Integrated high-energy particle detector for magnetic confinement fusion device

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, which mainly comprises a cross collimator and a scintillator plate, the cross collimator is provided with a front collimation hole, a rear collimation hole, an upper collimation hole and a lower collimation hole, the upper collimation hole, the lower collimation hole, the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole are arranged in a cross manner, and the top of the upper collimation hole is provided with an electronic stripping film. Ions with different energies and throwing angles pass through the front and rear collimation holes, so as to hit different coordinates on the scintillator to emit scintillation light; the high-energy neutral particles which are not electrified sequentially pass through the lower collimation hole and the upper collimation hole in a straight line, then pass through the electron stripping film, are stripped with electrons and become ions, and then do Ramor cyclotron motion in a magnetic field and strike the scintillator to emit scintillation light. The integrated high-energy particle detector can detect high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles in the magnetic confinement fusion device at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of magnetic confinement fusion plasma diagnostics, and specifically to an integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Art

[0002] In current magnetic confinement fusion experiments, plasma is mainly heated by means such as neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron heating. The high-energy particles generated by the auxiliary heating system are crucial for the heating efficiency and fusion reaction rate. Therefore, the study of the interaction between high-energy particles and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the plasma is of great significance. Currently, fast ion loss detectors are mainly used to obtain information such as the energy and pitch angle of lost fast ions.

[0003] For the design of fast ion loss detectors, the common practice on current major magnetic confinement fusion devices is to use a set of collimators and a scintillator. The collimator consists of two parts, namely two slits. The orbits of lost fast ions are collimated by the two slits of the collimator and then strike a certain area on the scintillator. Since ions with different energies and pitch angles hit different positions, experimenters can read the energy and pitch angle of the lost ions based on the positions where fluorescence is emitted on the scintillator sheet, and then invert the motion orbits of the lost ions to help study the loss mechanism of high-energy ions.

[0004] Currently, in the prior art, the problems existing in fast ion loss detectors are as follows:

[0005] Fast ion loss detectors can only detect high-energy charged ions lost from the plasma. Since there are a certain amount of un-ionized neutral particles in the plasma, after high-energy ions collide with the un-ionized neutral particles, they will capture electrons and become high-energy neutral particles. Therefore, these high-energy neutral particles also contain information about magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the plasma. Only detecting ions cannot completely obtain the information of high-energy particles and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the plasma. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator, a scintillator plate, a main body bracket, a collimator fixing plate, a back plate, a graphite protective shell, and a detector fixing cylinder;

[0008] The front and rear opposite surfaces of the cross collimator are provided with a front collimation hole and a rear collimation hole, the top of the cross collimator is provided with an upper collimation hole, the bottom of the cross collimator is provided with a lower collimation hole, the upper and lower collimation holes and the front and rear collimation holes are arranged in a cross pattern, an electron stripping film is installed at the top of the upper collimation hole, an ion energy upper limit restricting plate is installed inside the cross collimator, a neutral particle energy lower limit restricting plate is installed at the top of the cross collimator, and a collimator mounting hole is provided on the cross collimator;

[0009] The height of the ion energy upper limit restricting plate on the z-axis is higher than that of the front and rear collimation holes, and its height can be set according to the experimental situation. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the upper limit of the energy of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator. The upper limit of the energy of ions at different pitching angles can also be finely restricted by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit restricting plate in the y-z plane.

[0010] The height of the neutral particle energy lower limit restricting plate can be set according to the experimental situation. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the lower limit of the energy of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator. The upper limit of the energy of neutral particles at different pitching angles can also be finely restricted by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit restricting plate in the y-z plane.

[0011] The rear collimation hole is in a strip shape. By restricting the extension length of the rear collimation hole on the y-axis, the detection range of the pitching angle of high-energy ions by the integrated high-energy particle detector is restricted, so as to ensure that the hitting point of the high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and does not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

[0012] The rear end of the detector fixing cylinder is provided with a fastening thread for connecting the rear-end image transmission optical path and having the function of rotating and adjusting the installation angle of the detector.

