Electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The invention provides an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device and measuring method, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic particle measurement. In the device, a first bearing pipeline is cylindrical and is made of a non-magnetic material, an annular electromagnet is arranged on the outer side of a storage section, a first sensor is arranged on the outer side of a first induction section, a tracer inlet is communicated with the interior of the pipe, and an electromagnetic shielding shell covers the outer side of the annular electromagnet; a second sensor is arranged on the outer side of the second induction section of the second bearing pipeline; the tracer agent has soft magnetism and has flow and mass transfer behaviors which are the same as or similar to those of solid-phase particles to be detected; in the upper computer, a direct-current excitation circuit provides or cancels electromagnetism for an annular electromagnet so as to adsorb or release a tracer agent; the oscillating circuit, the first sensor and the second sensor form oscillating electromagnetic fields respectively; the sampling circuit collects a voltage pulse counting sample from the oscillation electromagnetic field and calculates an RTD value. The RTD measurement of the solid-phase particles is perfected, and the measurement range and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic particle measurement, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device and a measurement method. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of chemical engineering, environment and other fields involving fluid dynamics, the residence time distribution (RTD) is a characteristic curve used to describe the residence time distribution of fluids or particles in reactors, pipelines or equipment, and is an important basis for evaluating and optimizing the mixing performance and reaction efficiency of the system. When studying processes such as fluid flow behavior, chemical and physical reactions, and mass transfer in a system, it is necessary to measure the RTD.

[0003] In the prior art, common detection techniques for RTD include thermal tracer method, gas tracer method, conductivity method, tracer injection method, etc. Among them, the thermal tracer method measures the RTD by using temperature change as a tracer, but it is only applicable to systems with significant heat transfer, and must rely on systems with obvious thermal effects, with poor universality and difficulties in rapid and accurate monitoring of temperature. The gas tracer method injects a tracer gas and detects the flow rate and concentration of the tracer gas by arranging a flow meter and a mass spectrometer, which is applicable to gas residence time detection and cannot be applied to solid-phase particle detection. The conductivity method calculates the residence time of the fluid by changing the conductivity of the fluid and monitoring the change of the outlet conductivity, which depends on liquids with a certain conductivity and has the disadvantages of low accuracy and complex equipment. The tracer injection method injects a special tracer into the system. This tracer has the same physical properties as the main fluid in the fluid but does not participate in the reaction; by detecting the change of the concentration of the tracer at the reactor outlet over time, the residence time distribution of the fluid is speculated; however, most of the tracers currently used in the tracer injection method are fluorescent or radioactive tracers, which require transparent pipelines or are highly dangerous, and it is difficult to separate them from the materials after the experiment; moreover, the tracer injection method depends on visibility and is not applicable to opaque pipelines and dense-phase particle distributions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device and a measurement method, which use ferromagnetic particles as tracers, circular coils as sensing elements of the pipeline to be measured, and calculate the residence time distribution of solid particles based on the induction signal output at both ends of the pipeline to be measured, utilize the penetrability of the electromagnetic field to obtain the concentration information of the tracer inside the pipeline to be measured, thereby measuring the RTD, which is applicable to the detection of solid-phase particles and can ensure the accuracy of detection with high precision.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device, which includes a first carrier pipe 1, a tracer memory 2, a first sensor 3, a second carrier pipe 4, a second sensor 5, a host computer 6, and a tracer 7; wherein, The first carrier pipe 1 is cylindrical and made of non-magnetic material. Functionally, it includes a first head seal section 11, a storage section 12, a connection section 13, a first induction section 14, a first tail seal section 15, a first seal 16, and a second seal 17; a first sensor 3 is arranged outside the first induction section 14; The tracer memory 2 includes an annular electromagnet 21, a tracer inlet 22, and an electromagnetic shielding shell 23; the annular electromagnet 21 is arranged outside the storage section 12 of the first carrier pipe 1 and is connected to the host computer 6; the tracer inlet 22 is communicated with the inside of the first carrier pipe 1; the electromagnetic shielding shell 23 covers the outside of the annular electromagnet 21; The tracer 7 has soft magnetism and has the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors as the solid-phase particles to be measured; The second carrier pipe 4 includes a second head seal section 41, a second induction section 42, a second tail seal section 43, a third seal 44, and a fourth seal 45; a second sensor 5 is arranged outside the second induction section 42; The host computer 6 includes a control circuit 61, a DC excitation circuit 62, an oscillation circuit 63, a sampling circuit 64, an information processing module 65, and a display module 66; the control circuit 61 is connected to the DC excitation circuit 62, the oscillation circuit 63, and the sampling circuit 64 for controlling the on / off of the three circuits; the DC excitation circuit 62 is connected to the annular electromagnet 21 to provide electromagnetic property for the annular electromagnet 21 before the measurement starts. The magnetic field formed by the annular electromagnet 21 is used to adsorb the added tracer 7 and cancel the electromagnetic property at the start of the measurement, so that the tracer 7 flows in the pipe; the oscillation circuit 63 is connected to both the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5 for forming an oscillating electromagnetic field with the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5; the sampling circuit 64 is connected to the oscillation circuit 63 for collecting voltage pulse count samples from the oscillating electromagnetic fields of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5.

