliders 8-2 by the four second-stage locking screws, ensuring the position of the third-stage bottom plate 3 relative to the second-stage bottom plate 2.

[0139] The four three - level locking round holes 401 on the spindle clamp 4 are fixed to the four three - level locking threaded holes on two three - level bottom - plate connecting sliders 8 - 3 respectively through four three - level locking screws, ensuring the position of the spindle clamp 4 relative to the three - level bottom plate 3. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth specific embodiments.

[0140] Specific Embodiment Eight: In combination Figures 1 to 17 To illustrate this embodiment, the fixture of this embodiment further includes four first - level limit members 9 - 1, two second - level limit members 9 - 2 and two third - level limit members 9 - 3. The first - level limit members 9 - 1, second - level limit members 9 - 2 and third - level limit members 9 - 3 are all block - shaped structures.

[0141] On the front and rear plate walls of the first - level bottom plate 1, there are respectively four first - level limit members 9 - 1 arranged in pairs opposite to each other. The four first - level limit members 9 - 1 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the longitudinal center line of the first - level bottom plate 1.

[0142] On the front and rear plate walls of the second - level bottom plate 2, there are respectively two second - level limit members 9 - 2 arranged opposite to each other. The center line of the two second - level limit members 9 - 2 coincides with the longitudinal center line of the second - level bottom plate 2.

[0143] On the left and right plate walls of the third - level bottom plate 3, there are respectively two third - level limit members 9 - 3 arranged opposite to each other. The center line of the two third - level limit members 9 - 3 coincides with the transverse center line of the third - level bottom plate 3. With such a setting, there are four M5 threaded holes designed at the edges of the front and rear end faces of the first - level bottom plate 1. The first - level limit members 9 - 1 are connected to the first - level bottom plate 1 through bolts, used to limit the sliding range of the second - level bottom plate 2; the first - level limit members 9 - 1 play a limiting role when the second - level bottom plate 2 slides to the extreme position, preventing the second - level bottom plate 2 from detaching from the first - level bottom plate 1, thus ensuring operation safety.

[0144] In the center of the front and rear end faces of the second - level bottom plate 2, there are respectively two M5 threaded holes. The second - level limit members 9 - 2 are connected to the second - level bottom plate 2 through bolts, restricting the sliding range of the third - level bottom plate 3; when the third - level bottom plate 3 slides to the extreme position, the second - level limit members 9 - 2 will prevent it from continuing to slide, restricting the sliding range of the third - level bottom plate 3 in the second - level convex guide rail groove 202, thus preventing the third - level bottom plate 3 from detaching from the second - level bottom plate 2 and avoiding accidents.

[0145] In the center of the left and right side faces of the third - level bottom plate 3, there are respectively two M5 threaded holes. The sliding range of the spindle clamp 4 is restricted by the third - level limit members 9 - 3; when the spindle clamp 4 slides to the extreme position, the third - level limit members 9 - 3 will prevent it from further sliding, restricting the sliding range of the spindle clamp 4 in the third - level convex guide rail groove 302, preventing it from detaching from the third - level bottom plate 3 and avoiding accidents. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh specific embodiments.

[0146] Specific Embodiment Nine: Combined with Figures 1 to 17 This embodiment is described. The spindle clamp 4 of this embodiment includes a hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1, a clamp base plate 4-2, three spindle locking bolts and three spindle locking nuts. In the middle of the top end of the clamp base plate 4-2, there is a horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 along the ascending direction. The hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 is integrally formed with the clamp base plate 4-2. At the top of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1, there is a gap 402 running through the front and rear end faces of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1. On the left and right sides of the gap 402, there are three groups of spindle locking counterbore holes 403 arranged in pairs. The three spindle locking bolts respectively pass through the three groups of spindle locking counterbore holes 403 and are threadedly connected to the three spindle locking nuts. With such a setting, the spindle clamp 4 is responsible for supporting the spindle, and the spindle is clamped by the spindle locking bolts and the spindle locking nuts to achieve precise fixation of the spindle. There is a gap at the top of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1, making the inner diameter of the cylinder slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spindle, which is convenient for installing the spindle. There are three counterbore holes on both sides of the gap. During installation, through the cooperation of the bolts and nuts, the two parts of the gap are clamped, thereby firmly fixing the spindle and ensuring its stability during use. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in Specific Embodiments One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, or Eight.

[0147] In this embodiment, the spindle clamp 4 slides along the third-level convex guide groove 302 of the third-level base plate 3 through the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3, and finally realizes precise clamping of the spindle.

[0148] In this embodiment, the hollow cylindrical clamping structure 4-1 and the clamp base plate 4-2 are rigidly connected through a precision mating surface (flatness ≤ 0.01 mm).