[0013] One inner wall of the main body bracket is provided with a scintillator plate installation groove, the top of the main body bracket is provided with a collimator installation groove, a scintillator plate is inserted into the scintillator plate installation groove, and a back plate is installed at the bottom of the main body bracket through bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the collimator fixing plate is installed on the top of the main body bracket by screws, a collimator fixing groove is provided at the top of the collimator fixing plate, a groove plate is installed on the edge of the collimator fixing groove, a collimator fixing hole is provided on the groove plate, and the upper and lower parts of the cross collimator are fixed to the collimator fixing hole by bolts in cooperation with the collimator mounting hole to ensure that the cross collimator is located inside the collimator installation groove and the collimator fixing groove.

[0015] Preferably, an ion incident groove is formed at the top of the graphite protective shell, a neutral particle incident groove is formed at the front end of the graphite protective shell, and the main body bracket is located inside the graphite protective shell.

[0016] Preferably, the detection position of the integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region of the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The integrated high-energy particle detector of the present invention adds two upper and lower collimation holes on the basis of the double-hole collimator of the fast ion loss detector, and the front and rear collimation holes and the upper and lower collimation holes are arranged in a crosswise pattern. High-energy ions pass through the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole in sequence, and then strike the scintillator plate to emit scintillation light. Ions with different energies can strike at different x coordinates on the scintillator. The rear collimation hole is in a strip shape, so ions with different pitch angles (the angle between the ion velocity vector and the magnetic field vector) can pass through different positions of the rear collimation hole, thus striking at different y coordinates on the scintillator; for high-energy neutral particles that are not charged themselves, they move in a straight line in the magnetic confinement fusion device, pass through the lower collimation hole and the upper collimation hole in sequence, and then pass through the electron stripping film to be stripped of electrons and become ions, and then perform Larmor gyration in the magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device and strike the scintillator to emit scintillation light. Similar to the case of high-energy ions, their energy and pitch angle determine their striking positions in the x and y axis directions of the scintillator plate. Therefore, the integrated high-energy particle detector of the present invention can simultaneously detect high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles in the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0019] 2. To avoid the overlap of the high-energy ion energy detection upper limit region and the high-energy neutral particle energy detection lower limit region, the integrated high-energy particle detector of the present invention adopts an ion energy upper limit limiting plate installed inside the cross collimator. For high-energy ions, the higher their energy, the smaller the z coordinate region where their orbits inside the cross collimator pass through. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate, the energy upper limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator can be effectively limited, and the energy upper limit of ions at different pitch angles can be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in the y-z plane;

[0020] At the same time, a lower limit limiting plate for the energy of neutral particles is installed on the upper part of the cross collimator. For the high-energy neutral particles after the electrons are stripped, the lower their energy, the smaller the cyclotron radius, and the easier it is to be intercepted by the lower limit limiting plate for the energy of neutral particles. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the lower limit limiting plate for the energy of neutral particles, the lower limit of the energy of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator can be effectively limited. The upper limit of the energy of neutral particles at different pitch angles can also be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the lower limit limiting plate for the energy of neutral particles in the y-z plane;

[0021] Therefore, by setting the height and slope of the two limiting plates, the upper limit of the energy detection of high-energy ions can be limited, ensuring that the hitting point of the high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the x-axis direction and does not exceed the high-energy ion detection area; at the same time, the lower limit of the energy detection of high-energy neutral particles can be limited, ensuring that the hitting point of the high-energy neutral particles on the scintillator plate is in the region with a larger coordinate value in the x-axis direction and does not fall into the high-energy ion detection area.

