An integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of kernel crushing technology, and specifically to an integrated device for efficient crushing and low-temperature grinding of Torreya grandis kernels, comprising a housing, the interior of which is divided into a crushing chamber, a storage chamber, and a grinding chamber, wherein a crushing mechanism is provided in the crushing chamber, and a grinding mechanism is provided in the grinding chamber; a power mechanism is used for linkage control of the crushing mechanism and the grinding mechanism, and a liquid nitrogen cooling system and a liquid cooling circulation system are respectively connected to the crushing mechanism and the grinding mechanism and cool them during operation. The present invention realizes seamless connection between the crushing and grinding processes through the vertical integrated layout of the crushing chamber, the storage chamber, and the grinding chamber, in conjunction with the linkage control of the power mechanism, thereby improving processing efficiency and reducing energy consumption; the liquid nitrogen cooling system and the liquid cooling circulation system have two-stage temperature control, effectively inhibiting the oxidation of oils and the degradation of heat-sensitive components, thereby improving the oil yield; the helical tooth design and reverse differential rotation of the crushing roller strengthen the combined effects of extrusion, shearing, and conveying, thereby improving the crushing efficiency and the uniformity of the crushed particle size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed kernel crushing, and in particular to an integrated device for efficient crushing and low-temperature grinding of torreya seed kernels. Background Art

[0002] Torreya grandis is an evergreen tree of the genus Torreya in the Taxaceae family. It is native to southern China, primarily distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi. Its fruit is a drupe, and the kernel (the edible part inside the seed) is a traditional, high-value cash crop. Torreya grandis kernels are light yellow, crispy, and have a unique flavor, combining an oily aroma with a sweet taste. As a high-fat nut, Torreya grandis kernels require crushing and grinding during processing to release the internal oils.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN2022231959310 discloses a hemp seed crushing device, comprising a grinding device for crushing the hemp seed, a rotary drive motor, and a rotating rod; the output end of the rotary drive motor is fixed to the rotating rod; the grinding device includes a connecting rod, a sliding rod, an elastic member, a grinding disc, and a fixed plug; one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the end of the rotating rod facing away from the drive motor, and the other end is fixed to the sliding rod; the grinding disc is slidably mounted on the sliding rod, and a sliding hole is correspondingly provided in the middle of the grinding disc for adapting to the sliding rod; the elastic member is mounted on the sliding rod, one end of the elastic member is fixed to the connecting rod, and the other end is fixed to the grinding disc, and the fixed plug is detachably mounted on the end of the sliding rod facing away from the connecting rod. This device can grind and crush the hemp seed in a material tank to increase the oil yield, and the ground powder is free of large particles.

[0004] The above-mentioned patented technology only improves the crushing of materials. However, the different temperatures of materials during crushing will affect the oil yield after grinding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider improving the crushing rate while controlling the temperature to ensure that the high temperature generated by mechanical friction during processing does not cause oil oxidation and degradation of heat-sensitive components (such as unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E), thereby ensuring the oil yield and product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels. The device comprises a box body, the interior of which is divided into a crushing chamber, a storage chamber and a grinding chamber from top to bottom. The crushing chamber is provided with a crushing mechanism that integrates extrusion, shearing and conveying of Torreya grandis kernels. The grinding chamber is provided with a grinding mechanism that performs secondary shearing and crushing of Torreya grandis kernels, which is beneficial to the subsequent pressing operation of the Torreya grandis kernels.

[0006] It also includes a power mechanism, which is installed on the left side wall of the box body and is used to control the pulverizing mechanism and the grinding mechanism in a coordinated manner, providing a power source for both;

[0007] It also includes a liquid nitrogen cooling system and a liquid cooling circulation system, which are respectively connected to the crushing mechanism and the grinding mechanism to cool them down during operation;

[0008] The PLC control system is also included. The PLC control system is placed on the outer wall of the box body and realizes communication control with the liquid nitrogen cooling system and the liquid cooling circulation system, and realizes temperature regulation by controlling the injection amount of liquid nitrogen and the flow rate of the coolant in the liquid nitrogen cooling system;

[0009] During crushing, the surface temperature of the crushing mechanism is controlled at ≤45°C, and during grinding, the temperature of the grinding mechanism and the grinding chamber is maintained at ≤10°C.

