Method for automatically preparing photovoltaic aluminum profile through first sand blasting and then aging

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic aluminum profile preparation, in particular to a method for automatically preparing a photovoltaic aluminum profile through sand blasting and aging sequentially. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, smelting, pouring and extruding raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy profile; continuously feeding the aluminum alloy section on the automatic production line into a sand blasting machine for sand blasting treatment, wherein the sand discharge amount of the lower shot blasting device is greater than that of the upper shot blasting device; then, the aluminum alloy profile subjected to sand blasting treatment is vertically suspended by using a row turning machine, and enters an aerial vertical aging furnace for aging treatment; and finally, the aluminum alloy profile obtained after aging treatment continues to be hung on the automatic conveying system to be subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, and the photovoltaic aluminum profile is obtained. According to the method, sand blasting is conducted firstly, then aging is conducted, the aluminum alloy grain structure distortion energy is enhanced, the material surface strength is better improved in the follow-up aging process, the sand blasting effect is improved, a uniform and compact sand face is formed, the corrosion resistance is improved, meanwhile, high automation can be achieved conveniently, and the production cost is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic aluminum profile preparation, and in particular to a method for automatically preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by sandblasting followed by aging. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the global emphasis on clean energy, photovoltaics (PV) as a clean energy source has garnered widespread attention. With the rapid development of the PV industry, market demand for PV aluminum profiles, the primary material for PV module frames and brackets, has also been increasing. Aluminum profiles are widely used in the solar industry due to their light weight, corrosion resistance, ease of forming, high strength, ease of cutting and processing, and recyclability.

[0003] In the production process of aluminum profiles, the traditional process is melting-casting-extrusion-aging-surface treatment. Surface treatment usually includes sandblasting, anodizing and other means. For example, Chinese patent CN102931273A discloses a method for processing a solar frame, which includes heating a mold and an aluminum rod at the same time; placing the aluminum rod into a mold for extrusion molding; aging the extruded aluminum; sandblasting and oxidizing the surface of the aged aluminum; and grinding the oxidized aluminum to obtain a final frame. This method has simple steps and produces a light, strong and corrosion-resistant frame. Chinese patent CN113073239A discloses an aluminum alloy material and manufacturing method for a solar photovoltaic frame bracket. The method forms an aluminum rod with stable performance through alloying-melting-casting-homogenizing heat treatment-extrusion. The high-temperature solid solution effect during the extrusion molding process is utilized, and the rod is rapidly cooled by online quenching to form a supersaturated solid solution. The rod is then subjected to aging hardening to achieve a strengthening effect. Finally, sandblasting and anodizing are performed to produce a high-strength, easy-to-extrude, and beautiful solar photovoltaic frame bracket. However, during the aging process, a high-temperature oxide film will form on the surface of the aluminum profile, which will reduce the adhesion of the sandblasting and lead to problems such as increased sandblasting volume. The production efficiency and sandblasting quality are low, and more pollution and waste are generated. In addition, due to the traditional aging-before-sandblasting method, the profile needs to be taken off the line (off the automated production line) for framing and unframing, and then put back on line for sandblasting. The above process cannot be highly automated.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for preparing aluminum profiles that is highly automated, more environmentally friendly, and has better strength and corrosion resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an automated method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by sandblasting followed by aging. The specific scheme is as follows: A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The metals are fed into the furnace according to the composition ratio and melted as the furnace heats up to obtain aluminum alloy liquid. The aluminum alloy liquid is then transported to a casting mold for casting to obtain aluminum rods. The transmission system of the automated production line transports the aluminum rods to a rod furnace for heating, automatically sawing them into short rods, and transporting them to an extrusion cylinder for extrusion to obtain aluminum alloy profiles. Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automated production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The specific process parameters of the sandblasting process are: the sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is 32-36Hz, the sandblasting frequency of the lower shot blasting machine is 30-34Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the shot blasting machine is 400-600g / second. The sand discharge amount of the lower shot blasting machine is greater than that of the upper shot blasting machine. Step 3: performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy profile after sandblasting, wherein the aging temperature is 180-190° C. and the aging time is 2.5-3.5 hours. The aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10 minutes and is cooled by natural air during the process of being taken out of the furnace; Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profile is continued to be hung on the transmission system for anodizing treatment to obtain a photovoltaic aluminum profile.

