A vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and its ultrasonic sound frequency directional system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and specifically discloses a vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and an ultrasonic audio directional system thereof, comprising an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate in an arc-shaped structure, between which a vibration interferer is fixedly installed. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and the ultrasonic audio directional system thereof modulate a low-frequency interference signal with an ultrasonic carrier signal based on the spectral characteristics of the interference signal of the target pest, and emits a modulated ultrasonic signal through a transducer (i.e., a directional player) inside the vibration interferer. The ultrasonic wave self-demodulates a highly directional interference signal in the air, and accurately transmits the interference signal to the edge of the field or an irregular blind spot, thereby preventing the interference signal of the omnidirectional player inside the field from being attenuated to ineffectiveness when reaching the edge of the field or in the blind spot. The use of two players in combination does not require a significant increase in the power of the internal omnidirectional player, thus avoiding noise pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pest control, in particular to a vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and an ultrasonic sound frequency directional system thereof. Background Art

[0002] Piercing-sucking pests are among the most destructive pests in agriculture and horticulture. They feed by piercing plant tissues (leaves, stems, fruits, etc.) and sucking sap. These pests possess specialized piercing-sucking mouthparts that suck sap directly from the phloem or xylem of plants, leading to nutrient deficiencies, bud and leaf wilting, and the spread of plant diseases. Many piercing-sucking pests communicate through vibration signals transmitted by the substrate. Research has shown that these pests can disrupt intraspecific communication through vibration interference, potentially enabling their control.

[0003] For example, in the prior art, Chinese patent application number CN202011514706.1 discloses a method for repelling or interfering with pests using an underground vibration source, comprising the following steps: (1) determining target insects, wherein the target insects communicate within the species through one or more vibration waves; in this case, insects usually use vibration waves to achieve courtship; (2) burying the vibration source underground; the burial depth is not limited. (3) sending an interfering vibration wave targeting only the target insect to the plant, wherein the vibration wave propagates from the vibration source through the soil and the plant body in a solid medium to the target insect located on the plant, so as to achieve at least one of the following purposes: causing the target insect to leave the plant body; obstructing courtship between target insects through a certain vibration wave; or interfering with information exchange between target insects through a certain vibration wave.

[0004] For example, in the prior art, Chinese patent application number CN202310322722.8 discloses a method for detecting the effectiveness of vibration interference signals in controlling rice planthoppers. The method mainly evaluates the effectiveness of vibration interference signals emitted by an insect vibration signal interference device at the base of the main stem of rice by measuring the vibration intensity (vibration velocity) of the vibration interference signal at the base of the main stem of rice; the present invention also relates to a system for detecting the effectiveness of vibration interference signals in controlling rice planthoppers, comprising an insect vibration signal interference device to be tested, rice from the tillering stage to the booting stage, a vibration meter and a ruler; by collecting vibration velocity data at the base of the rice stem at different positions, it is determined whether the parameter settings of the interference device cause effective interference to rice planthoppers.

[0005] Combined with the above materials, it can be seen that the existing technology can use vibration wave stimulation to achieve the purpose of interfering with pest behavior, but in actual use, the existing technology generally uses omnidirectional speakers or exciters to play sound waves inside the field. When the sound waves are transmitted to the edge of the field, the intensity needs to be attenuated to below 40dB (national environmental protection standards require). At this time, the reproduction intensity of the interference signal on the leaves or stems of crops at the edge of the field cannot reach the effective intensity threshold that affects the behavior of the target pests. However, if the sound wave intensity is increased, it will cause more serious noise pollution to the surrounding environment of the field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and its ultrasonic audio directional system, which can be used in conjunction with an omnidirectional speaker to construct an effective sound field for target pest interference signals in the field, so as to solve the problem in the above-mentioned background technology that the omnidirectional speaker has poor sound wave propagation directionality and the sound waves (interference signals) cannot effectively cover the edges of the field or irregular blind spots while meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a vibration interference device for piercing and sucking pests, comprising an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate in an arc-shaped structure, a vibration interferer is fixedly installed between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate, an omnidirectional player is installed inside the vibration interferer, a transducer is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the vibration interferer, and the transducer is a circular piston transducer, a control box is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate, and the control box is connected to the vibration interferer by a connecting wire; a support base for supporting the entire device is provided below the lower fixed plate, and a movable roller is rotatably installed on the side of the support base, and a support column is provided between the support base and the lower fixed plate, and an adjustment mechanism is provided on the outside of the support column.