[0010] Preferably: a crushing mechanism is installed horizontally in the crushing chamber, a feeding pipe is installed on one side of the top of the crushing chamber, the feeding pipe is connected to the external storage mechanism, the bottom of the crushing chamber is an arc-shaped cavity, and a discharge port is opened at the right end of the bottom of the crushing chamber, and the crushed material falls from the discharge port into the storage chamber.

[0011] Preferably: an inverted tapered trough is provided in the middle of the material storage chamber, the inner surface of the tapered trough is smooth, a material guide plate is provided between the tapered trough and the discharge port, the material guide plate is inclined, and a cylindrical channel connected to the grinding chamber is provided at the bottom of the tapered trough.

[0012] Preferably, a grinding mechanism is provided in the middle of the grinding chamber, a hydrophobic nano-coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the grinding chamber, a raised structure is provided in the middle of the grinding chamber, the edge of which is arc-shaped, a collecting trough is provided on the peripheral side of the raised structure, a plurality of temperature sensing elements 1 are installed at the bottom of the collecting trough, a discharge pipe extending to the outside of the box is also embedded at the bottom of the collecting trough, a temperature sensing element 2 for measuring temperature is installed inside the discharge pipe, and an end of the discharge pipe is connected to a vacuum pipe and transports the ground material to the cold pressing equipment;

[0013] A spiral flow channel is machined in the inner wall of the box outside the grinding chamber. The spiral flow channel winds around the grinding chamber and its upper and lower heights are higher or lower than the grinding chamber, surrounding the entire grinding chamber area. Liquid cooling pipes are provided at both ends of the spiral flow channel, and the liquid cooling pipes are connected to an external liquid cooling circulation system.

[0014] Preferably: the crushing mechanism includes a crushing roller 1 and a crushing roller 2, the crushing roller 1 and the crushing roller 2 are arranged in parallel and have a plurality of staggered spiral teeth processed on their surfaces, the spiral directions of the spiral teeth of the two are opposite, the spiral angle of the spiral teeth is: 30°-45°, and the tooth spacing is: 2-3mm. When working, the roller shafts of the crushing roller 1 and the crushing roller 2 rotate in opposite directions, and the speed difference is set to 1:1.2-1.5.

[0015] Preferably: a plurality of temperature sensing elements 3 are embedded on the surface of the crushing roller 1 and the crushing roller 2, which are interconnected with the PLC control system. A central flow channel is provided at the inner center of each of the crushing rollers 1 and 2, and a side flow channel matching the spiral direction is provided below the spiral direction of the spiral teeth at the outer edge of the crushing roller 1 and the crushing roller 2. Both ends of the crushing roller 1 and the crushing roller 2 are installed in the side wall of the box through bearings, and both ends extend to the outside of the box. A rotary joint is provided at one end, and the rotary joint is connected to the external liquid nitrogen cooling system.

[0016] Preferably, the grinding mechanism comprises a lower grinding disc and an upper grinding disc, a hollow feed pipe is provided at the center of the upper grinding disc, and the upper portion of the feed pipe is located in the cylindrical channel and is slidably connected thereto;

[0017] The upper end of the upper grinding disc is located on the left and right sides of the discharge pipe, and hydraulic rods are provided with built-in pressure sensors. A driving shaft is provided at the bottom of the lower grinding disc, and the lower end of the driving shaft passes through the box and is connected to the power mechanism for transmission. A driven shaft is provided at the upper end of the lower grinding disc, and the driven shaft is located in the discharge pipe. A spiral blade is installed on the driven shaft, and a cutting edge is provided on the edge of the spiral blade.

[0018] Preferably, the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc are both composed of a base body and a grinding layer located on the outer surface of the base body. The base body is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the grinding layer on its surface is made of ceramic sheet. The two are installed in a mosaic manner, and a gap is left between the base body and the grinding layer, and the gap is filled with heat-conducting material.

[0019] The surface of the grinding layer is provided with radial grinding teeth radiating from the center to the outside. The grinding teeth are trapezoidal, with bevels on both sides, and the bevel angle is set to 60°. The surface of the grinding layer is also provided with multiple guide grooves and multiple temperature sensing elements.