[0006] Furthermore, in step 3, the aluminum alloy profile after sandblasting is vertically suspended on the upper row of the turning machine, enters upward from the bottom entrance of the aerial vertical aging furnace for aging treatment, and is discharged downward from the bottom outlet of the aerial vertical aging furnace, and is naturally air-cooled during the process of being discharged from the furnace.

[0007] Furthermore, the process parameters of the smelting process in step 1 are: smelting temperature of 720-750°C, smelting time of 8-12h, followed by one slag skimming, and refining at 720-750°C after one slag skimming, refining time of 0.5-1.5h, and adding refining agent twice during the refining process.

[0008] Furthermore, the process parameters of the pouring process in step 1 are: pouring temperature of 720-750°C, pouring speed of 100-120 mm / min, online degassing temperature of 700-730°C, and cooling water flow rate of 400-500 m / h.

[0009] Furthermore, the process parameters of the extrusion process in step 1 are: the rod furnace heating temperature is greater than 450°C, the extrusion barrel temperature is 380-420°C, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8mm / s, the quenching temperature is 520-550°C, and the temperature is cooled by air to below 200°C after quenching.

[0010] Furthermore, the anodizing process in step 4 is specifically as follows: Step 1: First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in a H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150-220 g / L for 1-5 minutes. After taking it out, perform acid washing twice at room temperature with a pH gradient from low to high, preferably using pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 washing water in sequence; Step 2: Soak in NaOH solution again, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30-60g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30-60℃, and Al 3+ ≤65g / L, preferably Al 3+ The concentration is controlled at 20-50g / L, and the soaking time is 1-5min; after taking out, spray with room temperature alkali solution-wash with water, preferably the alkali solution has a pH of 7-11, and the washing water is tap water; Step 3: Soak in H2SO4 solution again, the H2SO4 concentration is 150-220g / L, the time is 1-5min, and then pickled, preferably using pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 washing water in sequence; Step 4: Then carry out anodization. The electrolyte is 150-220g / L H2SO4 solution. Control Al 3+ ≤18g / L, current density 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 , after taking out, perform acid washing with a gradient of pH from small to large, preferably using washing water with pH 2-4, pH 4-6, and pH 6-7 in sequence; Step 5: Finally, seal the hole. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8-1.3g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃; the time is 10-24min, then wash twice with room temperature water and once with hot water.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention optimizes the preparation process of aluminum profiles: sandblasting first, then aging, and finally anodizing. Sandblasting first can enhance the distortion energy of the aluminum alloy grain structure, and can better improve the surface strength of the material during the subsequent aging process. The Weber hardness of the aluminum profile after sandblasting-aging is increased by 10% compared with the original aging-sandblasting process, and the sealing effect after anodizing is also better. At the same time, sandblasting first avoids the defects of the high-temperature oxide film generated during the aging process, which causes the sandblasting adhesion to decrease and the amount of sandblasting to increase. It can better improve the sandblasting effect, improve the problem of the hardness of the material surface, and more easily form a uniform and dense sand surface, so as to obtain a more excellent and beautiful profile surface and improve the corrosion resistance, while generating less pollution and waste. (2) In addition, the preparation process of the present invention can be highly automated: the extruded aluminum alloy profiles can be directly cut on the production line and fed into the sandblasting machine. After sandblasting, the profiles are hung on the upper row using a turning machine, vertically enter and exit the aging furnace, and continue to be transported on the production line to the anodizing tank for vertical immersion treatment. On the one hand, it avoids the difficult-to-automate framing and unframing process when using traditional horizontal aging furnaces. On the other hand, when aging first and then sandblasting, the profile surface is prone to scratches due to the unstable framing, unframing or movement process before and after aging. The scratched products need to be picked out before continuing to the subsequent processes such as sandblasting, which greatly reduces the efficiency and degree of automation. When sandblasting first and then aging, since the profile has formed a sand surface and the vertical aging furnace does not require a loading and unloading frame, it is not easy to be scratched during the aging process and there is no need to carry out the process of picking out