[0008] Preferably, a battery for powering the control box is fixedly installed above the control box, and the battery is connected to a solar panel, and the solar panel is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the upper fixed plate.

[0009] Preferably, a cooling fan is installed on the side of the control box, and a cooling air duct is formed between the cooling fan and the cooling slot opened inside the rear cover.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a limiting sleeve slidably mounted on the outside of the support column, and the limiting sleeve is fixedly mounted to the adjustment slider through a connecting plate mounted on the outside thereof, and the adjustment slider is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate through a support plate mounted on the outside thereof.

[0011] Preferably, an adjusting threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the upper surface of the support column, and the adjusting threaded rod is threadedly connected to the adjusting slider, and a rotating handle is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top end of the adjusting threaded rod.

[0012] An ultrasonic sound frequency directional system for vibration interference devices for piercing-sucking pests includes an ultrasonic sound frequency directional propagation system and an interference signal preprocessing algorithm. The theoretical basis for signal processing in the ultrasonic sound frequency directional propagation system is the KZK equation and its analytical solution. The KZK equation is used to simulate and verify the nonlinear sound field of a directional speaker. The KZK equation is expressed as follows:

[0013]

[0014] Where: z is the propagation distance of the sound wave along the axis of the sound beam, p is the sound pressure, c is the speed of sound, τ is the delay time, δ is the sound scattering degree, β is the nonlinear coefficient, and ρ is the air density.

[0015] Preferably, in the ultrasonic audio directional propagation system, a circular piston transducer directly emits sound waves, wherein the directivity function of the circular piston transducer is:

[0016]

[0017] The directivity of the circular piston transducer is related to the radius of the effective vibration surface.

[0018] Preferably, the interference signal preprocessing algorithm adopts an improved AM modulation method, which is based on the DSB method and draws on the development principle of the square root method to reduce the sound distortion of the DSB method.

[0019] Preferably, the output of the improved AM modulation method is:

[0020] .

[0021] Preferably, the ultrasonic audio directional propagation system further includes a control processing circuit, a data communication circuit, a power supply circuit, a watchdog circuit, a U disk interface circuit, a serial port signal circuit, a storage circuit and a power amplifier circuit;

[0022] The control processing circuit adopts the domestic processing chip GD32F470ZIT6;

[0023] The data communication circuit uses the EC04-DGC4GMQTT communication module, which supports the Cat1 network of the three major operators and has the joint positioning function of GPS / Beidou;

[0024] The watchdog circuit automatically restores the system to normal working state without human intervention when system crashes caused by potential program errors or interference from harsh environments.

[0025] The USB disk interface circuit uses the host mode of the USB full-speed interface of the GD32F470ZIT6 processing chip;

[0026] The driver chip CH340N used in the serial communication circuit is a USB bus adapter chip that realizes USB to serial port conversion;

[0027] The storage circuit includes SDRAM and SDNAND, wherein SDRAM is synchronous dynamic random access memory and SDNAND is an extension of a memory card.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests and its ultrasonic sound frequency directional system adopt a new structural design, the specific contents of which are as follows:

[0029] 1. The vibration of the vibration jammer transducer (i.e., directional player) emits a modulated ultrasonic signal. The ultrasonic wave self-demodulates a highly directional interference signal in the air, and accurately transmits the interference signal to the edge of the field, preventing the signal of the omnidirectional player inside the field from attenuating to ineffectiveness at the edge of the field, or failing to cover irregular blind spots. The use of two players in combination does not require a significant increase in the power of the internal omnidirectional player, thus avoiding noise pollution.

[0030] Furthermore, a solar panel is fixed on the upper surface of the upper fixed plate of the device, which absorbs sunlight and converts it into electricity, and uses the battery inside the device to store the electricity, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection;

[0031] Furthermore, by rotating the handle to drive the adjusting threaded rod to rotate, the adjusting threaded rod drives the adjusting slider installed with a thread through the outside of it to move up and down, so that the adjusting slider drives the device to move up and down as a whole, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the height, so that the device can be used to adapt to crops of different heights.

[0032] 2. Using ultrasonic audio directional propagation system, ultrasonic transducers are used to generate multiple frequency ultrasonic signals with good directivity, which propagate in a specified direction. Then, during the propagation process, the ultrasonic signals of multiple frequencies generate multiple frequency signals through nonlinear interaction and are continuously strengthened. The high-frequency signals will attenuate as the propagation distance increases. Finally, only the lower-frequency audible sound signals will enter the listener's ears.