[0020] Preferably: the power mechanism includes a planetary gearbox, a motor, a main sprocket, a transmission shaft, a reduction gearbox and a chain. The planetary gearbox is installed on the side wall of the box body. It is provided with two output shafts, which are respectively connected to the ends of the crushing roller one and the crushing roller two. The motor is installed on its input shaft. The motor shaft of the motor is provided with a main sprocket. The main sprocket drives the transmission shaft located at the bottom of the box body to rotate through the chain. A reduction gearbox is provided at one end of the transmission shaft, and the reduction gearbox is connected to the driving shaft.

[0021] Preferably: the PLC control system controls the automatic operation of the entire equipment, communicates with temperature sensing element 1, temperature sensing element 2, temperature sensing element 3 and temperature sensing element 4 and monitors the temperature in real time. When the temperature is greater than the set value, the liquid cooling circulation system or the liquid nitrogen cooling system is adjusted to accelerate heat dissipation.

[0022] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0023] 1. Integrated design and linkage: Through the vertical integrated layout of the crushing chamber, storage chamber and grinding chamber, combined with the linkage control of the power mechanism, the crushing and grinding processes are seamlessly connected, which reduces the material transfer link, improves processing efficiency and significantly reduces energy consumption.

[0024] 2. Low temperature control: The dual-stage temperature control system of liquid nitrogen cooling system and liquid cooling circulation system is adopted, combined with the real-time monitoring and adjustment of the PLC control system to ensure that the temperature of the crushing chamber is ≤45℃ and the temperature of the grinding chamber is ≤10℃, effectively inhibiting the oxidation of oil and the degradation of heat-sensitive components, and improving the oil yield.

[0025] 3. Improve the crushing effect: The spiral tooth design of the crushing roller (helix angle 30°-45°, tooth spacing 2-3mm) and reverse differential rotation (speed ratio 1:1.2-1.5) strengthen the combined effect of extrusion, shearing and conveying, improve the crushing efficiency, uniformity of crushed particle size, and avoid debris adhesion.

[0026] 4. Grinding layer and cooling work together: The radial grinding teeth on the surface of the grinding disc (bevel 60°) combined with hydrophobic nano coating and spiral flow channel liquid cooling enhance grinding efficiency while preventing material agglomeration.

[0027] Through technological innovation, the present invention solves the core problem in the processing of Torreya grandis kernels, and provides an efficient, energy-saving, and high-quality solution for the industrial production of high-value-added nut oils. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a box in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6This is a partial structural diagram of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the power mechanism of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pulverizing mechanism in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of torreya seed kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a pulverizing roller in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of torreya seed kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the grinding mechanism of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 11 This is an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the lower grinding disc of an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of torreya seed kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 13 This is an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure at B;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of grinding teeth in an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 1. Box; 2. PLC control system; 3. Crushing mechanism; 4. Grinding mechanism; 5. Power mechanism; 11. Crushing chamber; 12. Storage chamber; 13. Grinding chamber; 111. Feed pipe; 112. Discharge port; 113. Arc chamber; 121. Conical trough; 122. Guide plate; 131. Collection trough; 132. Temperature sensing element 1; 133. Discharge pipe; 134. Temperature sensing element 2; 135. Spiral flow channel; 136. Liquid cooling pipe; 31. Crushing roller 1; 32. Crushing roller 2; 33. Spiral gear ; 34. Temperature sensing element three; 35. Central flow channel; 36. Side flow channel; 37. Rotary joint; 41. Lower grinding disc; 42. Upper grinding disc; 43. Hydraulic rod; 44. Feeding pipe; 45. Driving shaft; 46. Driven shaft; 47. Spiral blade; 48. Cutting edge; 411. Base; 412. Grinding layer; 413. Grinding teeth; 414. Guide groove; 415. Temperature sensing element four; 51. Planetary gearbox; 52. Motor; 53. Main sprocket; 54. Transmission shaft; 55. Reduction gearbox; 56. Chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described to better illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific applications. Example 1

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 14 In this embodiment, an integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels is provided. The device includes a housing 1. The interior of the housing 1 is divided into a plurality of cavities, which are, from top to bottom, a crushing chamber 11, a storage chamber 12, and a grinding chamber 13. A crushing mechanism 3 is provided in the crushing chamber 11, and a grinding mechanism 4 is provided in the grinding chamber 13. The material first enters the crushing chamber 11 for preliminary crushing, then flows into the storage chamber 12, and then falls into the grinding chamber 13 to be ground again by the grinding mechanism 4. During grinding, the material forms a slurry, which is a mixture of Torreya grandis kernel residue and oil. The slurry form is conducive to the subsequent squeezing of oil.

