Displacement amplification type variable-stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of damping energy dissipation and vibration attenuation, and provides a displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper which comprises a composite energy dissipater, a first rotating rod and a second rotating rod are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the composite energy dissipater, and a liquid damper is fixedly connected to the side face of the composite energy dissipater. The first rotating rod and the second rotating rod are hinged to building structures on the two sides through connecting rods. A friction energy dissipation system and an SMA energy dissipation system are integrated in the composite energy dissipater, the liquid damper is welded to a cavity cam of the composite energy dissipater through a transmission rod, and the liquid damper is hinged and fixed to the second support. Through combination of multiple mechanisms of the liquid damper, the friction energy dissipation system, the SMA energy dissipation system and the second-stage displacement amplification system, effective vibration reduction and energy dissipation in a wide earthquake input range are achieved, and the energy dissipation performance and the self-resetting capacity are remarkably improved. The method is suitable for various structural engineering fields requiring high-efficiency seismic resistance, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building structure vibration reduction control, and in particular relates to a displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy-absorbing damper. Background Art

[0002] Investigations and analyses of earthquake damage indicate that direct economic losses and casualties are primarily caused by structural collapse and damage to buildings. During earthquakes, buildings with dampers dissipate the seismic energy through concentrated means, reducing the main structure's seismic response and preventing damage or collapse, thereby achieving the desired shock absorption effect.

[0003] Since my country's current standards have certain restrictions on the inter-story deformation (or inter-story displacement angle) of building structures, the deformation capacity of the damper under the action of medium and small earthquakes is far greater than the deformation demand, resulting in a waste of dampers; using the deformation amplification system in conjunction with the damper, on the one hand, can make the damper exhibit a larger deformation response when the structure is in a small vibration, significantly increase the energy consumption and additional damping of the damper, and improve the vibration control efficiency of the structure; on the other hand, it can fully utilize the damper capacity and improve the efficiency of the structural system.

[0004] Under the influence of rare earthquakes or larger earthquakes than expected, the damper displacement or damping force may exceed the ultimate bearing capacity, causing the damper to fail and lose its energy dissipation and shock absorption function, exposing the structure to damage, destruction, and even collapse. Variable stiffness dampers have the advantages of adjustable system stiffness, amplified structural deformation, and the avoidance of structural resonance with earthquakes. These allow the damper to fully function, thereby greatly improving its shock absorption efficiency. Due to the diverse ways in which the stiffness can be changed, different types of variable stiffness damper technologies have emerged. The mainstream technologies currently include passive control, active control, semi-active control, and hybrid control, which correspond to passive variable stiffness dampers, active variable stiffness dampers, variable stiffness semi-active vibration control, and variable stiffness hybrid control, respectively.

[0005] Structures deform under the lateral forces of an earthquake. Large deformations may result in residual deformation. Self-resetting dampers can reduce this residual deformation, minimizing the impact of earthquakes on structures, preventing collapse, and reducing repair costs and time. When faced with complex and variable earthquake conditions, variable-stiffness dampers rely solely on providing additional stiffness to mitigate building deformation. However, after fabrication, the additional stiffness provided by the dampers is difficult to increase, and they are unable to provide additional damping force. After an earthquake, the dampers deform and are difficult to return to their pre-earthquake equilibrium position, resulting in residual stresses in their joints, which compromises the damper's reliability. Dampers can further dissipate seismic energy through their displacement amplification properties. However, this property is frequency-dependent and only works within a certain frequency range. Displacement amplification also has limitations; a single level of displacement amplification is insufficient to dissipate significant energy.

[0006] In summary, a single-characteristic damper often cannot fully exert its function in complex earthquake situations. Therefore, the development of a displacement-amplifying variable-stiffness self-resetting energy-dissipating damper has important practical significance.