[0149] Specific Embodiment Ten: Combined with Figures 1 to 17To describe this embodiment, the fixture of this embodiment further includes a displacement sensor assembly 11. The displacement sensor assembly 11 includes an elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1 and two laser displacement sensors 11-2. A rectangular groove is formed on the upper surface of the third-level base plate 3 along a direction perpendicular to the rising direction. The elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1 is embedded in the rectangular groove. Two symmetrically arranged rectangular sensor mounting through-holes are respectively formed at the left and right ends of the rectangular groove. The two laser displacement sensors 11-2 are respectively embedded in the two rectangular sensor mounting through-holes. The tops of the two laser displacement sensors 11-2 are connected to the elastic shock-absorbing bracket 11-1. With such a setting, by symmetrically embedding high-precision laser displacement sensors on the left and right sides of the third-level base plate 3, the sensors are fixed by elastic brackets, the bottom is parallel to the reference plane, and the spacing error is ≤0.2 mm, avoiding mechanical vibration interference. The two sensors are backup to each other. If the data of one side is abnormal (such as exceeding the tolerance by ±0.2 mm), the system will automatically display 9999 on the display as a fault reminder. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, or ninth specific embodiments.

[0150] In this embodiment, the fixture further includes a display 12. As Figure 17 shown, the display 12 uses a 7-inch screen and is placed on the operating table at the bottom of the device. The function modules include:

[0151] Data visualization:

[0152] Real-time display of the average height of the two sensors (refresh rate 60 Hz), supporting digital display and split-column display of dynamic waveform diagrams for motor speed, current position, and system status (such as "running" "alarm").

[0153] Data management:

[0154] Built-in storage module, capable of recording historical data and exporting CSV files;

[0155] Overlimit alarm function:

[0156] When the height deviation > 0.01 mm, the screen flashes a red warning box and records the event log.

[0157] Working principle

[0158] Combined with Figures 1 to 18 To describe the working principle of the high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on the wedge-shaped guide rail structure of the present invention: As Figure 18 shown, when the first-level base plate 1 is fixed on the machine tool, the second-level base plate 2 can slide along the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1, and the precise adjustment of the height of the upper surface of the second-level base plate 2 is realized by adjusting the sliding position. The core design of this fixture is developed based on this principle.

[0159] The height of the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 is slightly lower than the sum of the heights of the first-level convex guide rail groove 101 and the first-level rectangular guide rail groove 201. When the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 and the second-level base plate 2 are fixed by bolts, the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 is subjected to an upward force and is restricted by the upper side surface of the first-level convex guide rail groove 101; the second-level base plate 2 is subjected to a downward force and is restricted by the upper surface of the first-level base plate 1. According to formula (1), as the bolt is further tightened, the normal pressure between the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1 and the first-level base plate 1 increases, and the static friction force increases accordingly. Similarly, the normal pressure and static friction force between the first-level base plate 1 and the second-level base plate 2 also increase, thereby realizing the stable fixation among the first-level base plate 1, the first-level base plate connecting slider 8-1, and the second-level base plate 2.

[0160] F = μ × N (1)

[0161] Among them, F is the static friction force; μ is the normal pressure; N is the friction coefficient;

[0162] The height of the base plate connecting slider 8-2 is slightly lower than the height of the guide rail groove formed by the second-level base plate 2 and the third-level base plate 3. When the base plate connecting slider 8-2 and the third-level base plate 3 are fixed by bolts, the normal pressure between the base plate connecting slider 8-2 and the upper side surface of the convex guide rail groove of the second-level base plate 2 increases, and the static friction force also increases accordingly. Similarly, the normal pressure and static friction force between the upper surface of the second-level base plate 2 and the lower surface of the third-level base plate 3 also increase, thereby ensuring the stable fixation of the second-level base plate 2, the base plate connecting slider 8-2, and the third-level base plate 3.

[0163] The slider and the guide rail groove are mechanically matched and have a height difference compensation design: the installation height of the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3 is 0.5 mm lower than the distance between the third-level base plate 3 and the lower surface of the spindle clamp 4. When fixed by an M8 bolt (pre-tightening torque 10 N·m), the third-level base plate connecting slider 8-3 is subjected to an upward acting force Fup and is limited by the upper side surface of the guide rail groove (hardness HV800, surface hard chrome plating); the spindle clamp 4 is subjected to a downward acting force Fdown and is restricted by the upper surface of the third-level base plate 3 (flatness ≤ 0.005 mm), forming a two-way mechanical balance. The normal pressure N is controlled by the bolt pre-tightening force (N ≥ 800 N) to ensure that the total static friction force F ≥ 120 effectively inhibits the risk of slipping.