[0006] Further, the first head sealing section 11 is hermetically connected to the lower port of the pipeline 81 for the particles to be measured through the first seal 16, and the tail sealing section 15 is hermetically connected to the upper port of the measuring section pipeline 82 through the second seal 17; the second head sealing section 41 is hermetically connected to the lower port of the measuring section pipeline 82 through the third seal 44; the second tail sealing section 43 is hermetically connected to the upper port of the pipeline 83 for the measured particles through the fourth seal 44; the tracer inlet 22 is arranged on the annular electromagnet 12 or at the open place of the first head sealing section 11 near the annular electromagnet 21; the tracer inlets 22 are arranged in an even number and symmetrically.

[0007] Further, the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5 are formed by electromagnetic coils and form an oscillating electromagnetic field with the capacitors in the oscillating circuit 63; The oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the first sensor 3 and the oscillating circuit 63 generates the first electromagnetic information, and the oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the second sensor 5 and the oscillating circuit 63 generates the second electromagnetic information; when the tracer 7 with soft magnetism passes through the electromagnetic coils of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5, the inductance of the two electromagnetic coils is changed, and voltage pulse information is respectively formed in the two oscillating circuits. At this time, the sampling circuit 64 collects the voltage pulse counting information of the first electromagnetic information and the second electromagnetic information to form a sample; the information processing module 65 of the upper computer 6 calculates the residence time distribution RTD of the measured solid-phase particles according to the collected sample containing voltage pulse information.

[0008] Further, an electromagnetic coil with a radial length adapted to the speed of the tracer 7 is adopted to keep the speed of the tracer 7 unchanged when passing through the detection range of a single induction coil, so as to ensure that the concentration information reflected by the recorded voltage pulse signal has no overlap.

[0009] Further, the oscillating circuit 63 further includes an operational amplifier; the capacitor-inductor oscillating circuit adopts a three-point layout to form a sine wave signal through resonance, and the electromagnetic coil participates in the oscillation as a sensor element, and the operational amplifier is used to provide gain for the oscillating circuit to maintain the oscillation.

[0010] Further, the outer sides of the first sensor 3 and / or the second sensor 5 are coated with electromagnetic shielding shells.

[0011] Further, the tracer 7 is processed according to the modeling criterion, so that the processed tracer 7 has, while having soft magnetism, particle size and particle density such that the tracer and the solid-phase particles to be measured have the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors.