[0007] In view of this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a displacement-amplifying, variable-stiffness, self-resetting energy-dissipating damper. This device achieves efficient vibration reduction and self-resetting functions primarily through the synergistic effects of the friction energy dissipation system within the composite energy dissipator and the SMA energy dissipation system under earthquake conditions, the hysteresis energy dissipation of the SMA, and the liquid damper. The displacement-amplifying, variable-stiffness damper of the present invention utilizes a displacement amplification device and a variable-stiffness structure to ensure that the damper is fully utilized in small and medium earthquakes, and can continue to perform its energy dissipation and shock-absorbing functions in rare earthquakes and even unexpectedly large earthquakes, thereby improving the seismic performance of structures and reducing structural damage.

[0009] The present invention provides a displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy-absorbing damper, comprising a composite energy absorber, wherein the front end and the rear end of the composite energy absorber are provided with a first and a second rotating rod, the side of the composite energy absorber is fixedly connected to a liquid damper, and the first and the second rotating rods are fixedly connected to the first supports on both sides through a connecting rod.

[0010] Specifically, the composite energy absorber is provided with a first outer cam, a cavity cam and a second outer cam in sequence from front to back. The first and second outer cams are rotatably connected by a center rod. The two ends of the center rod pass through the first and second outer cams and are rotatably connected to the inner side of the rotating rod through guide bearings. The inner side of the first outer cam and the inner side of the second outer cam are both close to one end of the cavity cam. The cavity cam is annular, and the inner cavity of the annular ring is provided with a sliding inner wall.

[0011] Specifically, a cylinder perpendicular to the surface is provided at one end of the first and second outer cams away from the cavity cam, and the cylinders are evenly distributed along the radial direction. A balance spring is sleeved on the cylinder, and the balance spring is located between the rotating rod and the outer cam; a circular hole corresponding to the cylinder is provided on the rotating rod, and the cylinder can pass through the circular hole.

[0012] Specifically, the front and rear ends of the cavity cam ring are evenly distributed concave-convex structures, and the first and second outer cams are provided with concave-convex structures corresponding to the cavity cams. The raised parts of the first and second outer cams are narrower than the recessed parts of the cavity cams, and the raised parts of the cavity cams are narrower than the recessed parts of the first and second outer cams. The transition surface of the concave-convex structure is a spiral surface.

[0013] Specifically, a hollow cylindrical tube coaxial with the outer cam is further provided on the inner side of the first and second outer cams, and the hollow cylindrical tube is provided with protrusions uniformly distributed along the radial direction.

[0014] Specifically, two rotationally connected tension springs are nested in the middle section of the center rod, and the other ends of the tension springs are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the first and second outer cams respectively; the middle section of the center rod is provided with a rotation connection device.

[0015] Specifically, the composite energy absorber is further provided with a hollow tube, the two ends of which are respectively nested on the contact and the protrusion, an SMA energy dissipation rod is provided inside the hollow tube, a pressure spring is sleeved on the SMA energy dissipation rod, one end of which is provided with a contact, and the other end is fixedly connected to the protrusion; the top end of the contact can slide along the periodic curved surface of the sliding inner wall;

[0016] A fixing ring is provided on the hollow tube.

[0017] Specifically, one end of the liquid damper is hinged to the building structure through a second support, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cavity cam through a transmission rod;

[0018] The liquid damper further comprises a piston with a hole and a damping medium, and the piston with a hole is fixedly connected to the transmission rod.

[0019] Specifically, the connecting rods include a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, and a third connecting rod and a fourth connecting rod, each of which is hinged in pairs. One end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is hinged to a point on the building structure, and the other end is hinged to one end of the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod respectively. One end of the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod is hinged to a point on the building structure, and the other end is hinged to the other end of the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod respectively.