[0022] 3. For high-energy ions, the more the pitch angle deviates from 90°, the larger the y-coordinate value of the hitting point on the scintillator plate. To prevent high-energy ions with a pitch angle deviating from 90° from falling into the high-energy neutral particle detection area, the integrated high-energy particle detector of the present invention uses a rear collimation hole with a limited length. By limiting the extension length of the rear collimation hole on the y-axis, the pitch angle detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions is limited, so as to ensure that the hitting point of the high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and does not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

[0023] 4. For the situation where high-energy neutral particles pass through the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole in sequence and then hit the scintillator plate to generate scintillation light interference, the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in the present invention must be higher than the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole in height on the z-axis to achieve the function of limiting the upper limit of the energy detection of high-energy ions. Therefore, high-energy neutral particles cannot pass through the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole in a straight line, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0024] 5. For the situation where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimation hole and the upper collimation hole in sequence and then undergo Larmor cyclotron motion and hit the scintillator plate to generate scintillation light interference, the thickness of the lower collimation hole and the upper collimation hole in the z-axis direction is much larger than the thickness of the front collimation hole and the rear collimation hole in the x-axis direction. Therefore, the collimation effect of the upper and lower collimation holes is much stronger than that of the front and rear collimation holes. It is extremely difficult for high-energy ions undergoing Larmor cyclotron motion to pass through the upper and lower collimation holes. The higher the energy of the high-energy ions, the higher the passing rate through the upper and lower collimation holes. However, the limited size of the scintillator plate determines that the hitting points of high-energy ions with too high energy entering the detector through this method will far exceed the scintillator range, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0025] 6. For the case where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimator hole and the rear collimator hole successively, and then generate scintillation light interference after undergoing Larmor gyration and hitting the scintillator plate. Since the height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in the z-axis direction is higher than that of the rear collimator hole, the ion orbit entering the detector in this way, from passing through the lower collimator hole to passing through the rear collimator hole, needs to have a central angle greater than 180° in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector. Also, because the distance between the rear collimator hole and the lower collimator hole is less than its distance from the front collimator hole, the ion gyroradius (energy) entering the detector in this way is smaller than that of the ions entering the detector through the normal way. However, it is extremely difficult for ions with a small gyroradius (energy) to pass through the lower collimator hole with a strong collimation effect. Therefore, high-energy ions can hardly enter the detector in this way, thus avoiding this interference signal. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 Side view of the schematic diagram of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0027] Figure 2 Top view of the schematic diagram of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0028] Figure 3 Oblique view of the design drawing of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0029] Figure 4 Front view of the design drawing of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0030] Figure 5 Bottom view of the design drawing of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0031] Figure 6 Exploded view of the design drawing of the integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0032] Figure 7 Oblique view of the design drawing of the main body bracket;

[0033] Figure 8 Oblique view of the design drawing of the collimator fixing plate;

[0034] Figure 9 Oblique view of the design drawing of the lower part of the collimator;

[0035] Figure 10 Top view of the design drawing of the lower part of the collimator;

[0036] Figure 11 Front view of the design drawing of the lower part of the collimator;

[0037] Figure 12 Side view of the design drawing of the lower part of the collimator;

[0038] Figure 13 Oblique view of the design drawing of the upper part of the collimator;

[0039] Figure 14 Top view of the upper part design drawing of the collimator;

[0040] Figure 15 Front view of the upper part design drawing of the collimator;

[0041] Figure 16 Bottom view of the upper part design drawing of the collimator;