[0012] Second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement method, and the measurement method is measured by using the measurement device as described above; it includes a static calibration stage, an equipment preparation stage, and a dynamic measurement stage; where The static calibration stage includes: Separate the first carrier pipeline and the second carrier pipeline respectively, connect a sensor and a second sensor to the oscillation circuit of the upper computer, and connect the control circuit, the sampling circuit, and the information processing module; for each sensor, measure a number of tracers with different concentrations, and sequentially put the measured tracers with different concentrations into the first carrier pipeline or the second carrier pipeline, and start the measurement device to record the corresponding voltage pulse count information at each concentration point; each group of concentrations and the measured voltage pulse count is a calibration sample ; traverse all concentration points to obtain a set of sample sets ; Suppose the voltage pulse count and the tracer concentration satisfy the following linear relationship: ; (1) Substitute the sample set into formula (1), and use the least squares method for fitting to solve the expression of the function ; The function determines the relationship between the tracer concentration and the voltage pulse count of the sensor, and the static calibration ends; The equipment preparation stage includes: Seal and connect the upper port of the first carrier pipeline to the lower port of the pipeline through which the to-be-measured particles pass through the first seal, seal and connect the lower port of the first carrier pipeline to the upper port of the measurement section pipeline through the second seal, seal and connect the upper port of the second carrier pipeline to the lower port of the measurement section pipeline through the third seal, and seal and connect the lower port of the second carrier pipeline to the upper port of the pipeline through which the measured particles pass through the fourth seal to form a solid-phase particle path; connect the toroidal electromagnet to the DC excitation circuit, connect the first sensor and the second sensor to the oscillation circuit of the upper computer, and connect the control circuit, the DC excitation circuit, the sampling circuit, the information processing module, and the display module; Start the upper computer, and turn on the DC excitation circuit, the oscillation circuit, the sampling circuit, the information processing module, and the display module through the control circuit; the DC excitation circuit inputs a DC excitation current to the toroidal electromagnet to start the toroidal electromagnet to generate magnetism; inject the tracer into the tracer memory through the tracer injection port; at this time, the tracer is magnetically adsorbed on the inner wall of the corresponding position of the toroidal electromagnet in the first carrier pipeline, and the equipment preparation is completed; The dynamic measurement stage includes: The DC excitation circuit is disconnected through the control circuit of the host computer to cancel the magnetic field of the toroidal electromagnet; the tracer and the fixed particles enter the first carrying pipeline, the measurement section pipeline, the second carrying pipeline in sequence, and finally enter the pipeline for the measured particles to pass through; an oscillating magnetic field with voltage pulses is formed between the oscillating circuit and the first sensor and the second sensor, the sampling circuit collects the voltage pulse information, and uploads the counted voltage pulses collected to the information processing module; the information processing module Converts the counted voltage pulses into tracer concentration information, calculates the residence time distribution RTD value of the current solid-phase particles, and displays the results through the display module.

[0013] Furthermore, in the static calibration stage, a simple linear function is used as the relational expression to be solved, and let (2) In formula (2), a and b are the undetermined parameters of the function ; The function solving process is transformed into solving the following optimization problem: (3) In formula (3), is the parameter of the linear function φ ( N ) to be solved, and are respectively the counted voltage pulses and the tracer concentration recorded in the static calibration experiment; Determining the parameter determines the relationship between the tracer concentration and the counted voltage pulses of this sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, in the dynamic measurement stage, when calculating the RTD value of the current solid-phase particles, the counted voltage pulses corresponding to the first sensor are , which are converted into the tracer concentration , the counted voltage pulses corresponding to the second sensor are , which are converted into the tracer concentration ; the residence time distribution is calculated through the following formula: (4) In formula (4), represents the Laplace transform, and for any time-domain function , , is the measurement time, and s is the complex variable in the Laplace transform.

[0015] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device and measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present invention are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, use soft magnetic particles as tracers, do not need to rely on visible transparent pipes, have no radioactive hazards, and after the measurement is completed, the tracer is easy to separate from the material particles and can be reused. To a certain extent, it solves the problems existing in the existing residence time distribution RTD detection technology, has a wide measurement range, high measurement accuracy and precision, and has high universality.