[0020] The connecting rod is provided with an elastic mechanism, and both ends of the elastic mechanism are fixedly connected to the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention provides a displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy-absorbing damper, which includes a two-stage displacement amplification system composed of a connecting rod, a rotating rod and a composite energy absorber. The connecting rod and the rotating rod effectively amplify the displacement of the building structure, further increase the displacement in the composite energy absorber, and enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the damper under earthquake action. The side of the composite energy absorber is fixedly connected to a liquid damper, which can enhance the stability of the device and perform additional energy dissipation. The composite energy absorber also integrates a friction energy dissipation system composed of a cavity cam and a second outer cam, and an SMA energy dissipation system, which can achieve multi-mode collaborative energy dissipation through friction energy dissipation and the hysteresis characteristics of the SMA, and can provide efficient energy dissipation performance under earthquakes of different intensities;

[0023] (2) The present invention connects various mechanisms by designing multiple sets of springs, which can not only achieve multi-level energy consumption in the face of different vibrations through the extension and compression of the springs, but also ensure that the composite energy absorber can quickly return to its initial position after an earthquake, reduce residual deformation, and improve the self-resetting ability and durability of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The three views of the composite energy absorber of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the composite energy absorber of the present invention.

[0030] Among them: 1. Liquid damper; 2. Connecting rod; 3. Rotating rod; 4. Return spring; 5. Composite energy absorber; 6. First support; 7. Second support; 11. Transmission rod; 12. Base; 13. Piston with hole; 14. Damping medium; 50. Fixed ring; 51a. Outer cam; 51b. Cavity cam; 52. Contact; 53. SMA energy absorbing rod; 54. Hollow tube; 55. Pressure spring; 56. Tension spring; 57. Bidirectional thrust ball bearing; 58. Balance spring; 59. Center rod; 510. Guide bearing; 511. Sliding inner wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of arrangements consistent with certain aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a displacement-amplifying variable-stiffness self-resetting energy-absorbing damper, comprising a composite energy absorber 5. The front and rear ends of the composite energy absorber 5 are provided with first and second rotating rods 3, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the composite energy absorber 5 are fixedly connected to a liquid damper 1, respectively. The other end of the liquid damper 1 is fixedly connected to a building structure. The first and second rotating rods 3 are hinged to first supports 6 on both sides via connecting rods 2. The connecting rods 2 are arranged in pairs, hinged to the first and second rotating rods 3 on the first supports 6. Specifically, the first and second connecting rods 2 are hinged to the right end points of the first and second rotating rods 3, respectively, and the third and fourth connecting rods 2 are hinged to the left end points of the first and second rotating rods 3, respectively. The connecting rods 2 are further provided with an elastic mechanism, the ends of which are fixedly connected to the first and second connecting rods 2, and the third and fourth connecting rods 2, respectively. Preferably, the elastic mechanism uses a reset spring 4 to reset the structure when the earthquake ends. The first support 6 is fixed to the building structure, preferably a building shear wall.

[0034] The present invention comprises a two-stage displacement amplification system consisting of connecting rods 2, rotating rods 3, and a composite energy dissipator 5. When an earthquake occurs, the shear wall displaces the first support 6, causing the two diagonal connecting rods 2 to rotate relative to each other around the hinge point of the first support 6. Leveraging the principle of leverage, the rotational displacement between the rotating rods 3 is amplified through the hinge point, causing the composite energy dissipator 5 to twist.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the composite energy dissipator 5 of the present invention is provided with a first outer cam 51a, a cavity cam 51b, and a second outer cam 51a in sequence from front to back. The first and second outer cams 51a are connected by a center rod 59. The ends of the center rod 59 pass through the first and second outer cams 51a and are rotatably connected to the inner side of the rotating rod 3 through guide bearings 510. The middle section of the center rod 59 is provided with a rotating connection device, allowing the first and second outer cams 51a, 51a to rotate relative to each other along the center rod 59. The rotating connection device is preferably a bidirectional thrust ball bearing 57.