the scratched products, thereby improving the degree of automation, improving production efficiency and yield rate, and effectively reducing production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 The process flow chart of the present method is shown; Figure 2 A graph showing the acid mist corrosion resistance performance test of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 1 is shown; Figure 3 A graph showing the acid mist corrosion resistance performance test of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 2 is shown; Figure 4 A graph showing the acid mist corrosion resistance performance test of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Example 3 is shown; Figure 5 A test diagram of the acid mist corrosion resistance performance of the photovoltaic aluminum alloy frame product of Comparative Example 1 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0014] A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automatic sandblasting followed by aging, as shown in the attached Figure 1 The following steps are shown: Step 1: The metal is fed according to the composition ratio and smelted as the furnace temperature rises. The process parameters of the smelting process are: smelting temperature of 720-750℃, smelting time of 8-12h, followed by one slag removal. After one slag removal, refining is carried out at 720-750℃ for 0.5-1.5h. Refining agent is added twice during the refining process to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; The aluminum alloy liquid is transported to the casting mold through the launder for casting. The process parameters of the casting process are: pouring temperature of 720-750℃, pouring speed of 100-120mm / min, online degassing temperature of 700-730℃, cooling water flow rate of 400-500m / h, to obtain aluminum bars; The conveying system of the automatic production line transports the aluminum bars to the rod furnace for heating, then automatically saws them into short bars and transports them to the extrusion barrel for extrusion. The process parameters of the extrusion process are: the heating temperature of the rod furnace is greater than 450℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 380-420℃, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8mm / s, the quenching temperature is 520-550℃, and after quenching, the temperature is cooled by air to below 200℃ to obtain aluminum alloy profiles. Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automatic production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profile into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The specific process parameters of the sandblasting process are: the sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is 32-36Hz, the sandblasting frequency of the lower shot blasting machine is 30-34Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the shot blasting machine is 400-600g / second. The sand discharge amount of the lower shot blasting machine is greater than that of the upper shot blasting machine. Step 3: The aluminum alloy profiles after sandblasting are suspended vertically on the upper row of the turning machine and enter upward from the bottom entrance of the aerial vertical aging furnace for aging treatment. The aluminum alloy profiles are heated to the furnace temperature within 10 minutes, the aging temperature is 180-190 ° C, the aging time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and then discharged from the bottom outlet of the aerial vertical aging furnace downward, and naturally cooled in the process of being discharged; Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles are continued to be hung on the transmission system of the automatic production line for anodizing treatment. The anodizing process is as follows: (1) First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a H2SO4 concentration of 150-220g / L for 1-5min. After taking it out, perform acid washing twice at room temperature with a pH gradient from small to large. Preferably, the washing water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6 is used in sequence. (2) Then immerse in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30-60g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30-60℃, and Al 3+ ≤65g / L, preferably Al 3+ The concentration is controlled at 20-50g / L, and the soaking time is 1-5 min; after taking out, spray with alkali solution at room temperature and wash with water, preferably the alkali solution has a pH of 7-11, and the water washing is tap water; (3) Soak in H2SO4 solution again, with H2SO4 concentration of 150-220g / L, for 1-5min, and then pickle with acid, preferably using water with pH 2-4 and pH 4-6; (4) Then carry out anodization, the electrolyte is 150-220g / L H2SO4 solution, Al 3+ ≤18 g / L, current density 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 , after taking out, perform acid washing with a gradient of pH from small to large, preferably using washing water with pH 2-4, pH 4-6, and pH 6-7 in sequence; (5) Finally, the hole is sealed. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8-1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃; the time is 10-24min, and after taking it out, wash it twice with room temperature water and once with hot water.