[0046] It also includes a power mechanism 5, which is installed on the left side wall of the box body 1. Figure 6 As shown, it can realize the linkage control of the crushing mechanism 3 and the grinding mechanism 4, drive the two to work simultaneously, avoid the use of multiple power sources, and achieve energy saving and consumption reduction;

[0047] The equipment also includes a liquid nitrogen cooling system and a liquid cooling circulation system, which are externally arranged mechanisms and are not shown in the figure. In actual application, the existing technology can be used to implement it. The liquid nitrogen cooling system is connected to the crushing mechanism 3. When the crushing mechanism 3 is working, it provides cooling for it to ensure that the crushing operation is in a low-temperature environment, thereby improving the oil yield and oil quality of the Torreya grandis kernel and avoiding high-temperature oxidation. Similarly, the liquid cooling circulation system is connected to the grinding mechanism 4, which also provides a low-temperature environment for the grinding operation. The reason for using two different cooling systems is that the operating environments of crushing and grinding are different, and their temperatures need to be maintained in different environments. During crushing, the temperature is controlled at ≤4 5℃, while during grinding, it is maintained at ≤10℃. In order to make the two cooling systems operate better in their respective temperature control environments, temperature detection points are set in the crushing chamber 11 and the grinding chamber 13. At the same time, a PLC control system 2 is installed on the outer wall of the box body 1. The control equipment is automated and intelligent. The PLC control system 2 receives the temperature signal from the temperature detection point. When the temperature exceeds the set temperature value, the temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the liquid nitrogen injection amount of the liquid nitrogen cooling system or the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling circulation system to ensure that the cavity of the equipment is in a low temperature environment when working, avoiding the problems of nutrient loss and insufficient oil yield caused by high temperature in the processing of Torreya grandis kernels;

[0048] Specifically, the crushing mechanism 3 is installed horizontally in the crushing chamber 11, and a feed pipe 111 is installed on one side of the top of the crushing chamber 11. The feed pipe 111 can be connected to an external storage mechanism. The storage mechanism is used to place Torreya seed kernels, which are automatically transported to the feed pipe 111 and then added to the crushing chamber 11 through gas. In addition, a feed valve can be installed on the feed pipe 111 to control the amount of material discharged (the specific feed valve structure is not drawn in the accompanying drawings). The material falling into the crushing chamber 11 first falls on the left side of the crushing chamber 11 (such as the left side). Figure 3 As shown), in this way, the crushing mechanism 3 can crush and transport the material at the same time due to the effect of the spiral teeth 33 on its surface, and crush it again while transporting, achieving the effect of multiple crushing (this function will be further explained below, please refer to Figure 8 , the spiral teeth 33 on its surface are distributed in a spiral shape);

[0049] The bottom of the crushing chamber 11 is an arc-shaped cavity 113. In order to better accommodate the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32, the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 are tangent to the arc surface, which can conveniently convey the material. At the same time, the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 and the side wall of the crushing chamber 11 can also squeeze and crush the material, achieving multiple goals at one stroke. A discharge port 112 is opened at the right end of the bottom of the crushing chamber 11. The crushed material is conveyed by the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 and falls from the discharge port 112 into the storage chamber 12;

[0050] The storage chamber 12 serves as a transfer station for the crushed material. An inverted conical trough 121 is provided in the middle of the storage chamber 12. The inner surface of the conical trough 121 is smooth, which is convenient for material discharge. A guide plate 122 is provided between the conical trough 121 and the discharge port 112. The guide plate 122 is inclined. The crushed material falls onto the guide plate 122 and then slides through its surface into the conical trough 121. The bottom of the conical trough 121 is provided with a cylindrical channel connected to the grinding chamber 13, so that the material can enter the grinding chamber 13.

[0051] A grinding mechanism 4 is provided in the middle of the grinding chamber 13, and a hydrophobic nano-coating (contact angle > 150°) is sprayed on the inner wall of the grinding chamber 13 to prevent condensed water from contaminating the material. The middle part of the grinding chamber 13 is a raised structure with an arc-shaped edge to avoid accumulation of material. A collection trough 131 is provided on the peripheral side of the raised structure, and a plurality of temperature sensing elements 132 are installed at the bottom of the collection trough 131. Moreover, a discharge pipe 133 extending to the outside of the box body 1 is embedded in the bottom of the collection trough 131, and a temperature sensing element 134 for measuring temperature is also installed inside the discharge pipe 133. The end of the discharge pipe 133 is connected to a vacuum pipe, which can transport the ground material to subsequent cold pressing equipment (such as a hydraulic oil press) to complete the low-temperature oil pressing process of the whole process, thereby improving the oil yield and protecting the nutrients from loss and degradation.