[0033] Furthermore, during the use of the device, an improved amplitude modulation (AM) method is proposed based on the interference signal preprocessing algorithm DSB method of the improved AM modulation method and the development principle of the square root method is borrowed to reduce the sound distortion of the DSB method and provide an achievable limited signal bandwidth, thereby solving the problem that the DSB method has high distortion and the square root method requires infinite bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall back structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solar panel structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control box structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support base structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A in the middle is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0040] Figure 7 This is the principle diagram of the improved AM modulation method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 is the distortion percentage of different modulation methods of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a data communication circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is the watchdog circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is the U disk interface circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a serial communication circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a power amplifier circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1. Upper fixing plate; 2. Lower fixing plate; 3. Vibration disruptor; 4. Transducer; 5. Control box; 6. Connecting wires; 7. Battery; 8. Solar panel; 9. Cooling fan; 10. Rear cover; 11. Heat sink; 12. Support base; 13. Moving roller; 14. Support column; 15. Limit sleeve; 16. Connecting plate; 17. Adjusting slider; 18. Adjusting threaded rod; 19. Turning handle; 20. Support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-6 , this embodiment is a vibration interference device for piercing and sucking pests, including an upper fixed plate 1 and a lower fixed plate 2 in an arc-shaped structure, a vibration interferer 3 is fixedly installed between the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 2 (the number of interferers is not limited to 6, 6 covers 180 degrees, and emits sound waves inward. If the field is rectangular, if the directional speaker is at the edge, 6 interferers can be selected, and if the directional speaker is in the corner, 3 interferers can be selected, covering 90 degrees), and a transducer 4 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the vibration interferer 3, and the transducer 4 is a circular piston transducer. A control box 5 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate 2, and the control box 5 is connected to the vibration interferer 3 by a connecting wire 6; a support base 12 for supporting the entire device is provided under the lower fixed plate 2, and a movable roller 13 is rotatably installed on the side of the support base 12, and the support base 12 is connected to the lower fixed plate 2, an adjustment mechanism is set on the outside of the support column 14, a battery 7 for powering the control box 5 is fixedly installed above the control box 5, and the battery 7 is connected to the solar panel 8, and the solar panel 8 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the upper fixed plate 1, a cooling fan 9 is installed on the side of the control box 5, and a cooling air duct is formed between the cooling fan 9 and the heat dissipation groove 11 opened inside the rear cover 10, the adjustment mechanism includes a limiting sleeve 15 slidably installed on the outside of the support column 14, and the limiting sleeve 15 is fixedly installed with the adjusting slider 17 through the connecting plate 16 installed on the outside thereof, and the adjusting slider 17 is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate 2 through the support plate 20 installed on the outside thereof, an adjusting threaded rod 18 is rotatably installed on the upper surface of the support column 14, and the adjusting threaded rod 18 is threadedly connected to the adjusting slider 17, and a rotating handle 19 is coaxially fixedly installed on the top of the adjusting threaded rod 18.

[0050] When using the device, first use the moving roller 13 to push the device to the specified position in the field, then rotate the adjusting threaded rod 18 by turning the handle 19. During the rotation of the adjusting threaded rod 18, the adjusting slider 17 installed with a thread through the outside thereof is driven to move up and down (in this process, the limiting sleeve 15 slides outside the support column 14, and the limiting sleeve 15 limits the rotation of the adjusting slider 17, so that the adjusting slider 17 can slide up and down sequentially). During the up and down movement of the adjusting slider 17, the overall height of the device is adjusted through the connecting plate 16. Then, the device is powered on (in daily use, the solar panel 8 converts sunlight into electricity). Energy can be stored in the battery 7), at this time, the transducer 4 on the outer surface of the vibration jammer 3 vibrates and emits an ultrasonic signal, thereby achieving the purpose of interfering with the behavior of pests (the interference signal played by the omnidirectional speaker inside the field is severely attenuated when it is transmitted to the edge of the field, and the vibration jammer 3 plays the interference signal in a directionally direction from the edge of the field to the inside or the blind spot area, compensating for the interference signal after the intensity attenuation, and constructing an effective sound field of the target pest interference signal covering the entire field without causing noise pollution to the surrounding area of ​​the field). During the use of the device, the cooling fan 9 on the side of the control box 5 is turned on, and the heat dissipation slot 11 opened in the rear cover 10 is used to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation of the entire device.