[0015] Finally, photovoltaic aluminum profiles for photovoltaic frames are obtained. In the above steps, the vertical aging furnace uses the aging furnace disclosed in patent CN118421892A "Aerial online vertical aging furnace", and the turning machine uses the turning machine disclosed in patent CN212608011U "A loading and turning machine".

[0016] Example 1: A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The metal is charged according to the composition ratio of the national standard 6005 grade aluminum alloy, and is melted as the furnace temperature rises. The melting temperature is 750°C and the melting time is 10 hours. Subsequently, the slag is skimmed once. After the slag is skimmed once, the metal is refined at 750°C for 1 hour. Refining agent is added twice during the refining process to obtain aluminum alloy liquid. The aluminum alloy liquid is transported to the casting mold through the launder and poured at a pouring temperature of 750°C, a pouring speed of 120 mm / min, an online degassing temperature of 720°C, and a cooling water flow rate of 400 m / h to obtain an aluminum rod; The conveying system of the automatic production line transports the aluminum bars to the bar furnace, where they are heated at 460°C. The bars are then automatically sawn into short bars and transported to the extrusion barrel for extrusion. The extrusion barrel temperature is 400°C, the extrusion rod speed is 6mm / s, and the quenching temperature is 550°C. After quenching, the bars are cooled by air to below 200°C to obtain aluminum alloy profiles. Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automatic production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is 34Hz, and the sandblasting frequency of the lower shot blasting machine is 32Hz. The sand discharge of the lower shot blasting machine is 440g / s, and that of the upper shot blasting machine is 420g / s. The sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is higher than that of the lower shot blasting machine, and the sand discharge amount is less than that of the lower shot blasting machine. Step 3: The aluminum alloy profiles after sandblasting are suspended vertically on the upper row of the turning machine and enter the aerial vertical aging furnace from the bottom entrance for aging treatment. The aluminum alloy profiles are heated to the furnace temperature within 10 minutes, the aging temperature is 180-190℃, the aging time is 3 hours, and the profiles are discharged from the bottom outlet downwards. Natural air cooling is carried out during the process of being discharged from the furnace; Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles are continued to be hung on the automatic transmission system for anodizing treatment. The specific process is as follows: (1): First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 160g / L for 3 minutes. After taking it out, use pH 2 and pH 4 washing water to wash it in turn; (2): Then immerse in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 45℃, and Al 3+ The concentration is 30-40 g / L. When the concentration is high, part of the tank solution is replaced and the soaking time is 3 minutes. After taking out, spray with room temperature alkali solution (pH 10) and wash with water (pH 7), the time is 20 seconds each. (3): Soak in H2SO4 solution again with a concentration of 170 g / L for 3 min. After removal, wash with water of pH 2 and pH 4 in sequence. (4): Then carry out anodization, the electrolyte is 165g / L H2SO4 solution, control AL 3+ ≈17 g / L, current density 1.3 A / dm 2 After taking it out, it was washed with acid in a gradient of pH from small to large (pH 2, pH 4, pH 6), the acid solution was at room temperature, and the washing time was 20s; (5): Finally, the hole is sealed. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 1.0 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.5, the temperature is 60℃; the time is 15 minutes, followed by two washes with room temperature water and one wash with hot water.

[0017] The obtained aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame has a Webster hardness of 17HW, a tensile strength of 300Mpa, a yield strength of 280Mpa, an elongation of 10%, a film thickness of 12μm, and a sealing mass loss value of 28mg / dm 2 , corrosion resistance such as attached Figure 2 As shown, it can reach protection level 9.8. The test method / judgment standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 Aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxide film and organic polymer film test method Part 3: Salt spray test.

[0018] Example 2: A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, wherein steps 1 and 3 are the same as those in Example 1.