[0052] The PLC control system 2 communicates with the temperature sensing element 132 and the temperature sensing element 2 134 to monitor the temperature in real time. As long as the temperature is greater than the set value (10 degrees Celsius), the flow rate of the coolant in the liquid cooling circulation system is adjusted to accelerate the cooling.

[0053] A spiral flow channel 135 is machined in the inner wall of the box body 1 on the outside of the grinding chamber 13. The spiral flow channel 135 is wound around the grinding chamber 13 and its upper and lower heights are also higher or lower than the grinding chamber 13, so as to surround the entire area of ​​the grinding chamber 13 and achieve uniform heat dissipation. The spiral flow channel 135 can increase the surface area of ​​heat dissipation, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. Both ends of the spiral flow channel 135, namely the inlet end and the outlet end, are provided with liquid cooling pipes 136. The liquid cooling pipes 136 are connected to the external liquid cooling circulation system. The inlet and outlet temperatures are preferably controlled at a temperature difference of ≤3°C to avoid condensation caused by local overcooling. The coolant can be an ethylene glycol aqueous solution (concentration 40%), which is cooled to 5°C by an external refrigeration unit and injected into the spiral flow channel 135 through a centrifugal pump, thereby cooling the grinding chamber 13 and maintaining a low-temperature environment.

[0054] The crushing mechanism 3 in the present application can realize multiple functions. Its specific structure includes a crushing roller 1 31 and a crushing roller 2 32. The crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 are arranged in parallel and are processed with a plurality of staggered spiral teeth 33 on their surfaces. The spiral directions of the spiral teeth 33 of the two are opposite. If the crushing roller 1 31 is left-handed, the other is right-handed, and vice versa. This structural design allows the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 to rotate in opposite directions during operation, so that the spiral teeth 33 on the surfaces of the two can squeeze and crush the seed kernels, shear and split them, and improve the crushing efficiency. At the same time, its spiral structural design can also transport the material from the left side of the crushing chamber 11 to the right side. During the transportation process, it is also crushed, which increases the crushing time.

[0055] In this application, it is applied to Torreya grandis kernels, and the tooth height of the spiral teeth 33 can be set to 5-8 mm, the spiral angle can be set to 30°-45°, which can optimize the material propulsion and shear force distribution, increase the crushing effect, and the tooth spacing can be set to 2-3 mm, which is suitable for the particle size of Torreya grandis kernels.

[0056] This equipment can also be expanded to process other high-oleic acid nuts (such as walnuts and almonds) by making targeted design changes to the spiral teeth 33 based on the specifications of the kernels. Furthermore, the spiral teeth 33 are made of high-strength stainless steel (such as 316L) with a tungsten carbide coating on the surface to enhance wear and corrosion resistance. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nano-coating can also be applied to the outer surface of the roller to prevent condensation and material agglomeration in low-temperature environments.

[0057] A plurality of temperature sensing elements 34 are embedded on the surface of the first and second crushing rollers 31 and 32, which communicate with the PLC control system 2 and transmit temperature data to the PLC control system 2 in real time. The temperature is monitored in real time and the liquid nitrogen flow rate and injection frequency are adjusted according to the temperature to achieve temperature control during crushing, maintain a low-temperature working environment, avoid oil oxidation, and high-temperature damage that causes degradation of heat-sensitive components such as unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E in the torreya seed kernel;

[0058] In order to ensure that the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 are in a low temperature environment during operation, a central flow channel 35 is provided at the inner center of each of the crushing rollers 1 31 and 2 32, and a side flow channel 36 matching the spiral direction of the spiral teeth 33 is provided at the outer edge of the crushing rollers 1 31 and 2 32. The central flow channel 35 serves as an inlet channel for liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen flows in the side flow channel 36 to take away heat. The liquid nitrogen is located below the spiral teeth 33, which can better take away heat and reduce the spiral teeth 33. The temperature of the rotating teeth 33 is controlled. Both ends of the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 are mounted on the side wall of the box body 1 through bearings, and both ends extend to the outside of the box body 1. A rotary joint 37 is provided at one end. The rotary joint 37 is connected to the external liquid nitrogen cooling system to realize the introduction of external liquid nitrogen into the central flow channel 35. The flow rate and injection amount of liquid nitrogen in the flow channel are used as variables to adjust the temperature. When the temperature sensing element 34 detects that the temperature is greater than 45°C, it increases the flow rate or injection amount or both to accelerate the heat dissipation.