[0051] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 7-13 In this embodiment, a vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests is provided. The theoretical basis for signal processing in an ultrasonic sound directional propagation system is the KZK equation and its analytical solution. The KZK equation is used to simulate and verify the nonlinear sound field of a directional loudspeaker. The KZK equation is expressed as follows:

[0052]

[0053] Where: z is the propagation distance of the sound wave along the axis of the sound beam, p is the sound pressure, c is the sound speed, τ is the delay time, δ is the sound scattering degree, β is the nonlinear coefficient, and ρ is the air density. The KZK equation is used to model the sound field in parametric acoustics. The resulting parametric array theoretical model is more accurate than the Westervelt equation and the "Berktay far-field solution", which is a huge improvement for audio directional signal processing.

[0054] In the ultrasonic audio directional propagation system, the circular piston transducer directly emits sound waves, and the directivity function of the circular piston transducer is:

[0055]

[0056] The directivity expression of sound waves emitted directly by a circular piston transducer. When the wavelength of the emitted audible sound is constant, the directivity of the sound field is determined by the radius of the transducer's effective vibration surface. The figure below shows the directivity diagram of a single transducer with a point sound source and radii R = 50mm and 200mm when the emitted sound wave frequency is f = 3kHz. It can be seen that the sound field of the point sound source is the same at different deflection angles, indicating that the point sound source sound field has no directivity. However, a transducer with a certain vibration area has obvious directivity, and the larger the vibration area, the more obvious the directivity. On the other hand, once the transducer's vibration area is determined, the directivity of its radiated sound field is determined by the wavelength of the emitted sound wave. The directivity diagrams for the effective vibration surface radius of the transducer and the sound frequencies of 1kHz, 4kHz, and 8kHz show that once the transducer is determined, its directivity becomes more obvious as the sound frequency increases.

[0057] Based on the DSB method and drawing on the development principles of the square root method, an improved amplitude modulation (AM) method is proposed to reduce the acoustic distortion of the DSB method and provide an achievable finite signal bandwidth. This solves the problem of high distortion in the DSB method and the infinite bandwidth required by the square root method. Considering the large second harmonic component in the DSB method, the properties of trigonometric functions are used to perform the square operation in the Berktay far-field solution to reduce this harmonic component.

[0058] When the carrier frequency is 25kHz, the highest frequency of the bionic interference signal is 2kHz. Therefore, the signal frequency band requirement of this improved AM method is 21-29kHz, which is completely achievable using an actual physical system.

[0059] The output of the improved AM modulation method is:

[0060]

[0061] Where:

[0062]

[0063] Taking f(t)=sinωt, we can get:

[0064]

[0065] The first item in the brackets is the input audible sound, which is the useful signal, and the second and third items are harmonic distortion.

[0066] Compared to DSB and SSB modulation, the improved AM modulation algorithm significantly reduces harmonic distortion. However, at large modulation coefficients, AM modulation still exhibits significant harmonic distortion. Considering the output power of parametric array loudspeakers, a large modulation coefficient is generally used. In this case, further preprocessing of the input signal is required.

[0067] The ultrasonic audio directional propagation system also includes a control processing circuit, a data communication circuit, a power supply circuit, a watchdog circuit, a U disk interface circuit, a serial port signal circuit, a storage circuit and a power amplifier circuit;

[0068] The control processing circuit adopts the domestic processing chip GD32F470ZIT6, which has floating point operation function, low

[0069] Interrupt delay time and low-cost debugging features, high integration and enhanced features make this chip suitable for market segments that require high-performance and low-power microcontrollers;

[0070] The data communication circuit uses the EC04-DGC4GMQTT communication module, which supports the Cat1 network of the three major operators and has the joint positioning function of GPS / Beidou;

[0071] The watchdog circuit automatically restores the system to normal operation without human intervention in the event of a system crash caused by potential program errors or harsh environmental interference. The P706 watchdog circuit monitors the power supply voltage and provides a power-on reset signal. If the VP706 is not fed within 1.6 seconds, it outputs a reset signal to restart the system. This reset can also be achieved by manually resetting the SW1 key. In addition, the VP706 provides an internal 1.25V threshold power failure detector for monitoring the external input power supply voltage. When the external power supply fails, it can promptly provide a power failure detection signal to the control processing chip GD32F470ZIT6, allowing it to quickly save important parameters and data during system operation.