[0036] refer to Figures 2-4 The first and second outer cams 51a are provided with cylindrical bodies perpendicular to the surface at one end away from the cavity cam 51b, and the cylindrical bodies are evenly distributed radially. The rotating rod 3 is provided with circular holes corresponding to the cylindrical bodies, through which the cylindrical bodies are inserted. Furthermore, a balancing spring 58 is sleeved on the cylindrical bodies and positioned between the rotating rod 3 and the outer cams 51a. Preferably, there are six cylindrical bodies, and their height is greater than the sum of the heights of the rotating rod 3 and the balancing spring 58. When the connecting rod 2 drives the rotating rod 3 to rotate, the outer cam 51a also rotates with the rotating rod 3. When the rotating rod 3 is displaced, it does not separate from the cylindrical bodies. The rotating rod 3, the outer cam 51a, and the cavity cam 51b of the composite energy absorber 5 form an axial spiral-to-rotation conversion mechanism.

[0037] To further enhance the energy dissipation efficiency and shock absorption capabilities of the present invention, the front and rear ends of the circular ring of the cavity cam 51b feature evenly distributed concave-convex structures. The first and second outer cams 51a are equipped with corresponding concave-convex structures. The raised portions of the first and second outer cams 51a are narrower than the recessed portions of the cavity cam 51b, while the raised portions of the cavity cam 51b are narrower than the recessed portions of the first and second outer cams 51a. The transition surfaces of the concave-convex structures are helical surfaces. To ensure that the first and second outer cams 51a can rotate relative to the cavity cam 51b, two tension springs 56 are nested in the middle section of the center rod 59. One end of the tension spring 56 is fixedly connected to a bidirectional thrust ball bearing 57, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first and second outer cams 51a, respectively. When the rotating rod 3 drives the outer cam 51a to rotate, the cavity cam 51b is fixedly connected to the building structure via the liquid damper 1, causing the outer cam 51a to rotate relative to the cavity cam 51b, resulting in relative torsion between the two along the contact plane. The balancing spring 58 is initially compressed to provide preload, generating friction between the contact surfaces of the outer cam 51a and the cavity cam 51b, thereby dissipating frictional energy. Under minor earthquakes, the torsion angle of the composite energy absorber 5 is small. Due to the preload provided by the balancing spring 58, the contact surfaces of the outer cam 51a and the cavity cam 51b rub back and forth along the contact plane. Because the central angle of the groove segment is greater than the central angle of the raised segment, this design leaves a certain friction gap between the contact surfaces of the two cams during minor earthquakes, preventing excessive frictional energy dissipation caused by minor earthquake inputs, thereby extending the service life of the contact surfaces and effectively absorbing small-amplitude vibration energy. Under major earthquakes, the torsion angle of the composite energy absorber 5 increases significantly, causing the contact surfaces of the outer cam 51a and the cavity cam 51b to rub along the contacting spiral surface. At this point, outer cam 51a undergoes vertical displacement away from cavity cam 51b, further compressing and stretching balance spring 58 and tension spring 56, respectively, generating greater forces. The combined action of these springs significantly enhances friction on the contact surface, thereby achieving greater energy dissipation and effectively absorbing the energy of large shock inputs. Preferably, the friction surface between outer cam 51a and cavity cam 51b is coated with a copper energy-dissipating coating, which offers excellent energy dissipation, stable cycling performance, and superior thermal conductivity, rapidly dissipating friction-generated heat.