[0042] Figure 17 Top view cross-section of the installation position drawing of the integrated high-energy particle detector.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Cross collimator; 1(1). Front collimation hole; 1(2). Rear collimation hole; 1(3). Lower collimation hole; 1(4). Upper collimation hole; 1(5). Electron stripping film; 1(6). Ion energy upper limit limiting plate; 1(7). Neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate; 1(8). Collimator installation hole; 2. Scintillator plate; 2(1). High-energy ion detection area; 2(2). High-energy neutral particle detection area; 3. Main body bracket; 3(1). Scintillator plate installation groove; 3(2). Collimator installation groove; 4. Collimator fixing plate; 4(1). Collimator fixing groove; 4(2). Collimator fixing hole; 5. Back plate; 6. Graphite protective shell; 6(1). Ion incident slot; 6(2). Neutral particle incident slot; 7. Detector fixing cylinder; 7(1). Detector fixing cylinder thread; 8. Rear-end image transfer optical path; 9. Magnetic confinement fusion device; 10. Plasma region; 11. Schematic diagram of high-energy ion detection orbit; 12. Schematic diagram of high-energy neutral particle detection orbit. Specific implementation manner

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1-17 , the present invention provides a technical solution: An integrated high-energy particle detector capable of simultaneously detecting high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles in a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator 1, a scintillator plate 2, a main body bracket 3, a collimator fixing plate 4, a back plate 5, a graphite protective shell 6 and a detector fixing cylinder 7;

[0046] Specifically, before the experiment, the integrated high-energy particle detector needs to be assembled in a laboratory environment. First, the scintillator plate 2 is installed into the scintillator plate installation groove 3(1) of the main body bracket 3. The sizes of the scintillator plate 2 and the scintillator plate installation groove 3(1) match each other. Therefore, after the scintillator plate 2 is installed, it can be completely fixed, avoiding the phenomenon of falling off. The base of the scintillator plate 2 is made of metal material, with a thickness generally above 0.5 mm and relatively high mechanical strength. Therefore, there will be no deformation phenomenon. The surface is coated with a scintillator material, and scintillation light will be emitted after being hit by high-energy particles. Secondly, the back plate 5 is fixed to the rear of the main body bracket 3 by bolts, thus preventing the scintillator plate 2 from slipping out of the scintillator plate installation groove 3(1). Subsequently, the upper and lower parts of the cross collimator 1 are respectively fixed to the collimator fixing groove 4(1) of the collimator fixing plate 4 by bolts. Then, the collimator fixing plate 4 is installed at the front of the main body bracket 3, and the cross collimator 1 is correspondingly installed into the collimator installation groove 3(2) and fixed by bolts. Then, the detector is sleeved into the graphite protective shell 6, and its ion incident groove 6(1) and neutral particle incident groove 6(2) are respectively corresponding to the front collimation hole 1(1) and the lower collimation hole 1(3). Finally, the detector and the detector fixing cylinder 7 are fixed by bolts;

[0047] Specifically, the integrated high-energy particle detector is fixed to the rear-end image transfer optical path 8 through the detector fixing cylinder thread 7(1), and the spin angle of the detector can be rotated and adjusted according to actual detection needs. As Figure 17 shown, when an experiment is carried out in the magnetic confinement fusion device 9, a strong toroidal magnetic field will be generated inside it, which is used to confine charged particles within the safe plasma region 10. The detection position of the integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region 10;

[0048] Specifically, the high-energy ion detection orbit schematic diagram 11 shows the Larmor gyration orbit of high-energy ions with a certain specific energy and pitch angle lost from the plasma region 10. As Figure 1 shown, it shows the high-energy ion orbit 11(a) with a gyration radius of 10 cm, the high-energy ion orbit 11(b) with a gyration radius of 15 cm, and the high-energy ion orbit 11(c) with a gyration radius of 20 cm;

[0049] If the energy and pitch angle of the ions are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions, then they pass through the cross collimator 1 and finally hit the high-energy ion detection area 2(1) of the scintillator plate 2, and the generated scintillation light image is transmitted to the image acquisition device at the rear end through the rear-end image transfer optical path 8;

[0050] Specifically, the high-energy neutral particle detection orbit schematic diagram 12 shows several neutral particle lines of sight observed by the integrated high-energy particle detector. As Figure 1As shown, the high-energy neutral particle orbits with a gyroradius of 10 cm, 12(a), the high-energy neutral particle orbits with a gyroradius of 15 cm, 12(b), and the high-energy neutral particle orbits with a gyroradius of 20 cm, 12(c) are presented;

[0051] If the motion direction and energy of the neutral particles are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy neutral particles, they pass through the cross collimator 1 and finally strike the high-energy neutral particle detection area 2(2) of the scintillator plate 2, and the scintillation light image generated is transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transmission optical path 8;

[0052] Specifically, the image acquisition device then obtains the energy and pitch angle of the corresponding high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles through the simulation calculation program, and analyzes and studies their sources and physical processes from the plasma region 10.