[0072] The USB interface circuit uses the host mode of the USB full-speed interface of the GD32F470ZIT6 processing chip; the driver chip CH340N used in the serial communication circuit is a USB bus adapter chip that realizes USB to serial port conversion;

[0073] The storage circuit includes SDRAM and SDNAND, where SDRAM is synchronous dynamic random access memory and SDNAND is an extension of the memory card.

[0074] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests, comprising an upper fixing plate (1) in an arc-shaped structure, a lower fixing plate (2), and an ultrasonic sound frequency directional system; the ultrasonic sound frequency directional system comprises an ultrasonic sound frequency directional propagation system and an interference signal preprocessing algorithm, characterized in that: A vibration disruptor (3) is fixedly mounted between the upper fixed plate (1) and the lower fixed plate (2), an omnidirectional player is mounted inside the vibration disruptor (3), a transducer (4) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the vibration disruptor (3), the transducer (4) is a circular piston transducer, a control box (5) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate (2), and the control box (5) is connected to the vibration disruptor (3) by means of a connecting wire (6); A support base (12) for supporting the entire device is provided below the lower fixed plate (2), and a movable roller (13) is rotatably mounted on the side of the support base (12), and a support column (14) is provided between the support base (12) and the lower fixed plate (2), and an adjustment mechanism is provided on the outside of the support column (14); The theoretical basis for signal processing of the ultrasonic sound frequency directional propagation system is the KZK equation and its analytical solution; The modulated ultrasonic signal is emitted through the vibration of the transducer (4), and the ultrasonic wave self-demodulates in the air to produce a highly directional interference signal, which is accurately transmitted to the edge of the field.

2. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: A battery (7) for supplying power to the control box (5) is fixedly mounted above the control box (5), and the battery (7) is connected to a solar panel (8), and the solar panel (8) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the upper fixed plate (1).

3. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cooling fan (9) is installed on the side of the control box (5), and a cooling air duct is formed between the cooling fan (9) and a cooling slot (11) opened inside the rear cover (10).

4. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism comprises a limiting sleeve (15) slidably mounted on the outside of the support column (14), and the limiting sleeve (15) is fixedly mounted to the adjustment slider (17) via a connecting plate (16) mounted on the outside thereof, and the adjustment slider (17) is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate (2) via a support plate (20) mounted on the outside thereof.

5. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 4, characterized in that: An adjusting threaded rod (18) is rotatably mounted on the upper surface of the support column (14), and the adjusting threaded rod (18) is threadedly connected to the adjusting slider (17), and a rotating handle (19) is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top end of the adjusting threaded rod (18).

6. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The KZK equation is used to simulate and verify the nonlinear sound field of a directional loudspeaker. The KZK equation is expressed as follows: ； Where: z is the propagation distance of the sound wave along the axis of the sound beam, p is the sound pressure, c is the speed of sound, τ is the delay time, δ is the sound scattering degree, β is the nonlinear coefficient, and ρ is the air density.

7. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the ultrasonic audio directional propagation system, the circular piston transducer directly emits sound waves, wherein the directivity function of the circular piston transducer is: ； The directivity of the circular piston transducer is related to the radius of the effective vibration surface.

8. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 6, characterized in that: The interference signal preprocessing algorithm adopts an improved AM modulation method, which is based on the DSB method and draws on the development principle of the square root method to reduce the sound distortion of the DSB method.

9. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output of the improved AM modulation method is: 。 10. The vibration interference device for piercing-sucking pests according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ultrasonic audio directional propagation system also includes a control processing circuit, a data communication circuit, a power supply circuit, a watchdog circuit, a U disk interface circuit, a serial port signal circuit, a storage circuit and a power amplifier circuit; The control processing circuit adopts the domestic processing chip GD32F470ZIT6; The data communication circuit uses the EC04-DGC4GMQTT communication module, which supports the Cat1 network of the three major operators and has a joint positioning function of GPS / Beidou; The watchdog circuit automatically restores the system to normal working state without human intervention when some potential program errors or adverse environmental interference factors cause the system to freeze; The USB disk interface circuit uses the host mode of the USB full-speed interface of the GD32F470ZIT6 processing chip; The driver chip CH340N used in the serial port signal circuit is a USB bus adapter chip that realizes USB to serial port conversion; The storage circuit includes SDRAM and SDNAND, wherein SDRAM is synchronous dynamic random access memory and SDNAND is an extension of a memory card.

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