[0016] Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time to implement any product or method of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is an installation effect diagram of the measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a block diagram of the internal structure of the host computer in the measuring device described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 1-first bearing pipe; 11-first head sealing section; 12-storage section; 13-connecting section; 14-first sensing section; 15-first tail sealing section; 16-first sealing member; 17-second sealing member; 2-tracer storage; 21-annular electromagnet; 22-tracer injection port; 23-electromagnetic shielding shell; 3-first sensor; 4-second bearing pipe; 41-second head sealing section; 42-second sensing section; 43-second tail sealing section; 44-third sealing member; 45-fourth sealing member; 5-second sensor; 6-host computer; 61-control circuit; 62-DC excitation circuit; 63-oscillation circuit; 64-sampling circuit; 65-information processing module; 66-display module; 7-tracer; 81-passageway for particles to be measured; 82-measurement section pipeline; 83-passageway for particles that have been measured; 84-particle circulation route. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can also be combined with each other without conflict.

[0021] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] Based on the limitations of existing RTD detection, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device and measurement method. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, a tracer based on ferromagnetic solid particles is designed. The penetrability of the electromagnetic field is used to obtain the concentration information of the tracer inside the measured pipeline. The solid particle tracer can be processed according to actual requirements to meet fluid dynamics characteristics similar to those of the measured solid phase. After the measurement is completed, the ferromagnetic properties can be used to separate the tracer from the measured solid phase, thereby realizing RTD measurement of the solid phase particles and ensuring the accuracy and precision of the detection.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first carrying pipe 1, a tracer storage 2, a first sensor 3, a second carrying pipe 4, a second sensor 5, a host computer 6 and a tracer 7.

[0024] Among them, the first carrying pipe 1 is a continuous cylindrical shape, made of non-magnetic material, preferably aluminum alloy material, and is segmented according to function, including a first head sealing section 11, a storage section 12, a connecting section 13, a first sensing section 14, a first tail sealing section 15, a first seal 16 and a second seal 17; the first head sealing section 11 is sealed and connected to the lower port of the particle passage pipe 81 to be measured through the first seal 16, and the tail sealing section 15 is sealed and connected to the upper port of the measuring section pipe 82 through the second seal 17; a tracer storage device 2 is arranged outside the storage section 12, and a first sensor 3 is arranged outside the first sensing section 14.

[0025] The tracer memory 2 includes an annular electromagnet 21, a tracer inlet 22, and an electromagnetic shielding shell 23. Among them, the annular electromagnet 21 is disposed outside the storage section 12 of the first carrier pipe 1 and is connected to the host computer 6; the tracer inlet 22 is in communication with the inside of the first carrier pipe 1 and can be disposed on the annular electromagnet 12 or at the open end of the first head seal section 11 near the annular electromagnet 21; the electromagnetic shielding shell 23 is wrapped outside the annular electromagnet 21 to prevent the magnetic field of the annular electromagnet 21 from leaking out and interacting with other magnetic / electromagnetic components. Preferably, the number of the tracer inlets 22 is set to be an even number and they are symmetrically arranged.

[0026] The second carrier pipe 4 includes a second head seal section 41, a second induction section 42, a second tail seal section 43, a third seal 44, and a fourth seal 45; among them, the second head seal section 41 is hermetically connected to the lower port of the measurement section pipe 82 through the third seal 44; the second tail seal section 43 is hermetically connected to the upper port of the measured particle passage pipe 83 through the fourth seal 44; a second sensor 5 is disposed outside the second induction section 42.

[0027] As Figure 3 shown, the host computer 6 includes a control circuit 61, a DC excitation circuit 62, an oscillation circuit 63, a sampling circuit 64, an information processing module 65, and a display module 66. Among them, the control circuit 61 is connected to the DC excitation circuit 62, the oscillation circuit 63, and the sampling circuit 64 for controlling the on / off of the three circuits; the DC excitation circuit 62 is connected to the annular electromagnet 21 to provide electromagnetic properties for the annular electromagnet 21 before the measurement starts. The magnetic field formed by the annular electromagnet 21 is used to adsorb the added tracer 7, so that the tracer 7 added before the measurement starts adheres to the inner wall of the first carrier pipe 1 through the magnetic field action, and the electromagnetic property is revoked at the start of the measurement to make the tracer 7 flow in the pipe. The oscillation circuit 63 is simultaneously connected to the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5 for forming an oscillating electromagnetic field with the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5; the sampling circuit 64 is connected to the oscillation circuit 63 for sampling from the oscillating electromagnetic fields of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5.