[0053] It should be emphasized that, as Figure 1 shown, two upper and lower collimation holes (1(4), 1(3)) are added to the integrated high-energy particle detector on the basis of the double-hole collimator of the fast ion loss detector, and the two front and rear collimation holes (1(1), 1(2)) and the two upper and lower collimation holes (1(4), 1(3)) are arranged in a cross shape. The front and rear collimation holes (1(1), 1(2)) are arranged along the x-axis, the upper and lower collimation holes (1(4), 1(3)) are arranged along the z-axis, and the scintillator plate 2 is parallel to the x-y plane;

[0054] High-energy ions perform Larmor gyration in the magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device, pass through the front and rear collimation holes (1(1), 1(2)) successively, and then strike the scintillator plate 2 to emit scintillation light. Ions with different energies and pitch angles can strike at different x and y coordinates on the scintillator.

[0055] It should be emphasized that, as Figure 1 shown, an electron stripping film 1(5) is installed at the top of the upper collimation hole 1(4). High-energy neutral particles are not charged themselves, so they move in a straight line in the magnetic confinement fusion device 9. They pass through the lower collimation hole 1(3) and the upper collimation hole 1(4) in a straight line successively, and then pass through the electron stripping film 1(5) to be stripped of electrons and become ions. Then they perform Larmor gyration in the magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device 9 and strike the scintillator 2 to emit scintillation light. Similar to the case of high-energy ions, their energy and pitch angle determine their striking positions in the x and y axis directions of the scintillator plate.

[0056] It should be emphasized that, as Figure 1As shown, for high-energy ions, from passing through the front collimation hole 1(1) to hitting the scintillator plate 2, the central angle swept in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector generally does not exceed 90°. For high-energy neutral particles, from passing through the upper collimation hole 1(4) and being stripped of electrons to hitting the scintillator plate 2, the central angle swept in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector must exceed 180°;

[0057] Therefore, for high-energy ions and neutral particles with the same energy, their hitting positions on the scintillator plate 2 in the x-axis direction are different. The hitting position of high-energy ions is at a smaller x-coordinate, and the hitting position of high-energy neutral particles is at a larger x-coordinate;

[0058] Therefore, the integrated high-energy particle detector can have a similar energy detection range for high-energy ions and neutral particles, and the two can avoid overlapping interference.

[0059] It should be emphasized that to avoid the overlap between the upper energy detection limit region of high-energy ions and the lower energy detection limit region of high-energy neutral particles, the integrated high-energy particle detector proposed by the present invention is provided with an ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6) inside the cross collimator 1 and a neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1(7) on the top of the cross collimator 1;

[0060] As Figure 1 shown, the ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6) is installed inside the cross collimator 1. For high-energy ions, the higher their energy, the smaller the z-coordinate region that the orbit inside the cross collimator 1 passes through. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6), the upper energy limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator 1 can be effectively limited. Also, by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6) in the y-z plane, the upper energy limit of ions at different pitch angles can be finely limited;

[0061] As Figure 1 shown, the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1(7) is installed on the upper part of the cross collimator 1. For high-energy neutral particles after being stripped of electrons, the lower their energy, the smaller the gyroradius, and the easier they are to be intercepted by the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1(7). Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1(7), the lower energy limit of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator 1 can be effectively limited. Also, by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1(7) in the y-z plane, the upper energy limit of neutral particles at different pitch angles can be finely limited;

[0062] Therefore, by setting the heights and slopes of the two limiting plates, the upper limit of the energy detection of high-energy ions can be restricted, ensuring that the impact points of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate 2 are in the region with smaller coordinate values in the x-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area. At the same time, the lower limit of the energy detection of high-energy neutral particles can be restricted, ensuring that the impact points of high-energy neutral particles on the scintillator plate 2 are in the region with larger coordinate values in the x-axis direction and will not fall into the high-energy ion detection area.