[0059] During operation, the roller shafts of the first crushing roller 31 and the second crushing roller 32 rotate in opposite directions (one roller rotates clockwise and the other roller rotates counterclockwise), and the speed difference is set to 1:1.2-1.5 (taking 1:1.2 as an example, if the first roller is 20 rpm and the second roller is 24 rpm), forming a combined shearing and squeezing force on the material, and also reducing the adhesion of seed kernel debris. The speed difference can be adjusted by the planetary gearbox 51 in the power mechanism 5;

[0060] After the material is crushed, it falls into the grinding mechanism 4 for further grinding. The grinding mechanism 4 includes a lower grinding disc 41 and an upper grinding disc 42. A hollow discharge pipe 44 is provided at the center of the upper grinding disc 42. The upper portion of the discharge pipe 44 is located in the cylindrical channel and is slidably connected thereto. The material in the storage chamber 12 passes through the discharge pipe 44 into the space between the upper grinding disc 42 and the lower grinding disc 41 to complete the feeding.

[0061] The upper end of the upper grinding disc 42 is located on the left and right sides of the discharge pipe 44. The hydraulic rods 43 can adjust the position of the upper grinding disc 42 and thus adjust the gap between it and the lower grinding disc 41. The hydraulic rods 43 have built-in pressure sensors to monitor the grinding resistance in real time. When the pressure exceeds a threshold, the height of the upper grinding disc 42 is automatically raised, for example, by 0.1 mm, to prevent material blockage.

[0062] A driving shaft 45 is provided at the bottom of the lower grinding disc 41. The lower end of the driving shaft 45 passes through the housing 1 and is transmission-connected to the power mechanism 5. A driven shaft 46 is provided at the upper end of the lower grinding disc 41. The driven shaft 46 is located in the discharge tube 44. To maintain the stability of the driven shaft 46, its top is rotationally connected to the top wall of the storage chamber 12 via a bearing seat. A spiral blade 47 is installed on the driven shaft 46, and a cutting edge 48 is provided at the edge of the spiral blade 47. The cutting edge 48 is mirror-polished to reduce friction resistance, and a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is sprayed on the surface to improve hardness and service life.

[0063] When the driving shaft 45 drives the lower grinding disc 41 to rotate, the driven shaft 46 rotates accordingly, and the spiral blades 47 installed thereon realize the feeding effect. The material in the conical material trough 121 is squeezed and pushed into the gap between the upper grinding disc 42 and the lower grinding disc 41 to be ground. During the feeding process, the cutting edge 48 can achieve a re-shearing effect on the material.

[0064] The upper grinding disc 42 and the lower grinding disc 41 are both composed of a base 411 and an abrasive layer 412 located on the outer surface of the base 411. The base 411 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy (6061-T6) to improve overall rigidity. The abrasive layer 412 on its surface is made of ceramic sheets with good wear resistance. The two can be installed in a mosaic manner. A gap can be left between the base 411 and the abrasive layer 412. The gap is filled with a thermally conductive material, such as thermal grease (with a thermal conductivity coefficient of ≥3W / m·K), which can accelerate heat transfer to the outside.

[0065] The surface of the grinding layer 412 is provided with radial grinding teeth 413 that radiate outward from the center. The grinding teeth 413 are trapezoidal in shape and have beveled edges on both sides, so that they can form a "knife edge" effect during grinding, making the grinding more complete. The bevel angle can be set to 60°.

[0066] The surface of the grinding layer 412 is also provided with a plurality of guide grooves 414, which can guide the slurry formed by grinding to flow to the collection tank 131 to prevent accumulation. At the same time, a temperature sensing element 415 is also provided on the grinding disc. It, together with the temperature sensing element 132 and the temperature sensing element 2 134, monitors the temperature inside the grinding chamber 13. If the temperature at any point exceeds 10°C, the PLC control system 2 will adjust the temperature, increase the power of the refrigeration unit, and increase the coolant flow rate.