[0028] The first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5 are formed by electromagnetic coils and form an oscillating electromagnetic field with the capacitors in the oscillation circuit 63. Preferably, the outer sides of the first sensor 3 and / or the second sensor 5 are wrapped with electromagnetic shielding shells to prevent interaction with other magnetic / electromagnetic components (for example, the annular electromagnet 21).

[0029] The first sensor 3 and the oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the oscillating circuit 63 generate first electromagnetic information, and the second sensor 5 and the oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the oscillating circuit 63 generate second electromagnetic information. When the tracer 7 with soft magnetism passes through the electromagnetic coils of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5, the inductance of the two electromagnetic coils is changed, and voltage pulse information is formed in the two oscillating circuits respectively. At this time, the sampling circuit 64 collects the voltage pulse count information of the first electromagnetic information and the second electromagnetic information to form a sample. The information processing module 65 of the host computer 6 calculates the RTD of the measured solid-phase particles according to the collected sample containing voltage pulse information. Preferably, the oscillating circuit 63 further includes an operational amplifier; the capacitance-inductance oscillating circuit adopts a three-point arrangement to form a sine wave signal through resonance, and the electromagnetic coil participates in the oscillation as a sensor element, and the operational amplifier is used to provide gain for the oscillating circuit to maintain the oscillation.

[0030] The electromagnetic coil settings of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 5 are related to the effective detection concentration of the tracer 7 by the measuring device. Here, the effective detection concentration refers to the minimum concentration at which the tracer 7 can play a role in detecting the particle RTD. For the selection of the coil, when measuring the dynamic concentration, it is necessary to maintain a constant speed when the tracer passes through the detection range of a single induction coil to ensure that the concentration information reflected by the recorded voltage pulse signal is non-overlapping. Therefore, an electromagnetic coil with a radial length adapted to the speed of the tracer 7 is required to shorten the detection range, and generally a coil with a shorter radial length is used to ensure better selectivity of the electromagnetic coil for the tracer 7.

[0031] The tracer 7 is made of a soft magnetic material, has soft magnetism, and has a particle shape, size, and / or density adapted to the solid-phase particles to be measured. Here, the tracer 7 having a particle shape, size, and density adapted to the solid-phase particles to be measured is to have the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors as the solid-phase particles to be measured. Here, "similar" is defined as the difference in flow and mass transfer behaviors not affecting the measurement result of the RTD. In an application example, when processing the tracer 7, it is processed according to the modeling criterion so that the processed tracer 7 has, while having soft magnetism, a particle size and particle density such that the tracer has the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors as the solid-phase particles to be measured. Here, "the same or similar" means that the flow and mass transfer behaviors of the tracer can replace the flow characteristics or mass transfer behaviors of the solid-phase particles. By measuring the RTD of the tracer in the same environment, it can replace or represent the flow characteristics or mass transfer behaviors of the solid-phase particles in this environment. Based on the provided electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring method. The measuring method includes a static calibration stage, an equipment preparation stage, and a dynamic measurement stage.

[0032] The static calibration stage includes: Before the formal measurement, static experimental calibration is carried out on the first sensor and the second sensor. In this embodiment, there is an approximate linear relationship between the tracer concentration and the voltage pulse count. Its measurement principle is to calculate the tracer concentration by measuring the voltage pulse count and further deduce the RTD. Therefore, before the measurement starts, it is necessary to obtain the quantitative relationship between the tracer concentration and the voltage pulse count, that is, to obtain the function expression or the parameters in the function of the linear relationship between the two.

[0033] Before calibration, the first carrying pipeline and the second carrying pipeline are placed separately, and the first sensor and the second sensor are connected to the oscillation circuit of the upper computer, and the control circuit, the sampling circuit and the information processing module are connected; for each sensor, a number of tracers with different concentrations are measured. For example, n concentration points are set (the number of concentration points selected for each sensor can be different). The tracers at each concentration point are measured respectively, and the measured tracers with different concentrations are sequentially put into the first carrying pipeline or the second carrying pipeline, and the measuring device is started to record the corresponding voltage pulse count information at each concentration point; each group of concentration and the measured voltage pulse count is a calibration sample ; all concentration points are traversed to obtain a set of sample sets .