[0063] It should be emphasized that ions with different pitch angles (the angle between the ion velocity vector and the magnetic field vector) can pass through different positions of the rear collimating hole 1(2), thereby hitting different y-coordinates on the scintillator. For high-energy ions, the greater the deviation of the pitch angle from 90°, the greater the y-coordinate value of the impact point on the scintillator plate. To prevent high-energy ions with a pitch angle deviating from 90° from falling into the high-energy neutral particle detection area, the integrated high-energy particle detector proposed in the present invention uses a rear collimating hole 1(2) with a limited length, as Figure 2 shown. By restricting the extension length of the rear collimating hole 1(2) on the y-axis, the pitch angle detection range of high-energy ions by the integrated high-energy particle detector is restricted, thereby ensuring that the impact points of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate 2 are in the region with smaller coordinate values in the y-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

[0064] It should be emphasized that for the case where high-energy neutral particles pass through the front and rear collimating holes (1(1), 1(2)) successively and then hit the scintillator plate 2 to generate scintillation light interference, as Figure 1 shown. The ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6) in the present invention, to achieve the function of restricting the upper limit of the energy detection of high-energy ions, must have a height on the z-axis higher than that of the front and rear collimating holes (1(1), 1(2)). Therefore, high-energy neutral particles cannot pass through the front collimating hole 1(1) and the rear collimating hole 1(2) in a straight line, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0065] It should be emphasized that for the case where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimating hole 1(3) and the upper collimating hole 1(4) successively and then generate scintillation light interference after undergoing Larmor gyration and hitting the scintillator plate 2, as Figure 1 shown. The thickness of the lower collimating hole 1(3) and the upper collimating hole 1(4) in the z-axis direction is much greater than the thickness of the front collimating hole 1(1) and the rear collimating hole 1(2) in the x-axis direction. Therefore, the collimation effect of the upper and lower collimating holes is much stronger than that of the front and rear collimating holes. It is extremely difficult for high-energy ions undergoing Larmor gyration to pass through the upper and lower collimating holes. The higher the energy of the high-energy ions, the higher the passing rate through the upper and lower collimating holes. However, the limited size of the scintillator plate 2 determines that the landing points of high-energy ions with too high energy entering the detector through this method will far exceed the scintillator range, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0066] It should be emphasized that for the case where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimation hole 1(3) and the rear collimation hole 1(2) successively, and then generate scintillation light interference after undergoing Larmor gyration and hitting the scintillator plate 2, as Figure 1 shown, due to the fact that the height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1(6) in the z-axis direction is higher than that of the rear collimation hole 1(2), the central angle swept by the ion orbit entering the detector in this way in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector needs to be greater than 180° from passing through the lower collimation hole 1(3) to passing through the rear collimation hole 1(2). Also, because the distance between the rear collimation hole 1(2) and the lower collimation hole 1(3) is less than its distance from the front collimation hole 1(1), the cyclotron radius (energy) of the ions entering the detector in this way is smaller than that of the ions entering the detector through the normal way. However, it is extremely difficult for ions with a small cyclotron radius (energy) to pass through the lower collimation hole 1(3) with a strong collimation effect. Therefore, high-energy ions can hardly enter the detector in this way, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0067] Furthermore, in an actual experimental scenario, high-energy ions and neutral particles with various energies and pitch angles can be simultaneously detected by an integrated high-energy particle detector. Several scintillation bright spots may simultaneously appear at different coordinate positions on the scintillator plate 2, and their optical signals are transmitted to the image acquisition device at the rear end through the same set of rear-end image transfer optical paths 8. Since the detection ranges of high-energy ions and neutral particles in the integrated high-energy particle detector are strictly limited and do not overlap, researchers can adopt corresponding research and analysis algorithms for the bright spots in the two detection regions, thereby realizing the simultaneous detection and analysis of high-energy ions and neutral particles using one integrated high-energy particle detector.