[0019] Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automatic production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The upper shot blasting machine has a sandblasting frequency of 32Hz, the lower shot blasting machine has a sandblasting frequency of 30Hz, the lower shot blasting machine has a sand discharge rate of 600g / s, and the upper shot blasting machine has a sand discharge rate of 550g / s. Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles are continued to be hung on the automatic transmission system for anodizing treatment. The specific process is as follows: (1): First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 200g / L for 2 minutes. After taking it out, wash it with water of pH 3 and pH 5 in sequence. (2): Then immerse in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 40g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30℃, and Al 3+ The concentration is 30-40 g / L. When the concentration is high, part of the tank solution is replaced and the soaking time is 1 minute. After taking out, spray with room temperature alkali solution (pH 11) and wash with water (pH 7), each time for 20 seconds. (3): Soak in H2SO4 solution again with a concentration of 150 g / L for 1 min. After removal, wash with water of pH 3 and pH 5 in sequence. (4): Then carry out anodization, the electrolyte is 185g / L H2SO4 solution, control AL 3+ ≈17 g / L, current density 1.4 A / dm 2 After taking it out, it was washed with acid in a gradient of pH from small to large (pH 3, pH 5, pH 7), the acid solution was at room temperature, and the washing time was 20s; (5): Finally, the hole is sealed. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3, the temperature is 60℃; the time is 10 minutes, followed by two washes with room temperature water and one wash with hot water.

[0020] The obtained aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame has a Webster hardness of 17HW, a tensile strength of 310Mpa, a yield strength of 285Mpa, an elongation of 10%, a film thickness of 12μm, and a sealing mass loss value of 28mg / dm 2 , corrosion resistance such as attached Figure 3As shown, it can reach protection level 9.8. The test method / judgment standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 Aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxide film and organic polymer film test method Part 3: Salt spray test.

[0021] Example 3: A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, wherein steps 1 and 3 are the same as those in Example 1.

[0022] Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automatic production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The upper shot blasting machine has a sandblasting frequency of 36Hz, the lower shot blasting machine has a sandblasting frequency of 34Hz, the lower shot blasting machine has a sand discharge rate of 460g / s, and the upper shot blasting machine has a sand discharge rate of 400g / s. Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles are continued to be hung on the automatic transmission system for anodizing treatment. The specific process is as follows: (1): First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150g / L for 5 minutes. After taking it out, wash it with pH 4 and pH 6 water in turn; (2): Then immerse in NaOH solution, the concentration of NaOH solution is 60g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 60℃, and Al 3+ The concentration is 30-40 g / L. When the concentration is high, part of the tank solution is replaced and the soaking time is 5 minutes. After taking out, spray with room temperature alkali solution (pH 11) and wash with water (pH 7), each time for 20 seconds. (3): Soak in H2SO4 solution again with a concentration of 220 g / L for 5 min. After removal, wash with water of pH 4 and pH 6 in sequence. (4): Then carry out anodization, the electrolyte is 200g / L H2SO4 solution, control AL 3+ ≈17 g / L, current density 1.6 A / dm 2 After taking it out, it was washed with acid in a gradient of pH from small to large (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7), the acid solution was at room temperature, and the washing time was 20s; (5): Finally, the hole is sealed. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.8, the temperature is 60℃; the time is 10 minutes, followed by two washes with room temperature water and one wash with hot water.

[0023] The obtained aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame has a Webster hardness of 18HW, a tensile strength of 300Mpa, a yield strength of 283 Mpa, an elongation of 10%, a film thickness of 12μm, and a sealing mass loss value of 29mg / dm 2 , corrosion resistance such as attached Figure 4 As shown, it can reach protection level 9.8. The test method / judgment standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 Aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxide film and organic polymer film test method Part 3: Salt spray test.

[0024] Comparative Example 1: The process steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the order of the aging and sandblasting processes is adjusted, with the aging treatment being performed first, followed by the sandblasting and anodizing processes.

[0025] The photovoltaic aluminum alloy profile for photovoltaic frame was obtained, with a Webster hardness of 15HW, a tensile strength of 280Mpa, a yield strength of 270 Mpa, an elongation of 10%, a film thickness of 12μm, and a sealing mass loss value of 31 mg / dm 2 , corrosion resistance such as attached Figure 5 As shown, it only reaches protection level 9.5. The test method / judgment standard is GB / T 5237.2-2017 Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles and GB / T12967.3-2022 Aluminum and aluminum alloy anodic oxide film and organic polymer film test method Part 3: Salt spray test.