[0038] Based on the above structure, the cavity cam 51b is annular, and its inner cavity is provided with a periodically curved sliding inner wall 511 with a smooth surface. The inner sides of the first and second outer cams 51a are also provided with hollow cylindrical tubes coaxial with the outer cams 51a and provided with radially evenly distributed protrusions. The composite energy absorber 5 is also provided with a hollow tube 54, the ends of which are respectively nested on the contact 52 and the protrusions. An SMA energy dissipation rod 53 is disposed within the hollow tube 54. The SMA energy dissipation rod 53 is sleeved with a pressure spring 55, with one end fixedly connected to the contact 52 and the other end fixedly connected to the protrusion. A fixing ring 50 is provided on the hollow tube 54, which is welded to the hollow tube 54 to fix the position of the hollow tube 54. When the outer cam 51a rotates along the center rod 59, it drives the contact 52 to slide along the inner wall of the cavity cam 51b. At the same time, the SMA energy-absorbing rod 53 is repeatedly compressed. During the sliding process of the contact 52, the pressure spring 55 provides a restoring force to maintain its deformation, and realizes reciprocating expansion and contraction energy consumption through the sliding inner wall 511 with a periodic curved surface design. Under the action of small earthquakes, the rotation angle of the contact 52 is small, and the sliding inner wall 511 is designed to have a small radial expansion and contraction within the corresponding small angle range. At this time, the stroke of the SMA energy-absorbing rod 53 is short and the energy-absorbing capacity is relatively small. It is mainly used to absorb small vibration energy to prevent the structure from responding too much due to small earthquake input. Under the action of large earthquakes, the rotation angle of the contact 52 increases significantly, and the sliding inner wall 511 is designed to have a large radial expansion and contraction on both sides of the corresponding large angle range. At this point, the compression of the SMA energy dissipation rod 53 increases significantly, increasing the contact force between the contact 52 and the sliding inner wall 511. Through repeated reciprocating expansion and contraction, the SMA energy dissipation rod 53 achieves higher energy dissipation efficiency, effectively dissipating the energy input from a large earthquake and protecting the main structure from serious damage. This specially designed sliding inner wall 511 adaptively adjusts its energy dissipation capacity according to the intensity of the earthquake input, providing moderate energy dissipation to reduce vibration response during minor earthquakes, while significantly enhancing its energy dissipation capacity to cope with strong earthquake impacts during major earthquakes, thereby achieving efficient energy dissipation of the damper under different earthquake intensities.

[0039] Preferably, SMA uses Nitinol (Ni-Ti alloy), which has superelasticity, high damping properties, strong energy dissipation capacity, and excellent cyclic stability. The liquid damper 1 can use a damping medium 14 such as dimethyl silicone oil, silicone rubber solution, and polyurethane solution.

[0040] Furthermore, in the composite energy dissipator 5, the rotation angle is amplified to the linear displacement at the vertex of the contact 52 and the relative displacement of the cam contact surface. The larger the radius of the composite energy dissipator 5, the greater the secondary amplified displacement.

[0041] It should be noted that the inner sides of the first outer cam 51a and the second outer cam 51a are both located near one end of the cavity cam 51b. The liquid damper 1 also includes a perforated piston 13, a transmission rod 11, and a damping medium 14. One end of the transmission rod 11 is fixedly connected to the cavity cam 51b of the composite energy absorber 5, and the other end is fixedly connected to the perforated piston 13. The liquid damper 1 preferably uses a damping medium 14 such as dimethyl silicone oil, silicone rubber solution, or polyurethane solution to provide a stable damping force and further improve energy dissipation efficiency. One end of the liquid damper 1 is hinged to the second support 7 fixed to the building structure via a base 12, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cavity cam 51b via the transmission rod 11.

[0042] The working process of the displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy-absorbing damper provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0043] When an earthquake occurs, the building structure shifts and deforms. This displacement and deformation are transmitted and amplified to the rotating rod 3 via the first support 6 and the secondary displacement amplification system. The rotating rod 3 then twists the composite energy dissipator 5. On the one hand, the outer cam 51a and the cavity cam 51b rotate relative to each other, dissipating frictional energy. On the other hand, the SMA energy dissipation system and the contact 52 within the composite energy dissipator 5 slide on the periodic curved surface of the sliding inner wall 511, dissipating energy and reducing vibration. Simultaneously, the liquid damper 1 stabilizes the cavity cam 51b and further dissipates energy. When the earthquake ends, the return spring 4 applies tension or pressure to reset the connecting rod 2 and the secondary displacement amplification system, returning the device to its initial state.