[0068] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator, a scintillator plate, a main body bracket, a collimator fixing plate, a back plate, a graphite protective shell and a detector fixing cylinder, characterized in that: The front and rear opposite surfaces of the cross collimator are provided with a front collimation hole and a rear collimation hole, the top of the cross collimator is provided with an upper collimation hole, the bottom of the cross collimator is provided with a lower collimation hole, the upper and lower collimation holes and the front and rear collimation holes are arranged in a cross pattern, an electron stripping film is installed at the top of the upper collimation hole, an ion energy upper limit limiting plate is installed inside the cross collimator, a neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate is installed at the top of the cross collimator, and a collimator mounting hole is opened on the cross collimator.

2. The ion energy upper limit limiting plate according to claim 1, wherein: The height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate on the z-axis is higher than that of the front and rear collimation holes, and its height can be set according to the experimental situation. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the upper limit of the energy of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator. The upper limit of the ion energy at different pitch angles can also be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in the y-z plane.

3. The lower limit restricting plate for neutral particle energy according to claim 1, wherein The height of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate can be set according to the experimental situation. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the lower limit of the energy of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator. The upper limit of the neutral particle energy at different pitch angles can also be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate in the y-z plane.

4. The post-collimation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear collimation hole is strip-shaped. By restricting the extension length of the rear collimation hole on the y-axis, the pitch angle detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions is restricted, so as to ensure that the impact point of the high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is located in the area with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and does not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

5. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: By setting the sizes of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate, the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate and the rear collimation hole, the scintillator is divided into a high-energy ion detection area and a high-energy neutral particle detection area, and the two do not overlap with each other, avoiding mutual influence.

6. The upper and lower collimation holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the upper and lower collimation holes in the z-axis direction is greater than the thickness of the front and rear collimation holes in the x-axis direction, so as to prevent high-energy ions performing Larmor gyration from entering the detector through the upper and lower collimation holes and generating interference signals.

7. The graphite protective case according to claim 1, wherein: An ion incident groove is opened at its top, and a neutral particle incident groove is opened at the front end. The main body bracket is located in the inner cavity of the graphite protective shell.

8. The detector fixing cylinder according to claim 1, wherein: A fastening thread is provided at its rear end for connecting the rear image transmission optical path and having the function of rotating and adjusting the installation angle of the detector.

9. The scintillator plate according to claim 1, wherein: The base of the scintillator plate is made of a metal material, and a scintillator material is coated on the surface.

10. The integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, wherein: When the magnetic confinement fusion device conducts an experiment, a strong toroidal magnetic field will be generated inside it to confine charged particles inside the safe plasma region. The detection position of the integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region.

11. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the energy and pitch angle of an ion are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions, the high-energy ions will pass through the cross collimator and finally strike the high-energy ion detection area of the scintillator plate, and the generated scintillation light image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transfer optical path.

12. The integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the motion direction and energy of a neutral particle are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy neutral particles, the high-energy neutral particles will pass through the cross collimator and finally strike the high-energy neutral particle detection area of the scintillator plate, and the generated scintillation light image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transfer optical path.

13. The integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, wherein: The image acquisition device can obtain the energy and pitch angle of the corresponding high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles according to the coordinates where the scintillation light appears on the scintillator through the simulation calculation program, and analyze and study their sources and physical processes from the plasma region.

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