[0067] The power mechanism 5 in the present application includes the following structures: a planetary gearbox 51, a motor 52, a main sprocket 53, a transmission shaft 54, a reduction gearbox 55 and a chain 56. The planetary gearbox 51 is mounted on the side wall of the housing 1 and is provided with two output shafts, which are respectively connected to the ends of the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32. The motor 52 is mounted on its input shaft, and the motor shaft of the motor 52 is provided with a main sprocket 53. The main sprocket 53 drives the transmission shaft 54 ​​located at the bottom of the housing 1 to rotate through the chain 56. A reduction gearbox 55 is provided at one end of the transmission shaft 54, and the reduction gearbox 55 is connected to the driving shaft 45.

[0068] When the motor 52 is started, it can adjust the speed difference between the crushing roller 1 31 and the crushing roller 2 32 through the action of the planetary gearbox 51. When the motor 52 rotates, the chain 56 simultaneously drives the transmission shaft 54 ​​to rotate, and then through the action of the reduction gearbox 55, it can synchronously drive the grinding mechanism 4, so that the crushing and grinding operations are carried out together, which are mutually linked, saving energy and reducing consumption.

[0069] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. An integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels, characterized by: The device comprises a housing (1), the interior of the housing (1) being divided into a crushing chamber (11), a storage chamber (12) and a grinding chamber (13) from top to bottom, the crushing chamber (11) being provided with a crushing mechanism (3) for extruding, shearing and conveying the torreya seed kernels, and the grinding chamber (13) being provided with a grinding mechanism (4) for secondary shearing and crushing the torreya seed kernels, thereby facilitating subsequent pressing operations of the torreya seed kernels; It also includes a power mechanism (5), which is installed on the left side wall of the box body (1) and is used to control the crushing mechanism (3) and the grinding mechanism (4) in a linked manner to provide a power source for both; It also includes a liquid nitrogen cooling system and a liquid cooling circulation system, which are respectively connected to the crushing mechanism (3) and the grinding mechanism (4) and cool them down during operation; The PLC control system (2) is also included. The PLC control system (2) is placed on the outer wall of the box (1), and realizes communication control with the liquid nitrogen cooling system and the liquid cooling circulation system, and realizes temperature regulation by controlling the injection amount of liquid nitrogen and the flow rate of the coolant in the liquid nitrogen cooling system; During pulverization, the surface temperature of the pulverizing mechanism (3) is controlled at ≤45°C, and during grinding, the temperature of the grinding mechanism (4) and the grinding chamber (13) is maintained at ≤10°C; The pulverizing mechanism (3) comprises a pulverizing roller (31) and a pulverizing roller (32), wherein the pulverizing roller (31) and the pulverizing roller (32) are arranged in parallel and have a plurality of staggered spiral teeth (33) processed on their surfaces; A plurality of temperature sensing elements (34) are embedded on the surface of the crushing roller (31) and the crushing roller (32), which are interconnected with the PLC control system (2). A central flow channel (35) is provided at the inner center of each crushing roller (31) and the crushing roller (32), and a side flow channel (36) matching the spiral direction of the spiral teeth (33) is provided at the outer edge of the crushing roller (31) and the crushing roller (32) below the spiral direction of the spiral teeth (33).

2. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulverizing mechanism (3) is installed transversely in the pulverizing chamber (11), a feeding pipe (111) is installed on one side of the top of the pulverizing chamber (11), and the feeding pipe (111) is connected to an external storage mechanism. The bottom of the pulverizing chamber (11) is an arc-shaped chamber (113), and a discharge port (112) is provided at the right end of the bottom of the pulverizing chamber (11), and the pulverized material falls from the discharge port (112) into the storage chamber (12).

3. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 2, characterized in that: An inverted conical material trough (121) is provided in the middle of the material storage chamber (12). The inner surface of the conical material trough (121) is smooth. A material guide plate (122) is provided between the conical material trough (121) and the discharge port (112). The material guide plate (122) is arranged at an angle. A cylindrical channel communicating with the grinding chamber (13) is provided at the bottom of the conical material trough (121).

4. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 3, characterized in that: A grinding mechanism (4) is provided in the middle of the grinding chamber (13), and a hydrophobic nano-coating is sprayed on the inner wall of the grinding chamber (13). The middle of the grinding chamber (13) is a convex structure with an arc-shaped edge. A collection trough (131) is provided on the peripheral side of the convex structure. A plurality of temperature sensing elements (132) are installed at the bottom of the collection trough (131). A discharge pipe (133) extending to the outside of the box (1) is also embedded at the bottom of the collection trough (131). A temperature sensing element (134) for measuring temperature is installed inside the discharge pipe (133). The end of the discharge pipe (133) is connected to a vacuum pipe and transports the ground material to the cold pressing equipment. A spiral flow channel (135) is machined in the inner wall of the box body (1) outside the grinding chamber (13). The spiral flow channel (135) winds around the grinding chamber (13) and its upper and lower heights are also higher or lower than the grinding chamber (13), surrounding the entire grinding chamber (13) area. Liquid cooling pipes (136) are provided at both ends of the spiral flow channel (135), and the liquid cooling pipes (136) are connected to an external liquid cooling circulation system.

5. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral directions of the helical teeth (33) of the crushing roller 1 (31) and the crushing roller 2 (32) are opposite, the helical angle of the helical teeth (33) is 30°-45°, and the tooth spacing is 2-3 mm. When working, the roller shafts of the crushing roller 1 (31) and the crushing roller 2 (32) rotate in opposite directions, and the speed difference is set to 1:1.2-1.

5.

6. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both ends of the first crushing roller (31) and the second crushing roller (32) are mounted on the side wall of the box (1) via bearings, and both ends extend to the outside of the box (1). One end of each is provided with a rotary joint (37), and the rotary joint (37) is connected to an external liquid nitrogen cooling system.

7. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding mechanism (4) comprises a lower grinding disc (41) and an upper grinding disc (42). A hollow discharge pipe (44) is provided at the center of the upper grinding disc (42). The upper portion of the discharge pipe (44) is located in the cylindrical channel and is slidably connected thereto. The upper end of the upper grinding disc (42) is located on both sides of the left and right sides of the discharge pipe (44), and a hydraulic rod (43) is provided. The hydraulic rod (43) has a built-in pressure sensor. The bottom of the lower grinding disc (41) is provided with a driving shaft (45). The lower end of the driving shaft (45) passes through the box (1) and is connected to the power mechanism (5). The upper end of the lower grinding disc (41) is provided with a driven shaft (46). The driven shaft (46) is located in the discharge pipe (44). A spiral blade (47) is installed on the driven shaft (46), and a cutting edge (48) is provided at the edge of the spiral blade (47).

8. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper grinding disc (42) and the lower grinding disc (41) are both composed of a base (411) and a grinding layer (412) located on the outer surface of the base (411). The base (411) is made of a high-strength aluminum alloy, and the grinding layer (412) on its surface is made of a ceramic sheet. The two are installed in a mosaic manner. A gap is left between the base (411) and the grinding layer (412), and the gap is filled with a heat-conducting material. The surface of the grinding layer (412) is provided with radial grinding teeth (413) that diverge from the center to the outside. The grinding teeth (413) are trapezoidal and have bevels on both sides. The bevel angle is set to 60 degrees. The surface of the grinding layer (412) is also provided with multiple guide grooves (414) and multiple temperature sensing elements (415).

9. The integrated equipment for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power mechanism (5) includes a planetary gearbox (51), a motor (52), a main sprocket (53), a transmission shaft (54), a reduction gearbox (55) and a chain (56). The planetary gearbox (51) is mounted on the side wall of the housing (1). It is provided with two output shafts, which are respectively connected to the ends of the first crushing roller (31) and the second crushing roller (32). The motor (52) is mounted on its input shaft. The motor shaft of the motor (52) is provided with a main sprocket (53). The main sprocket (53) drives the transmission shaft (54) disposed at the bottom of the housing (1) to rotate through the chain (56). A reduction gearbox (55) is provided at one end of the transmission shaft (54). The reduction gearbox (55) is connected to the driving shaft (45).

10. An integrated device for efficient crushing and cryogenic grinding of Torreya grandis kernels according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The PLC control system (2) controls the automatic operation of the entire device, communicates with the temperature sensing element 1 (132), the temperature sensing element 2 (134), the temperature sensing element 3 (34) and the temperature sensing element 4 (415) and monitors the temperature in real time. When the temperature is greater than the set value, the liquid cooling circulation system or the liquid nitrogen cooling system is adjusted to accelerate heat dissipation.

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