[0034] Let the voltage pulse count and the tracer concentration satisfy the following linear relationship: ; (1) Substitute the sample set into formula (1), and use the least squares method for fitting to solve the expression of the function .

[0035] Preferably, a simple linear function is used as the relationship to be solved, and let (2) In formula (2), a and b are the undetermined parameters of the function .

[0036] The function solving process is transformed into solving the following optimization problem: (3) In formula (3), is the parameter of the linear function to be solved, and are respectively the voltage pulse count and the tracer concentration recorded in the static calibration experiment.

[0037] The above function settings and parameter determination process are completed by the information processing module. Determining the parameter , that is, determining the relationship between the tracer concentration of the sensor and the voltage pulse count, and the static calibration is completed.

[0038] The equipment preparation stage includes: Seal and connect the upper port of the first carrier pipe to the lower port of the pipeline for the to-be-tested particles through the first seal, seal and connect the lower port of the first carrier pipe to the upper port of the measurement section pipe through the second seal, seal and connect the upper port of the second carrier pipe to the lower port of the measurement section pipe through the third seal, and seal and connect the lower port of the second carrier pipe to the upper port of the pipeline for the measured particles through the fourth seal to form a solid-phase particle passage. The particle passage may also have a particle circulation route. After the measured particles and the tracer complete the measurement, they return to the first carrier pipe. At this time, the tracer can be recovered by the toroidal electromagnet. It may also not have a particle circulation route, and the measured particles and the tracer enter other processes; at this time, the tracer cannot be recycled, and the tracer is supplemented through the tracer injection port when necessary.

[0039] Connect the toroidal electromagnet to the DC excitation circuit, connect the first sensor and the second sensor to the oscillation circuit of the upper computer, and connect the control circuit, DC excitation circuit, sampling circuit, information processing module, and display module.

[0040] Start the upper computer, and turn on the DC excitation circuit, oscillation circuit, sampling circuit, information processing module, and display module through the control circuit; the DC excitation circuit inputs a DC excitation current to the toroidal electromagnet to start the toroidal electromagnet to generate magnetism; inject the tracer into the tracer memory through the tracer injection port; at this time, the tracer is magnetically adsorbed on the inner wall of the corresponding position of the toroidal electromagnet in the first carrier pipe, and the preparation work of the measurement system is completed.

[0041] The dynamic measurement stage includes: Disconnect the DC excitation circuit through the control circuit of the upper computer to cancel the magnetic field of the toroidal electromagnet; the tracer and the fixed particles enter the first carrier pipe, measurement section pipe, second carrier pipe, and finally enter the pipeline for the measured particles in sequence. An oscillating magnetic field with voltage pulses is formed between the oscillation circuit and the first sensor and the second sensor. The sampling circuit collects the voltage pulse information and uploads the collected voltage pulse count to the information processing module; the information processing module converts the voltage pulse count information into tracer concentration information according to formula (1) or formula (2), calculates the RTD value of the current solid-phase particles, and displays the result through the display module.

[0042] When calculating the RTD value of the current solid-phase particles, the voltage pulse count corresponding to the first sensor is , converted to tracer concentration , the voltage pulse count corresponding to the second sensor is , converted to tracer concentration ; Residence time distribution can be calculated by the following formula: (4) In formula (4), represents the Laplace transform, and for any time-domain function , , is the measurement time, s is the complex variable in the Laplace transform.