[0026] Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described above. It will be understood that the above embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. The features in these embodiments can be recombined in an appropriate manner, and the solutions obtained thereby are still within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work, that is, all modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application, fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The metals are fed into the furnace according to the composition ratio and melted as the furnace heats up to obtain aluminum alloy liquid. The aluminum alloy liquid is then transported to a casting mold for casting to obtain aluminum rods. The transmission system of the automated production line transports the aluminum rods to a rod furnace for heating, automatically sawing them into short rods, and transporting them to an extrusion cylinder for extrusion to obtain aluminum alloy profiles. Step 2: Use the transmission system of the automated production line to continuously feed the aluminum alloy profiles into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting. The specific process parameters of the sandblasting process are: the sandblasting frequency of the upper shot blasting machine is 32-36Hz, the sandblasting frequency of the lower shot blasting machine is 30-34Hz, and the sand discharge amount of the shot blasting machine is 400-600g / second. The sand discharge amount of the lower shot blasting machine is greater than that of the upper shot blasting machine. Step 3: performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy profile after sandblasting, wherein the aging temperature is 180-190° C. and the aging time is 2.5-3.5 hours. The aluminum alloy profile is heated to the furnace temperature within 10 minutes and is cooled by natural air during the process of being taken out of the furnace; Step 4: After the aging treatment in step 3, the aluminum alloy profile is continued to be hung on the transmission system for anodizing treatment to obtain a photovoltaic aluminum profile.

2. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the aluminum alloy profiles after sandblasting are vertically suspended on the upper row of the turning machine, enter upward from the bottom entrance of the aerial vertical aging furnace for aging treatment, and exit from the bottom outlet of the aerial vertical aging furnace downward, and are naturally air-cooled during the process of exiting the furnace.

3. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the smelting process in step 1 are: smelting temperature of 720-750°C, smelting time of 8-12h, followed by one slag skimming, and refining at 720-750°C after one slag skimming for 0.5-1.5h. The refining agent is added twice during the refining process.

4. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the pouring process in step 1 are: pouring temperature of 720-750° C., pouring speed of 100-120 mm / min, online degassing temperature of 700-730° C., and cooling water flow rate of 400-500 m / h.

5. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the extrusion process in step 1 are: the rod furnace heating temperature is greater than 450°C, the extrusion barrel temperature is 380-420°C, the extrusion rod speed is 5-8 mm / s, the quenching temperature is 520-550°C, and the temperature is cooled by air to below 200°C after quenching.

6. The method for preparing photovoltaic aluminum profiles by automated sandblasting followed by aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anodizing process in step 4 is specifically as follows: Step 1: First, immerse the aluminum alloy profile vertically in H2SO4 solution with a concentration of 150-220g / L for 1-5 minutes, and then perform normal temperature gradient pickling twice with a pH value from low to high. Step 2: Soak in NaOH solution again, the concentration of NaOH solution is 30-60g / L, the temperature of NaOH solution is 30-60℃, and Al 3+ ≤65g / L, soaking time is 1-5min; after taking out, spray with alkali solution at room temperature and then wash with water; Step 3: Soak in H2SO4 solution again, the H2SO4 concentration is 150-220g / L, the time is 1-5min, and then pickle after taking out; Step 4: Then carry out anodization. The electrolyte is 150-220g / L H2SO4 solution. Control Al 3+ ≤18g / L, current density 1.2-1.6 A / dm 2 , after taking it out, perform gradient acid washing with pH from small to large; Step 5: Finally, seal the hole. The sealing agent is a medium-temperature sealing agent, Ni 2+ The concentration is 0.8-1.3 g / L, the pH value is controlled at 5.3-5.8, the temperature is 58-62℃; the time is 10-24 minutes, then washed twice with room temperature water and once with hot water.

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