[0164] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure, characterized in that: The fixture includes a primary base plate (1), a secondary base plate (2), a tertiary base plate (3), a spindle clamp (4), a transmission mechanism (5), a servo motor (6), a primary locking member, a secondary locking member, and a tertiary locking member; The primary base plate (1) is horizontally arranged on the B-axis of the machine tool. Both the primary base plate (1) and the secondary base plate (2) are wedge-shaped structures. The upper surface of the primary base plate (1) has the same slope as the lower surface of the secondary base plate (2). Above the primary base plate (1), there is a secondary base plate (2) that slides relatively in the ascending direction. The primary base plate (1) and the secondary base plate (2) are detachably connected by a primary locking member; A transmission mechanism (5) is provided between the primary base plate (1) and the secondary base plate (2). The output end of the transmission mechanism (5) is connected to the secondary base plate (2), and the input end of the transmission mechanism (5) is connected to the servo motor (6). The servo motor (6) transmits power to the transmission mechanism (5) to achieve the horizontal linear motion of the secondary base plate (2) relative to the primary base plate (1); Above the secondary base plate (2), there is a tertiary base plate (3) that slides relatively in the ascending direction. The tertiary base plate (3) is a cuboid structure. The secondary base plate (2) and the tertiary base plate (3) are detachably connected by a secondary locking member; Above the tertiary base plate (3), there is a spindle clamp (4) that slides relatively perpendicular to the ascending direction. The tertiary base plate (3) and the spindle clamp (4) are detachably connected by a tertiary locking member.

2. The high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission mechanism (5) is a gear-rack transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism (5) includes two racks (5-1) and two output spur gears (5-2). On the left and right side walls of the secondary base plate (2), two symmetrically arranged racks (5-1) are respectively provided along the ascending direction. The lower surface of the rack (5-1) has the same slope as the upper surface of the primary base plate (1) and the lower surface of the secondary base plate (2). The two racks (5-1) are respectively engaged with the two output spur gears (5-2) arranged below. The two output spur gears (5-2) are respectively rotatably installed on the left and right side walls of the secondary base plate (2).

3. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (5) further includes an input shaft (5-3), a bevel gear set, a first horizontal transmission shaft (5-4), a second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5), four input spur gears (5-6) and a plurality of transmission spur gears (5-7). The bottom of the first-level base plate (1) is provided with an input shaft (5-3) horizontally arranged along the ascending direction. One end of the input shaft (5-3) is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor (6). On the side of the input shaft (5-3) away from the servo motor (6), there are a first horizontal transmission shaft (5-4) and a second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5) horizontally arranged side by side perpendicular to the ascending direction. Both the first horizontal transmission shaft (5-4) and the second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5) are rotatably connected to the first-level base plate (1). The input shaft (5-3) is connected to the first horizontal transmission shaft (5-4) through the bevel gear set. The ends of the first horizontal transmission shaft (5-4) and the second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5) are respectively connected by four input spur gears (5-6) that mesh with each other in pairs. The two input spur gears (5-6) at the end of the second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5) are respectively connected to the two output spur gears (5-2) through a plurality of transmission spur gears (5-7) to transmit power.

4. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The inclination angles of the lower surface of the rack (5-1), the upper surface of the first-level base plate (1) and the lower surface of the second-level base plate (2) are all 2° to 8°.

5. The high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 4, wherein: The fixture further includes a locking mechanism (7). The locking mechanism (7) is a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism. The locking mechanism (7) includes two ratchets (7-1) and two pawls (7-2). The two ratchets (7-1) are respectively installed at both ends of the second horizontal transmission shaft (5-5). The two ratchets (7-1) are respectively engaged with the two pawls (7-2). The two pawls (7-2) are respectively installed on the left and right side walls of the first-level base plate (1).

6. The high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 5, wherein: The fixture further includes two first-level base plate connecting sliders (8-1), two second-level base plate connecting sliders (8-2) and two third-level base plate connecting sliders (8-3); The upper surface of the first-level base plate (1) is provided with two first-level convex guide rail grooves (101) horizontally arranged side by side along the ascending direction. The lower surface of the second-level base plate (2) is provided with two first-level rectangular guide rail grooves (201) corresponding to the two first-level convex guide rail grooves (101). The upper and lower ends of the two first-level base plate connecting sliders (8-1) are respectively slidably matched with the two first-level rectangular guide rail grooves (201) and the two first-level convex guide rail grooves (101). There is a spacing between the upper surface of the first-level base plate connecting slider (8-1) and the groove bottom surface of the first-level rectangular guide rail groove (201). The first-level base plate (1), the first-level base plate connecting slider (8-1) and the second-level base plate (2) are connected by a first-level locking member; The upper surface of the secondary base plate (2) is provided with two secondary convex guide rail grooves (202) arranged side by side in the left-right direction along the ascending direction. The lower surface of the tertiary base plate (3) is provided with two secondary rectangular guide rail grooves (301) corresponding to the two secondary convex guide rail grooves (202). The upper and lower ends of two secondary base plate connecting sliders (8-2) are respectively slidably engaged with the two secondary rectangular guide rail grooves (301) and the two secondary convex guide rail grooves (202). There is a spacing between the upper surface of the secondary base plate connecting slider (8-2) and the groove bottom surface of the secondary rectangular guide rail groove (301). The secondary base plate (2), the secondary base plate connecting slider (8-2) and the tertiary base plate (3) are connected by secondary locking members; The upper surface of the tertiary base plate (3) is provided with two tertiary convex guide rail grooves (302) arranged side by side in the front-rear direction perpendicular to the ascending direction. The lower ends of two tertiary base plate connecting sliders (8-3) are respectively slidably engaged with the two tertiary convex guide rail grooves (302). There is a spacing between the upper surface of the tertiary base plate connecting slider (8-3) and the lower surface of the spindle clamp (4). The tertiary base plate (3), the tertiary base plate connecting slider (8-3) and the spindle clamp (4) are connected by tertiary locking members.

7. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The primary locking members include four primary locking screws (10). Two primary locking threaded holes (8-1-1) are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each primary base plate connecting slider (8-1). Four primary locking counterbore holes (203) corresponding to the four primary locking threaded holes (8-1-1) on the two primary base plate connecting sliders (8-1) are opened on the upper surface of the secondary base plate (2). The four primary locking screws (10) respectively pass vertically through the four primary locking counterbore holes (203) and are threadedly connected with the four primary locking threaded holes (8-1-1); The secondary locking members include four secondary locking screws. Two secondary locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each secondary base plate connecting slider (8-2). Four secondary locking counterbore holes (303) corresponding to the four secondary locking threaded holes on the two secondary base plate connecting sliders (8-2) are opened on the upper surface of the tertiary base plate (3). The four secondary locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four secondary locking counterbore holes (303) and are threadedly connected with the four secondary locking threaded holes; The tertiary locking members include four tertiary locking screws. Two tertiary locking threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the upper surface of each tertiary base plate connecting slider (8-3). Four tertiary locking round holes (401) corresponding to the four tertiary locking threaded holes on the two tertiary base plate connecting sliders (8-3) are opened on the upper surface of the spindle clamp (4). The four tertiary locking screws respectively pass vertically through the four tertiary locking round holes (401) and are threadedly connected with the four tertiary locking threaded holes.

8. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixture further includes four primary limiting members (9-1), two secondary limiting members (9-2) and two tertiary limiting members (9-3). The primary limiting members (9-1), the secondary limiting members (9-2) and the tertiary limiting members (9-3) are all in block structures. On the front and rear wall plates of the first-level bottom plate (1), there are respectively four first-level limit members (9-1) arranged in pairs opposite to each other. The four first-level limit members (9-1) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the longitudinal center line of the first-level bottom plate (1). On the front and rear wall plates of the second-level bottom plate (2), there are respectively two second-level limit members (9-2) arranged opposite to each other. The center line of the two second-level limit members (9-2) coincides with the longitudinal center line of the second-level bottom plate (2). On the left and right wall plates of the third-level bottom plate (3), there are respectively two third-level limit members (9-3) arranged opposite to each other. The center line of the two third-level limit members (9-3) coincides with the transverse center line of the third-level bottom plate (3).

9. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main shaft clamp (4) includes a hollow cylindrical clamping structure (4-1), a clamp bottom plate (4-2), three main shaft locking bolts and three main shaft locking nuts. In the middle of the top end of the clamp bottom plate (4-2), there is a hollow cylindrical clamping structure (4-1) horizontally arranged along the rising direction. The hollow cylindrical clamping structure (4-1) is integrally formed with the clamp bottom plate (4-2). At the top of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure (4-1), there is a gap 402 running through the front and rear end faces of the hollow cylindrical clamping structure (4-1). On the left and right sides of the gap 402, there are three groups of main shaft locking counterbore holes 403 arranged in pairs opposite to each other. The three main shaft locking bolts respectively pass through the three groups of main shaft locking counterbore holes 403 and are threadedly connected to the three main shaft locking nuts.

10. A high-precision multi-layer sliding shaft fixture based on a wedge-shaped guide rail structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fixture further includes a displacement sensor assembly (11). The displacement sensor assembly (11) includes an elastic shock-absorbing bracket (11-1) and two laser displacement sensors (11-2). On the upper surface of the third-level bottom plate (3), a rectangular groove is opened perpendicular to the rising direction. The elastic shock-absorbing bracket (11-1) is embedded in the rectangular groove. At the left and right ends of the rectangular groove, there are respectively two symmetrically arranged rectangular sensor mounting through holes. The two laser displacement sensors (11-2) are respectively embedded in the two rectangular sensor mounting through holes. The tops of the two laser displacement sensors (11-2) are connected to the elastic shock-absorbing bracket (11-1).

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