[0043] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that for the electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device and measurement method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, through the tracer memory and the soft magnetic tracer, the release and recovery of the tracer are controlled by the electromagnet, solving the problem that it is difficult to recover the tracer in the prior art. This solution uses a sensor with an internal induction coil to detect the concentration information of the tracer by using the penetrability of the electromagnetic field, solving the problem that the prior art needs to rely on a visible transparent pipeline, and because the electromagnetic field energy generated by the device is extremely low and easy to control, solving the problem of radioactive hazards in the prior art for measuring the RTD of solid-phase particles; at the same time, through the control of the preparation process of the tracer, it can be applied to the measurement of various solid-phase particles with different sizes and densities, and the measurement accuracy and precision are high.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles applied, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention claimed, but only represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device, characterized in that, The device includes a first carrier pipeline, a tracer memory, a first sensor, a second carrier pipeline, a second sensor, a host computer, and a tracer; wherein, The first carrier pipeline is cylindrical and made of non-magnetic material. Functionally, it includes a first head sealing section, a storage section, a connection section, a first induction section, a first tail sealing section, a first seal, and a second seal; a first sensor is arranged outside the first induction section; The tracer memory includes an annular electromagnet, a tracer inlet, and an electromagnetic shielding shell; the annular electromagnet is arranged outside the storage section of the first carrier pipeline and is connected to the host computer; the tracer inlet is communicated with the inside of the first carrier pipeline; the electromagnetic shielding shell covers the outside of the annular electromagnet; The tracer has soft magnetism and has the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors as the solid-phase particles to be measured; The second carrier pipeline includes a second head sealing section, a second induction section, a second tail sealing section, a third seal, and a fourth seal; a second sensor is arranged outside the second induction section; The host computer includes a control circuit, a DC excitation circuit, an oscillation circuit, a sampling circuit, an information processing module, and a display module; the control circuit is connected to the DC excitation circuit, the oscillation circuit, and the sampling circuit for controlling the on / off of the three circuits; the DC excitation circuit is connected to the annular electromagnet to provide electromagnetic property for the annular electromagnet before the measurement starts. The magnetic field formed by the annular electromagnet is used to adsorb the added tracer and cancel the electromagnetic property at the start of the measurement to make the tracer flow in the pipeline; the oscillation circuit is connected to the first sensor and the second sensor at the same time for forming an oscillating electromagnetic field with the first sensor and the second sensor; the sampling circuit is connected to the oscillation circuit for collecting voltage pulse count samples from the oscillating electromagnetic fields of the first sensor and the second sensor.

2. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement device according to claim 1, wherein In the first carrier pipeline, the first head sealing section is hermetically connected to the lower port of the pipeline for the particles to be measured through the first seal, and the tail sealing section is hermetically connected to the upper port of the measurement section pipeline through the second seal; In the second carrier pipeline, the second head sealing section is hermetically connected to the lower port of the measurement section pipeline through the third seal; the second tail sealing section is hermetically connected to the upper port of the pipeline for the measured particles through the fourth seal; The tracer inlet is arranged on the annular electromagnet or at the open place near the annular electromagnet of the first head sealing section; the tracer inlet is set to be an even number and is symmetrically arranged.

3. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device according to claim 1, wherein The first sensor and the second sensor are formed by electromagnetic coils and form an oscillating electromagnetic field with the capacitor in the oscillation circuit; The first sensor generates first electromagnetic information with the oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the oscillating circuit, and the second sensor generates second electromagnetic information with the oscillating electromagnetic field formed by the oscillating circuit. When the tracer with soft magnetism passes through the electromagnetic coils of the first sensor and the second sensor, the inductances of the two electromagnetic coils are changed, and voltage pulse information is respectively formed in the two oscillating circuits. At this time, the sampling circuit collects the voltage pulse count information of the first electromagnetic information and the second electromagnetic information to form a sample. The information processing module of the host computer calculates the residence time distribution RTD of the measured solid-phase particles according to the sample containing the voltage pulse information collected.

4. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that An electromagnetic coil with a radial length adapted to the tracer velocity is used to keep the velocity of the tracer unchanged when passing through the detection range of a single induction coil, so as to ensure that the concentration information reflected by the recorded voltage pulse signal has no overlap.

5. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that The oscillating circuit further includes an operational amplifier. The capacitance-inductance oscillating circuit adopts a three-point layout to form a sine wave signal through resonance. The electromagnetic coil participates in the oscillation generation as a sensor element, and the operational amplifier is used to provide gain for the oscillating circuit to maintain the oscillation.

6. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that The outer sides of the first sensor and / or the second sensor are covered with electromagnetic shielding cases.

7. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measuring device according to claim 1, wherein The tracer is processed according to the modeling criterion so that the processed tracer has soft magnetism while having particle size and particle density that enable the tracer to have the same or similar flow and mass transfer behaviors as the solid-phase particles to be measured.

8. An electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement method, characterized in that, The measurement method is measured by using the measurement device according to any one of claims 1-7; It includes a static calibration stage, an equipment preparation stage, and a dynamic measurement stage; wherein, The static calibration stage includes: Place the first load-bearing pipe and the second load-bearing pipe separately. Connect a first sensor and a second sensor to the oscillation circuit of the host computer, and connect the control circuit, the sampling circuit, and the information processing module. For each sensor, measure a number of tracers with different concentrations, and sequentially place the measured tracers with different concentrations into the first load-bearing pipe or the second load-bearing pipe, and start the measuring device to record the voltage pulse count information corresponding to each concentration point; each group of concentrations and the measured voltage pulse count is a calibration sample ; Traverse all concentration points to obtain a set of sample sets ; Set the voltage pulse count and the tracer concentration satisfy the following linear relationship: ； （1） Substitute the sample set into Equation (1), and perform fitting using the least squares method to solve for the expression of the function ; The function determines the relationship between the tracer concentration of the sensor and the voltage pulse count, and the static calibration is completed; The equipment preparation stage includes: The upper port of the first carrier pipe is hermetically connected to the lower port of the pipeline for the particles to be measured through the first seal, the lower port of the first carrier pipe is hermetically connected to the upper port of the measurement section pipe through the second seal, the upper port of the second carrier pipe is hermetically connected to the lower port of the measurement section pipe through the third seal, and the lower port of the second carrier pipe is hermetically connected to the upper port of the pipeline for the measured particles through the fourth seal to form a solid-phase particle passage. The toroidal electromagnet is connected to the DC excitation circuit, the first sensor and the second sensor are connected to the oscillating circuit of the host computer, and the control circuit, the DC excitation circuit, the sampling circuit, the information processing module, and the display module are connected. The host computer is started, and the DC excitation circuit, the oscillating circuit, the sampling circuit, the information processing module, and the display module are turned on through the control circuit. The DC excitation circuit inputs a DC excitation current to the toroidal electromagnet to start the toroidal electromagnet to generate magnetism. The tracer is injected into the tracer memory through the tracer injection port. At this time, the tracer is magnetically adsorbed on the inner wall at the corresponding position of the toroidal electromagnet of the first carrier pipe, and the equipment preparation is completed. The dynamic measurement stage includes: The control circuit of the host computer disconnects the DC excitation circuit to cancel the magnetic field of the toroidal electromagnet; the tracer and the fixed particles enter the first carrier pipeline, the measurement section pipeline, the second carrier pipeline in sequence, and finally enter the pipeline for the measured particles to pass through; an oscillating magnetic field with voltage pulses is formed between the oscillating circuit and the first sensor and the second sensor, the sampling circuit collects the voltage pulse information, and uploads the counted voltage pulses collected to the information processing module; the information processing module converts the voltage pulse count into tracer concentration information, calculates the residence time distribution RTD value of the current solid-phase particles, and displays the results through the display module.

9. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that In the static calibration stage, a simple linear function is used as the relational expression to be solved, and it is assumed that （2） In formula (2), a and b are undetermined parameters of the function ; The function solving process is transformed into solving the following optimization problem: （3） In formula (3), is the parameter of the linear function to be solved , and are the voltage pulse count and tracer concentration recorded in the static calibration experiment, respectively; Determine the parameters , that is, the relationship between the tracer concentration of the sensor and the voltage pulse count is determined.

10. The electromagnetic solid-phase particle residence time distribution measurement method according to claim 8, wherein During the dynamic measurement phase, the RTD value of the current solid-phase particles is calculated, and the voltage pulse count corresponding to the first sensor is , which is converted into the tracer concentration , the voltage pulse count corresponding to the second sensor is , which is converted into the tracer concentration ; The residence time distribution is calculated by the following formula: （4） In Equation (4), represents the Laplace transform, and for any time-domain function , , is the measurement time, and s is the complex variable in the Laplace transform.

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