[0044] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0045] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description and is susceptible to various modifications and variations without departing from its scope. For example, the specific structure of the composite energy dissipator, the parameter design of the friction energy dissipation system and the SMA energy dissipation system, and the arrangement of the liquid damper can all be adjusted and optimized based on actual engineering requirements. The scope of the present invention is limited solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper, characterized in that: The composite energy absorber (5) comprises a first rotating rod (3) and a second rotating rod (3) provided at the front and rear ends of the composite energy absorber (5); a liquid damper (1) is fixedly connected to the side of the composite energy absorber (5); and the first and second rotating rods (3) are hinged to the building structures on both sides through connecting rods (2).

2. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite energy dissipator (5) is provided with a first outer cam (51a), a cavity cam (51b) and a second outer cam (51a) in sequence from front to back. The first and second outer cams (51a) are rotatably connected via a center rod (59). Both ends of the center rod (59) pass through the first and second outer cams (51a) and are rotatably connected to the inner side of the rotating rod (3) via a guide bearing (510). The inner side of the first outer cam (51a) and the inner side of the second outer cam (51a) are both close to one end of the cavity cam (51b). The cavity cam (51b) is annular, and the inner cavity of the annular ring is provided with a sliding inner wall (511).

3. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first and second outer cams (51a) are provided with cylinders perpendicular to the surface at one end away from the cavity cam (51b), and the cylinders are evenly distributed in the radial direction. A balance spring (58) is sleeved on the cylinder, and the balance spring (58) is located between the rotating rod (3) and the outer cam (51a); the rotating rod (3) is provided with a circular hole corresponding to the cylinder, and the cylinder can pass through the circular hole.

4. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the cavity cam (51b) ring are uniformly distributed concave-convex structures, and the first and second outer cams (51a) are provided with concave-convex structures corresponding to the cavity cam (51b). The raised portions of the first and second outer cams (51a) are narrower than the recessed portions of the cavity cam (51b), and the raised portions of the cavity cam (51b) are narrower than the recessed portions of the first and second outer cams (51a). The transition surface of the concave-convex structure is a spiral surface.

5. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hollow cylindrical tube coaxial with the outer cam (51a) is further provided on the inner side of the first and second outer cams (51a), and the hollow cylindrical tube is provided with protruding columns uniformly distributed along the radial direction.

6. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two rotationally connected tension springs (56) are nested in the middle section of the center rod (59), and the other ends of the tension springs (56) are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the first and second outer cams (51a) respectively; and a rotation connection device is provided in the middle section of the center rod (59).

7. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 5, characterized in that: The composite energy absorber (5) is further provided with a hollow tube (54), the two ends of which are respectively nested on the contact (52) and the protruding column; an SMA energy absorbing rod (53) is provided inside the hollow tube (54); a pressure spring (55) is sleeved on the SMA energy absorbing rod (53); one end of the SMA energy absorbing rod is provided with the contact (52), and the other end is fixedly connected to the protruding column; the top end of the contact (52) can slide along the periodic curved surface of the sliding inner wall (511); A fixing ring (50) is provided on the hollow tube (54).

8. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the liquid damper (1) is hinged to the building structure via a second support (7), and one end is fixedly connected to the cavity cam (51b) via a transmission rod (11); The liquid damper (1) further comprises a piston with a hole (13) and a damping medium (14), wherein the piston with a hole (13) is fixedly connected to the transmission rod (11).

9. The displacement amplification type variable stiffness self-resetting energy dissipation damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod (2) comprises a first connecting rod (2) and a second connecting rod (2), a third connecting rod (2) and a fourth connecting rod (2) which are hinged in pairs, wherein one end of the first connecting rod (2) and the second connecting rod (2) are hinged to a point on the building structure, and the other ends are hinged to one end of the first rotating rod (3) and the second rotating rod (3) respectively; one end of the third connecting rod (2) and the fourth connecting rod (2) are hinged to a point on the building structure, and the other ends are hinged to the other ends of the first rotating rod (3) and the second rotating rod (3) respectively; The connecting rod (2) is provided with an elastic mechanism, and the two ends of the elastic mechanism are fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (2) and the second connecting rod (2), the third connecting rod (2) and the fourth connecting rod (2).

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